NL1043997B1 - Aluminium frame building, build element and method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

De uitvinding heeft betrekking op een Constructief element zoals ligger of staander in aluminium, het element voorzien in een langwerpige holle profilering in 5 dwarsdoorsnede, in het bijzonder door middel van extrusie, waarbij de holle doorsnede voorzien is van tenminste één binnenwanddeel dat zich vrij uitstrekt tussen de twee zijwanden van het element. In het bijzonder is het element rechthoekig van vorm, genomen in dwarsdoorsnede, waarbij de langere zijden de zijwanden van het element vormen, en de binnenwand zich parallel uitstrekt aan een boven- en een onderwand van 10 het element. De binnenwand strekt zich bij voorkeur uit over althans nagenoeg de volledige lengte van het element. 1043997

Description

ALUMINIUM FRAME BUILDING, BUILD ELEMENT AND METHOD THEREFOR [oooi] The present invention relates to large buildings erected by means of an aluminum stands and girders framework, structural elements such as girders for the same and method of building in aluminum. The type of buildings the present invention relates to comprises multilayer parking garages and/or office and domestic structures, capable of supporting considerable weight in a long lasting safe, and sufficiently five withstanding manner, yet enabling the application of aluminum material as at least part of the building.

[0062] Such type of large structures are known in other material such as wood, concrete and iron or steel, e.g. from the 2009 publication in Technisch Weekblad Tijdelijke parkeergarage bidet de oplossing’ (Temporary parking garage provides the solution), in which a demountable parking building is proposed, using a construction frame in steel elements and light weight parking floor parts in glass fiber composite, However, the 185 material aluminum up to date, for as far in connection with building, is mostly applied in the form of so called profiles, e.g. in the form of window or door frames. When i comes to real building, aluminum building elements are known for relatively small, ie. offen single layer buildings such as in horticulture or in event podiums or stands. Girders in such buildings are in the form of profiles, hollow tubes or at best in the form of built up trusses,

[0003] In cases where heavy loads are carried by aluminum structures, these typically are of dedicated such as military nature, rather than as a desired economic basic building element such as girder or stand. Hence the known aluminum building elements are incapable, certainly not typically suited or desired for use in large structures such as multilayer dwelling blocks, office buildings and garages. Yet the alaminur material not only has the value of being light weight, but also of being entirely and relatively easily re- useable as is mn these day highly desired for realizing a circular economy.

[004] Inthe present invention hence, a fundamental improvement is made in the practice of constructing buildings, whether temporary or permanently or semi permanently, by providing one or more of newly developed designs for construction element designs including for realizing at least part of a framework for a building in alummum material, and a building method suitable for applying this material

“Pe [00051 One such new element or method developed in view of realizing the goal of the present invention relates to a constructive element such as girder or stand in aluminium, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section provided with at least one inner wall part freely extending between the two lateral walls of the element, In this manner a fundamental design for a large or main girder for use in large buildings is realised. The element is therein rectangular shaped as taken in cross section, the longer sides forming the lateral walls of the element, and the inser wall extending in parallel to au upper and a lower wall of the element. The mer wall heren extends over at least substantially the full length of the of the clement, and preferably the element correspondingly is provided another, parallel to the first inner wall extending inner wall part. The distance between the inner walls may herein be preferably larger than between an inner wall part and the adjacent upper or lower outer wall part of the element.

[0006] Ina further elaboration of such girder element, the distance between the inner walls may be between one and a half and two and a half times, preferably at least about twice of the distance between an inner wall and an outermost upper or lower wall of the element. Also, the upper and the lower wall of the clement are of a consistent relatively large thickness compared to the thickness of an inner wall, In yet further elaboration, the thickness of at least one outermost upper or lower wall may be twice the thickness of an inner wall. The thickness of a lateral wall part above and below an inner wall is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part, and the thickness of a lateral wall part between the inner walls may be smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part.

[0007] In yet further elaboration, at least one of an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part is of a larger thickness than the remainder section of the lateral wall part. The thickness of the at least one of the upper or lower section of the lateral wall may smaller than the thickness of an upper or lower wall of the element. A to be nominated upper wall of the clement may centrally provided with a longitudinally extending vim, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall, and at least one of the upper and lower section of a lateral wall is provided with a groove, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall. The groove may be

“3 meorporated at a level at least largely within the thickness, at least within the projection of the relevant upper or lower wall. feooR] In practice the element may be constructed, at least is capable of being constructed as a composite element in which two element parts are in line infercomected S bya fitting inner element part, the element extending in a corresponding hollow section of the element pacts. The inner element part may preferably be included in between two inner wall parts, and the inner element is provided as a hollow element in alooisiom. H may be fixed, preferably in a releasable manner such as by bolting, to the in line element parts, and it may extend over at least virtually the full length of the composite clement.

