NL2027110B1 - Antimicrobial-Free Broiler Feed - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an antimicrobial-free broiler feed and belongs to the technical field of poultry feed. The antimicrobial-free feed is mainly composed of a basal feed and a premix at a mass ratio of (96-99):(1-3),wherein the basal feed is mainly formed by mixing corn, soybean meal, soybean oil, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, DL-methionine, L- lysine, premix of vitamins and trace elements, and unite bran; and the premix is mainly formed by mixing multivitamin, baking soda, mineral premix, choline chloride (50%), antioxidant and calcium propionate, and broilers are fed with premixes of different formulas based on different growth stages. The feed disclosed by the present invention is green and safe without antibiotics and can improve the intestinal health of broilers, improve the chicken quality and the taste score of slaughtered broilers, and increase the content of flavour substances in chicken, thus being suitable for market promotion and application.
Description
Antimicrobial-Free Broiler Feed
The present invention belongs to the technical field of poultry feed, and particularly relates to an antimicrobial-free broiler feed.
At present, the mixed broiler feed on the market has low absorption efficiency and uneven feeding and cannot meet the nutritional needs of growth of broilers. Moreover, chicks are immunized frequently, and the situation that chicks are underweight at the early stage due to immunological stress is serious.
In addition, for production of broilers, intestinal diseases caused by viruses, bacterial infections, mycotoxins and adverse feeding conditions are common, and antibiotics and chemicals are frequently used, which causes huge economic losses, brings difficulties to treatment of livestock and poultry, and endangers human health. Meanwhile, the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Affairs enacts and implements a law banning the addition of antibiotics in feed from 2020. Therefore, one of important directions in the current research on feed is to find a green, safe and environment-friendly feed additive replacing antibiotics.
To sum up, the problem to be urgently solved by those skilled in the art is how to develop a green, safe and antimicrobial-free broiler feed.
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a green, safe and antimicrobial-free broiler feed with respect to the problems in the prior art, which is green and safe without antibiotics and can maintain better growth performance, antioxidant function and immune function of yellow-feathered broilers to obviously improve the intestinal health of broilers; and the feed can improve the chicken quality and the taste score of slaughtered broilers, and increase the content of flavour substances in chicken, thus being suitable for market promotion and application.
To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
An antimicrobial-free broiler feed, is mainly composed of a basal feed and a premix at a mass ratio of (96-99):(1-3), wherein
The basal feed is mainly formed by mixing corn, soybean meal, soybean oil, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, DL-methionine, L-lysine, premix of vitamins and trace elements, and unite bran;
The premix is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 0.2-0.4 g/kg of multivitamin, 1.3-1.6 g/kg of baking soda, 1.0-1.5 g/kg of mineral premix, 1.0-1.5 g/kg of choline chloride (50%), 0.1-0.2 g/kg of antioxidant and 0.8-1.2 g/kg of calcium propionate.
Further, the antimicrobial-free feed is composed of 99% of basal feed and 1% of premix by mass percent.
Furthermore, the basal feed comprises the following components by mass percent: 60%- 85% of corn, 10%-30% of soybean meal, 0.5%-1.5% of soybean oil, 1%-2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1%-0.5% of salt, 0.1%-0.3% of DL-methionine, 0.1%-0.3% of L-lysine, 1%-3% of premix of vitamins and trace elements, and 0-2% of unite bran.
