NL2033208B1 - Cyclic utilization system and method of subsiding water ring ditch for paddy field of saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

Cyclic utilization system and method of subsiding water ring ditch for paddy field of saline-alkali soil Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2033208B1
NL2033208B1 NL2033208A NL2033208A NL2033208B1 NL 2033208 B1 NL2033208 B1 NL 2033208B1 NL 2033208 A NL2033208 A NL 2033208A NL 2033208 A NL2033208 A NL 2033208A NL 2033208 B1 NL2033208 B1 NL 2033208B1
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Prior art keywords
water
paddy field
saline
fertilizer
salt
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NL2033208A
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Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Tang Dong
Jiang Caige
Bai Yangyang
Li Weiqian
Ma Tinghui
Zhou Lina
Wang Fang
Hong Yu
Mao Xinping
Liu Ruliang
Chen Gang
Mu Yangxiu
Wu Xia
Zhao Ying
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Inst Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Ningxia Academy Of Agro Forestry Science Ningxia Key
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems

Abstract

Disclosed is a cyclic utilization system and method of a subsiding water ring ditch for a paddy 5 field of saline-alkali soil. According to environmental information of the paddy field collected by a data collection system, a control system analyses and determines days for soaking the paddy field and times for washing salt with improver injected by a saline-alkali improvement system into the paddy field as well as a field surface level of water-fertilizer mixture injected by a water- fertilizer integration system into the paddy field; the saline-alkali improvement system and the 10 water-fertilizer integration system inject the water-fertilizer mixture obtained by mixing the improver or liquid fertilizer with irrigation water into the paddy field through a water layer regulation and control system, and the water-fertilizer mixture enters a subsiding water ring ditch of the paddy field; and the water-fertilizer mixture to be drained in the subsiding water ring ditch flows successively through a buffer channel and an ecological channel to return to the subsiding water 15 ring ditch. In the present invention, according to the environmental data of water and soil of farmland, the saline-alkali improvement system, the water-fertilizer integration system and a paddy field water layer regulation system are used for improving the saline-alkali soil; and the subsiding water ring ditch, the buffer channel and the ecological channel are communicated, so that nutrients in the subsiding water are absorbed and consumed sufficiently through the cyclic 20 utilization of water-fertilizer resources, thereby achieving a purpose of preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution.

Description

CYCLIC UTILIZATION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SUBSIDING WATER RING DITCH FOR
PADDY FIELD OF SALINE-ALKALI SOIL
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to the technical field of improvement of agricultural saline- alkali soil and agricultural non-point source pollution control, and specifically relates to a cyclic utilization system and method of a subsiding water ring ditch for a paddy field of saline-alkali soil, more specifically to a water resource cyclic utilization technology which is conducive to the improvement of the saline-alkali soil and the non-point source pollution prevention and control for the subsiding water of the paddy field.
Background
In a process of rice planting in saline-alkali soil, there are phenomena such as unsuitable irrigation and drainage systems, flooding of excessive water, blocked drainage and the like, which may cause secondary salinization; at the same time, the application of excessive chemical fertilizer, and the salt drainage phenomenon by flood may lead to the loss of a great amount of nitrogen and phospharus along with the subsiding water of farmland; and the polluted subsiding water of the farmland enters drainage ditches at all levels, which may bring about more environmental pressure to the receiving water such as rivers and lakes, and cause the potential risk of non-point source pollution in drainage areas. Therefore, in order to improve the saline- alkali soil and effectively prevent and control the non-point source pollution of the subsiding water of the paddy field, it is of great significance in managing the saline-alkali improvement, fertilization application, irrigation and drainage and cyclic utilization of water-fertilizer resources in the paddy field of the saline-alkali soil.
In the prior art, farmland ditches, reservoirs/ponds or built ecological treatment facilities outside the farmland are generally used for performing ecological treatment for the subsiding water of the farmland; however, there is no process and technology of utilizing the saline-alkali improvement system and the cyclic utilization of the subsiding water ring ditch of the paddy field to improve the saline-alkali soil and achieve the prevention and control of the agricultural non- point source pollution on the premise of ensuring the stable and high yield of crops.
Therefore, how to provide a cyclic utilization system and method of a subsiding water ring ditch for a paddy field of saline-alkali soil, which is conducive to the improvement of the saline- alkali soil and the prevention and control of the non-point source pollution of the subsiding water in the paddy field, is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Summary
In view of this, the present invention provides a cyclic utilization system and method of a subsiding water ring ditch for a paddy field of saline-alkali soil, to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
To realize the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
The present invention discloses a cyclic utilization system of a subsiding water ring ditch for a paddy field of saline-alkali soil, which includes a control system, a data collection system, a saline-alkali improvement system, a water-fertilizer integration system, a paddy field water layer regulation and control system and a paddy field with a subsiding water ring ditch, a buffer channel and an ecological channel.
According to the environmental information of the paddy field collected by the data collection system, the control system analyses and determines days for soaking the paddy field and times for washing salt with improver injected by the saline-alkali improvement system into the paddy field as well as a field surface level of water-fertilizer mixture injected by the water-fertilizer integration system into the paddy field, and sends control information to a paddy field water layer regulation system, the saline-alkali improvement system and the water-fertilizer integration system.