[0009] The element in accordance with the present invention may further favourably be part of a square element, is transversely connected with a transverse element part such as a stand or colanm part, in particular by aluminium welding, more in particular to an open end of the other transverse element part, the advantageously creating a pre-assembled module, enhancing work on site.

iS [900] In construction of such square element, the lateral walls of one element part are connected to the tip end of the other transverse part, in particular under omission of an end part of the outer wall facing, ie, at the side of the other transverse element. The open tip end of one of the two transverse connected element parts may therein be closed off by a plate included in line with the remote outer wall of the other transverse element part, connecting the upper and lateral walls of the one transverse connected element part with the tip end of the aligned outer wall of the other transverse connected element part, [Dii] The connection between the transverse element parts may be re-enforced by a plated shore extending at an acute angle with cach of the transverse element pats. The plated shore then extends between two transverse extending side plates, parallel to the lateral sides of the transverse element parts. The side plates are formed by one of the two transverse clement parts, and wherein the inner wall or walls extend up to the shore plate, ie. are limited in length relative to the length of the upper, at least outer most wall part of the relevant transverse element part. [00121 The invention obviously further encompasses s method of constructing a building, comprising the use of a constructive element in aluminium in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive element part is connected to a another corresponding clement part with transversely connected element part, the dn transverse element part included as a column, in particular by connection to a column base, using a fitting inner clement part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses. The inner part may be moladed in the connecting part of the square element, and in particular the inner element part may be slid into the other, to be connected, aligned S element part. Also, two square element are joint together, back to back as it were, so as to form a T shaped constructive element, the joint parts forming a pillar or column, Favorably a square clement pact, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to its base, in advance of connection with an elongated element part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method clause, Finally the 16 invention relates to a building construction with an element or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses.

[0013] The construction system sccording to the invention includes as outcome & dorable and flexible modolar construction work such as a parking garage, with which an 18 above-ground building as for mobile or permanent living, shop and/or offices complex, may be realised, i.e, erected, with or without or entirely as parking garage, quickly and with little inconvenience to the surroundings. fooi] A building according to the invention may at a later stage, simply and with relatively ttle cost be taken down, deleted, moved, modified, or fitted into a permanent situation on location or elsewhere,

[0015] At least if implemented as parking garage Parking, actually as a Modular Parking Concept (MPC) a building according to the invention ís at this time a, if not the most future-proof, durable and most sconomical solution. Because of the inherently representative design and low-maintenance construction, the concept is also well suited asa permanent parking facility, which will be with low running, i.e. exploitation costs. {0016} A building according to the invention is, partly to increase the commercial feasibility, may also be used in combination with other features, such as commercial spaces in the form of shops, offices, bicycle parking and other social facilities, e.p, on the ground floor. Also storages and/or self-storage may be integrated, c.g. as in a middle floor, A building on the basis of the present invention may typically also be equipped with leisure, sports and/or green facilities, in particular applied to the roof level.

5. {00177 A building on the basis of the present invention is also well suited for having finished the facades in various forms of architectural appearance, allowing an optimal urban integration could be achieved, and may also easily be used for advertising purposes.

[9018] Ina favourable implementation a building according to the invention is based on a concept for a system garage for demountable, preferably but not necesarily coated aluminium components such as columns and main carriers, equipped with again, preferably coated aluminium floors. These are typically provided in a standard master of 16,20 metres x 540 m. The building according to the invention is further characterised in 19 that at least the structural components and hence also the floor elements completely reusable "cradle-to-cradle" ahiminium system components, The components ate preferably finished with a sustainable, environmentally friendly, low-maintenance and fire-retardant coating, well-known in itself, however up to now only, yet already for decades, applied the offshore. With a layer thickness of 2 wun or less, such coating guarantees a fire retardancy of the entire main supporting structure of at least 60 minutes.

[0019] The system components are mutually coupled by so-called "click-and-plug" connections, and irimmed/imposed with rubber system profiles, W&E transit facilities may be integrated in the hollow spaces of the columns,

[0020] The headroom in the framework, hence also at application as a garage provides below the mam joints, Le. main girders, 2.60 m and below the in between floor construction ca. 3.10 m. The hollow aluminium floorboards are typically 0.15 cm high and are typically provided in cartridges of 2.00 x 5.00 m according to a "click" floor connection system, The are preferably, e.g. by way of finishing, sutually fixed by means of aluminium welding, seam welding in particular. In a parking dedicated part of the building the standard subjects or parking lots are typically of an area of 2.50 by 5.15 m1, The roads in the concept according to the invention preferably have ong-way traffic between the parking bays.

[0921] The coating of the main supporting structure is available in multiple colours, as well as the rough coating of the parking floors, making the experience of the car park up to the expectations of the contemporary user, the operator, the owner and the surrounding area.

“Gn [00221 This protective costing is very durable, with a warranty for a period of 10 years, and therewith takes it, compared to the average coating with the same purpose in existing parking garages, to relatively much lower annual operating costs.

[0023] The framework of the building consists of light weight, smartly prefabricated and "40-foot"-containerproot " transportable system components, allowing fast realisation with less associated noise pollution. The result is a sustainable and high-quality parking garage which later, if necessary, is easy to increase, reduce, to move or remove.