It should be noted that the components and nutritional levels of the basal feed disclosed above are shown in Table 1 below:
Table 1 130 31-60 61~90 91-115-Day tem -Day Old -Day Old -Day Old Old
Raw Materia, %
Corn 64.10 70.10 76.40 80.70
Soybean Meal 28.90 24.80 18.20 14.30
Soybean Oil 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Stone Powder 1.10 1.00 1.10 1.10
Calcium Hydrophosphate 1.80 1.50 1.20 1.10
Salt 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
DL-methionine (99%) 0.10 0.15 0.17 0.20
L-lysine (78%) 0.10 0.10 0.25 0.25
Premix of Vitamins and Trace
Elements 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Unite Bran 1.55 0.00 0.33 0.00
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Nutritional Level 2850 2950 3000 3050
Metabolic Energy, MJ/kg 19.00 17.50 15.00 13.50
Crude Protein, % 0.92 0.81 0.75 0.72
Ca, % 0.41 0.36 0.30 0.28
P, %3 1.06 0.95 0.90 0.80
Lysine, % 0.39 0.42 0.40 0.41
Methionine, % 0.70 0.71 0.65 0.64
Methionine + Cystine, % 64.10 70.10 76.40 80.70
For the components of the basal feed in Table 1, the feed formula is designed according to
China Feed Ingredients and Nutritional Value Table (28" Edition), and the nutritional levels of the basal feed refer to Q/GDAJK001-2019 Feeding Standard of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens to meet the nutritional requirements of normal growth of Qingyuan partridge chickens.
Further, the premix also comprises 2.0-3.0 g/kg of nano-copper, 0.5-1.0 g/kg of Ganoderma lucidum powder, 0.8-1.0 g/kg of nucleotide, 0.2-0.5 g/kg of accelerator and/or 2.0-5.0 g/kg of unite bran.
Further, the premix also comprises 1.0-1.2 g/kg of sodium glutamate, 0.8-1.2 g/kg of zymogen residue, 0.001-0.005 g/kg of VB2 and/or 0.01-0.05 g/kg of VE.
It should be noted that the premix addition formula disclosed above can regulate the immune function and improve the antioxidant performance, and unite bran, as a carrier, has no substantial nutritional function.
Specifically, 1-90-day old broilers are fed with the following premix and basal feed which are mixed, where the premix is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 0.2-0.4 g/kg of multivitamin, 1.3-1.6 g/kg of baking soda, 1.0-1.5 g/kg of mineral premix, 1.0-1.5 g/kg of choline chloride (50%), 0.1-0.2 g/kg of antioxidant and 0.8-1.2 g/kg of calcium propionate as well as 2.0- 3.0 g/kg of nano-copper, 0.5-1.0 g/kg of Ganoderma lucidum powder, 0.8-1.0 g/kg of nucleotide, 0.2-0.5 g/kg of accelerator and/or 2.0-5.0 g/kg of unite bran. 91-115-day old broilers are fed with the following premix and basal feed which are mixed, where the premix is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 0.2-0.4 g/kg of multivitamin, 1.3-1.6 g/kg of baking soda, 1.0-1.5 g/kg of mineral premix, 1.0-1.5 g/kg of choline chloride (50%), 0.1-0.2 g/kg of antioxidant and 0.8-1.2 g/kg of calcium propionate as well as 1.0- 1.2 g/kg of sodium glutamate, 0.8-1.2 g/kg of zymogen residue, 0.001-0.005 g/kg of VB: and/or 0.01-0.05 g/kg of VE.
It can be known from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an antimicrobial-free broiler feed and has the following excellent effects: (1) The broiler feed disclosed by the present invention has simple and convenient preparation and application methods, and has the effects of no antibiotics, no toxic side effect and no residue; (2) The antimicrobial-free broiler feed disclosed by the present invention can improve the chicken quality and the taste score of slaughtered broilers, and increase the content of flavour substances in chicken.
The technical solution disclosed by the present invention will be clearly and fully described below in combination with the corresponding embodiments. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those ordinary skilled in the art without contributing creative labor will belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiments of the present invention disclose a green, safe and antimicrobial-free broiler feed, and the test broilers of the embodiments of the present invention are preferably
Qingyuan partridge chickens.
To better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments, but shall not be interpreted as a limitation to the present invention.
Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art according to the contents of the present invention shall also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the antimicrobial-free broiler feed disclosed by the present invention is mainly formed by mixing the basal feed and the premix, wherein the components and nutritional levels of the basal feed for 1-115-day old broilers are shown in Table 1 above, and the components of the premix for 1-115-day old broilers are shown in the following embodiments.