The saline-alkali improvement system and the water-fertilizer integration system inject the water-fertilizer mixture obtained by mixing improver with irrigation water, and/or the water-fertilizer mixture obtained by mixing liquid fertilizer with the irrigation water into the paddy field through the paddy field water layer regulation and control system, and the water-fertilizer mixture enters a subsiding water ring ditch with a ring ditch formed on the periphery of the paddy field.
The subsiding water ring ditch is communicated to the ecological channel through the buffer channel, and the ecological channel is communicated to the subsiding water ring ditch, to form a cyclic waterway; and the water-fertilizer mixture to be drained in the subsiding water ring ditch flows successively through the buffer channel and the ecological channel to return to the subsiding water ring ditch.
Preferably, the data collection system includes a temperature sensor, a soil moisture monitor and a radar water level indicator; and the control system analyses and determines the field surface level of the water-fertilizer mixture injected by the water-fertilizer integration system into the paddy field according to the data collected by the temperature sensor, the soil moisture monitor and the radar water level indicator.
Preferably, the data collection system includes a pH value sensor, a soil salinity sensor and a water mineralization sensor; and the control system analyses and determines the days for soaking the paddy field and the times for washing salt with the improver injected by the saline- alkali improvement system into the paddy field according to the data collected by the pH value sensor, the soil salinity sensor and the water mineralization sensor.
Preferably, the control system includes a data analysis module and a control base station; the control base station is installed nearby the paddy field and converts the control information sent by the data analysis module into a wireless signal to be sent to the paddy field water layer regulation system, the saline-alkali improvement system and the water-fertilizer integration system.
Preferably, the paddy field water layer regulation system includes a reservoir, a water pump, a flowmeter, an irrigation gate and a drainage gate; the control system controls on/off of the water pump, the irrigation gate and the drainage gate; the water pump is arranged on a path from the reservoir to the saline-alkali improvement system/water-fertilizer integration system/paddy field; the irrigation gate is arranged on a path from the reservoir/saline-alkali improvement system/water-fertilizer integration system to the paddy field; and the drainage gate is arranged on a path from the paddy field to the subsiding water ring ditch.
Preferably, the saline-alkali improvement system includes a saline-alkali improver injection pump and a saline-alkali improver mixing apparatus; the saline-alkali improver injection pump and the reservoir both are communicated to the saline-alkali improver mixing apparatus; and the saline-alkali improver mixing apparatus is communicated to the irrigation gate, so that the liquid saline-alkali improver is injected into the paddy field along with the water in the reservoir.
Preferably, the water-fertilizer integration system includes a fertilizer injection pump and a water-fertilizer mixing apparatus; the fertilizer injection pump and the reservoir both are communicated to the water-fertilizer mixing apparatus; and the water-fertilizer mixing apparatus is communicated to the irrigation gate, so that the liquid fertilizer is injected into the paddy field along with the water in the reservoir.
Preferably, the buffer channel includes a settling basin and a filter adsorption pond which are communicated with each other; the settling basin is communicated with the subsiding water ring ditch; and the filter adsorption pond is communicated with the ecological channel.
Submerged plants including one or more of watermilfoil, Pofamogeton crispus and
Ceratophyllum demersum are planted on the bottom of the settling basin, and used for intercepting and settling salt, nitrogen, phosphorus, residual pesticides and sewage containing organic pollutants in the water.
Adsorbing materials including one or more of activated carbon, zeolite and fly-ash products are arranged inside the filter adsorption pond, and used for adsorbing salt, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the water.
Preferably, one or more of emergent, floating and submerged aquatic plants are planted in the ecological channel.
The present invention also discloses a cyclic utilization method of a subsiding water ring ditch for a paddy field of saline-alkali soil according to the cyclic utilization system of the subsiding water ring ditch for the paddy field of the saline-alkali soil, which includes the following steps: collecting environmental information of the paddy field;
analysing and determining days for soaking the paddy field and times for washing salt with improver as well as a field surface level of water-fertilizer mixture in combination with the environmental information of the paddy field; before sowing or seedling transplanting of paddy rice, injecting the liquid saline-alkali improver into the paddy field of the saline-alkali soil after rotary tillage soil preparation along with irrigation water, soaking the paddy field for specified days, carrying out the harrowing, and after overnight settlement, draining the water; then injecting the liquid saline-alkali improver into the paddy field along with new irrigation water, soaking the field for specified days, carrying out the harrowing again, and after the overnight settlement, draining the water; and repeating the salt washing for specified times; at a tillering stage and a booting stage of the paddy rice, injecting the liquid fertilizer into the paddy field along with the irrigation water, keeping the field surface water at a specified field surface level, and keeping the soaking for specified days; enabling the water-fertilizer mixture after the salt washing and field soaking to enter the subsiding water ring ditch, and flow through the buffer channel and the ecological channel to return to the subsiding water ring ditch.
