NL2029041B1 - Planting method for intercropping of lycium barbarum l. and clover - Google Patents

Abstract

Described is a planting method for intercropping of Lycium barbarum L. and clover, and 5 belongs to the technical field of intercropping planting. By controlling parameters of planting density of the Lycium barbarum L. and clover and fertilizers, aphides may be effectively controlled; an intercropping obstacle between the Lycium barbarum L. and the clover is removed; yield of dried mature Lycium barbarum L. fruits may be stabilized at 150 kg per mu or more; and yield of the clover may be stabilized at 4000 kg per mu or more. 10 .

Description

PLANTING METHOD FOR INTERCROPPING OF LYCIUM BARBARUM L. AND CLOVER Technical Field The present invention belongs to the technical field of intercropping planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for intercropping of Lycium barbarum L. and clover.

Background Lycium barbarum L. is a shrub of Lycium in Solanaceae, is cryophilic, cold - resistant, drought - tolerant and saline - alkali tolerant, has medicinal values and a function of conservation of water and soil, and is mainly distributed in Ningxia, Gansu and Xinjiang in China.

Clover belongs to Medicago of Leguminosae in Rosineae of Rosales, is a high - quality leguminous forage, is fine and soft in stem leaf, rich in foliage mass, high in crude protein content and low in crude fibre content, and may be fed by stocking livestock and herbivorous fishes. Trifolium repens plants are low and strong in adaptability, and may serve as excellent plants for lawn establishment during urban landscaping.

Intercropping refers to a planting mode that in a same growth period, two or more than two types of crops are planted at spacings in different rows or zones of a same farmland. Intercropping can increase a land use rate, and a composite crop population formed by intercropping can enhance capture and absorption of sunlight, and reduce waste of light energy. Meanwhile, a complementary effect can be generated between two crops. However, during intercropping, intense competition for sunlight, moisture and nutrients exists between different crops. Therefore, selecting proper crops for intercropping can help to improve planting effects.

The Lycium barbarum L. is sensitive to a nitrogen fertilizer. The yield is significantly decreased when nitrogen dose is lower than a certain value. During intercropping of Lycium barbarum L. and the clover, the leguminous clover may provide extra nitrogen for soil; and a certain buffer effect may be provided for the nitrogen fertilizer. During planting of the Lycium barbarum L., excessive nitrogen fertilizers do not need to be applied to ensure yield of the Lycium barbarum L., thereby alleviating land hardening caused by excessive application of the fertilizer.

The intercropping of Lycium barbarum L. and the clover causes problems of allelopathy, misallocation of light, density and moisture, plant diseases and insect pests.

Therefore, how to provide a planting method for intercropping of Lycium barbarum L. and clover is a problem that urgently needs to be solved in the art.

Summary The present invention provides a planting method for intercropping of Lycium barbarum L. and clover.

To achieve the above purpose, technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

The planting method for intercropping of Lycium barbarum L. and clover includes the following steps: 1) applying an organic fertilizer and turning over soil from late February to early March; 2) planting Lycium barbarum L. seedlings and sowing the clover in late March; planting the Lycium barbarum L. in a south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 1.0 -1.2m and a row spacing of 2.5 - 3 m; and planting the clover between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in a south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 1.5-2.5cm and a row spacing of 10 - 15 cm, wherein a distance between one planting row of the Lycium barbarum L. and an adjacent clover planting row is 30 - 35 cm; 3) performing topdressing twice in middle May and middle July respectively; 4) starting to harvest Lycium barbarum L. fruits in early August; and harvesting the clover in middle September; 5) planting winter wheat in a clover sowing area from late September to early October, wherein a seeding amount of the winter wheat is 30 - 40 kg per mu; 6) applying an organic fertilizer from late February to early March of the next year; and performing rotary tillage on the winter wheat in soil; 7) sowing the clover in a winter wheat planting area in late March of the next year, wherein the planting method is the same as the step 2); 8) performing topdressing twice in middle May and middle July of the next year respectively; 9) starting to harvest Lycium barbarum L. fruits in late June of the next year; and harvesting the clover in middle September; 10) repeating the operations in the steps 5) to 9). The present invention has beneficial effects as follows: the Lycium barbarum L. fruits are sensitive to the nitrogen, so the extra nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied for increasing the yield of the Lycium barbarum L. in addition to use of the organic fertilizer during normal planting. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizers may cause problems of soil flora imbalance and hardening. The clover is the leguminous plant and may provide the extra nitrogen fertilizer for the Lycium barbarum L.; the extra nitrogen fertilizer does not need to be added; and a foundation is laid for ecological balance of soil and long - term intercropping development.