Embodiments 1-4 show the components of the premix for 1-30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens, as shown in Table 2 below for details, in a unit of g:
Table 2 Formula of 1% of Premix (g/t) (1-30-Day Old) "Name of Additve 1 2 3 4 © Multivitamin 300 300 300 300
Baking Soda 1500 1500 1500 1500
Mineral Premix 1100 1100 1100 1100
Choline Chloride (50%) 1200 1200 1200 1200
Antioxidant 150 150 150 150
Calcium Propionate 1000 1000 1000 1000
Nano-copper 2500
Ganoderma lucidum
Powder 000
Nucleotide 1000
Accelerator 300
Unite Bran 4750 2250 3150 4450
Total 10000 10000 10000 10000
Embodiments 5-8 show the components of the premix for 31-80-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens, as shown in Table 3 below for details, in a unit of g:
Table 3 Formula of 1% of Premix (g/t) (31-60-Day Old) ~ Name of Additive 5 6 7 8 "Multivitamin 250 250 250 250
Baking Soda 1500 1500 1500 1500
Mineral Premix 1100 1100 1100 1100
~ Choline Chloride (50%) 1200 1200 1200 1200
Antioxidant 150 150 150 150
Calcium Propionate 1000 1000 1000 1000
Nano-copper 2500
Ganoderma lucidum
Powder 800
Nucleotide 1000
Accelerator 300
Unite Bran 4800 2300 3200 4500
Total 10000 10000 10000 10000
Embodiments 9-12 show the components of the premix for 61-90-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens, as shown in Table 4 below for details, in a unit of g: 5
Table 4 Formula of 1% of Premix (g/t) (61-90-Day Old)
OO Additve © 10 11 12 © Multivitamin ~~ 200 200 200 200
Baking Soda 1500 1500 1500 1500
Mineral Premix 1100 1100 1100 1100
Choline Chloride (50%) 1200 1200 1200 1200
Antioxidant 150 150 150 150
Calcium Propionate 1000 1000 1000 1000
Nano-copper 2500
Ganoderma lucidum
Powder c00
Nucleotide 1000
Accelerator 300
Unite Bran 4850 2350 3250 4550
Total 10000 10000 10000 10000
Embodiments 13-16 show the components of the premix for 91-115-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens, as shown in Table 5 below for details, in a unit of g:
Table 5 Formula of 1% of Premix (g/t) (91-115-Day Old) "Name of Additive 12 3 4 ~ Multivitamin 200 200 200 200
Baking Soda 1500 1500 1500 1500
Mineral Premix 1100 1100 1100 1100
Choline Chloride (50%) 1200 1200 1200 1200
Antioxidant 150 150 150 150
Calcium Propionate 1000 1000 1000 1000
Nano-copper 2500
Ganoderma lucidum
Powder 000
Nucleotide 1000
Accelerator 300
Sodium Glutamate 1080 1080
Zymogen Residue 1000 1000 1000
VB: 4 4
VE 40 40
Unite Bran 4850 226 1126 3550
Total 10000 10000 10000 10000
In addition, to further describe the effect of the antimicrobial-free broiler feed disclosed by the present invention, the inventor carries out the following tests for evaluation, wherein the test period is 30 days or 115 days: 1. The test design for a 30-day test period is shown in Table 6 below:
Table 6 - Growp ~ Treatment! ~~ BasalDiet
Treatment 2 Basal diet + 2500 mg/kg of nano-copper
Basal diet + 600 mg/kg of Ganoderma lucidum
Treatment 3 powder and 1000 mg/kg of nucleotide
Treatment 4 Basal diet + 300 mg/kg of improved accelerator ss
Or, the test design for a 115-day test period is shown in Table 7 below:
Table 7 - Growp ~ Treatment! ~~ BasalDiet
Treatment 2 Basal diet + anti-stress agent added group (nano- copper)
Basal diet + antioxidant added group (Ganoderma
Treatment 3 lucidum powder)
Treatment 4 Basal diet + meat modifier added group (accelerator)
It should be noted that the test adopts simple factor design of experiment. 1200 1-day-old
Qingyuan partridge chickens are selected as test chickens according to the principle of equal weight, wherein each chicken is treated for 10 repetitions, and each repetition involves 30 chickens.