[0024] The basic concept of a building in accordance with the present invention, that is to say, without additional reinforcements or bracing, provides for a standard parking of upto at least 4 parking levels in a simplified, first extrusion parts only embodiment, i.e. without e.g. cast aluminiun intermediate elements, and considerably higher tn a further elaboration of the invention involving cast aluminium intermediate slements, Certainly with reinforcement braces in the facades the garage may simply be adjusted to any height. Incidentally, also the span of a main joist, alieruatively denoted girder according to the invention, or the load capacity thereof may relatively easily be increased using further measures in accordance with the invention, in particular by means of appropriate internal, as hollow profile executed slements.

[0025] The parking lots “on the roof’, Le, on the top deck, may separately be provided with a roof awning. In their combination with solar panels, the garage may completely provide in its own energy needs,

[0026] The relatively very light weight of a building according to the invention in relation to buildings in steel or concrete, up to 45 kg/m2 per parking layer in the case of an application, cause a heavy foundation construction to be unnecessary in most cases. Also, the use of a heavy crane during the construction phase, the heaviest construction component weighs approximately 900 kg, is in a building and at a process for building according to the invention is not needed. On top of that, a fully equipped high quality parking garage may, with the inventive measures as described, be attained in a relatively short time, One which additionally may be disassembled or relocated quickly. (0027) The flexibility and robustness of the construction elements according to the invention enables virtually each layout imaginable, and makes extension simple, both in height, length and width. In case of 2 garage application, the ramps are free adaptable, inside or outside, and are standard equipped with a stiff row, ie. driving or upper coat. As

Ts an option a heating system is provided in the ramps. This construction and ruanner constructing according to the invention furthermore is also good for embankment, i.e.

topping vp of existing parking garages or buildings,

[0028] The present invention hence in fact enables in this way that necessary parking capacity is always available at any tone and optimized within the spatial possibilities, also as the need changes the future times. Also, Investments with a building or construction according to the invention are consequently efficiently deployed and vtilized.

[00291 Hence, with the present invention, to investors bet on a building according to 19 the invention is a bet on security. This is not least instance due to the in time increasing residual value of the alumintom construction materials. Also, operators of the present invention are at a reduced risk because the parking, at least user capacity can be phased out, generally aligned with the required capacity, so that revenues and costs may be proportioned in lins with each other.

[0030] A building according to the invention, at least an application thereof as parking garage meets all contemporary requirentents imposed by laws and regulations, as well as the applicable design requirements. Thus, the construction is resistant to a maximum wind load of 0.5 kN/m2, as is internationally put as a standard to buildings of a maximom height of 10.00 m. Starting point is "natural ventilation" in the parking garage, which means, that of the two facing facades on the long side of a garage of the invention are at least 30% "open", {0031} The default sizing of the Parking Bay classification is based on standards of the European Parking Association EPA and more particularly on the Dutch standard NEN 2443, revised version 2012, which goes beyond the generic quality of built parking facilities at Ewopean level.

[0032] The new parking garage is as standard equipped with alumintum staircases, ju a raster of 5.50 x 5.00 m, The stairs arc equipped with intermediate landings per level. The steps of the stairs are standard anti slip. In a preferred design the maximum walking distance to a stairwell from any point in the garage for safety reasons, nowhere more so than 30m [0033) A parking garage or ~ part of a building according to the Invention includes an identifier in the form of a line marking of the parking bays, on top of the rough coating on

~8- the parking floors, On the upper level light post are provided, as well as energy-efficient lighting at each level, The light level on average is 75 lux on the car floor, 200 lux al the entrances and exits and stairwells and on average 10 lux at the upper deck, measured on

1.00 m above the ground level, therefore meets the General lighting in Europe-wide requirements for parking garages.

[0034] The edges of a building according to the invention, whether or vot exceculed as with parking garage, can feature a fall prevention in the form of a 0.95 m high, secure, and anodized alnminium two barrier work, whether or vot in colour, and on the ramp for a parking deck is an edge protection,

[0635] An important advantage of a building according to the invention is that the material aluminium may now be applied. Alaminnun can be reused, making it a durable constroction toaterial, and in economic terms has the advantage of being 4 residual value of meaning. This may afler long-term use even exceed the original investment value. In the recent decade, the value of aluminium as raw material has risen quite consistent by IS approximately 10%. With regard to sustainability and economic efficiency, at least running costs i also applies that the coating that is used on the parking floors is highly abrasion resistant, so needs replacement of just once every 10 years, and even then only partly, indicatively about 25% needs to be replaced.

[0036] In an preferred embodiment such floor plate is furthermore coated with a finishing coating, protecting said intumescent layer during use of the floor plate, thus securing its proper, in particular well distributed fonction when needed. In a further claboration of such embodiment, said layer is composed of an elastic synthetic material, allowing e.g. stretch thereof in case of dimensional change of the flour plate due to change in environmental temperature, The coating is in yet a further slaboration provided witha fire retardant material. At the same time it is embodied as an anti-slip coating, in particular by providing superficial roughness, more in particular to an extend that peeping sound of car tires, as may be encountered in many sleekly coated garage floors, is obviated.