It may be seen from the above technical solutions that compared with the prior art, according to the environmental data of the water and soil of the farmland and characteristics of a fertilizing period and a development stage of the paddy rice, by performing the data analysis, the saline- alkali improvement system, the water-fertilizer integration system and the paddy field water layer regulation system are used for improving the saline-alkali soil; the control system sends an instruction to the remotely-controlled irrigation and drainage gates installed in the paddy field to reasonably and accurately regulate the water level of the paddy field and manage the residence time of the field surface water; and the subsiding water ring ditch, the buffer channel and the ecological channel are communicated, so that the nutrients in the subsiding water are absorbed and consumed sufficiently by the cyclic utilization of the water-fertilizer resource, and on the premise of ensuring the stable and high yield of the paddy rice, the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the paddy field is reduced, and a purpose of preventing and controlling the agricultural non-point source pollution is achieved. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention is suitable for the paddy field of the saline-alkali soil; the ecological reconstruction is performed on the basis of original ditches to improve water conservancy facilities of the paddy field; the reconstructed subsiding water ring ditch, the buffer channel and the ecological channel are more conducive to the cyclic utilization of surface runoff and irrigation water of the farmland, the pattern of the agricultural production is not changed in the whole reconstruction process, so that no additional cultivated land resource is occupied; and the construction method and process and daily maintenance are simple and easy to realize and popularize;
(2) The saline-alkali improvement system may be used for regulating an improver application speed according to a total improver demand and a water flow rate so as to uniformly deliver the liquid saline-alkali improver to the pieces of paddy field, thereby saving the application cost and realizing the homogenizing improvement of the saline-alkali soil; 5 (3) The water-fertilizer integration system may regulate a fertilizing speed according to a total fertilizer demand and the water flow rate so as to uniformly apply the liquid fertilizer to the paddy field along with the irrigation water, thereby realizing the water-fertilizer integration, effectively reducing the non-point source pollution of the farmland, saving the fertilizing cost, and improving the utilization efficiency of the water and fertilizer, (4) The paddy field water layer regulation system is used for regulating the water-fertilizer management and growth stage of the paddy field in time to determine the required field surface level in time according to the real-time environmental data collected by the data collection system, so that the labour cost may be reduced, the irrigation water is saved, and the initial rainwater environmental risk is reduced greatly; and on the premise of ensuring the stable and high yield of the paddy rice, the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the paddy field is reduced, and a purpose of preventing and controlling the agricultural non-point source pollution is achieved; (5) The nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances in the water are absorbed and purified by aquatic plants planted in the subsiding water ring ditch, the buffer channel and the ecological channel; and the salt, nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances in the water are adsorbed by the adsorbing materials arranged in the buffer channel. Therefore, since the vegetation coverage and biomass of ridges and ditches are increased, the purification capacity of the system is improved, and the landscape effect of the farmland is improved.
Description of Drawings
To more clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be simply presented below. Apparently, the drawings in the following description are merely embodiments of the present invention, and for those ordinary skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without contributing creative labour.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a cyclic utilization system of a subsiding water ring ditch for a paddy field of saline-alkali soil provided by an embodiment of the present invention; and
Fig. 2 is an overall structural schematic diagram of the cyclic utilization system of the subsiding water ring ditch for the paddy field of saline-alkali soil provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and fully below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Apparently, the described embodiments are merely part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those ordinary skilled in the art without contributing creative labour will belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses a cyclic utilization system of a subsiding water ring ditch 60 for a paddy field 50 of saline-alkali soil, which includes a control system 10, a data collection system 11, a saline-alkali improvement system 20, a water-fertilizer integration system 30, a paddy field water layer regulation and control system and the paddy field 50 with the subsiding water ring ditch 60, a buffer channel 70 and an ecological channel 80.
According to the environmental information of the paddy field collected by the data collection system 11, the control system 10 analyses and determines days for soaking the paddy field and times for washing salt with improver injected by the saline-alkali improvement system 20 into the paddy field 50 as well as a field surface level of water-fertilizer mixture injected by a water-fertilizer integration system 30 into the paddy field 50, and sends control information to a paddy field water layer regulation system 40, the saline-alkali improvement system 20 and the water-fertilizer integration system 30.
The saline-alkali improvement system 20 and the water-fertilizer integration system 30 inject the water-fertilizer mixture obtained by mixing the improver with irrigation water, and/or the water- fertilizer mixture obtained by mixing liquid fertilizer with the irrigation water into the paddy field 50 through the paddy field water layer regulation and control system, and the water-fertilizer mixture enters the subsiding water ring ditch 60 with a ring ditch formed on the periphery of the paddy field 50.
The subsiding water ring ditch 60 is communicated to the ecological channel 80 through the buffer channel 70, and the ecological channel 80 is communicated to the subsiding water ring ditch 60, to form a cyclic waterway; and the water-fertilizer mixture to be drained in the subsiding water ring ditch 60 flows successively through the buffer channel 70 and the ecological channel 80 to return to the subsiding water ring ditch 60.
The paddy field 50 includes five pieces in total with a total area of 100 Mu, and is planted with the paddy rice for one season every year.
In an embodiment, the data collection system 11 includes a temperature sensor, a soil moisture monitor and a radar water level indicator; and the control system 10 analyses and determines the field surface level of the water-fertilizer mixture injected by the water-fertilizer integration system 30 into the paddy field 50 according to the data collected by the temperature sensor, the soil moisture monitor, a rainfall sensor and the radar water level indicator. The data collection system 11 is wirelessly connected with the control system 10 and arranged in the paddy field 50 or between the paddy fields 50.
In an embodiment, the data collection system 11 includes a pH value sensor, a soil salinity sensor and a water mineralization sensor; and the control system 10 analyses and determines the days for soaking the paddy field and the times for washing the salt with the improver injected by the saline-alkali improvement system 20 into the paddy field 50 according to the data collected by the pH value sensor, the soil salinity sensor and the water mineralization sensor. The data collection system 11 is wirelessly connected with the control system 10 and arranged in the paddy field 50 or between the paddy fields 50.