The feeding test is carried out on a feeding farm, and cage feeding is adopted. The feeding management and environmental conditions of each treatment are consistent, and test chickens are free to eat granules and drink water and are raised and immunized according to the conventional feeding operation regulations and immune procedures, and the temperature, the humidity, the weather situation, and the maximum and minimum temperatures are recorded every day.
Each group is fed with the antimicrobial-free feed disclosed by the present invention in sequence, wherein the basal feed is shown in Table 1 above, and the disclosed premix formula is shown as disclosed in above embodiments 1-18, in a unit of g.
Data processing and statistical analysis: for the results, one-way ANOVA is carried out on the data by SPSS 17.0 statistical software, and the Duncan's method is adopted for multiple comparisons. The results are indicated by average values and total standard deviations, and P<0.05 is the judgment criterion of difference significance. 2. Index Determination (1) Growth performance:
During the test, the health status, ingestion and other conditions of each chicken are observed every day and recorded in detail, and once a chicken dies, the weight and the amount of remaining feed thereof are measured immediately to eliminate the influence of the dead chicken on the final test results.
The feed is cut off but the water is supplied at 10:00 the night before the end of the test, the chickens are weighed accurately at 9:00 the next day in a unit of repetition, the feed consumption is counted, and the average daily weight gain, the average daily feed intake and the feed to gain ratio are calculated.
(2) Carcass quality:
At the end of the test, the test chickens are weighed, and 2 test chickens close to the average weight are selected for each repetition, slaughtered and sampled. A round area with a diameter of 10 cm on the back of a test chicken is selected, and the pores of pterylae with feather pulp not fully absorbed in the area are counted.
Meanwhile, the live weight, the dressed weight, the half-eviscerated weight, the eviscerated weight, the bilateral breast muscle weight, the bilateral leg muscle weight, the bilateral wing weight and the abdominal fat weight are measured and recorded, and the dressing percentage, the half- eviscerated percentage, the eviscerated percentage, the breast muscle percentage, the leg muscle percentage, and the abdomen fat percentage are calculated according to the following formulas:
Dressing Percentage (%) = Dressed Weight/Live Weight x 100
Half-Eviscerated Percentage (%) = Half-Eviscerated Weight/Live Weight x 100
Eviscerated Percentage (%) = Eviscerated Weight/Live Weight x 100
Breast Muscle Percentage (%) = Breast Muscle Weight/Eviscerated Weight x 100
Leg Muscle Percentage (%) = Leg Muscle Weight/Eviscerated Weight x 100
Wing Percentage (%) = Wing Weight/Eviscerated Weight x 100
Abdomen Fat Percentage (%) = (Abdominal Fat Weight + Muscular Stomach External Fat
Weight)/Eviscerated Weight x 100 (3) Antioxidant performance index:
The above slaughter test chickens are subjected to blood sampling before being slaughtered and dissected, and 5 mL of blood is sampled from the wing vein by a blood sampling tube filled with anticoagulant (heparin sodium). The blood is centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 15 min to separate the serum. The jejunum is split and rinsed with a PBS buffer solution to remove contents, and then intestinal mucosa is scraped and taken.
A multimode reader (SpectraMaxM-5, Molecular Devices company, USA) and a kit from
NanJing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute are used to determine the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and jejunal mucosa and the activity of glutathione catalase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD). (4) Chicken quality:
The left and right breast muscles of the slaughtered test chickens are stored at 4°C, and the luminance (L*) value, the redness (a*) value and the yellowness (b*) value of the chicken colour are determined with a colorimeter (CR-410, Minolta, Japan) at 45 min and 24 h after slaughtering;
The pH value of chicken is determined with a portable pH meter (HI8424, Beijing Hanna
Instruments Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing) at 45 min and 72 h after slaughtering.
