WO1982001717A1 - Copper catalyst for fuels - Google Patents

Copper catalyst for fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1982001717A1
WO1982001717A1 PCT/US1980/001509 US8001509W WO8201717A1 WO 1982001717 A1 WO1982001717 A1 WO 1982001717A1 US 8001509 W US8001509 W US 8001509W WO 8201717 A1 WO8201717 A1 WO 8201717A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
methanol
toluene
isopropyl alcohol
cupric sulfate
picric acid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1980/001509
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Int Inc Xrg
Original Assignee
Hart Rien T
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hart Rien T filed Critical Hart Rien T
Priority to NL8020472A priority Critical patent/NL8020472A/en
Priority to BR8009120A priority patent/BR8009120A/en
Priority to PCT/US1980/001509 priority patent/WO1982001717A1/en
Priority to DE19803050641 priority patent/DE3050641A1/en
Priority to EP19810900105 priority patent/EP0064494A4/en
Priority to GB8219351A priority patent/GB2099850A/en
Priority to JP50025781A priority patent/JPS57501854A/ja
Priority to AU66457/81A priority patent/AU6645781A/en
Priority to PCT/US1980/001530 priority patent/WO1982001718A1/en
Priority to DE19803050640 priority patent/DE3050640A1/en
Priority to GB8219352A priority patent/GB2099774A/en
Priority to EP19800902355 priority patent/EP0064974A4/en
Priority to NL8020447A priority patent/NL8020447A/en
Priority to BR8009121A priority patent/BR8009121A/en
Priority to JP50010580A priority patent/JPS57501853A/ja
Priority to AT0915880A priority patent/ATA915880A/en
Publication of WO1982001717A1 publication Critical patent/WO1982001717A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1208—Inorganic compounds elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1275—Inorganic compounds sulfur, tellurium, selenium containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention is an energy-saving fuel additive for gasoline and diesel engines which more particularly includes addition to domestic heating and light industrial oil (#2 and #3) and residual and bunker fuels (#4, #5, and #6).
  • This fuel additive comprises as active ingredients a major proportion of picric acid and a minimum proportion of cupric sulfate (CuSO 4 ⁇ no H 2 O) :
  • cuprous sulfate may be utilized in lieu of cupric sulfate, although not preferred.
  • the basic additive has two variations which are included in the present invention.
  • One variation replaces the toluene with a solvent ratio of preferred about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol by weight.
  • Primene 81R .5 - 1.0% The methanol/isopropyl alcohol substitution may be varied up to 50/50. The purpose of the substitution for toluene lies in the lesser toxicity values.
  • a second alternative replaces toluene with about 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene:
  • the methanol/isopropyl alcohol/kerosene substitution for toluene may be varied to about 25% methanol, 25% isopropyl alcohol, and 50% kerosene. This alternative which includes kerosene is for cost conservation.
  • An additional product which is targeted towards high flash point in gasoline comprises:
  • MIBK Methyl isobutyl ketone
  • additive I Of primary interest in the present application and invention is the basic formulation which substitutes cupric sulfate for ferrous sulfate in the Webb prior art. It has been found that the present copper composition is more active and imparts more power to the fuel than the ferrous compositions previously used.
  • the preferred components of additive I are:
  • additive II are the same as the preferred components of additive I but the toluene is replaced by a combination of 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol.
  • additive III are the same as the preferred components of additive I but the toluene is replaced by a combination of 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene. All are percent by weight.
  • compositions related to a high flash point gasoline which utilizes the following preferred components:
  • MIBK Methyl isobutyl ketone 5%
  • Another high flash point diesel formulation utilizes the following preferred components:
  • MIBK Methyl isobutyl ketone 5%
  • the copper sulfate which is useful in this invention is cupric sulfate, preferably the dehydrated variety CuSO 4 ⁇ no H 2 O. Experiments have shown that the synergistic catalytic activity of this compound exceeds that of iron or ferrous sulfate previously used by a substantial degree.
  • Picric Acid This trinitrophenol acts synergistically with the cuprous sulfate to give the active component of this invention.
  • toluene is. utilized.
  • alkyl benzenes alkyl benzenes
  • para-xylenes alkyl benzenes
  • mesitylenes are operable.
  • toluene is replaced with other less toxic solvents.
  • the Alcoholic Solvents Of the lower alkanols useful in this invention methyl alcohol and isopropanol are preferred, although any C 1 -C 6 lower alkanol straight- or branch-chain can be used. Of additional interest is normal butyl alcohol which is used in the formulation designed to give a high flash point.
  • Nitrobenzene This compound is utilized as an additional solvent. It is miscible with alkanols and is a superior organic solvent for the picric acid.
  • Primene are tertiary alkylamines which are a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R 1 (R 2 ) (R 3 )CNH 2 in which the amino group is linked to a tertiary carbon atom.
  • the amines utilized in this invention are Primene 81R and Primene JM-T, with the 81R preferred. These amines are anti-oxidants and stabilizers for fuel oils and jet fuels.
  • the catalytic converters were welded in position prior to the next test series. Baseline FTP and HFET tests were conducted and replicate baseline tests followed. The same additive used for testing without catalytic converters was then added at the same 12:1 ratio. FTP/HFET testing with additive was performed on all vehicles with replicate tests immediately thereafter.
  • the vehicles incurred an average of 1672 miles.
  • the Chevrolet Monte Carlo (#0051) had 1591 miles; the Ford LTD (#0052) had 1740 miles; and the Buick Regal (#0053) had 1686 miles.
  • the miles were accumulated with and without catalytic converters, with commercial unleaded fuel and with commercial unleaded fuel with an additive.
  • Table 1 relates to cupric sulfate with the formulation of this invention designated additive I.
  • Table 2 relates to ferrous sulfate using the formula as noted in Webb US Patent 4,145,190, column 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Improved energy-saving fuel additive for jet engines, gasoline and diesel engines, including additions to domestic heating and light industrial oils (#2 and #3) and residual or bunker fuel (#4, #5, and #6), which comprises as active ingredients a catalytic mixture of a major proportion of picric acid and a minor proportion of cupric sulfate. Cupric sulfate .01 - .03%; Picric acid 1 - 2%; Methanol 35 - 50%; Isopropyl alcohol 15 - 5%; Toluene 43 - 48%; Nitrobenzene .6 - 1.0%; Primene 81R .5 - 1.0%. Additional variations include (1) the replacement of the toluene with about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol for toxicity reasons and (2) replacement of the toluene with 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene as a cost-reducing factor. A preferred additive is: Cupric sulfate .02%; Picric acid 1.54%; Methanol 35%; Isopropyl alcohol 15%; Toluene 48.3%; Nitrobenzene .8%; Primene 81R .05%