In an embodiment, the control system 10 includes a data analysis module and a control base station; and the control base station is installed nearby the paddy field 50 and converts the control information sent by the data analysis module into a wireless signal to be sent to the paddy field water layer regulation system 40, the saline-alkali improvement system 20 and the water-fertilizer integration system 30.
The control system 10 also includes a signal receiver; and the signal receiver is arranged on the saline-alkali improvement system 20, the water-fertilizer integration system 30 and the paddy field water layer regulation and control system and used for receiving the wireless signal sent by the control base station. A corresponding pump body 61 or a gate is controlled to operate.
The data analysis module comprehensively analyses the water-fertilizer management and growth stage of the paddy rice to determine a required field surface level according to the data collected by the temperature sensor, the soil moisture monitor and the radar water level indicator in the data collection system 11, and transmits the water level control information to the paddy field water layer regulation system 40 so as to control the on/off of a water pump 42 and the opening/closing of an irrigation gate 45 and a drainage gate 46; and the data analysis module is combined with the rainfall sensor in the data collection system 11, the rainfall sensor is used for acquiring the rainfall before rainstorm/heavy rain, and the water in the paddy field and each ditch is ensured not to exceed an upper limit of the water level, that is, the water is at a relatively low water level, so that the passive drainage of the system is avoided as far as possible, and the outflow of a large amount of waste containing high-concentration nitrogen and phosphorus is avoided.
The data analysis module comprehensively analyses a pH value and salt content of the paddy field 50 according to the data collected by the pH value sensor, the soil salinity sensor and the water mineralization sensor in the data collection system 11 to determine the soaking days and alt washing times initiated by the saline-alkali improvement system 20, so that the improver application speed may be regulated according to the total improver demand and water flow rate, thereby completing the homogenizing improvement of the paddy field 50 of the saline-alkali soil.
In an embodiment, the paddy field water layer regulation system 40 is used for irrigation and drainage, and includes a reservoir 41, the water pump 42, a flowmeter 43, an irrigation system 44 an irrigation gate 45 and a drainage gate 46 according to the growth requirement of the paddy rice; the control system 10 controls the on-off of the water pump 42 and the opening/closing of the irrigation gate 45 and the drainage gate 46; the water pump 42 is arranged on a path from the reservoir 41 to the saline-alkali improvement system 20/water-fertilizer integration system 30/paddy field 50; the irrigation gate 45 is arranged on a path from the reservoir 41/saline-alkali improvement system 20/water-fertilizer integration system 30 to the paddy field 50; and the drainage gate 46 is arranged on a path from the paddy field 50 to the subsiding water ring ditch 60. The irrigation system 44 is communicated with the irrigation gate 45 and the water pump 42.
The paddy field water layer regulation system 40 controls the on/off of the water pump 42 and the opening/closing of the irrigation gate 45 and the drainage gate 46 according to an instruction of the control system 10, to ensure the field surface level required at the water-fertilizer management and growth stage of the paddy field 50.
Specifically, the paddy field water layer regulation system 40 is combined with the saline- alkali improvement system 20 and the water-fertilizer integration system 30, and the water-soluble saline-alkali improver or water-soluble fertilizer may be injected into the paddy field 50 along with the irrigation water; and the application speed may be regulated according to the total demand and the water flow rate, thereby ensuring the irrigation uniformity of the paddy field 50.
In an embodiment, the agricultural irrigation water in the reservoir 41 may be sourced from external water, and may also be sourced from the recycled water of the ring ditch of the paddy field.
The signal receiver is in serial connection with switches of the water pump 42, the irrigation gate 45 and the drainage gate 46 and receives the wireless signal sent by the control base station to control the on/off of the water pump 42, the irrigation gate 45 and the drainage gate 46, thereby realizing the wireless full-automatic control.
In an embodiment, the irrigation system 44 may adopt different forms such as covered channels, open channels, pipelines and the like according to local conditions to uniformly distribute the irrigation water to various pieces of paddy field rapidly, and there is no obvious irrigation time difference between different pieces of the paddy field.
In an embodiment, the irrigation gate 45 and the drainage gate 46 both are provided with an automatic control mode and a manual control model; in the automatic control mode, the signal receiver of a tandem switch installed on the gate automatically receives a control signal of the data analysis module to regulate and control the water level, and in the manual control mode, the manual operation is carried out by a hand wheel.
In an embodiment, the saline-alkali improvement system 20 includes a saline-alkali improver injection pump 21 and a saline-alkali improver mixing apparatus 22; the saline-alkali improver injection pump 21 and the reservoir 41 both are communicated to the saline-alkali improver mixing apparatus 22; and the saline-alkali improver mixing apparatus 22 is communicated to the irrigation gate 45, so that the liquid saline-alkali improver is injected into the paddy field 50 along with the water in the reservoir 41.
Before the sowing or seedling transplanting of the paddy rice, the saline-alkali improvement system 20 injects the liquid saline-alkali improver into the paddy field 50 of the saline-alkali soil after rotary tillage soil preparation along with the irrigation water to soak the paddy field for 3-5 days, then mechanical harrowing is carried out, and after the overnight settlement, the water is drained; then the liquid saline-alkali improver is injected into the paddy field 50 along with new irrigation water to soak the paddy field for 1-2 days, then the mechanical harrowing is carried out again, and after overnight settlement, the water is drained; and the salt washing is repeated for 2-4 times, thereby completing the homogenizing improvement of the paddy field 50 of the saline- alkali soil.