The shear force of chicken is determined with a tenderness meter (Instron 4411, Instron
Corporation, US) is determined at 24 h after slaughtering, and the drip loss of the breast muscle is determined. (5) Taste of chicken:
The breast muscle is cut into strips about 2-3 cm long, 1 cm wide and 1 cm high, and steamed for 15 min or boiled for 3 min, during which no seasoner is added.
The colour, the shape, the odour, the flavour, the tenderness, the juiciness and the broth freshness of chicken cooked by the above two methods are respectively scored by professionally trained personnel, with the value of 1 (poor), 2 (bad), 3 (average), 4 (good) and 5 (excellent). (6) Jejunum villus morphology:
For the above slaughtered test chickens, 1 cm of jejunum is taken and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, then prepared into paraffin sections and subjected to haematoxylin-eosin staining. The jejunum villus morphology is observed under an optical microscope (Nikon Eclipse
Cl, Nikon, Japan), the villus length and the crypt depth are measured with Image-pro plus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics company, USA), and the villus/crypt ratio is calculated.
Villus/Crypt Ratio = Villus Length/Crypt Depth (7) Immune organ indexes:
For the above slaughtered test chickens, the bursa of Fabricius, the thymus and the spleen are extracted, and then the test chickens are rapidly weighed after the blood stains and fat are removed.
Immune Organ Index (%) = Immune Organ Weight/Live Weight x 100 (8) Content of immunoglobulin and cytokine:
A multimode reader (SpectraMaxM-5, Molecular Devices company, USA) and an Elisa kit from Beijing Fangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. are used to determine the content of immunoglobulin A (IgA), interferon-y (IFN-y), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-0) in plasma and the content of IgA and IFN-y in jejunal mucosa. 3. Test Results and Analysis
I. Influence of bioactive additives on Qingyuan partridge chickens with feeding period of 30 days: (1) Influence of bioactive additives on growth performance of 1-30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens
As shown in Table 8, three bioactive additives have no significant influence on the final growth weight, the average daily weight gain, the average daily feed intake and the feed to gain ratio of 1-30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens (P>0.05).
Table 8 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Growth Performance of 1-30-Day Old
Qingyuan Partridge Chickens © em Control Treatment Treatment Treatment ~~ __ =
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 © Initial Weight/g ~~ 30.73 3117 31.04 3075 029
Final Weight/g 304.87 307.16 308.57 296.21 5.23
Average Daily Weight
Gain 7.83 7.89 7.93 7.58 0.15
Average Daily Feed
Intakelg 16.55 16.83 14.82 16.77 0.95
Feed to Gain Ratio 2.12 2.14 1.88 2.22 0.13
Note: The same lowercase letter or no letter on the shoulder letters of the data in the same row indicates no significant difference (P>0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). See the following table. (2) Influence of bioactive additives on immune organ indexes of 1-30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens
As shown in Table 9, compared with the control group, the treatment group 2 (600 mg/kg of
Ganoderma lucidum powder and 1000 mg/kg of nucleotide) significantly increases the thymus index of 30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the treatment group 1 (2500 mg/kg of nano-copper) and the treatment group 3 (300 mg/kg of improved accelerator) have no influence on the immune organ indexes of Qingyuan partridge chickens. However, the spleen index (P<0.05) of test chickens of the treatment group 1 and the liver index (P<0.05) of test chickens of the treatment group 3 are increased compared with those of the treatment group 2.
Table 9 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Immune Organ Indexes of 1-30-Day Old
Qingyuan Partridge Chickens © em Gontol Treatment Treatment Treatment yy
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Liver 2.81% 2.79% 2.60° 2.892 0.08
Thymus 0.645 0.732 0.792 0.74% 0.04
Spleen 0.29% 0.30 0.27P 0.28% 0.01
Bursa of Fabricius 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.24 0.02 (3) Influence of bioactive additives on jejunum villus morphology of 1-30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens
As shown in Table 10, three bioactive additives have no significant influence on the jejunum villus height, the crypt depth and the villus/crypt ratio of 30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens (P>0.05), and the villus/crypt ratio of the test chickens of the treatment group 1 is increased by 13% compared with that of the control group (P>0.05).
