NL8220445A - Self-propelled device for moving conveyable heavy-duty concrete parts. - Google Patents

Description

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Self-propelled device for moving transportable heavy concrete parts.

The invention relates to a self-propelled device with a driving frame and a suction lifting device attached to at least one adjustable bracket for lifting and moving transportable heavy concrete parts, in particular for laying commercial paving stones of concrete.

For displacing paving stone laying units it is already known to use devices with a driving frame and a vertically liftable and lowerable jib hingedly connected thereto, the free end of which carries a gripper which grips the laying units. The jib is hingedly connected in the rear area of the driving frame and extended forward through a driver's position arranged in the front area.

Paving stones can be picked up in layers with the gripper and transported and put down again by moving the device. The gripper hingedly connected to the bracket can only be lifted and lowered again. Before slewing, i.e.

For the change of direction, the entire device with the driving frame has to be moved by falling impact of the wheels and by new control of the laying place. This causes the pointed gripper, as mentioned, to swing in such a way that a rocking out has to be awaited each time before setting it down. This work must also be carried out each time for picking up the stone layer of the supplied palette stack, so that a lot of time is wasted with each laying. In addition, the building elements can only be transported and moved in working direction viewed in the direction of travel. In connection with paving stones, it is only possible to move a layer width, so that the vehicle has to drive a new one separately to the laying area after applying a layer. The driving work to be carried out thereby is considerable.

The area of use is limited to planes, the sizes of which correspond at least to the radius of movement of the 8220445-2 chassis. The use of the device is therefore not possible when laying stones on narrower surfaces, such as footpaths and bicycle paths and such roads. It is also not possible to work here, i.e. if the vehicle is standing on the road surface, because the short protrusion of the protruding part does not allow several layers of stone to move against the curb for each other. With the advancement of the laying work on fairly large surfaces, the roadway to be covered by the device becomes increasingly larger due to the increasing distance between the storage location of the building elements outside the surface and the laying location.

The known device is provided with a gripper, with which the building elements, e.g. paving stones, are gripped and held by clamping action during lifting.

15 The building elements are thus pressed together and thus prevented from slipping downwards. An uninterrupted gripping surface for the clamping jaws must be present, otherwise the clamping action would not be transferred to the inner stones and they would slip out. The stone layer would fall out of the clamp. However, in order to be able to make a connection required by the orderer of a pavement, such as, for example, "herringbone pattern", the individual stone layers must have half stones that are missing after laying a second stone layer against each other with exactly opposite each other. empty places of half stone sizes are closed by hand by inserting whole individual stones. This guarantees the continuation of the original link. In the known laying device this is not possible because of the indispensable continuous engagement surfaces for the clamping jaws mentioned. The empty places for stones to be placed later on have already been closed at the stone layers by inserting half stones. When stone layer against stone layer is now moved bluntly, this results in a continuous longitudinal joint.

35 The favorable dressing effect of the street covering for absorbing and distributing the braking and collision forces of motor vehicles has not been achieved. The order of the orderer and the DIN regulation are not fulfilled.

Moreover, this gripper cannot be used with plate-shaped 40 laying elements, because when 8220445-3 occurs - the clamping action would deflect upwards or downwards, depending on their flat shape and small edge area. Claw-shaped elements serve to obtain the clamping force, which are annoying when depositing a laying unit. For example, they prevent the parts to be laid flat against each other. Therefore, they cannot be lowered to the top of the sand in order to then release the claws, but to prevent the claw-shaped gripping elements from engaging between the parts already laid and the parts to be laid, these parts must be laid shortly above the ground slide out of the hook, so that they cover the last part in free fall. A drawback here is that the building parts to be laid do not come to lie exactly in one plane, which is particularly disadvantageous in the case of fairly small units, such as paving stones. The joint pattern shifted by this must be corrected immediately by a second helping person in order not to work out of the rectangular grating at all when laying further. In addition, there are considerable frictional forces between the gripping elements and the construction parts, which are different on the individual sides and therefore lead to irregularities when the unit is set down.