The clover has larger leaves and is planted in a spacing region of the Lycium barbarum L., so that soil moisture may be effectively maintained; and water supply in a vegetative sensitive period of the Lycium barbarum L. is ensured. In addition to high nutrient content, the clover may further secrete chemicals to biologically control the plant diseases and insect pests such as aphides.

Planting density determines photosynthetic intensity of the clover, a leaf transpiration rate, an intercellular CO: concentration and other metabolisms, and finally affects characterizations of a leaf growth rate, a root length, a stem - leaf ratio and above - ground biomass, thereby finally affecting water retention capacity of the clover, secretion of antibacterial and insect - resistant substances, autotrophic substances and yield. Experiments show that, the above intercropping has the optimum space effect; too high planting density causes severe allelopathy, nutrient competition, slow crop growth and insufficient accumulation of later nutrients; and too low planting density causes extremely fast water loss and poor pest control effect. Preferably, in the step 1), a dose of the organic fertilizer is 1500 - 2000 kg per mu.

Preferably, in the step 1), a turnover depth is greater than or equal to 15 cm.

Preferably, in the step 1), the arganic fertilizer is farmyard manure.

The beneficial effects are as follows: the farmyard manure is wide in variety, wide in source and large in quantity, is convenient to be locally used, is low in cost and comprehensive in contained nutrients, contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron and some trace elements, and facilitates formation of a soil aggregate structure. Thus, a ratio of air to water in the soil is appropriate; the soil is loose; and abilities of water retention, heat preservation, breathing and fertilizer maintenance are increased.

Preferably, in the step 2), the plant spacing of the Lycium barbarum L. is 1.2 m; and the row spacing is 3.0 m.

Preferably, in the step 2), the plant spacing of the clover is 2.0 cm; the row spacing is 15 cm; and the distance between one planting row of the Lycium barbarum L. and the adjacent clover planting row is 32 cm.

Preferably, in the step 2), a planting depth of the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings is 40 - 60 cm; and a planting depth of the clover is 1.5 - 2.0 cm.

Preferably, the planting depth of the Lycium barbarum L. is 40 cm; and the planting depth of the clover is 1.7 cm.

The beneficial effects are as follows: the planting depth of the clover is 1 - 2 times more than a normal depth; intercropping of the clover has major purposes of water retention, disease prevention and excessive light utilization; the deeply planted clover emerges late, has higher seedling uniformity, and may be accurately arranged according to the planting density, so that effects of the water retention, disease prevention and excessive light utilization may be well achieved. Experiments show that, at a too small planting depth, the clover seedlings are non - uniform; and at a too large planting depth, hypocotyledonary axis is too long, and the clover seedlings have low lodging resistance.

Preferably, in the steps 3) and 8), a topdressing component is a bio - organic fertilizer having a dose of 300 - 400 kg per mu.

Preferably, the dose of the bio - organic fertilizer is 350 kg per mu.

Preferably, the bio - organic fertilizer includes the following components in parts by mass: 60 - 80 parts of farmyard manure, 10 - 20 parts of Trichoderma and 10 - 20 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

The beneficial effects are as follows: the bio - organic fertilizer is applied during topdressing twice and contains the farmyard manure, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, the Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis are synergistic bacteria of crops and may secrete chemicals for further removing intercropping inhibition; the secreted chemicals may further promote plant growth; and the Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis can further inhibit growth of other harmful bacteria through effects of competition and allelopathy, thereby achieving a biological control effect.

Preferably, the bio - organic fertilizer includes 70 parts of farmyard manure, 15 parts of Trichoderma and 15 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

Preferably, in the step 5), the planting density of the winter wheat is as follows: the winter wheat is planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in a south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 8 - 12 cm and a row spacing of 22 - 28 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Lycium barbarum L. and an adjacent winter wheat planting row is 30 - 50 cm.

