NL2031033B1 - Fermented feed with corn stalks for pigs and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Fermented feed with corn stalks for pigs and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2031033B1
NL2031033B1 NL2031033A NL2031033A NL2031033B1 NL 2031033 B1 NL2031033 B1 NL 2031033B1 NL 2031033 A NL2031033 A NL 2031033A NL 2031033 A NL2031033 A NL 2031033A NL 2031033 B1 NL2031033 B1 NL 2031033B1
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Prior art keywords
parts
feed
fermented
pigs
corn
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NL2031033A
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Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Wu Saihui
Tian Ming
Liu Di
Feng Yanzhong
Li Guiwei
Wang Liang
Li Zhongqiu
Xia Jiqiao
Zhang Haifeng
Chen Heshu
Qi Meiyu
Yu Xiaolong
Wang Wentao
He Haijuan
Liu Ziguang
He Xinmiao
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Heilongjiang Acad Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/32—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from hydrolysates of wood or straw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements

Abstract

Disclosed is a fermented feed with corn stalks for pigs and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feeds. The feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 200 - 300 parts of straws, 20 - 30 parts of corn meal, 10 - 20 parts of wheat bran, 1 - 10 parts of molasses, 0.3 - 1 part of crude salt and 10 - 20 parts of composite bacterial liquid. The fermented feed with corn stalks prepared by the present invention has the characteristics of simple production technology and low cost. The present invention can alleviate the contradiction between people and livestock for grain, solves the limitations of the straw processing technology and has good promotion and use value.

Description

FERMENTED FEED WITH CORN STALKS FOR PIGS AND PREPARATION METHOD
THEREOF Technical Field The present invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and more particularly to a fermented feed with corn stalks for pigs and a preparation method thereof.
Background Corn stalks are crop wastes. As a renewable feed raw material, the corn stalk has potential utilization value due to its characteristics of wide sources, large yield and low cost. Untreated corn stalk has low nutritional value and poor palatability, which limit its application in livestock production. How to use microbial fermentation to produce feeds with the advantages of high nutritional value and good palatability has become one of the hot spots. Good use of the corn stalks will, to a large extent, alleviate many problems, such as competition for food between people and animals and environmental pollution, which have troubled people for decades. At present, the fermented corn stalk feed technology has been widely developed in the production of ruminants and has achieved good application effects, but little research is conducted on the production of live pigs.
To sum up, how to provide a fermented feed with corn stalks for pigs and a preparation method thereof to make the technology simple and easy to operate and convert the corn stalks into high - quality pig feed is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Summary In view of this, the present invention provides a fermented feed with corn stalks for pigs and a preparation method thereof.
To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A fermented feed with corn stalks for pigs comprises the following components in parts by mass: 200 - 300 parts of straws, 20 - 30 parts of corn meal, 10 - 20 parts of wheat bran, 1 - 10 parts of molasses, 0.3 - 1 part of crude salt and 10 - 20 parts of composite bacterial liquid.
Beneficial effects achieved: The crude fibre content in the corn straws is too high, which is difficult for monogastric animals like pigs to digest. At the same time, the nutritional value of the straws is low, which cannot meet the growth and development needs of the pigs. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum can improve the palatability and nutritional value of corn stalk feed, and can also synthesize some proteins and amino acids with high nutritional value by using monosaccharides and disaccharides produced by Bacillus subtilis. At the same time, lactic acid can be produced to improve the palatability. Actinomycetes can use nitrate, glucose, inorganic amine salt, maltose and the like, can change the molecular structure of lignin, and can play a great role in the decomposition of cellulose and lignin.
Further, a fermented feed with corn straws for pigs comprises the following components in parts by mass: 250 - 300 parts of straws, 25 - 30 parts of corn meal, 12 - 20 parts of wheat bran, 1.5 - 10 parts of molasses, 0.35 - 1 part of crude salt and 10 - 20 parts of composite bacterial liquid.