In order to avoid the above-mentioned difficulties in laying entire stone layers, it is therefore necessary to engage the stones only from their top side, which is possible with the aid of a suction lifting device. For example, it is known from French Patent Specification 1 461 504 to move bandages with the aid of a suction lifting device, which is attached to pivotable boom arms 30 of a self-propelled device. However, since the conventional suction hingers known from hitherto known layers can not be held in their precise direction without difficulty, it is provided, according to the French patent, to combine individual stones with separable connecting materials, so that transportable plates which can be laid unchanged as such. A considerable number of bricks are therefore combined into one block at the start of manufacture, 40 This should simplify and speed up laying. After the stones have been laid 8220445 - 4 - the connecting agent must gradually disappear, eg dissolved. The use of connectors means significant additional labor and material costs. In addition, there is the danger that an undesired adherence of a separate stone entails a loosening of the entire bandage, so that lifting with the known suction lifting device becomes impossible if necessary. For this reason alone, the use of the known suction device has not been able to find an entrance in practice.

Lifting and moving paving stones, in particular several stones arranged in a desired context, entails many problems which have hitherto not been solved in the desired manner.

15 Concrete paving stones have a high specific weight, which requires the preparation of a high vacuum. Moving an entire layer of bricks in one pass requires precise alignment and close spacing of all bricks. The individual suction stamps of a suction lifting device must be rotatable in all directions, i.e. not only about a vertical axis, but also about a horizontal axis, because often individual stones are turned depending on the rough packaging and delivery. Moreover, the individual stones 25 in a stone layer do not always lie flush in one plane, so that a height compensation of the individual suction stamps must additionally be possible. The suction lifting device must have twice as many suction stamps as the stones to be lifted, so that connections (herringbone) can also be made. Namely, it is then ensured that two suction dies are added to a stone of rectangular, commercially customary size (approx. 11/22 cm), irrespective of whether the stone is in the longitudinal or transverse direction. For this reason, namely that it is possible to make different relationships with one and the same suction lifting device, this grating device of two suction dies per brick was chosen. The suction stamps must therefore be round and must therefore only have a certain size in view of the brick sizes available on the market. This results in a fixed suction surface 40 per suction stamp with a diameter of approximately 40 8220445 - 5 mm. A possible wavy joint pattern has also been taken into account. Due to the high specific weight of the stones, this suction bearing surface may not be smaller or narrowed, because otherwise the engagement surface for the lifting force 5 is no longer sufficient to lift these heavy building elements. Due to a small pump, the fluctuating vacuum (rock-mel vacuum) during operation must be as small as possible in order to contribute to a low total weight of the mobile device. This again presupposes that the suction cross-sections must be closed automatically when a suction punch does not come to rest on the surface of a stone but, as it were, engages empty. This is the case when laying herringbone bandage according to instructions. In other dressings, such as eg block dressings, there are no predetermined empty places, so that all the pistons have to do their job. In addition, it must be ensured that the vacuum position can be kept ready for operation irrespective of the position of the accelerator pedal of the driving device for driving forward, so that a uniform vacuum strength is always present.

Because of these conditions, it has hitherto not been possible to provide a tool with which the laying of dressing paving layers of a fairly large extent was possible.

It is true that a solution according to the German utility model 1 890 740 has already been proposed for the automatic closing of air ducts. In this embodiment, a ram as an extension of a valve body is guided downward over the boundary surface of the suction bell, so that when the clock is placed on the object to be lifted, the valve is automatically opened and the vacuum can be introduced into the suction bell. A drawback of this is the reduction of the load-bearing suction surface by the ram cross-section and the possibility of premature opening due to material to be lifted tilted lying down. This allows the suction flow to be released prematurely, so that the vacuum in the suction installation can disappear. In addition, leaks due to concrete sand adhering to the valve seat 40 must be taken into account.

8220445 - 6 -

A further possibility of the control of the suction cross-section in dependence on the engagement of material to be lifted can be taken from DE-PS 1 274 297. However, this embodiment is completely unsuitable for lifting loads with a high specific weight. It should be taken into account that building parts of 3 concrete have a specific weight of about 24 tons / m. The balloon-shaped contact part, however, takes up too much of the cross-sectional area of the suction bell, so that an application for these purposes is completely unsuitable. In addition, the fixing of concrete sand grains also plays a significant role here, which means that the control element cannot close with sufficient density. Moreover, the undesired possibility of premature opening again arises by placing the suction clock on oblique surfaces, as is shown in particular in Fig. 7 of the said publication.