Description

COPPER CATALYST FOR FUELS
The present invention is an energy-saving fuel additive for gasoline and diesel engines which more particularly includes addition to domestic heating and light industrial oil (#2 and #3) and residual and bunker fuels (#4, #5, and #6). This fuel additive comprises as active ingredients a major proportion of picric acid and a minimum proportion of cupric sulfate (CuSO4·no H2O) :
(I) Cupric sulfate .01 - .03%
Picric acid 1 - 2%
Methanol 35 - 50% Isopropyl alcohol 15 - 5%
Toluene 43 - 48% Nitrobenzene .6 - 1.0%
Primene 81R .5 - 1.0%
Additionally, cuprous sulfate may be utilized in lieu of cupric sulfate, although not preferred.
The basic additive has two variations which are included in the present invention. One variation replaces the toluene with a solvent ratio of preferred about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol by weight.
(II) Cupric sulfate .01 - .03%
Picric acid 1 - 2% Methanol. 35 - 50%
Isopropyl alcohol 15 - 5%
Methanol/isopropyl alcohol 10/90 43 - 48%
Nitrobenzene .6 - 1.0%
Primene 81R .5 - 1.0% The methanol/isopropyl alcohol substitution may be varied up to 50/50. The purpose of the substitution for toluene lies in the lesser toxicity values. A second alternative replaces toluene with about 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene:
(III) Cupric sulfate .01 - .03%
Picric acid 1 - 2%
Methanol 35 - 50%
Isopropyl alcohol 15 - 5%
Methanol/isopropyl 43 - 48% alcohol/kerosene
10/45/45
Nitrobenzene .6 - 1.0%
Primene SIR .5 - 1.0%
The methanol/isopropyl alcohol/kerosene substitution for toluene may be varied to about 25% methanol, 25% isopropyl alcohol, and 50% kerosene. This alternative which includes kerosene is for cost conservation.
The added developments which are related to this invention but not claimed in this application are as follows.
An additional product which is targeted towards high flash point in gasoline comprises:
(IV) Green basic copper carbonate hydroxide, Cu2CO3 (OH)2 1 - 3%
Picric acid 1 - 2%
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 3 - 7%
N-butyl alcohol 10 - 25%
Kerosene 65 - 74% Nitrobenzene .04 - .12%
Primene 81R .02 - .10% Additionally, related to the present compositions is a diesel high flash point formulation comprises:
(V) Elemental iron .01-.03%
Picric acid 1 - 2% Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 4 - 6%
N-butyl alcohol 15 - 25%
Kerosene 70 - 74%
Nitrobenzene .05 - 1%
Primene 81R .05 - 1%
Prior Art
Of primary interest relative to patent prior art are three patents of Dr. Harry M. Webb, assigned to XRG International, Inc. This group of patents; namely, US 4,099,930, US 4,129,421, and US 4,145,190, utilizes ferrous sulfate in conjunction with picric acid and includes water in the solvent milieu. The present additives in the majority are based upon cupric sulfate in conjunction with picric acid in the absence of water. Another patent is US 1,669,181,
Of primary interest in the present application and invention is the basic formulation which substitutes cupric sulfate for ferrous sulfate in the Webb prior art. It has been found that the present copper composition is more active and imparts more power to the fuel than the ferrous compositions previously used. The preferred components of additive I are:
Cupric sulfate (no water) .02%
Picric acid 1.5%
Methanol 35%
Isopropyl alcohol 15%
Toluene 48.3% Nitrobenzene .8% Primene 81R .5%
The preferred components of additive II are the same as the preferred components of additive I but the toluene is replaced by a combination of 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol.
The preferred components of additive III are the same as the preferred components of additive I but the toluene is replaced by a combination of 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene. All are percent by weight.
Related products which are included in this invention are compositions related to a high flash point gasoline which utilizes the following preferred components:
Green basic copper carbonate hydroxide 2%
Picric acid 1.5%
Methyl isobutyl ketone 5% (MIBK)
N-butyl alcohol 20%
Kerosene 71.3%
Nitrobenzene .08%
Primene 81R .05%
Another high flash point diesel formulation utilizes the following preferred components:
Elemental iron .1%
Picric acid 1.5%
Methyl isobutyl ketone 5% (MIBK)
