NL8020472A - COPPER FUEL CATALYST. - Google Patents

Description

S 5935-1 PCT / Ned. elz / yh 802 04 72 P & c 'Copper catalyst for fuels.

The present invention provides an energy-saving fuel additive for gasoline and diesel engines, more particularly including addition to domestic heating oil and light industrial oil (No. 2 and No. 3) and residual and bunker fuels (No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6). This fuel additive contains as active ingredients a predominant amount of picric acid and a minimal amount of cupric sulfate (CuSO 4 Igene H 2 °): (I) Cupric sulfate 0.01 - 0.03% 10 Picric acid 1 - 2% 1 Methanol 35 - 50%; 1 Isopropanol 15 - 5% Toluene 43 - 48%

Nitrobenzene 0.6 - 1.0% 15 Primene 81R 0.5 - 1.0%

In addition, cuprous sulfate may be used in place of cupric sulfate, although this is not preferred. O

The basic additive has two variations, which are also covered by the invention. In one variation, the toluene is replaced with a solvent ratio of, for example, about 10 wt% methanol and 90 wt% isopropanol.

(II) Cupric sulfate 0.01 - 0.03%

Picric acid 1 - 2%

Methanol 35 - 50% 25 Isopropanol 15 - 5%

Methanol / isopropanol 10/90 43 - 48% | Nitrobenzene 0.6 - 1.0%

Primene 81R 0.5 - 1.0% | | The replacement mixture of methanol and isopropanol can be varied to a ratio of 50/50. The purpose of replacing toluene as a result is lower toxicity.

i

According to the second alternative, toluene is replaced by about 10% J imethanol, 45% isopropanol and 45% kerosene. "f

(III) Cupric sulfate 0.01 - 0.0.3% f [^, v. f; h T

| | Methanol 35 - 50% 1 '! Isopropanol 15 - 5% I :::::. 11: ..

! Methanol / isopropanol / 43 - 48% | kerosene 10/45/45 i 40 Nitrobenzene 0.6 - 1, Ö '! "% 8020472

0K072LC

- 2 -

Primene 81R 0.5 - 1.0%

The methanol / isopropanol / kerosene mixture used as a substitute for toluene can be varied to about 25% methanol, 25% isopropanol and 50% kerosene. This alternative, which contains kerosene, serves to control costs.

The further developments related to the invention, but for which no rights are claimed here, are as follows.

A further product, which aims to give a high flash point in gasoline, contains: 10 (IV) Green basic copper carbonate hydroxide, C ^ CO ^ (Off) ^ 1 - 3%

Picric acid 1—- 2%

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 3 - 7% n.butanol 10 - 25%, Kerosene 65 - 74% 15,

Nitrobenzene 0.04 - 0.1.2% j

Primene 81R 0.02-0.10% Further related to the present compositions is a high flash point diesel mixture containing: ......

| (V) Iron Elemental 0.01 - 0.03%

Picric acid 1-2%

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) 4 - 6%.

n.butanol 15 - 25%! Kerosene 70 - 74% \ Nitrobenzene 0.05 - 1%

Primene 81R 0.05 - 1%

State of the art

Of primary importance compared to the known patent literature are three patents of Dr. Harry M. Webb, transferred to XRG International, inc. According to this group of patents, namely U.S. 4,099,930, U.S. 4,129,421; ! and U.S. 4,145,190, ferrous sulfate is used in combination with picric acid, while water is present in the solvent medium. The present add-on! majority are based on cupric sulfate in combination with j | picric acid and in the absence of water. Another patent is L. 1,669,181.

35; J Of primary interest in the present application and invention is the base composition, using cupric sulfate in place of the: | prior art ferrous sulfate from Webb. It was found that it; The present copper-containing mixture is more active and more potent at 070472

0U022LC

- 3 - fuel then gives the previously used ferrous compositions. The preferred components of additive I are:

Cupric sulfate (no water) 0.02%

Picric acid 1.5% 5 Methanol 35%

Isopropanol 15%

Toluene 48.3%

Nitrobenzene 0.8%

Primene 81R 0.5% 10 The preferred components of Additive II are the same as the preferred components of Additive I, but the toluene is replaced by a combination of 10% methanol and 90% isopropanol.