A suction bell for lifting loads can be taken from the German Utility Model 69 31 165, in which the suction cross section is first released at the start of lifting and is also held open, provided that the suction bell is placed on the load to be lifted. A sealing sleeve can also guarantee a small height compensation due to its flexibility. However, this has the disadvantage that the sealing of rough stone material performs a grinding movement with considerable wear. This results in a sealing loss, which leads to failure when lifting loads with a high specific weight. In addition, a large rocking vacuum must be available for such a construction, because only then can the flow-dynamic action which leads to the closing of the valve body be prepared. Any closing of the valve first requires drawing in significant amounts of additional air, which load the vacuum.

In addition, the large suction cross-sectional area required for lifting is impermissibly reduced at higher pressures of the entire suction lifting device. In such embodiments, the suction lifting device must first be placed on the material to be lifted and then the vacuum 40 switched on. This means an extra action before 8220445 - 7 - the already considerably burdened clerk of a device moving under his own power. Such explanations also apply to the German Use Model 7 228 550.

All the above-mentioned embodiments have the common drawback that subsequent adjustment of the suction clock, i.e. after setting on the material to be lifted, is not possible. It is precisely this, however, that is a precondition when gripping loosely placed small building parts.

The invention is based on the problem of designing a device of the type mentioned in the preamble, such that when lifting a large number of separate concrete parts, in particular connection paving stones, which lie loosely in relation to each other, the above-mentioned difficulties are overcome and, overall, the device with the necessary low total weight is able to drive over newly laid concrete paving stones, without forming track grooves in the not yet vibrated bandage. As a result, the usability and the laying quality must be increased. The solution according to the invention is distinguished in that the suction lifting device is rectangular in shape, has suction dies movable axially and at an angle independently of each other and has pivoting jaws on all sides against the material to be lifted, the suction flow of each individual suction punch is released by appropriate means upon contact with the material to be lifted.

The device according to the invention satisfies every preliminary condition mentioned for laying, in particular, paving stones of concrete. When laying paving elements, for example, ten layers of stone can be moved or repositioned. without moving the implement. This corresponds to the amount of a conventional palette with a stone stack supplied by the concrete factories. The paving stones or slabs to be laid can be lowered down to the sand bed, so that lateral shifting is not possible. This is possible in particular when laying a first layer, which requires very precise alignment. The shelves no longer need to travel 40 dUs in the last part of their downward path 8220445 - 8 - in free fall. In addition, laying an arbitrary number of concrete paving sizes, which are commercially available at the handy size of about 11/22 cm and which form about 85% of the total paving requirement, is possible with a single laying device. This is a considerable advantage over the known laying clamp pliers, which can only be used for one brick size. Particularly advantageous without any example is a re-taking of the paving elements 10 with the suction lifting device without damaging the material. This work cannot be performed with clamping pliers of the tools available on the market, because clamping pliers can no longer be secured on paving. The superfluous running gear creates a great working capacity. Moreover, by means of a displaceable weight, any trimming which may be necessary and thus safety in position can be achieved.

The device according to the invention permits further laying work both on the front pointing in the direction of travel and also laterally thereof without having to move the vehicle. A stack of components to be laid behind the vehicle can be engaged by rotating the support frame by 180 °. This makes it possible to install very narrow strips. It is thus possible to engage narrow strips running laterally of the driving frame, such as can be done, for example, from the carriageway for laying pedestrian lanes or carriageway boundary edges and bicycle paths. When the device is standing on a solid surface such as, for example, a roadway deck, additional weights can be used to provide the necessary counter moment for the maximum protrusion. These additional weights can be taken off for weight reduction as soon as the use of the device on a new paving surface to be laid would be necessary.

Furthermore, various preferred embodiments and further developments are possible.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which shows by way of example an embodiment of the device according to the invention 40. In the drawing: 8220445 - 9 - Fig. 1 shows the side view of a laying device, based on the direction of travel, Fig. 2 shows the laying device from the front while working in the lateral direction, 5 Fig. 3 shows the top view of the laying device according to Fig. 1 Fig. 4 shows the front of the suction lifting device in the open position, Fig.> 5 shows a suction punch of the suction lifting device on a larger ± 0 scale in the starting position, Fig. 6 shows the suction punch of the suction lifting device according to Fig. 5 in the working position, Fig. 7 an image of two herringbone stone layers with a conventional gripping device, fig. 8 an image of two herringbone stone layers in connection with the suction lifting device of the present application.