Preferably, in the step 5), the planting density of the winter wheat is as follows: the plant spacing is 10 cm; the row spacing is 25 cm; and the distance between one planting row of the Lycium barbarum L. and the adjacent winter wheat planting row is 40 cm.

The beneficial effects are as follows: the wheat is a gramineous plant. Chemicals secreted by the wheat during vegetative growth may remove the intercropping obstacle caused by intercropping of the Lycium barbarum L. and the clover. Lots of experimental results in the present application show that, during the intercropping of the Lycium barbarum L. and the clover in the above intercropping mode, wheat seeds need to be planted by 30 kg per mu at least, so as to remove the allelopathy.

Preferably, in the step 6), a dose of the organic fertilizer is 1200 - 1800 kg per mu.

The beneficial effects are as follows: the wheat can secrete the chemicals for removing the allelopathy during growth; particularly the winter wheat will gradually secrete the chemicals to resist the allelopathy during overwintering; through the effect in the winter, the allelopathy may be effectively removed; straws of the wheat have certain adsorption capacity; and when the straws of the wheat are crushed and subjected to rotary tillage in soil, allelopathic chemicals in the soil may be further decreased. The experiments show that, if rotary tillage is not conducted, the wheat seeds need to be planted by 50 kg per mu at least for removing the allelopathy.

Preferably, in the step 6), a topdressing dose is 1500 kg per mu.

The present invention discloses the planting method for the intercropping of the Lycium barbarum L. and the clover. By controlling the parameters of the planting density of the Lycium barbarum L. and the clover and the fertilizers, the aphides may be effectively controlled; the average aphis density may be effectively controlled within 50 aphides per plant; the intercropping obstacle between the Lycium barbarum L. and the clover may be removed; the yield of the Lycium barbarum L. may be stabilized at 380 kg per mu or more; and yield of the clover may be stabilized at 4000 kg per mu or more.

Detailed Description The technical solutions in embodiments of the present invention will be described below clearly and completely. Apparently, the embodiments described are only part of embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the 5 present invention, all other embodiments acquired by those ordinary skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Agents in the present invention are conventional experimental agents and are commercially available; and experimental methods which are not mentioned are conventional experimental methods, which are not repeated here.

Treatment method of Lycium barbarum L. seeds: The Lycium barbarum L. seeds were soaked in brine having a mass concentration of 10% for 15 min; the seeds were dried in an oven at 40°C until surface moisture was 23%; then the seeds were soaked in a Formalin solution having a mass concentration of 1% for 15 min and then sterilized; and the seeds were germinated in a germinating box for 15 h, thereby obtaining the pretreated Lycium barbarum L. seeds.

Clover seeds were purchased from Baike forest tree seed station and may be directly sowed.

Embodiment 1 1) On February 28, 2014, farmyard manure was applied in a test field according to a dose of 1500 kg per mu, wherein a turnover depth was 15 cm; 2) on March 25, 2014, Lycium barbarum L. was planted; Trifolium repens was sowed; the Lycium barbarum L. was planted in a south - north direction, wherein a plant spacing was 1.0 m; a row spacing was 2.5 m; and a planting depth was 40 cm; the Trifolium repens was planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in the south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 1.5 cm and a row spacing of 10 cm; a planting depth was 1.5 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Trifolium repens and an adjacent Lycium barbarum L. planting row was 30 cm; 3) on May 14 and July 16, 2014, topdressing of a bio - organic fertilizer was performed according to a dose of 300 kg per mu; and the fertilizer included the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of Trichoderma and 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 4) on August 15, 2014, the Lycium barbarum L. fruits were picked; 5) on September 13, 2014, the Trifolium repens was harvested; 6) on September 30, 2014, winter wheat was planted in a Trifolium repens planting area, wherein planting density of the winter wheat was as follows: the winter wheat was planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in the south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 8 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Lycium barbarum L. and an adjacent winter wheat planting row was 50 cm;

7) on February 17, 2015, the farmyard manure was applied at a dose of 1200 kg per mu; and the winter wheat was subjected to rotary tillage in soil; 8) on March 25, 2015, the Trifolium repens was sowed in the winter wheat planting area; the Trifolium repens was planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in the south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 1.5 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm; a planting depth was

1.5 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Trifolium repens and an adjacent Lycium barbarum L. planting row was 30 cm; 9) on May 15 and July 17, 2015, topdressing of the bio - organic fertilizer was performed according to a dose of 300 kg per mu; and the applied fertilizer included the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of Trichoderma and 10 parts of Bacifius subtilis; 10) on June 23, 2015, the Lycium barbarum L. fruits were picked; 11) on September 18, 2015, the Trifolium repens was harvested; 12) the operation in the step 6) was repeated; crop yield and pest and disease situations in the second year to the fifth year were counted; and results were shown as Table 1.