In an embodiment, the water-fertilizer integration system 30 includes a fertilizer injection pump 31 and a water-fertilizer mixing apparatus 32; the fertilizer injection pump 31 and the reservoir 41 both are communicated to the water-fertilizer mixing apparatus 32; and the water- fertilizer mixing apparatus 32 is communicated to the irrigation gate 45, so that the liquid fertilizer is injected into the paddy field 50 along with the water in the reservoir 41.
At a tillering stage and a booting stage of the paddy rice, the water-fertilizer integration system 30 may regulate the fertilizing speed according to a total fertilizer demand and a flow rate of the water-fertilizer mixture from the water-fertilizer mixing apparatus to the paddy field, the liquid fertilizer is injected into the paddy field 50 along with the irrigation water; and the field surface water is kept at a shallow layer of 3-5 cm for 5-7 days, which may be regulated according to a growth state of seedlings and the weather.
In an embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the planting way in the paddy field 50 includes transplanted rice or direct sowing rice; and ridges 51 are arranged on the periphery of the farmland, and the ridges 51 are planted with green plants 52 respectively.
Each ridge 51 has a width of 1.5-2.0 m and a height of 6-8 cm.
The green plants 52 are halophytes including Suaeda glauca, Tamarix chinensis or leguminous plants including soybeans and broad beans.The green plants 52 such as the halophytes including Suaeda glauca, Tamarix chinensis or leguminous plants including the soybeans and broad beans are planted on the ridges 51 and used for desalting or nitrogen fixation.
In an embodiment, the subsiding water ring ditches 60 are dug through and connected on the basis of the original ditches of the farmland to form a ring ditch surrounding the farmland; and the pump body 61 is installed on a lower position to ensure the circular flow of the waste.
Floating plants 62 including one or more of water spinach, Canna generalis and Lythrum salicaria, preferably the water spinach, are planted in the subsiding water ring ditch 60, and used for purifying nitrogen and phosphorus in the water.
The subsiding water ring ditch 60 has a width of 3.0-5.0 m and a depth of 1.5-2 m.
In an embodiment, the buffer channel 70 includes a settling basin 71 and filter adsorption pond 72, and is connected with the subsiding water ring ditch 60 and the ecological channel 80.
The buffer channel 70 has a width of 2.0-3.0 m and a depth of 1.0-1.5 m.
A drop height at a junction between the settling basin 71 and the subsiding water ring ditch 60 is 300-400 mm.
Submerged plants including one or more of watermilfoil, Potamogeton crispus and
Ceratophyllum demersum, preferably the watermilfoil, are planted on the bottom of the settling basin 71, and used for purifying the nitrogen and phosphorus in the water.
The settling basin 71 is used for intercepting and settling the salt, nitrogen, phosphorus, residual pesticides and sewage containing organic matters and other pollutants in the water.
The filter adsorption pond 72 is connected with the settling basin 71 through a connecting pipe; an annular steel sheet is fixed at an inlet of the connecting pipe; a filter net is welded on an inner surface of the annular steel sheet; and an adsorbing material is arranged inside the filter adsorption pond 72.
The adsorbing material includes one or more of activated carbon, zeolite and fly-ash products, and can adsorb the salt, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in the water.
The filter adsorption pond 72 is used for filtering and adsorbing the salt, nitrogen, phosphorus, residual pesticides and sewage containing organic matters and other pollutants in the water.
In an embodiment, the ecological channel 80 is planted with emergent, floating and submerged aquatic plants 81, and may drain the water to the subsiding water ring ditch 60 through the pump body 61.
The ecological channel 80 has a width of 2.0-3.0 m and a depth of 1.0-1.5 m ;
The emergent aquatic plants 81 include cattails, reeds, Scripus validus and Sagittaria sagittifolia, and cattails are preferred; the floating aquatic plants 81 include water lilies,
Nymphoides peltatum and Lemna minor, and water lilies are preferred; and the submerged aquatic plants 81 include watermilfoil, Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton crispus, and watermilfoil is preferred.
In an embodiment, more pump bodies 61 may be used according to the terrain to achieve a purpose of cyclic utilization and purification of the nitrogen and phosphorus in the subsiding water.
A second aspect of the present invention discloses a cyclic utilization method of a subsiding water ring ditch 60 for a paddy field 50 of the saline-alkali soil according to the first aspect of the present embodiment, which includes the following steps:
Environmental information of the paddy field 50 is collected.
Days for soaking the paddy field and times for washing salt with the improver injected into the paddy field 50 and a field surface level of water-fertilizer mixture injected into paddy field are analyzed and determined according to the environmental information of the paddy field 50.
Before the sowing or seedling transplanting of paddy rice, the liquid saline-alkali improver is injected into the paddy field 50 of the saline-alkali soil after rotary tillage soil preparation along with irrigation water; the paddy field is soaked for specified days, then harrowing is carried out, and after the overnight settlement, the water is drained; then the liquid saline-alkali improver is injected into the paddy field 50 along with new irrigation water; the paddy field is soaked for specified days, the harrowing is carried out again, and after the overnight settlement, the water is drained; and the salt washing is repeated for specified times.