Further, a fermented feed with corn straws for pigs comprises the following components in parts by mass: 275 parts of straws, 36 parts of corn meal, 15 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of molasses, 0.5 part of crude salt and 15 parts of composite bacterial liquid.
Further, the composite bacterial liquid is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Actinomyces.
Further, the viable bacterial count of the composite bacterial liquid is 1 x 103 to 5 x 10° CFU/ml.
A preparation method of the fermented feed with corn straws for pigs comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the straws, the corn meal and the wheat bran according to the mass parts and then pulverizing the materials with a 40 - mesh sieve; and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain a fermentation substrate; (2) weighing the molasses and the crude salt according to the mass parts and then mixing uniformly; and adding the mixture to the composite bacterial liquid for later use to obtain mixture A; (3) uniformly mixing the fermentation substrate and the mixture A, and then adjusting water content to 50 - 60%; and conducting fermentation, wherein fermentation temperature is 30 - 35°C, and anaerobic fermentation time is 7 - 15 days.
Further, the addition amount of the fermented straw feed in pig ration is 20 - 30%.
It can be seen from the above technical solutions that compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are: 1) the fermented feed with corn straws contains a large number of beneficial microorganisms and metabolites, which can improve the intestinal microecological balance of animals, improve the palatability of the straw feed, and increase feed intake. 2) The present invention improves the digestion and utilization rate of the straw feed, can reduce pollutant discharge, improves a breeding environment, facilitates the development of unconventional feed and reduces breeding cost. 3) The present invention has the characteristics of simple production technology and low cost, solves the limitations of the straw processing technology and has good promotion and use value.
Detailed Description The technical solutions in embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and fully described below. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those ordinary skilled in the art without contributing creative labour will belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The drug required by the embodiments of the present invention is a conventional experimental drug purchased from commercially available channels; and experimental methods not mentioned in the embodiments are conventional experimental methods and will not be repeated herein. Embodiment 1 (I) Corn stalk fermentation formula: 200 kg of straws, 20 kg of corn meal, 10 kg of wheat bran, 5 kg of molasses, 0.5 kg of crude salt and 15 kg of composite bacterial liquid. The viable bacterial count of the composite bacterial liquid is 1 x 10% CFU/ml. (II) Preparation method (1) The straws, the corn meal and the wheat bran are weighed according to the mass parts and then pulverized with a 40 - mesh sieve; and the materials are uniformly mixed to obtain a fermentation substrate; (2) The molasses and the crude salt are weighed according to the mass parts and then mixed uniformly; and the mixture is added to the composite bacterial liquid for later use to obtain mixture A; (3) The fermentation substrate and the mixture A are uniformly mixed, and then water content is adjusted to 60%; fermentation is conducted; fermentation temperature is 35°C, and anaerobic fermentation time is 15 days.
Embodiment 2 (I) Corn stalk fermentation formula: 250 kg of straws, 25 kg of corn meal, 12 kg of wheat bran, 3 kg of molasses, 0.6k g of crude salt and 17 kg of composite bacterial liquid. The viable bacterial count of the composite bacterial liquid is 6 x 108 CFU/ml. (II) Preparation method (1) The straws, the corn meal and the wheat bran are weighed according to the mass parts and then pulverized with a 40 - mesh sieve; and the materials are uniformly mixed to obtain a fermentation substrate; (2) The molasses and the crude salt are weighed according to the mass parts and then mixed uniformly; and the mixture is added to the composite bacterial liquid for later use to obtain mixture A; (3) The fermentation substrate and the mixture A are uniformly mixed, and then water content is adjusted to 52%; fermentation is conducted; fermentation temperature is 33°C, and anaerobic fermentation time is 12 days.
Embodiment 3 (I) Corn stalk fermentation formula: 300 kg of straws, 30 kg of corn meal, 20 kg of wheat bran, 10 kg of molasses, 1 kg of crude salt and 20 kg of composite bacterial liquid.