Embodiment 2 1) On March 11, 2014, farmyard manure was applied in a test field according to a dose of 2000 kg per mu, wherein a turnover depth was 20 cm; 2) on March 29, 2014, Lycium barbarum L. and Trifolium repens were sowed; the Lycium barbarum L. was planted in a south - north direction, wherein a plant spacing was 120 cm; a row spacing was 3 m; and a planting depth was 60 cm; the Trifolium repens was planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in the south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 2.5 cm and a row spacing of 20 cm; a planting depth was 2.0 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Trifolium repens and an adjacent Lycium barbarum L. planting row was 35 cm; 3) on May 14 and July 18, 2014, topdressing of a bio - organic fertilizer was performed according to a dose of 400 kg per mu; and the fertilizer included the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of Trichoderma and 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 4) on August 13, 2014, the Lycium barbarum L. fruits were picked, 5) on September 19, 2014, the Trifolium repens was harvested; 6) on September 12, 2014, winter wheat was planted in a Trifolium repens planting area, wherein planting density of the winter wheat was as follows: the winter wheat was planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in the south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 12 cm and a row spacing of 40 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Lycium barbarum L. and an adjacent winter wheat planting row was 60 cm;

7) on March 15, 2015, the farmyard manure was applied at a dose of 1800 kg per mu; and the winter wheat was subjected to rotary tillage in soil; 8) on March 28, 2015, the Trifolium repens was sowed in the winter wheat planting area; the Trifolium repens was planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in the south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 2.5 cm and a row spacing of 35 cm; a planting depth was

2.0 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Trifolium repens and an adjacent Lycium barbarum L. planting row was 35 cm; 9) on May 12 and July 14, 2015, topdressing of the bio - organic fertilizer was performed according to a dose of 400 kg per mu; and the applied fertilizer included the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of Trichoderma and 10 parts of Bacifius subtilis; 10) on June 21, 2015, the Lycium barbarum L. fruits were picked; 11) on September 12, 2015, the Trifolium repens was harvested; 12) the operation in the step 6) was repeated; crop yield and pest and disease situations in the second year to the fifth year were counted; and results were shown as Table 1.

Embodiment 3 1) On March 4, 2014, farmyard manure was applied in a test field according to a dose of 1700 kg per mu, wherein a turnover depth was 18 cm; 2) on March 21, 2014, Lycium barbarum L. and Trifolium repens were sowed; the Lycium barbarum L. was planted in a south - north direction, wherein a plant spacing was 120 cm; a row spacing was 3 m; and a planting depth was 50 cm; the Trifolium repens was planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in the south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 2.0 cm and a row spacing of 15 cm; a planting depth was 1.7 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Trifolium repens and an adjacent Lycium barbarum L. planting row was 32 cm; 3) on May 18 and July 16, 2014, topdressing of a bio - organic fertilizer was performed according to a dose of 350 kg per mu; and the fertilizer included the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of farmyard manure, 15 parts of Trichoderma and 15 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 4) on August 18, 2014, the Lycium barbarum L. fruits were picked; 5) on September 15, 2014, the Trifolium repens was harvested; 6) on October 2, 2014, winter wheat was planted in a Trifolium repens planting area, wherein planting density of the winter wheat was as follows: the winter wheat was planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in the south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 10 cm and a row spacing of 35 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Lycium barbarum L. and an adjacent winter wheat planting row was 55 cm;

7) on March 6, 2015, the farmyard manure was applied at a dose of 1500 kg per mu; and the winter wheat was subjected to rotary tillage in soil; 8) on March 22, 2015, the Trifolium repens was sowed in the winter wheat planting area; the Trifolium repens was planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in the south - north direction according to a plant spacing of 2.0 cm and a row spacing of 33 cm; a planting depth was