Table 10 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Jejunum Villus Morphology of 1-30-Day Old
Qingyuan Partridge Chickens tem (Control Treatment Treatment Treatment ~~ __ =~
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Villus Height, mm 1.03 0.95 0.92 0.93 0.06
Crypt Depth, mm 0.18 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.01
Villus/Crypt Ratio 5.97 6.76 5.85 5.97 0.59 (4) Influence of bioactive additives on antioxidant performance indexes of 1-30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens
The antioxidant performance indexes of Qingyuan partridge chickens are shown in Table 11.
Compared with the control group, the treatment group 1 significantly improves the activity of GSH-
Px in plasma (P<0.05) and reduces the content of MDA in jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), the treatment group 3 significantly reduces the content of MDA in plasma and jejunum (P<0.05), and three active additives can significantly improve the activity of T-SOD in plasma and jejunum (P<0.05).
It is found through comparison of the treatment groups that the test chickens of the treatment group 1 have the activity of GSH-Px in plasma significantly higher than those of the treatment group 3 (P<0.05) and the content of MDA in intestinal tract significantly lower than those of the treatment group 2 (P<0.05); and the test chickens of the treatment group 3 have the content of
MDA in plasma and jejunum significantly lower than those of the treatment group 2 (P<0.05).
Table 11 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Antioxidant Performance Index of 1-30-Day
Old Qingyuan Partridge Chickens © em (Control Treatment Treatment Treatment =
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 ~~ Plasma
GSH-p U/mL 4242.75° 4654.06° 4405.412 4181.29° 51.88
T-SOD U/mL 46.13° 47.89 48.68° 48.932 0.33
MDA nmol/mL 6.792 5.21% 6.592 4.42° 0.33
Jejunum
GSH-px U/mg pr 94.96 94.33 106.32 109.25 3.87
T-SOD U/mg pr 172.08" 205.252 195.222 195.933 2.01
MDA nmol/mg pr 2.082 1.59 1.932 1.63" 0.07 (5) Influence of bioactive additives on immune factors of 1-30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens
As shown in Table 12, compared with that of the control group, the content of IgA in jejunum of the test chickens of the treatment group 1 is significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of TNF-a in plasma and the content of the IFN-y in jejunum of the test chickens of the treatment group 2 are significantly reduced (P<0.05). It is found through comparison of the additive groups that the test chickens of the treatment group 1 have the content of IFN-y in plasma significantly lower than and the content of IgA significantly higher than those of the treatment group 3 (P<0.05), and the test chickens of the treatment group 2 have the content of TNF-a in plasma and the content of IFN-y in jejunum significantly lower than those of the treatment group 3 (P<0.05).
Table 12 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Immunoglobulin and Cytokine of 1-30-day
Old Qingyuan Partridge Chickens
Control Treatment Treatment Treatment
Item SEM
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Plasma
IgA ug/mL 14.86 13.20 13.60 15.05 0.29
IFN-y ng/L 45.183 43.695 46.70% 48.30° 0.65
IL-8 ng/L 79.30 72.99 73.26 78.24 1.22
TNF-a ng/L 50.012 46.932" 43.95° 49.942 1.04
Jejunum
IgA ug/mg pr 29.05° 34.202 29.87" 29.70° 0.66
IFN-y ng/g pr 103.262 108.68? 91.19° 103.672 2.87
It can be known from the above analysis that the broiler feed disclosed by the present invention has no influence on the growth performance of 1-30-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens and can improve the antioxidant performance indexes, and the treatment group 1 and the treatment group 2 can adjust the immune performance, wherein the treatment group 1 has the optimal adjusting effect on antioxidant performance, and the treatment group 2 has the optimal adjusting effect on immune performance. Therefore, the antimicrobial-free broiler feed disclosed by the present invention has high market application and promotion values.