The viable bacterial count of the composite bacterial liquid is 3 x 10% CFU/ml. (II) Preparation method (1) The straws, the corn meal and the wheat bran are weighed according to the mass parts and then pulverized with a 40 - mesh sieve; and the materials are uniformly mixed to obtain a fermentation substrate; (2) The molasses and the crude salt are weighed according to the mass parts and then mixed uniformly; and the mixture is added to the composite bacterial liquid for later use to obtain mixture A; (3) The fermentation substrate and the mixture A are uniformly mixed, and then water content is adjusted to 55%; fermentation is conducted; fermentation temperature is 30°C, and anaerobic fermentation time is 8 days.
Embodiment 4 (I) Corn stalk fermentation formula: 270 kg of straws, 26 kg of corn meal, 13 kg of wheat bran, 7 kg of molasses, 0.3 kg of crude salt and 14 kg of composite bacterial liquid.
The viable bacterial count of the composite bacterial liquid is 1 x 10° CFU/ml. (II) Preparation method: the same as embodiment 3. Embodiment 5 (I) Corn stalk fermentation formula: 230 kg of straws, 23 kg of corn meal, 18 kg of wheat bran, 2 kg of molasses, 0.5 kg of crude salt and 16kg of composite bacterial liquid.
The viable bacterial count of the composite bacterial liquid is 5 x 103 CFU/ml. (II) Preparation method: the same as embodiment 3. Experiment 1 20 Bamin hybrid pigs, which are crossed by Berkshire boars and Min pig sows, with a body weight of (70.0 + 2.5) kg and similar age, are selected, and randomly divided into 2 groups.
Each group has 10 pigs.
Each group is raised in 2 pens, with 5 pigs in each pen, and the pens are divided into a control group and an experimental group.
The experimental group is fed with the fermented straw feed prepared by the present invention 90 days before the slaughter, and the addition amount is 20% of the ration, and the control group is only fed with the ration normally.
Free food intake and free drinking can be conducted, and other breeding conditions are the same. The growth performance during the test is tested as shown in Table 1. At the end of the feeding experiment, the pigs are fasted for 24 h, can drink water freely during the period, and then are slaughtered and sampled. Specifically, sampling is carried out according to the standard of 5 Technical Regulation for Testing of Carcass Traits in Lean - Type Pig (NY/T825 - 2004). The sampling position is at 500 g of the longissimus dorsi in front of the third and fourth thoracic vertebrae from the bottom of the pig carcass for determination of pork quality. The statistical analysis results are as follows: Table 1: The effects of the fermented straws on the growth performance of the Bamin hybrid pigs are as follows © Item Initial Final Average daily Average daily Materialto weight/kg weight/kg feed intake/kg gain/g weight ratio _ Controlgroup 7174449 1171+ 233+020 504+617 462x029
8.93 Test group 7362.78 120.2 + 2.36 £0.20 517 £ 57.6 458 £0.27
5.20 P - value 0.480 0.160 0.852 0.407 0.597 Compared with the control group, the fermented straw feed decreases the feed conversion ratio, increases the final weight and the daily gain, and has a tendency to improve the growth performance. Table 2: The effects of the fermented straws on the pork quality of Bamin hybrid pigs © em Conol Experimental group group P - value cm Eye muscle area, cm? 35.62 37.50 1.75 0.618 PHas min 6.27 6.19 0.09 0.605 pHzen 5.50 5.62 0.04 0.019 Redness (a*) 4.02 4.34 0.28 0.417 Yellowness (b*) 2.49 1.67 0.27 0.090 Brightness (L*) 43.94 43.57 0.69 0.871 Cooking loss, % 30.70 30.71 0.52 0.989 Drip loss, % 2.62 2.38 0.07 0.046 Shear forc, N 41.48 40.20 0.99 0.553
P = 0.05 is taken as the standard of significant difference.