Special features include: 1 driving frame, 2 carrying frame, 3 slewing ring, 4 sliding counterweight, 5 frame frame, 20 6 bracket, 7 pivot bracket, 8 bracket plate of the bracket, 9 hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the frame frame, 10 piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder , 11 hydraulic cylinder of the jib, 12 piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, 13 gripper designed as a suction lifting device, 14 head of the suction lifting device, 15 annd .: drive motor, 16 vacuum pump, 17 actuation, 18 operating lever, 19 cross beam of the boom as a rotary axis, 20 rotary head of the suction lifting device with a rotary axis running perpendicular to the cross beam, 21 pivotable pivot 21 of the gripper 13, 30 vertical hoses, 23 vacuum hoses, 24 suction punch, 25 vacuum control timepiece, 26 aiming jaws, 27 turning axes of the aiming jaws, 28 adjustment cylinder for the aiming jaws 26, 29 carrying plate for suction stamp 24, 30 paving stones , 31 35 support flange of the suction punch 24, 32 support body of the suction punch 24 with circular cross section, 32a upper part of the support body, 32b lower part of the support body, 33 air duct of the support body, 34 suction bell, 35 suction ring of the suction bell 34 of elastomer material, 40 36 sealing ring between carrier body and suction bell, 37 vacuum 8220445 - 10 - space, 38 return spring for the suction punch 24, 39 carrier tube, 40 annular groove of the carrier plate, 41 adhesive layer, 42 air channel of the suction bell, 43 hinge ball, 44 hinge cup, 45 central bore of the hinge ball, 46 direction of movement of the support tube, 47 direction of movement of the suction bell, 48 fastening screws, 49 O-ring seal.

For the laying of building elements, such as, for example, paving stones, for the manufacture of a load-bearing road deck, the suction lifting device 13 with its suction punches 24 with swiveled jaws 26 is placed on the stones. The adjustment jaws 26 are pivoted inwards by operating the adjusting cylinders 28, so that the individual stones of the entire layer are rectangular and / or rectangular. parallel. This targeting has two different advantages. The laying elements - brought back from their joint pattern by an inevitable shifting of light during transport from the concrete factory to the construction site - are returned to their old position, so that they rest against the suction dies as intended in the grid. Before being lifted by vacuum action, they 20 are precisely aligned at right angles to each other, ensuring a consistent rectangular joint image until the end of laying on the sand top. No further working with correction of the joint pattern is necessary. When the suction lifting device is set up, the pipe cross-section to the negative pressure holder 22 and with it to the vacuum is released. The self-weight of the support plate 29 acts on the return springs 38, which carry this force further on the hinge ball 43 and thus on the support body 32. The return springs damp the bending movement of the support plate.

The support body 32 is slid down so that the sealing ring 36 of elastomeric material placed in the annular groove 40 is compressed. The suction bell 34 sliding into the lower part 32b of the carrier body can compress the sealing ring 36 until the air channels 42 are in communication with the air channels 33. Since a vacuum is continuously present within the central bore 45 of the hinged bulb 43, the suction space 37 enclosed by the suction bell 34 can also be provided with a vacuum at this time. The original outer pressure P wordt is thereby correspondingly reduced to the negative pressure P..

After deposition, the negative pressure in the carrier tube 39, in the connecting central bore 45 of the hinged bulb and in the air duct 33 of the carrier body can be released by a venting device (not shown). in the desired vertical direction.

For manufacturing reasons, at least the bottom part 32 of the carrying body with the air ducts 33 is molded from plastic. The design of the suction bell 34 - also made of plastic - also results in a considerable reduction of the frictional resistance between these parts in the sense of self-lubrication. The sliding action of the suction bell 34 within the lower part 32b prevents the fixing of sucked-in, unavoidable loose grains of sand and concrete particles, which easily lead to malfunctions in the usual valve devices. A vacuum is created within the suction space 37 in the carrying bodies 32 Of the 20 suction dies 24. As a result, the stones are connected immovably to the suction stamp. The entire stone layer can then be pivoted lifted to the laying location. For setting down, the alignment jaws 26 are pivoted from the position shown in Fig. 3 to the starting position 25 (Fig. 4). This pivoting out of the straightening jaws 26 provides a further decisive advantage. The operator's view of the rock layer hanging from the suction dies 24 is fully released. The stone layer can then be placed in the correct addition and placed directly on the sand bed with the aid of the swiveling pin 21 of the gripper rotatable about the vertical axis. When depositing, the suction stamps 24 can be pushed up slightly relative to their support plate 29, compressing the return spring 38, which also serves as a damping spring.