The preferred components of Additive III are the same as the preferred components of Additive I, but the toluene is replaced with a combination of 10% methanol, 45% isopropanol and 45% kerosene. All percentages are weight percentages.

Related products covered by the invention are compositions which are related to high flash point gasoline and which employ the following preferred components: 20 | Green basic copper carbonate | hydroxide 2%

Picric acid 11.5%

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) 5% n.butanol 20% 25 Kerosene 71.3%

Nitrobenzene 0.08%

Primene 81R 0.05% I In another formulation for high flash point diesel oil, the following preferred components are used: ijQ Elemental Iron 0.1% i Picric Acid 1.5% | Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 5% n.butanol 20% I Kerosene 73.2% 35 Nitrobenzene 0.08% y | Primene 81R 0.05%

The constituents i Copper Sulphate. The copper sulfate suitable according to the invention; is cupric sulfate, preferably the dehydrated variety CuSO4. no H ^ O.

8020472

0V.022LC

- 4 -

Tests have shown that the synergistic catalytic activity of this compound far exceeds that of the previously used iron or ferrous sulfate.

Picric acid. This trinitrophenol acts synergistically with the cuprous sulfate 5 to give the active component of the invention.

The aromatic solvents. Toluene is preferably used as the aromatic solvent. Among the possible alkylbenzenes, toluene, ortho, meta-r and paraxylene are preferred and the mesityles are useful. In some of the present applications, the toluene 10 is replaced by other less toxic solvents.

The alcoholic solvents. Among the lower alkanols which are suitable according to the invention, methanol and isopropanol are preferred, although any lower alkanol of 1-6 carbon atoms can be straight or branched chain. Of further interest is normal butanol which is used in the composition intended to give a high flash point.

Nitrobenzene. This compound is used as a further solvent. It is miscible with alkanols and is a particularly good organic solvent for the picric acid.

20 Primene. Primenes are tertiary alkylamines, which are a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R ^ (R ^) (R ^ JCNH ^ f in which the amino group is bonded to a tertiary carbon atom. The amines used according to the invention are Primene 81R and Primene JM-T with the 81R being preferred These amines are antioxidants and stabilizers for fuel oils and jet fuels.

Example 1 Before carrying out tests, the catalytic converters were removed from all vehicles. The pilot program began with a baseline federal test method (Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and Highway Fuel Economy Test, (HFET) test 30. Then duplicate FTP and HFET tests were performed to verify that the data The first additive was then combined with the commercial unleaded fuel in the amount of 28.35 g (1 ounce) additive per 45.42 l 35 (12 gallons) of fuel. / HFET test series performed and duplicate tests followed immediately thereafter.

The catalytic converters were welded in place before the next run. Baseline FTP and HFET tests were performed and duplicate baseline tests followed. The same additive, dafcoyoor 8020472

ÜK022LC

Test without catalytic converters was used, then added in the same 12: 1 ratio. FTP / HFET additive tests were performed on all vehicles with duplicate tests immediately thereafter.

The catalytic converters were removed again. Then, each vehicle drove 643.6 km (400 miles) in total, mileage was measured according to a road / city traffic schedule according to Automative Environmental Systems, Ine. This mileage was driven with XRG additive in the commercial unleaded fuel. The additive used for mileage and for the tests carried out after the driving schedule was not the same additive as used in the previous test runs. All additives were not labeled. After the driving program of the aforementioned mileage, FTP / HFET series were again performed with the vehicles with duplicate tests.

The vehicles ran an average of 2690 km (1672 miles) between the baseline FTP / HFET test and the driving schedule with the second add-on. The Chevrolet Monte Carlo (no. 0051) covered 2560 km (1591 miles); the Ford LTD (no. 0052) covered 2780 km (1740 miles); and the Buick Regal (no. 0053) covered 2,713 km (1,686 miles). These mileage were driven with and without catalytic converters, with unleaded commercial fuel and with unleaded commercial fuel with an additive.