At a tillering stage and a booting stage of the paddy rice, the liquid fertilizer is injected into the paddy field 50 along with the irrigation water; the field surface water is kept at a specified water level; and the paddy field soaking is kept for specified days.
The water-fertilizer mixture after the salt washing and field soaking enters the subsiding water ring ditch 60, and flows successively through the buffer channel 70 and the ecological channel 80 to return to the subsiding water ring ditch 60.
The present invention relates to the water resource cyclic utilization technology which is conducive to the improvement of the saline-alkali soil and the prevention and control of the non- point source pollution of the subsiding water of the paddy field; the saline-alkali soil is improved by the saline-alkali improvement system and the subsiding water ring ditch of the paddy field; and the nitrogen and phosphorus in the subsiding water are absorbed, consumed and purified, so that a purpose of preventing and controlling the agricultural non-point source pollution is achieved on the premise of ensuring the stable and high yield of the paddy rice.
The cyclic utilization system and method of the subsiding water ring ditch for the paddy field of saline-alkali soil provided by the present invention are illustrated above in detail. In the embodiment, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help to understand the method and the core idea of the present invention. At the same time, for those ordinary skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and application scopes may be changed. In conclusion, the contents of this description shall not be construed as limitations to the present invention.
The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to realize or use the present invention. Many modifications made to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. General principles defined in the present embodiments can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown in the present embodiments, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed in the present embodiments.

Claims (10)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Een cyclisch gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem, omvattende: een regelsysteem, een systeem voor het verzamelen van gegevens, een zout-alkaliverbetersysteem, een systeem voor het inbrengen van water en meststoffen, een systeem voor het reguleren en beheersen van de waterlaag op het rijstveld en een rijstveld met een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht, een bufferkanaal en een ecologisch kanaal, waarbij — het regelsysteem op basis van de door het gegevensverzamelingssysteem verzamelde milieu-informatie over het rijstveld, de dagen voor het onder water zetten van het rijstveld en van de tijden voor het uitwassen van zout met verbeteraar die door het systeem voor de verbetering van de zout-alkali-behandeling in het rijstveld worden geïnjecteerd analyseert en bepaalt, evenals het niveau van het water-meststofmengsel dat door het systeem voor het inbrengen van de water-meststof in het rijstveld wordt geïnjecteerd, en besturingsinformatie verzendt naar het systeem voor het reguleren en beheersen van de waterlaag, het systeem voor de verbetering van de zout-alkali-behandeling en het systeem voor de integratie van de water-meststof; — het zout-alkaliverbetersysteem en het systeem voor het inbrengen van water en meststoffen het water-meststofmengsel dat is verkregen door het verbeteringsmiddel te mengen met irrigatiewater, en/of het water-meststofmengsel dat is verkregen door vloeibare meststoffen te mengen met het irrigatiewater in het rijstveld via het systeem voor het reguleren en beheersen van de waterlaag op het rijstveld waarbij het water- meststofmengsel terechtkomt in een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht waarbij een ringgracht aan de omtrek van het rijstveld is gevormd; — de verzakt gelegen waterringgracht via het bufferkanaal in verbinding staat met het ecologische kanaal, en het ecologische kanaal in verbinding staat met de verzakt gelegen waterringgracht, zodat een cyclische waterweg wordt gevormd; en — het in de verzakt gelegen waterringgracht af te voeren water-meststofmengsel achtereenvolgens door het bufferkanaal en het ecologische kanaal stroomt om naar de verzakt gelegen waterringgracht terug te keren.1. A cyclical use system of a subsided water ring ditch for a rice field with a salt-alkaline soil, comprising: a control system, a data collection system, a salt-alkali improvement system, a water and fertilizer application system, a system for regulating and controlling the water layer on the paddy field and a paddy field with a subsided water ring moat, a buffer channel and an ecological channel, where — based on the environmental information collected by the data collection system on the paddy field, the control system determines the days before the analyzes and determines the watering of the paddy field and the times for washing out salt with improver injected into the paddy field by the salt-alkali treatment improvement system, as well as the level of the water-fertilizer mixture used by the water-fertilizer introduction system into the paddy field is injected, and sends control information to the water layer regulation and control system, the salt-alkali treatment improvement system, and the integration system of the water fertilizer; — the salt-alkali improvement system and the system for introducing water and fertilizers the water-fertilizer mixture obtained by mixing the improvement agent with irrigation water, and/or the water-fertilizer mixture obtained by mixing liquid fertilizers with the irrigation water in the paddy field via the system for regulating and controlling the water layer on the paddy field in which the water-fertilizer mixture enters a subsiding water ring ditch with a ring ditch formed at the periphery of the paddy field; - the subsided water ring canal is connected to the ecological canal via the buffer channel, and the ecological canal is connected to the subsided water ring moat, so that a cyclic waterway is formed; and — the water-fertilizer mixture to be discharged into the subsided water ring ditch flows successively through the buffer channel and the ecological channel to return to the subsided water ring ditch. 