The spherical hinge 43,44 of the lifting body 32 enables the individual suction dies 24 to compensate for unevenness during depositing and unloading.

40 Figures 1 and 2 clearly show the lifting of the 8220445-12 frame frame and the boom arms 6 and the pivoting without moving the driving frame away from the place. Fig. 3 shows how the individual stone layers can be placed next to each other by pivoting in connection with the raising and lowering of the frame frame, the boom arms and by operating the trunnion. This is made possible by the suspension of the suction lifter in cross-coupled form in connection with the rotatability of the entire suction lifter about a vertical axis in connection with the lifting and lowering of the frame frame and of the boom arms. The boom arms in connection with the suction lifting device 13 are pivotally mounted around the pivot 7 on the frame frame 5, wherein a lever plate 8 serves for lifting and lowering in connection with a hydraulic cylinder. Due to the sliding counterweight 4, different carrying moments of the weights of different heavy materials can be compensated depending on the distance of the suction lifting device from the center of gravity of the vehicle.

For the transport of the construction parts of a storage post to be laid, only a single operator is required, although the working performance could be considerably improved in addition to the use option with respect to the hitherto known laying devices.

25

Conclusions 8220445

Claims (19)

Self-propelled device with a driving frame and a suction lifting device attached to at least one adjustable bracket for lifting and moving heavy concrete parts, in particular for laying commercially available paving stones of concrete, characterized in that the suction lifting device (13) is of rectangular design, independently of each other axially and angularly movable suction dies (24) and on all sides against the material to be lifted 10 has pivoting jaws (26), the pipe cross-section of the suction flow of each individual suction punch is released by suitable means upon contact of the suction punch with the material to be lifted. 15 Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each suction stamp (24) consists of a horizontally divided, ball-jointed carrying body (32) for a vertically slidable material thereon (30) to be lifted positionable sleeve-shaped suction bell (34), the jacket of which is provided with several air channels (42), which communicate during lifting with air supply channels (33) arranged inside the carrier body. 25 Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ball joint consists of a ball-shaped body (43) mounted in a cup (44) of the carrying body and is connected via a vertically displaceable carrying tube (39) to an all suction dies receiving support plate (29). Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a return spring (38) surrounding the carrying tube is clamped between the suction dies (24) and the support plate. Device according to any one of claims 8220445 - 14 - 1 to 4, characterized in that the air channels in the support body are arranged in a star shape, the radially outer ends thereof open into an annular groove (40) and the inner ends thereof via a central bore 5 of the articulated ball (43) is connected to a vacuum chamber of the suction lifting device via the hollow space of the carrier tube and a hose line (23) connected thereto. Device according to any one of claims 10 to 5, characterized in that the support tube above the support plate is provided with a lifting limit stop (31). Device according to any one of claims 15 to 6, characterized in that the suction bell is slidably guided in the annular groove of the carrying body, in which a sealing ring (36) of elastomeric material is laid in the growth base and is relaxed condition the radially outer mouth of the air channels 20 closes. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the outer end of the suction bell is framed with a suction ring (35) of elastomeric material. 9. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the sealing ring in the growth base and the suction ring consist of closed-cell foam. 10. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the sealing ring in the growth base and the suction ring are made of foam rubber or cellular rubber. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the part (32b) of the carrying body and the suction bell (34) consist of 40 plastic. 8220445 - 15 - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the chassis (1) has a 360 ° pivotable chassis (2) and a lifting and lowering frame (5), at the outer end of which the bracket (6) is pivotally mounted on a horizontal axis. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the holder consists of two parallel arms, the free ends of which are connected to each other by a transverse support (19) for the suction lifting device (13). Device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the boom arms and / or the frame frame (5) consist of hollow profiles for forming vacuum chambers. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the supporting frame (2) is provided with a slidable counterweight (4). 16. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the suction lifting device is swingably pivoted about horizontally and perpendicularly directed axes. 17. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the suction lifting device is rotatably mounted on the holder arms about a vertical axis. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that shock absorbers reaching shock absorbers extending to the suction lifting device (13) are provided for damping sudden pivoting movements of the carrier tool extension (6). 8220445 - 16 - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that photoelectric cells (probes) for scanning the edge coordinates of bricks already laid are provided on the suction lifting device and with a control and regulating device for precise depositing of the lifted material. 8220445