{00371

Ge

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS {0038} The invention, aspects thereof and certain embodiments are by way of example illustrated in the drawings in which: [00397 FIG. 1 provides a figurative comparison between building in Alaminum as enabled by the present invention “weighed” to building in steel or concrete; [oaso] FIG, ZA is a perspective exploded view of a module by which a building according to the invention, in this case with application as a parking garage may at any time and at wish be extended, while FIG. 2B illustrates the effect in case of packing garage application, [Dga] FIG. 3 is a schematic, perspective view of a building as may be erected in accordance with the present invention, useable for domestic purposes, ¢.g. in the first layer here left open for insertion of cubical dwelling parts, and/or as a parking, e.g. as represented by the second layer; [00421 FIG. 4, in a schematic compilation and according to a first embodiment, represents a side elevation of an ahaninom building element according to the invention, a cross section thereof as well as a particular manner in which if may be applied ina construction, perspective views illustrating aspects of its connection into a so called square element, one part of which may be applied as column;

[0043] FIG. SA and SB illustrate an alamimum building element in accordance with the invention, embodied for specific application as a column, formed by extrusion, in which the outer sides ave made relatively thick; In figure SA the clement is represented in connection with a re~enforcing single chamber profile in aluminum, whereas in figure in AR, two extruded building elements are combined in column so as to form a single building element, stronger than may be provided directly by extrusion, and as may typically be applied in a centre post, le. in between side edges of the building;

[0044] FIG. 6, in line with the representation of FIG, 5 provides a further embodiment of an extruded element which is set into a larger building element, in particular larger than can be extruded, equally by mutually interconnecting connecting oppositely positioned, i.e. mirrored extruded parts, in this example by welding; 50045] FIGT7A and 7B provide in exploded perspective view and in side elevation respectively a manner of applying the mvention and embodiment of FIG. 6, in 2 manner and with elements inventive in itself}

-10- joods] FIG, 8 illustrates the principle representation of FIG, 6 in accordance with an elaborated embodiment; [00471 FIG. 9 ina 90 degrees rotation, in side elevation illustrates the lower section of a column in accordance with the second embodiment;

[0048] FIG, 10A represented in a 90 degrees rotation is a longitudinal section of a main girder, while FIG, 10B provides a transverse cross section thereof; [oo4s] FIG, 11 provides a perspective view of application possibilities of an element according to the invention, in this case along the embodiment of FIG.4 in which column parts may be shaped in the form of squares, however with equal validity of use in the embodiment according to FIG. 7 in which girders rest on a console of the colamn; in both embodiments girder parts may according to this invention be interconnected by way of an elongated, fitting inner element part; aad a so called traverse element extending transverse to 2 column part, e.g. in between two squares, is applied; [00501 FIG. 12 represents a specific embodiment of the element of FIG. 11 in a cross sectional view, in particular is 2 sectional view of part of a building and an element according to FIG. 11; fonsi] FIG, 13A illustrating the same of FIG. 11 in a so called exploded, perspective view from a different angle, in an application with floor panels, and a water discharge gutter such as in a garage application; and FIG. 138 illustrates figure 134A m assembled state; [00521 FIG. 14A im exploded and perspective view illustrates application of an element according to the invention In a buildings corner situation, m particular of a garage or platform application, and provides an example of application of a re-enforcing element at a length exceeding that of the relevant part of a square;

[0033] FIGURE 148, in perspective view illustrates application of an element in integrated form in a building at an edge part thereof:

[0054] FIG. 14C is a vertical section at an edge situation of a building, additionally showing inclusion of a railing, e.g. as in FIG. 144; [006551 FIG. 14D represents the cross section of a further embodiment of the traverse pivder design, e.g. as in FIG. 14C, according to the invention;

[0058] FIG 154A is a side elevation of the garage according to the present example;

[oos7] FIG. 13B is, in a perspective and schemmatic representation, an example of a building in accordance with the invention, which is party used for office and/or dwelling purposes, and partly for parking purposes;

[0038] FIG. 15C in a perspective view illustrates the relative light weight of a floating building in accordance to the invention by way of inclusion there on a pontoon, here anchored in an urban environment to provide parking spaces, the upper deck provided with terraces and restaurant;

[6059] FIG. 16A and 168 in slightly different views provide an example in the form of a vertical section of an element and building according to the invention transverse to a traverse of FIG s 140 and 14D as extending between two squares, with floor plates resting on edges of the girder, aside to the U-shaped profiling, which combines girder reinforcement with receiving a gutter element, in this exavaple for draining water;

[0060] FIG. 174 and FIG. 17B provide examples of light systems devise for the garage according to the invention, [00611 By way of exemplifying a typical context of the present invention, a principle and relatively simple manner of enabling the application of aluminum in utilitarian or at least relatively large and height carrying constructive building applications will be elucidated.