2. Het cyclische gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem volgens conclusie 1, waarbij — het systeem voor het verzamelen van gegevens een temperatuursensor, een bodemvochtigheidsmonitor en een radarwaterstandsindicator omvat; en — het regelsysteem het niveau van het water-meststofmengsel dat door het systeem voor het inbrengen van water en meststoffen in het rijstveld wordt geïnjecteerd analyseert aan de hand van de door de temperatuursensor, de bodemvochtigheidsmonitor en de radarwaterstandsindicator verzamelde gegevens.The cyclical use system of a saline-alkaline soil saline-soil saline paddy paddy field, wherein - the data collection system comprises a temperature sensor, a soil moisture monitor, and a radar water level indicator; and — the control system analyzes the level of the water-fertilizer mixture injected into the paddy field by the water and fertilizer application system using the data collected by the temperature sensor, the soil moisture monitor and the radar water level indicator. 3. Het cyclische gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem volgens conclusie 1, waarbij — het gegevensverzamelingssysteem een pH-waardesensor, een bodemzoutsensor en een watermineralisatiesensor omvat; en — het regelsysteem de dagen voor het onder water zetten van het rijstveld en de tijden voor het uitwassen van zout met de verbeteraar die door het zout-alkaliverbetersysteem in het rijstveld wordt geïnjecteerd analyseert en bepaalt aan de hand van de gegevens die zijn verzameld door de pH-waardesensor, de sensor voor het zoutgehalte van de bodem en de sensor voor watermineralisatie.The cyclical use system of a saline-alkaline soil saline-soil saline paddy paddy field, wherein - the data collection system comprises a pH value sensor, a soil salt sensor, and a water mineralization sensor; and — the control system analyzes and determines the days for flooding the paddy field and the times for washing out salt with the improver injected into the paddy field by the salt-alkali improver system using the data collected by the pH value sensor, the soil salinity sensor and the water mineralization sensor. 4. Het cyclische gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem volgens conclusie 1, waarbij — het regelsysteem een gegevensanalysemodule en een regelbasisstation omvat; en — het regelbasisstation nabij het rijstveld is geïnstalleerd en de door de gegevensanalysemodule verzonden besturingsinformatie omzet in een draadloos signaal dat wordt verzonden naar het systeem voor het reguleren en beheersen van de waterlaag van het rijstveld, het zout-alkaliverbetersysteem en het systeem voor de inbrengen van water en meststoffen.The cyclical use system of a saline-alkaline saline soil saline paddy paddy field ditch according to claim 1, wherein - the control system comprises a data analysis module and a control base station; and — the control base station is installed near the paddy field and converts the control information sent by the data analysis module into a wireless signal which is sent to the paddy field water layer regulation and control system, the salt-alkali improvement system and the fertilizer introduction system. water and fertilizers. 5. Het cyclische gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem volgens conclusie 1, waarbij — het regelsysteem voor de waterlaag van het rijstveld een reservoir, een waterpomp, een debietmeter, een irrigatiepoort en een drainagepoort omvat; — het regelsysteem het in- en uitschakelen van de waterpomp, de irrigatiepoort en de drainagepoort regelt; — de waterpomp zich op een pad van het reservoir naar het zout-alkaliverbetersysteem / een systeem voor het inbrengen van water en meststoffen /rijstveld bevindt; — de irrigatiepoort op een pad van het reservoirhet systeem voor de zout- alkaliverbetersysteem /het systeem voor de inbrengen van water en meststoffen naar het rijstveld is geplaatst; en — de drainagepoort op een pad van het rijstveld naar de verzakt gelegen waterring ligt.The cyclic use system of a saline-alkaline saline soil saline-soil paddy field sagging water ring ditch system according to claim 1, wherein - the paddy field water layer control system comprises a reservoir, a water pump, a flow meter, an irrigation port and a drainage port; - the control system controls the on and off of the water pump, irrigation port and drainage port; - the water pump is located on a path from the reservoir to the salt-alkaline improvement system / water and fertilizer application system / paddy field; - the irrigation port is placed on a path from the reservoir, the salt-alkaline improvement system/the system for the introduction of water and fertilizers to the paddy field; and — the drainage port is on a path from the paddy field to the subsided water ring. 6. Het cyclische gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem volgens conclusie 5, waarbijThe cyclic use system of a saline-alkaline soil saline water ring ditch for a paddy field according to claim 5, wherein — het zout-alkaliverbetersysteem een injectiepomp voor zout-alkaliverbetering en een menginrichting voor zout-alkaliverbeteraar omvat; — de injectiepomp voor de zout-alkaliverbeteraar en het reservoir beide in verbinding staan met de menginrichting voor de zout-alkaliverbeteraar; en — de inrichting voor het mengen van zout-alkaliverbeteraar in verbinding met de irrigatiepoort staat, zodat de vloeibare zout-alkaliverbeteraar samen met het water in het reservoir in het rijstveld wordt geïnjecteerd.— the salt-alkali improver system includes a salt-alkali improver injection pump and a salt-alkali improver mixing device; - the injection pump for the salt-alkali improver and the reservoir are both connected to the mixing device for the salt-alkali improver; and — the salt-alkali improver mixing device is connected to the irrigation port so that the liquid salt-alkaline improver is injected together with the water in the reservoir in the paddy field. 