N-butyl alcohol 20%
Kerosene 73.2% Nitrobenzene .08%
Primene 81R .05%
The Ingredients
Copper Sulfate. The copper sulfate which is useful in this invention is cupric sulfate, preferably the dehydrated variety CuSO4·no H2O. Experiments have shown that the synergistic catalytic activity of this compound exceeds that of iron or ferrous sulfate previously used by a substantial degree.
Picric Acid. This trinitrophenol acts synergistically with the cuprous sulfate to give the active component of this invention.
The Aromatic Solvents. Preferably as aromatic solvent, toluene is. utilized. Of the alkyl benzenes possible, toluene, ortho-, meta-, and para-xylenes are preferred and the mesitylenes are operable. In some of the applications herein the toluene is replaced with other less toxic solvents.
The Alcoholic Solvents. Of the lower alkanols useful in this invention methyl alcohol and isopropanol are preferred, although any C1 -C6 lower alkanol straight- or branch-chain can be used. Of additional interest is normal butyl alcohol which is used in the formulation designed to give a high flash point.
Nitrobenzene. This compound is utilized as an additional solvent. It is miscible with alkanols and is a superior organic solvent for the picric acid.
Primene. Primenes are tertiary alkylamines which are a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R1 (R2) (R3)CNH2 in which the amino group is linked to a tertiary carbon atom. The amines utilized in this invention are Primene 81R and Primene JM-T, with the 81R preferred. These amines are anti-oxidants and stabilizers for fuel oils and jet fuels.
Example 1
Prior to testing, all vehicles had their catalytic converters removed. The test sequence began with a baseline Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and Highway Fuel Economy test (HFET). Next replicate FTP and HFET tests were performed to verify data repeatability. Following this the first additive was combined with the commercial unleaded fuel at a ratio of 1 ounce of additive for every 12 gallons of fuel. An FTP/HFET test series was performed and replicate tests followed immediately.
The catalytic converters were welded in position prior to the next test series. Baseline FTP and HFET tests were conducted and replicate baseline tests followed. The same additive used for testing without catalytic converters was then added at the same 12:1 ratio. FTP/HFET testing with additive was performed on all vehicles with replicate tests immediately thereafter.
The catalytic converters were again removed. Next each vehicle received 400 miles of mileage accumulation using the Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc. highway/city mileage accumulation driving schedule. The mileage accumulation was done with XRG additive in the commercial unleaded fuel. The additiva used for the mileage accumulation and the tests following mileage accumulation was not the same additive used in the previous test series. All additives were unmarked. After mileage accumulation the vehicles received FTP/HFET series with replicate tests.
Between the baseline FTP/HFET and the mileage accumulation with the second additive, the vehicles incurred an average of 1672 miles. The Chevrolet Monte Carlo (#0051) had 1591 miles; the Ford LTD (#0052) had 1740 miles; and the Buick Regal (#0053) had 1686 miles. The miles were accumulated with and without catalytic converters, with commercial unleaded fuel and with commercial unleaded fuel with an additive.
Table 1 relates to cupric sulfate with the formulation of this invention designated additive I.
Table 2 relates to ferrous sulfate using the formula as noted in Webb US Patent 4,145,190, column 1.
TABLE 1
Cupric Sulfate Fuel Economy Summary
Without With
Vehicle No. Test Additive Additive % Change
CX051 FTP 14.439 14.971 +3.7
HFET 18.933 19.760 +4.4
CX0052 FTP 13.724 14.669 + 6. 9
HFET 20.477 22.055 +7.7
CX0053 FTP 14.969 16.159 +7.9
HFET 19.281 21.185 +9.9
Fleet FTP 14.359 15.240 +6.1
HFET 19 .542 20 . 957 +7 . 2
TABLE 2
Ferrous Sulfate Fuel Economy Summary
Without With
Vehicle No. Test Additive Additive % Change
CX0051 FTP 14.182 14.345 +1.1
HFET 19.125 19.380 +1.3
CX0052 FTP 14.088 14.999 +6.5
HFET 22.864 22.798 -0.3
CX0053 FTP 15.793 15.582 -1.3
HFET 20.554 19.852 -3.4
Fleet FTP 14.648 14.958 +2.1
HFET 20.736 20.571 -0.8