[coca] Firstly, by FIG. 1, a figurative illustration is provided of one particular advantage of aluminum as a building material over other material like concrete. The drawing illustrates by way of a balance that in fact with less building material by weight, considerably more, typically double the number of cars may be acconunodated tna building out of aluminum, Where this fact per se had naturally been known since the beginning of contemporary industry, certainly since the beginning of industrial application of aluminum, no solution has been available to allow full application of aluminum in the construction of buildings larger and more versatile and loadable than greenhouse buildings. As the figure illustrates to it's left side in concrete and to it's right side in aluminum, the present invention rather allows the erection of multilevel 1e. multistory buildings, i.e. with at least one multipurpose useable upper floor. Various typical applications may be enabled by the present invention;

12m [00631 FIG 2A and 2B provide a basic scheme of a possible manner of constructing in accordance with the present invention. Building 1 in figure 2A is erected with alamimum column sections 2, with main girders 3, jointly forming an arc as it were, the girders connected directly to a column or via intermediate, altematively denoted extending girder pieces 5. Columns are transversely, over shorter distance mutually also connected via a traverse or traverse girder 4. A floor is created by means of floor slabs or floor panels 6, which are supported by two main girders 3. The panels are of relatively limited width and may lock onto one another, comparable to nutual clicking of domestic floor panels, In the present case the panels are formed as extruded aluminum panels and may additionally welded to one another, it being recognized that welding over a scant may be performed relatively easily by automatically progressing welding apparatuses,

[0064] In a plane in line with the orientation of a traverse 4, re-enforcement braces 7 may optionally be included, as in this case cross wise between two columms. Depending on embodiments of the present invention support elements & may be present for laying up and shoring a main girder 3, be it in single piece or with an extension part § thereof. Being identical in shape the term girder 3 and extension part § are denominated and used interchangeably. Alternatively, the invention may be embodied with colhamns shaped ina square element 12 as depicted in figure 2B, i.e. with a main girder part 5 affixed, Le pre connected to and forming a whole with a colamn 2.

[posed] Figure IB further illustrates that over the length of a floor plate, typically two parking lots 9 may be created, and that over the length of an extended girder two parking bays may be created with an in between or central, in principle one way lane 10. Figures 2A and 28 further illustrate that such aluminum building units may be extended inany one of sideways, longitudinal and vertical, at least upward direction.

[0465] Figure 3 provides a schematic example of the latter, in which the building is extended in all of the pre~-mentioned, alternatively denoted X, Y and 2 directions. The drawing conceptually demonstrates that the main girders are mutually interconnected by means of 8 so called cassette system, in which a so-called cassette part 11 is fittingly inserted into end parts of the main girder and it's extension part respectively. Figure 3 also conceptually illustrates in the colunw at the right hand side, that girders 2 are set opposed to each other and mutually interconnected, so as to increase the stiffness and

“13 strength thereof to values beyond what may be expected by mere addition of the relevant values of two columns. e067] Figure 4, in a schematic compilation represents a side elevation of an aluminum building element according to one embodiment of the invention in which the columns are fabricated into square shaped constructive parts 12. Figure 4 further shows a cross section of the girder part of such square, as well as a particular manner in which it may be applied in a construction, perspective views illustrating aspects of its connection into a so called square element, one part of which may be applied as column, The girder part 5 depicted is an extruded aluminum profile with at least one, however preferably two, side walls connecting internal walls SB and 5C, preferably in parallel with upper girder wall 5A and lower girder wall SD. In a preferably middle open section of such girder, a further internal, preferably also hollow aluminum profile and sub-girder part may be mserted for connecting two main girder parts, Such internal givder part may be bolted or otherwise affixed to each of the two connected main givder parts, in figure 2A depicted as parts 5 and 3. An upper hollow section of the girder according to the invention may be used to bolt constructive building parts such as fences. ones} Figure 4 in fact also illustrates a further means, in fact element for a novel method of constructing a building, mm which a part of a girder according to the invention is connected in square relationship to another girder part which then forms a column, Two of such square building elements, m combination with a girder to be connected in between using the mentioned internal and connecting element may form an arc. Two of such ares, with in between so called traverse girders 4 or traverses may form as t were a table element, or basic building block. [00691 Two of the colamms according to the invention may be included and connected 23 in “back to back” to form as # were a T shaped constructive or building part as depicted in figure 4, The square element parts 12 are provided in a measure by which they may be transported within a standard shipping container. The concept according to the invention allows for largely off site preparation of the building elements, including coating thereof Thus a very constant and secure quality may be secured while work at site may be clean 39 and of relatively very short duration.

[0070] The drawing shows that while the sidewalls of a girder 5, in fact Ings SL thereof extend to the rear side 21. of cohn part of a square element 12, and ends in line

-14- therewith, The lower, i.e, inner corner wall 5D of a girder ends at the front, i.e. inner corner side of a square element 12, The one or two inner walls 3B and 3C of a girder extend up to an imaginary line between the inner corner line or wall connection between girder § and an upper column pan 2 of a square element 12.

{0071} The left hand side perspective schematic drawing of figure 4, illustrates that that one of the two square element 12 parts, preferably as depicted the column 2 forming girder, ends with a straight, ie. square cut, so that the lower end of the side walls SL of the other girder may support on and be welded to the same, Welding may with such a construction be performed both at the outside and the inside, all around. The open end of io the one girder “laid” as it were on or else against the other one, in this example on the column 2 forming part, is in accordance with further measure according to the invention closed of with a matching aluminum plate 21. of corresponding element wall thickness, and welded at all four sides thereof, so that it forms a fiather connection between the two square slernent paris, Le. girder parts, as well as a re-enforcement between the two parts.