Compared with the control group, the experimental group significantly improves the pH value of slaughtered pigs at 45 min after slaughter, significantly reduces the yellowness of meat colour (b*), significantly reduces drip loss, and significantly increases the crude fat content of the longissimus dorsi.
An additive provided by the present invention can improve the meat quality of fattening pigs.
Economic benefit analysis: the formula price of conventional ration feed is 3 yuan/kg, and the cost of the fermented straws is 1 yuan/kg.
The daily feed intake of each pig is 2.33 kg, and the cost of the feed per pig in the experimental group is 83.88 yuan in 90 days.

Claims (7)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Een gefermenteerd voer met maisstengels voor varkens, dat de volgende bestanddelen in massadelen omvat: 200 - 300 delen stro, 20 - 30 delen maïsmeel, 10 - 20 delen tarwezemelen, 1 - 10 delen melasse, 0,3 - 1 deel ruw zout en 10 - 20 delen samengestelde bacterievloeistof.1. A fermented feed containing corn stalks for pigs, comprising the following ingredients in parts by mass: 200-300 parts straw, 20-30 parts cornmeal, 10-20 parts wheat bran, 1-10 parts molasses, 0.3-1 part raw salt and 10-20 parts of compound bacterial fluid. 2. Het gefermenteerde voer met maïsstengels voor varkens volgens conclusie 1, dat de volgende bestanddelen in massadelen omvat: 250 - 300 delen stro, 25 - 30 delen maïsmeel, 12 - 20 delen tarwezemelen, 1,5 - 10 delen melasse, 0,35 - 1 deel ruw zout en 10 - 20 delen samengestelde bacterievloeistof.The fermented corn stalk feed for pigs according to claim 1, comprising the following ingredients in parts by mass: 250-300 parts of straw, 25-30 parts of cornmeal, 12-20 parts of wheat bran, 1.5-10 parts of molasses, 0.35 - 1 part raw salt and 10 - 20 parts compound bacterial fluid. 3. Het gefermenteerde voer met maïsstengels voor varkens volgens conclusie 1, dat de volgende bestanddelen in massadelen omvat: 275 delen stro, 36 delen maïsmeel, 15 delen tarwezemelen, 3 delen melasse, 0,5 deel ruw zout en 15 delen samengestelde bacterievloeistof.The fermented corn stalk feed for pigs according to claim 1, comprising the following ingredients in parts by mass: 275 parts of straw, 36 parts of cornmeal, 15 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of molasses, 0.5 part of raw salt and 15 parts of compound bacterial fluid. 4. Het gefermenteerde voer met maïsstengels voor varkens volgens willekeurig welke van conclusies 1 — 3, waarbij het levensvatbare aantal bacteriën van het gefermenteerde voer met maïsstengels 100 miljoen tot 1 miljard per gram bedraagt.The fermented cornstalk feed for pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the viable bacteria count of the fermented cornstalk feed is from 100 million to 1 billion per gram. 5. Het gefermenteerde voer met maïsstengels voor varkens volgens willekeurig welke van conclusies 1 — 3, waarbij de samengestelde bacterievloeistof is samengesteld uit Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Actinomyces.The fermented corn stalk feed for pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bacterial liquid composition is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Actinomyces. 6. Het gefermenteerde voer met maïsstengels voor varkens volgens conclusie 5, waarbij het levensvatbare aantal bacteriën van de samengestelde bacterievloeistof 1 x 10% - 5 x 10° CFU / ml bedraagt.The fermented corn stalk feed for pigs according to claim 5, wherein the viable number of bacteria of the compound bacterial fluid is 1 x 10% - 5 x 10° CFU/ml. 7. Toepassing van het gefermenteerde voer met maïsstengels voor varkens volgens willekeurig welke van conclusies 1 — 3, bij het fokken van varkens.Use of the fermented pig maize stalk feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in pig breeding.
NL2031033A 2022-02-22 2022-02-22 Fermented feed with corn stalks for pigs and preparation method thereof NL2031033B1 (en)

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