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A fuel additive for jet, internal combustion, and diesel engines consisting of an active ingredient formulation comprising a mixture of picric acid and cupric sulfate in a relationship of about .01 to .75-1.0 cupric sulfate to picric acid by weight percent in a mixed solvent of methanol, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, nitrobenzene, and Primene 81R.
An additive consisting of the following make up:
Cupric sulfate .01 - .03% Picric acid 1 - 2%
Methanol 35 - 50%
Isopropyl alcohol 15 - 5%
Toluene 43 - 48%
Nitrobenzene .6 - 1.0%
Primene 81R .5 - 1-0%
3. The additive according to Claim 2 wherein the cupric sulfate is utilized with a solvent of about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol in place of toluene to lessen toxicity.
4. The additive according to Claim 2 wherein a combination solvent of 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene replaces the toluene.
5. A method of utilizing a fuel additive for jet, internal combustion, and diesel engines consisting of an active ingredient formulation comprising a mixture of picric acid and cupric sulfate in a relationship of about .01 to .75-1.0 cupric sulfate to picric acid by weight percent in a mixed solvent of methanol, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, nitrobenzene, and Primene 81R.
6. In a method for utilizing a fuel additive for jet, internal combustion, and diesel engines which consists of the step of utilizing an active ingredien formulation comprising a mixture of picric acid and cupric sulfate in a relationship of about .01 to .75-1.0 cupric sulfate to picric acid by weight percent in a mixed solvent of methanol, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, nitrobenzene, and Primene 81R.
7. A method for utilizing an additive for jet, internal combustion, and diesel engines which comprises adding a composition as follows:
Cupric sulfate .01 - .03%
Picric acid 1 - 2%
Methanol 35 - 50%
Isopropyl alcohol 15 - 5%
Toluene 43 - 48%
Nitrobenzene .6 - 1.0%
Primene 81R .5 - 1.0%
8. The method according to Claim 7 wherein the cupric sulfate is utilized with a solvent of about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol in substitution of toluene and to lessen toxicity.
9. The method according to Claim 7 wherein ther is utilized a combination solvent of about 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene in substitution of toluene.
PCT/US1980/001509 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels WO1982001717A1 (en)