[972] As indicated by the right hand perspective view, a further —reinforcement may be and is preferably provided by a further plate SN, extending diagonal between the tuner and the outer corner of the connection between the two side walls of the ons girder of which the side walls, together with the upper wall, extend over the other, in this example column forming square element part, This diagonal, inner reinforcervent plate SN is 26 equally welded all around. Alternatively such reinforcement plate may be provided externally between the inner corner walls of the two square element parts. In this case additions], triangular side skirts or wall parts will be welded along, in alignment with the side walls of the two connected girder parts. Such external reinforcement may simultaneously be provided with one or more light openings or windows.

[0073] The central part of figure 4, depicts two square elements 12 in side slevation, connected back to back, with at the top side in striped line, the level at which Toor elements may reach in height when positioned upon the girder parts of two squares. Centered at the top side of the two squares 12 a cross section is depicted of a U-shaped support element ZU, connected to the squares 12 via flanges, here bolted to the respective side walls of the two square elements 12, Such support clement supports a so called traverse 4, Le, transverse girder 4, connecting two arcs 2; 12 ~ § — 2; 12 as Tor making a

-15- component for a building block, To the right hand upper side of figure 4, a cross section of a girder in accordance with the invention is schematically provided.

[0074] The central pact of figure 4 furthermore conceptually demonstrates that a column part, Le. column forming part of a square is at its end, i.e. foot provided with a foot part in the form of a flange 12F, to be used for bolted connection to a column base plate or else foundation part. In the present depiction it is used for connection of the column for a second layer to the upper side wall of a square on top of which it is to be placed, and preferably also to a flange part of a traverse support.

[0075] FIG, 2 conceptually and in perspective view provides an clucidation of the type of building, at least the framework therefore as may be erected in accordance with the novel aluminum building elements in accordance with the present invention, and as described in the preceding along figure 1. Such a novel type of building or frarnework is useable for various purposes, such as domestic purposes, e.g. in the first layer here left open for insertion of cubical dwelling parts, and/or as a parking, e.g. as represented by the second layer, which is provided with a floor of aluminum floor elements formed by so called cassette plates that are welded together after having been laid down between the girders of a building module. Such plates may come in a width of 2 m and favorably in view of parking garage application at a length of 5.4 m. In an advantageous embodinent for the same purpose, a building module comes at a length of 16 miso that B elements may be laid side by side. Especially m case of a parking application, the floor plates 6, however equally inserted dwelling cubicles have a rubber or synthetic insert so as to prevent propagation of and dampen contact sounds.

[0076] FIG. § illustrates an alanymen building element, further in accordance with the invention, in which a girder according to the invention is adapted for specific application asa column. In such application the outer transverse walls or sides 15A and profiled outer transverse wall 15B, at least compared to any internal reinforcement transverse walls 15C between two side walls 14, may be made relatively thick. In figure 5A the clement is represented in connection with a re-enforcing single chamber profile 16 in ahuminum such as may typically be applied at outer sides of a building to be erected, Le. 39 when “back to back” inclusion of two square elements 24 is not possible. Rather than the example provided, the width, ie. depth of the single chamber profile 16 may correspond

“16 to the form and depth of the colunm part at the opposite facing side of the colurm 2A as taken in this cross section. (00771 In such colunm, either dedicated or as column forming girders, a side wall may be provided with door parts 14A for servicing of electric and other leads that may be accommodated in the column 2. In this example merely a circular drain is schematically depicted by a fitting circle, leaving room for cabling and the like. Also depicted are screws, representing the removable included door in a side wall of the column or column girder, Preferably, the immer section of the cohunn is provided with a further internal wall in parallel with a side wall.

[0078] In figure in SB, two of the building elements ZA are combined in column as may typically be applied in a centre post, Le. in between side edges of the building. They are interconnected by bolts 18, one of which is depicted. As depicted, the back sides are preferably provided with a profile 13A for receiving a strip element 17 partly extending in a corresponding profile of the connected element ZA: 16, for instance provided ina iS synthetic material. Such profiling and strip amongst others prevents mutual shifting of the elements. As depicted in FIG. SB the column may equally be reinforced by a fitting hollow profiled insert, provided in the same material as the column, [00791 FIG. 6, in line with the representation of FIG. § provides the principle of a further embodiment 2B of an extruded construction element according to the present invention, which is to be set, i.e, used into a larger building element such as a column. The extruded elements 2A and 2B may however in principle equally be used as a girder. The present invention does however, alse proposes extruded elements in aluminum, specifically, Le, purposely designed Tor use as a girder, be it a main girder or girder part 3 and §, or a smaller girder, such as a traverse girder 4. As in Figure 5B, the present embodiment, as is here depicted, is designed to applied with sections of the clement connected over a longitudinal side thereof forming a so called composed column as it were, Le. composed of two separately extruded girder or column, at least hollow profile sections, In this way larger, in particular stronger elements, here in particular columns may then relatively easily be made than can commonly be extruded. As in the preceding embodiment, this is here equally performed by mutually connecting oppostely positioned, Le. mirrored extruded parts using specifically thereto designed faces. In this example the connection face is provided with protrusions 13B design for mutual