1.8 cm; and a distance between one planting row of the Trifolium repens and an adjacent Lycium barbarum L. planting row was 32 cm; 9) on May 12 and July 12, 2015, topdressing of the bio - organic fertilizer was performed according to a dose of 350 kg per mu; and the applied fertilizer included the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of farmyard manure, 15 parts of Trichoderma and 15 parts of Bacifius subtilis; 10) on June 20, 2015, the Lycium barbarum L. fruits were picked; 11) on September 19, 2015, the Trifolium repens was harvested; 12) the operation in the step 6) was repeated; crop yield and pest and disease situations in the second year to the fifth year were counted; and results were shown as Table 1. Table 1 Item Year Crop species Yield per mu Average aphis density OT Te Second year Lycium barbarum 87 kg 57 et I | a | Third year Lycium barbarum 108 kg Oe Fourth year Lycium barbarum 144 kg 51 ee I | 98 | Fifth year Lycium barbarum 186 kg 49 em Be kep | we |] Second year Lycium barbarum 54kg 57 ee | Taolumopens | 389 | OO Tes | FE | L.

I LL Fifth year Lycium barbarum 176 kg 54 em tT I | 7 | Second year Lycium barbarum 76 kg 48 ee Telamon | Gez | Third year Lycium barbarum 137 kg 52 Te Fourth year Lycium barbarum 179 kg 46 Te Ts | Be | Fifth year Lycium barbarum 184 kg 50 em Pe Peke | we |] Each embodiment in the description is described in a progressive way. The difference of each embodiment from each other is the focus of explanation. The same and similar parts among all of the embodiments can be referred to each other.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to realize or use the present invention. Many modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principle defined herein can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principle and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

CONCLUSIONS A method for planting a combination crop of Lycium barbarum L. and clover, which method comprises the following steps: 1) applying an organic fertilizer and turning the soil from late February to early March; 2) planting Lycium barbarum L. seedlings and sowing clover in late March; planting Lycium barbarum L. in a south-north direction with a planting distance of 1.0 - 1.4 m and a row spacing of 2.5 - 3.5 m; and planting clover between two rows of Lycium barbarum L. in a south-north direction with a plant spacing of 1.5 - 2.5 cm and a row spacing of 10 - 20 cm, whereby the spacing between a plant row of the Lycium barbarum L. and an adjacent plant row of the clover is 30 - 35 cm; 3) applying top dressing twice, in mid-May and mid-July respectively; 4) start harvesting the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. in early August, and harvest the clover in mid-September; 5) planting winter wheat on a clover sowing site from the end of September to the beginning of October, the amount of winter wheat being 30-40 kg per mu; 6) applying an organic fertilizer from the end of February to the beginning of March of the following year; and carrying out tillage on the winter wheat in the soil; 7) sowing clover in a winter wheat planting box at the end of March of the following year, the planting method being the same as in step 2); 8) performing top dressing twice, respectively in mid-May and mid-July of the following year; 9) starting to harvest the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. at the end of June of the following year; and harvesting the clover in mid-September; 10) repeat the operations of steps 5) — 9). The method of planting a combination crop of Lycium barbarum L. and clover according to claim 1, wherein in step 1) the dose of the organic fertilizer is 1500 - 2000 kg per mu. amounts to. The method of planting a combination crop of Lycium barbarum L. and clover according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the planting depth of the Lycium barbarum L. is 40-60 cm; and a planting depth of the clover is 1.5 - 2.0 cm. The method for planting a combination crop of Lycium barbarum L. and clover according to claim 1, wherein in steps 3) and 8), the top dressing component is a bio-organic fertilizer at a dose of 300-400 kg per mu. . The method for planting a combination crop of Lycium barbarum L. and clover according to claim 4, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components by mass: 60-80 parts farmyard manure, 10-20 parts Trichoderma and 10-20 parts Bacillus subtilis. The method of planting a combination crop of Lycium barbarum L. and clover according to claim 1, wherein in step 5) the planting density of the winter wheat is as follows: the winter wheat is planted between two rows of the Lycium barbarum L. in south - north direction with a planting distance of 8 - 12 cm and a row distance of 22 - 28 cm; and the distance between a plant row of Lycium barbarum L. and an adjacent plant row of winter wheat is 30 - 40 cm. The method for planting a combination crop of Lycium barbarum L. and clover according to claim 1, wherein in step 6) the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 1200 - 1800 kg per mu.