Priority Applications (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8020472A NL8020472A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 COPPER FUEL CATALYST.
BR8009120A BR8009120A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 COPPER CATALYST FOR FUELS
PCT/US1980/001509 WO1982001717A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels
DE19803050641 DE3050641A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 COPPER CATALYST FOR FUELS
EP19810900105 EP0064494A4 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels.
GB8219351A GB2099850A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels
JP50025781A JPS57501854A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12
AU66457/81A AU6645781A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels
PCT/US1980/001530 WO1982001718A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 High flash points additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels
DE19803050640 DE3050640A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 ADDITIVES OR COMPOSITIONS FOR GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUELS TO INCREASE THE FLASH POINT
GB8219352A GB2099774A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 High flash point additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels
EP19800902355 EP0064974A4 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 High flash point additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels.
NL8020447A NL8020447A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 ADDITIVES OR COMPOSITIONS FOR PETROL AND DIESEL FUELS TO INCREASE THE FLASH POINT.
BR8009121A BR8009121A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 HIGH FLASH POINT ADDITIVES OR COMPOSITES FOR GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUELS
JP50010580A JPS57501853A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17
AT0915880A ATA915880A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 ADDITION TO THE FLASH POINT FOR GASOLINE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOUS80/01509801112 1980-11-12
PCT/US1980/001509 WO1982001717A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1982001717A1 true WO1982001717A1 (en) 1982-05-27

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PCT/US1980/001509 WO1982001717A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels
PCT/US1980/001530 WO1982001718A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 High flash points additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1980/001530 WO1982001718A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 High flash points additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels

Country Status (8)

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EP (2) EP0064494A4 (en)
JP (2) JPS57501854A (en)
AU (1) AU6645781A (en)
BR (1) BR8009120A (en)
DE (1) DE3050641A1 (en)
GB (2) GB2099850A (en)
NL (2) NL8020472A (en)
WO (2) WO1982001717A1 (en)

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EP0630958A1 (en) * 1993-06-28 1994-12-28 Chemadd Limited Fuel additives
US5984984A (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-11-16 Ahmed; Syed Habib Fuel additive comprising aliphatic amine, paraffin and cyclic hydrocarbon

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CN1896197B (en) * 2006-06-26 2011-04-06 于涛 Methanol modified mixer
USD879408S1 (en) 2016-06-06 2020-03-31 Mondelez Europe Gmbh Cracker
USD862834S1 (en) 2016-06-27 2019-10-15 Mondelez Europe Gmbh Cracker
USD887666S1 (en) 2017-05-19 2020-06-23 Generale Biscuit Food bar

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US1820983A (en) * 1926-02-15 1931-09-01 Standard Oil Dev Co Heavy oil fuel
US4099930A (en) * 1977-04-01 1978-07-11 Natural Resources Guardianship International, Inc. Catalytic fuel additive for gasoline and diesel engines
US4129421A (en) * 1977-04-01 1978-12-12 Natural Resources Guardianship International, Inc. Catalytic fuel additive for jet, gasoline, diesel, and bunker fuels
US4145190A (en) * 1977-06-24 1979-03-20 Natural Resources Guardianship International, Inc. Catalytic fuel additive for jet, gasoline, diesel, and bunker fuels
US4242100A (en) * 1979-10-15 1980-12-30 Tri-Pak, Inc. Motor fuel composition

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Cited By (5)

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EP0630958A1 (en) * 1993-06-28 1994-12-28 Chemadd Limited Fuel additives
US5538522A (en) * 1993-06-28 1996-07-23 Chemadd Limited Fuel additives and method
GB2280200B (en) * 1993-06-28 1997-08-06 Exonflame Limited Fuel oil additives
US5700301A (en) * 1993-06-28 1997-12-23 Chemadd Limited Fuel additives and method
US5984984A (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-11-16 Ahmed; Syed Habib Fuel additive comprising aliphatic amine, paraffin and cyclic hydrocarbon

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0064494A1 (en) 1982-11-17
GB2099850A (en) 1982-12-15
EP0064974A4 (en) 1983-03-15
JPS57501853A (en) 1982-10-14
BR8009120A (en) 1982-10-13
EP0064974A1 (en) 1982-11-24
JPS57501854A (en) 1982-10-14
NL8020472A (en) 1982-10-01
DE3050641A1 (en) 1982-12-30
WO1982001718A1 (en) 1982-05-27
EP0064494A4 (en) 1983-03-15
AU6645781A (en) 1982-06-07
NL8020447A (en) 1982-10-01
GB2099774A (en) 1982-12-15

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