„17 connection. While, a cover or interconnecting plate may be used in conjunction with connection members, welding is he.r proposed. Equally to the embodiment of Fig. 5, a side face 14 of the girder or column 2, as taken in cross section, may be provided with a smaller or larger transitional part 14D directionally deviating from the lateral plane in $ transition a transverse wall 25 of the element 2B. Transverse walls 2T and 28 here compare to transverse wall 15A and 15B respectively in the embodiment of Fig, 5B. Considering that the column section 2B will mostly be applied connected to another section, as here depicted, the transverse wall 28 at the intended connection side, ie. with profiles 13B may be produced in a ower thicknes, e.g. up to around 50% of the thickest lateral wall 2T. In case the element 2B is used as is, 1.e. in singular form, e.g. at outer sides of a building, a re~enforcement element, preferably in hollow form may be attached to this side of the element 2B.

[0080] Finally this embodiment 2B is provided with one face having the side faces extending well beyond a transverse wall 27, such that an open chamber, at least recess as it were is formed, which may be used to acconunodate cables and drains, The space may be covered is so desired. In this case a lid 19 is proposed, shaped in a manner to effectively enlarge the volume of covered space. A further elaboration of this embodiment and concept design is discussed along Figure 8.

[0081] FIG, 7A provide in exploded perspective view and in side elevation respectively a manner of applying the invention and concept of FIG. 6, in a manner and with elements inventive in itself, while FIG. 7B provides a side elevation of the assembly of the clements of FIG. 7A; In this respect, while the along FIG. 4 pre-describe manner construction may equally well be applied using the embodiment of column 28, an alternative manner of supporting a girder is here provided. A column is here shown to support a girder part 3 using a bracket part 8B, attached, here welded to an end face ofa column 2, i.e. whether type 2B or 24, for receiving a support of console 8 for supporting girder part § by way of a large support surface area. To this end the support 8 is produced as a hollow profile which may be open at its upper side, where tt 1s designed to contact a girder end part, preferably attached, more preferably by welding, The bracket 8B may consist of two side walls, positioned preferably in Une with a lateral wall of the column 2, and extending the latter somewhat as # were, be it by 8 width no more than the width of a lateral wall of a column, the side wall at their ends facing away from the column

„18. connected by an in between transverse plate, or wall as it were. The transverse bracket wall is preferably centrally, preferably provided with a recess 8R for receiving a notch SN applied to the bottom face of the support 8, so as to facilitate and speed up normally centered, at least proper positioning of a support 8 on a bracket 8B, whether in factory or on building site. In this respect a support is preferably first attached to the bottom side of an end part of a girder 3 or girder section 3. A girder end part 5 is in this design provided with an extended opper girder wall part SM, which is attached to the end face of a column 2 and, where a girder is also to be provided to the other side of the cohumn to 3 similarly extended upper girder wall part SM of the girder section on the other side of the column 2 or 2B as here depicted. A reinforcing column cap 22 may be provided, in the form of a hat or cap comprising at least a top plate with circumferential dimensions matching that of the column 2, ie, either ZA or 2B, here depicted in the so-called back-to back connected form, at least a form with the lateral sides considerably larger than the transverse sides, The plate part of cap 22 is hence oriented transverse to the column axis.

13 The cap 22 is attached to the end part, here the end face of a column 2, in this case by welding. The cap 22 is preferably provided with lateral side faces extending downwards front the plate, positioned in line and to be connected with the lateral wall ends of a column 2. Equally the cap 22 may be provided with transverse faces in between its lateral wall, positioned in line with lateral walls of the coluran 2. A cap 2 provides both a reinforcement of a column 2 as well as an improved basis for supporting and connecting, in the field typically by bolting of a pole part 1.¢. lower end of a further column section 2 on top of the depicted, girder supporting column section, [00821 Ia further elaboration, the here depicted column embodiment ZB may be provided with a cut out end part 21, which is in this example pre-fabricated as a separate section and welded in line to a column section, The end section 21 is provided with an opening 23, which may be used for access to bolt or nuts for attaching a further column to the girder end section SM and/or any on top of a column applied cap 22. The opening 23 is created by cutting away an end section of a lateral wall 14, Le. in between the transverse walls 27 and 28. Ideally, in the cut-out also and end section of the centrally positioned transverse wall 25 is cut-out. More ideally, at the end of the thus shaped column section, a largely similar width of transverse wall is present at each side of the thicker, at least outer transverse wall ZT.