Table 1 relates to cupric sulfate having the composition of the invention, designated as additive I.

Table 2 refers to ferrous sulfate using the composition disclosed in column 1 of Webb's U.S. Patent No. 4,145,190.

8020472

Ol'O / '-' LC

- 6 TABLE 1 Cupric Sulphate

Fuel Saving Summary

Vehicle no. Test Without allow- With allowance% Change; _ _ grout grout _ CX051 FTP 14,439 14,971 +3,7 HFET 18,933 19,760 +4,4 CX0052 FTP 13,724 14,669 +6,9 HFET 20,477 22,055 +7,7 10 CX0053 FTP 14,969 16,159 +7,9 HFET 19,281 21,185 +9 , 9, Average over FTP 14,359 15,240 + 6.1 total HOT i9 / 542 20,957 + 7.2 TABLE 2, Ferrous sulfate 15

Fuel Saving Summary

Vehicle no. Trial Without add- With% Change __ _ grout 'grout _ CX0051 FTP 14,182 14,345 +1.1 HFET 19,125 19,380 +1,3 20 CX0052 FTP 14,088 14,999 +6,5 HFET 22,864 22,798 -0,3 CX0053 FTP 15,793 15,582 -1.3 HFET 20,554 19,852 -3.4

Average over FTP 14,648 14,958 +2.1 25 total HFET 20,736 20,571 -0.8 8020472 i

Claims (10)

A fuel additive for jet engines, internal combustion engines and diesel engines, consisting of an active ingredient composition containing a mixture of picric acid and cupric sulfate in a ratio of about 0.01 to 0.75 - 1.0 of cupric sulfate to picric acid, as weight percent, in a mixed solvent of methanol, isopropanol, toluene, nitrobenzene and primene 81R. 2. Additive consisting of the following composition: Cuprisulfate 0.01 - 0.03% 10 Picric acid 1—2% Methanol 35 - 50% Isopropanol 15 - 5% Toluene 43 - 48% Nitrobenzene 0.6 - 1.0% 15 Primene 81R 0.5 - 1.0% The additive of claim 2, wherein the cupric sulfate is used with a solvent of about 10% methanol and 90% isopropanol instead of toluene to reduce toxicity. Additive according to claim 2, wherein a solvent combination of 10% methanol, 45% isopropanol and 45% kerosene replaces the toluene. 5 Primene 81R 0.5 - 1.0% A method for using a fuel additive for jet engines, internal combustion engines and diesel engines, consisting of an active ingredient composition containing a mixture of picric acid and cupric sulfate in a ratio of cupric sulfate to 25 cupric acid from 0.01 to 0.75 - 1 .0, as weight percent, in a solvent mixture of methanol, isopropanol, toluene, nitrobenzene and Primene 81R. 6. Method for utilizing a fuel additive for jet engines, internal combustion engines and diesel engines, characterized in that an active ingredient composition is used, comprising a mixture of picric acid and cupric sulphate in a ratio of cupric sulphate and picric acid of about 0 0.01 to 0.75-1.0 as a weight percent in a solvent mixture of methanol, isopropanol, toluene, nitrobenzene and Primene 81R. 7. Process for the application of an additive for jet engines, internal combustion engines1 and diesel engines, characterized in that a composition as follows is added: Cuprisulfate 0.01 - 0.03% I Picric acid 1—2% 8020472 01-y = 022t-C v '- * - 8 - Methanol 35 - 50% Isopropanol 15 - 5% Toluene 43 - 48% Nitrobenzene 0.6 - 1.0% 8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the cupric sulfate is used with a solvent of about 10% methanol and 90% isopropanol to replace the toluene in order to reduce the toxicity. 9. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that a solvent combination of approx. 10% methanol, 45% isopropanol and 45% kerosene to replace toluene. * 920472