II. Influence of bioactive additives on Qingyuan partridge chickens with feeding period of 115 days: (6) Influence of bioactive additives on growth performance of Qingyuan partridge chickens
As shown in Table 13, the above three bioactive additives have no significant influence on the final growth weight, the average daily weight gain, the average daily feed intake and the feed to gain ratio of 1-115-day old Qingyuan partridge chickens (P>0.05).
Table 13 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Growth Performance of 1-115-Day Old
Qingyuan Partridge Chickens © em (Control Treatment Treatment Treatment ~~ __ =
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Initial Weight/g 30.73 31.17 31.04 30.75 0.29
Final Weight/g 1533.18 1533.53 1530.43 1515.01 9.29
Average Daily Weight
Gain’ 13.06 13.06 13.04 12.91 0.08
Average Daily Feed 44.45 44.79 45.08 44.69 0.27
Intake/g
Feed to Gain Ratio 3.40 3.43 3.46 3.46 0.02
The same lowercase letter or no letter on the shoulder letters of the data in the same row indicates no significant difference (P>0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). See the following table. (7) Influence of bioactive additives on carcass quality of slaughtered Qingyuan partridge chickens
As shown in Table 14, the slaughter rate of the test chickens of the treatment group 3 is significantly lower than that of the treatment group 2 and the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the treatment group 1 and the treatment group 3 significantly reduce the number of pores on the back of Qingyuan partridge chickens (P<0.05).
Table 14 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Carcass Quality of 115-Day Old
Qingyuan Partridge Chickens © em (Control Treatment Treatment Treatment Oy
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Dressing Percentage, % 91.63% 91.172 91.532 90.84 0.25
Half-Eviscerated 82.86 83.21 82.66 81.27 0.64
Percentage, %
Eviscerated Percentage, % 68.01 68.37 67.52 66.05 0.58
Breast Muscle Percentage, % 14.94 15.00 15.74 15.55 0.30
Leg Muscle Percentage, % 17.09 16.27 16.43 16.47 0.30
Wing Percentage, % 10.72 10.71 10.67 11.06 0.12
Abdomen Fat Percentage, % 5.96 5.89 7.10 6.55 0.46
Number of Pores 8.752 8.00° 8.14% 8.00° 0.24 (8) Influence of bioactive additives on chicken quality of slaughtered Qingyuan partridge chickens
The chicken quality of Qingyuan partridge chickens is shown in Table 15. Compared with the control group, the compounded technologies of three bioactive additives can significantly reduce the yellowness (b*) value (P<0.05) of breast muscle at 45 min and the luminance (L*) value (P<0.05) of breast muscle at 24 h after slaughtering of the test chickens; meanwhile, the treatment group 1 also significantly reduces the b* value (P<0.05) at 24 h after slaughtering of the test chickens; and the three treatment groups significantly reduce the pH value of breast muscle at 45 min after slaughtering of the test chickens. The drip loss of the breast muscle of the test chickens of the treatment group 2 is significantly reduced compared with that of the control group (P<0.05).
Table 15 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Chicken Quality of 115-Day Old
Qingyuan Partridge Chickens © em (Control Treatment Treatment Treatment Ey
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 a*-45min 12.102 11.08° 12.012 12.012 0.17 b*-45min 53.692 47.64° 52.20 51.39P 0.44
L*-24h 54.032 52.45: 53.00? 52.95% 0.24 a*-24h 10.592" 11.152 10.03" 11.01% 0.13 b*-24h 13.46% 12.50? 12.99% 13.352 0.15 pH-45 min 5.56° 5.88° 5.69" 5.69° 0.02 pH-72h 5.82 5.79 5.83 576 0.01
Drip Loss, % 4.80° 4.02% 2.925 4.182 0.29
Shear Force, kgf 32.85% 33.18% 36.57° 31.98" 0.83 wherein L*: luminance a‘: redness b*: yellowness (9) Influence of bioactive additives on chicken flavour taste of slaughtered Qingyuan partridge chickens
The taste score of flavour substances in the chicken of Qingyuan partridge chickens is shown in Table 18. When the chicken is steamed, the scores of the colour and shape of the treatment group 3 are significantly higher than those of the control group {P<0.05). The juiciness of the chicken of the treatment group 2 is significantly higher than that of the control group with the cooking methods of steaming and boiling (P<0.05).