7. Het cyclische gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem volgens conclusie 5, waarbij — Het systeem voor het inbrengen van water- en meststof een meststofinjectiepomp en een water-meststofmenginrichting omvat; — de meststofinjectiepomp en het reservoir beide verbonden zijn met de water- meststofmenginrichting; en — de water-meststofmenginrichting met de irrigatiepoort is verbonden, zodat de vloeibare meststof in het rijstveld wordt geïnjecteerd samen met het water in het reservoir.The cyclical use system of a saline-alkaline saline soil saline-soil paddy field water ring ditch according to claim 5, wherein: - The water and fertilizer introduction system comprises a fertilizer injection pump and a water-fertilizer mixing device; - the fertilizer injection pump and the reservoir are both connected to the water fertilizer mixing device, and - the water-fertilizer mixing device is connected to the irrigation port so that the liquid fertilizer is injected into the paddy field together with the water in the reservoir. 8. Het cyclische gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem volgens conclusie 1, waarbij — het bufferkanaal een bezinkbekken en een filteradsorptiebekken omvat die met elkaar in verbinding staan; — het bezinkbekken in verbinding staat met de ringgracht; en — het filteradsorptiebekken in verbinding staat met het ecologische kanaal; — op de bodem van het bezinkbekken worden onder water planten geplant die een of meer soorten van waternavel, Potamogeton crispus en Ceratophyllum demersum omvatten, die worden gebruikt voor het onderscheppen en bezinken van zout, stikstof, fosfor, achterblijvende pesticiden en rioolwater dat organische verontreinigende stoffen in het water bevat; — adsorberende materialen die een of meer van actieve kool, zeoliet en vliegasproducten omvatten in het filteradsorptiebekken worden aangebracht en gebruikt voor de adsorptie van verontreinigende zout-, stikstof- en fosforbevattende stoffen in het water.The cyclical use system of a saline-alkaline soil saline-soil rice paddy submerged water ring ditch according to claim 1, wherein - the buffer channel comprises a settling basin and a filter adsorption basin communicating with each other; — the settling basin is connected to the ring ditch; and — the filter adsorption basin is connected to the ecological channel; — submerged plants are planted on the bottom of the settling basin, including one or more species of pennywort, Potamogeton crispus and Ceratophyllum demersum, which are used to intercept and settle salt, nitrogen, phosphorus, residual pesticides and sewage containing organic pollutants contained in the water; — Adsorbent materials comprising one or more of activated carbon, zeolite and fly ash products are placed in the filter adsorption basin and used for the adsorption of salt, nitrogen and phosphorus containing pollutants in the water. 9. Het cyclische gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem volgens conclusie 1, waarbij een of meer van de opkomende, drijvende en ondergedompelde waterplanten in het ecologische kanaal worden geplant.The cyclical use system of a saline-alkaline soil saline-soil paddy paddy canal ditch according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the emergent, floating and submerged aquatic plants are planted in the ecological channel. 10. Een werkwijze voor cyclisch gebruik van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem door gebruik te maken van het cyclische gebruikssysteem van een verzakt gelegen waterringgracht voor een rijstveld met een zout-10. A method of cyclical use of a subsided water ring ditch for a saline-alkaline rice paddy field by using the cyclic use system of a subsided water ring ditch for a saline-alkaline paddy field. alkalische bodem volgens willekeurig welke van conclusies 1 - 9, welke werkwijze de volgende stappen omvat:alkaline soil according to any one of claims 1 - 9, the method comprising the following steps: — verzamelen van milieu-informatie van het rijstveld;— collecting environmental information from the paddy field; — het analyseren en bepalen van dagen voor het onder water zetten van het rijstveld en tijden voor het uitwassen van zout met verbeteraar, alsmede een veldniveau van het water-meststofmengsel in combinatie met de milieu-informatie van het rijstveld;— Analyzing and determining paddy flooding days and improver salt wash out times, as well as a field level of the water-fertilizer mixture in combination with the environmental information of the paddy pad; — voorafgaand aan het zaaien of het uitplanten van rijst, injecteren van de vloeibare zout- alkaliverbeteraar in het rijstveld met een zout-alkalische bodem na grondbewerking met irrigatiewater, het rijstveld gedurende bepaalde dagen onder water laten staan, eggen en na een nacht bezinken het water laten weglopen; vervolgens injecteren van de vloeibare zout-alkaliverbeteraar in het rijstveld met nieuw irrigatiewater, het veld gedurende bepaalde dagen onder water laten staan, opnieuw eggen en na de nachtelijke bezinking het water laten weglopen; en het uitwassen van zout herhalen gedurende bepaalde perioden;— before sowing or planting of rice, injecting the liquid salt-alkaline improver into the rice field with a salt-alkaline soil after tillage with irrigation water, flooding the rice field for certain days, harrowing, and then settling the water overnight run away; then injecting the liquid salt-alkaline improver into the paddy field with new irrigation water, flooding the field for certain days, harrowing again, and draining the water after overnight settling; and repeating the salt wash out for certain periods of time; — in het stadium dat zijscheuten worden gevormd en het uitloopstadium van de rijst het injecteren van vloeibare meststof in het rijstveld samen met het irrigatiewater, het op een bepaald niveau houden van het oppervlaktewater en het veld gedurende bepaalde dagen onder water laten staan;— At the side shoot and emergence stage of the rice, injecting liquid fertilizer into the paddy field along with the irrigation water, keeping the surface water at a certain level and flooding the field for certain days; — het in de ringgracht te laten van het water-meststofmengsel na het uitwassen van het zout en onder water laten staan, en door het bufferkanaal en het ecologische kanaal terug te laten stromen naar de ringgracht.— leaving the water-fertilizer mixture in the ring ditch after washing out the salt and leaving it under water, and let it flow back to the ring ditch through the buffer channel and the ecological channel.
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