Table 16 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Chicken Flavour Taste of 115-Day Old
Qingyuan Partridge Chickens
Cooking Control Treatment Treatment Treatment
Item SEM
Method Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Colour and Shape 2.71° 3.25% 2.88% 3.50 0.13
Odour (smelled with 3.00 3.57 3.00 3.25 0.11 nose)
Flavour (tasted with 2.71 3.13 3.00 3.13 0.14 tongue)
Steaming Tenderness (chewed 2.57 2.63 3.25 3.13 0.15 with teeth)
Juiciness (observed with eyes and 2.290 2.62% 3.132 2.75% 0.13 chewed with teeth)
Broth Freshness 2.86 3.13 3.50 3.25 0.14
Colour and Shape 3.33 4.00 3.44 3.88 0.14
Boiling Odour (smelled with 3.78 3.67 3.89 3.13 0.13 nose)
~~ Flavour (tasted with ~~ _ __ tongue) 3.67 3.78 3.89 3.63 0.13
Tenderness {chewed with teeth) 3.56 3.33 3.89 4.00 0.12
Juiciness (observed with eyes and 267° 3.672 3.782 3.63% 0.16 chewed with teeth)
Broth Freshness 3.78 3.89 3.67 3.25 0.14 (10) Influence of bioactive additives on content of flavour substances in chicken of slaughtered Qingyuan partridge chickens
As shown in Table 17, compared with the control group, the treatment group 1 and the treatment group 3 significantly increase the content of inosinic acid (P<0.05) and glutamic acid (P<0.05) in the chicken of Qingyuan partridge chickens, and the treatment group 3 also significantly increases the content of intramuscular fat (P<0.05).
Table 17 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Content of Flavour Substances in Chicken of 115-Day Old Qingyuan Partridge Chickens 4m Control Treatment Treatment Treatment ey
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Inosinic Acid 2.35° 2.692 2.62% 2.812 8.08
Glutamic Acid 31.83° 35.78 34.96% 35.272 0.08
Intramuscular Fat 2.955 3.22% 2.64° 4.412 0.10 (11) Influence of bioactive additives on antioxidant performance indexes of slaughtered
Qingyuan partridge chickens
It can be known from Table 18 that the enzyme activity of GSH-Px in plasma of the test chickens of the treatment group 1 is significantly increased compared with that of the test chickens of the control group and the treatment group 2 (P<0.05); and the enzyme activity of GSH-Px in intestinal tract of the test chickens of the treatment group 3 is significantly increased compared with the other three groups (P<0.05).
Table 18 Influence of Three Bioactive Additives on Antioxidant Performance Indexes of 115-Day Old Qingyuan Partridge Chickens
Control Treatment Treatment Treatment
Item SEM
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Plasma
GSH-px U/mL 6832.54° 7384.12 6785.93° 7073.37% 68.28
T-SOD U/mL 1368.30 1259.45 1119.29 1334.80 46.21
MDA nmol/mL 2.37 2.37 2.35 2.36 0.06
Jejunum
GSH-px U/mg pr 180.70° 159.17 181.26 269.597 9.92
T-SOD U/mg pr 645.40 587.72 536.74 563.01 21.34
MDA nmol/mg pr 0.29 0.30 0.23 0.29 0.02
It can be known from the above analysis that the broiler feed disclosed by the present invention has the effects of no antibiotics, no toxic side effect and no residue, and the antimicrobial-free broiler feed can improve the chicken quality and the taste score of slaughtered broilers and increase the content of flavour substances in chicken. Therefore, the antimicrobial- free broiler feed disclosed by the present invention has high market application and promotion values.
The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to realize or use the present invention. Many modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principle defined herein can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principle and novel features disclosed herein.
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