“1G

[0083] According to yet further elaboration, a colum 2B may comprise an intermediate part 20 largely comparable to the cap 22, however also comprising upward facing lateral and transverse wall parts. Equally to that of the top cap, the plate is of a square dimension matching the circumierence of the composed column 28. The intermediate part 20 at least this lower one of these three upper column sections is preferably provided in cast aluminum or else a high grade quality of aluminum compared to the remainder of the column alamimum material. With proper positioning within a column 2B, an intermediate column element, in particular the plate part thereof may take up bending forces from a girder $ via a support 8. A support 8 thereto comprises a lower wall section which in normal application may be oriented transverse to a column axis, and which may, as depicted in FIG, 7B, be included in line with the transverse plate of intermediate column part 20.

[0084] Application of one or both of the transverse plate consisting intermediate colunm part 20 and the colunm cap part 22, enables to erect either temporary, semi-permanent and permanent alominum buildings including parking spaces or garages in heights of over four stories buildings, Even very high level buildings can be srected in case both intermediary part 20 and cap part 22 are applied. with even as is specifically provided in case relatively high buildings, Le. high columns are to be erected, typically more than a wunber, Le. more than four stories high are to be put one on top of the other. Yet, buildings may also be erected without such specific, relatively expensive part 20. e.g. in a manner of the pre-described embodiment.

[0085] As may be further taken from the side elevation and assembled representation of FIG, 78, a bracket SB is included partly extending beyond a lower column section, at least over 2 distance matching the depth of recess SR, preferably to larger extend, at least twice the depth of recess 8R, so as to allow for a fair amount of body, available for attachment to the intermediate 20, normally by welding, Brackets 8B may come pre- fabricated with, i.e. welded or firmly connected otherwise to a lower colunm section 2B, whether in composed form or in a form as extruded. FIG. 7B further indicates a second column section 2B mounted on top of a lower colunm section 2B, in this case embodied with pre/described end parts 20, 21, and 22, covered with extensions SN of the upper wall of two girder sections 5 included on opposite sides of the lower colunm 2B. The depicted lower end of a cohumn section is provided with an end plate, in the form of base plate 25,

-20- which in this embodiment may be formed without externally stretching flange part for reason that muis and bolts may be accommodated and accessed within the perimeters of a column. A lower section of a column to that end comprises access ports 24 in the form of cut outs from a lower end of a lateral wall of an extruded column part. In this respect § FIG. 9 shows a closer detail of such a lower column end, with port holes 24, and a bottom end or support plate 25, as it were an inwardly extending flange, provided with bore holes 2M for passing fastener bolts. Figure 9 once more shows a composed column to be composed of two welded together, extruded girders, at least hollow profiles, with relatively thin transverse walls 28 near a connected side of an extruded profile, compared the relatively thicker transverse walls 27, at least almost matching the thickness of support plate 25 and that of lateral walls 14 of an extruded profile, as may be taken from the column cross section in FIG, 8. The latter figure, in further elaboration shows the protrusions 13B from a transverse wall here to be formed by way of extensions from the lateral walls 14. The protrusions 13B are formed as were they rejuvenated extensions thereof, in this evabodiment by way of a rejuvenation at the outer side of the lateral wall projection, here showing a short transition starting right beyond the external face projection of transverse wall 28 and showing a rejuvenation of at least 50% compared to a lateral wall thickness. In a particular ombod&ment, one of the protrusions 13B is provided with a small elongation, bent towards, so as to stretch along the nner wall of any oppositely to be connected extrusion profile. Such extension, in a composed column naturally is present at both lateral faces, and may serve as a material support incase of welding together of the protrusions, which protrusions thereto arc provided with a beveled part, e.g. end part, forming a V-shaped welding groove with an oppositely composed profile.

[oossl FIG. 10A and 10B provide a cross sectional and a longitudinal section view of an aluminum construction clement, here in the form of a main girder 5, in principle also useable as a stand or column. Constructive element $ may be used both as girder for which it is primarily designed and as a stand in alaminmm material. The clement 5 is provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, e.g. as in FIG. 104, mn 39 particular favourably produced by way of extrusion, in which the hollow cross section is provided with at least one inner wall part SB, 5C, frecly extending between the two lateral walls of the element, Le. connected to a lateral or side wall but not otherwise

„21e supported or connected. The construction element is rectangular shaped as taken in cross section. The longer sides as in cross section, here FIG. 104, form the lateral walls 26 of the element $. The inner walls 5B and 5C extend in parallel to an upper and a lower wall 5A and SD respectively of the element 5, and extend over at least substantially the full length of the element or girder 5, The distance between the inner walls 5B and 5C is in the preferred embodiment of FIG, 10A larger than between an inner wall part 5B, 5C and the adjacent upper or lower outer wall part SA and 5D of the girder. The distance between the inner walls SB, SC preferably is between one and a half and two and a half times, preferably at least about twice of the distance between an inner wall SB, 5C and an outermost upper or lower wall 5A, 3D of the element.

[0087] The upper and the lower wall 5A, 5D of the element § arc of a consistent relatively large thickness compared to the thickness of an inner wall SB, SC. The thickness of at least one outermost upper or lower wall 5A, SD is twice the thickness of an inner wall SB, 3C., The thickness of a lateral wall part or section 27 above and below an inner wall SB and 5C respectively is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part, The thickness of a lateral wall part between the inner walls 5B and 5C is smaller than an upper or lower section 27 of a lateral wall 26, At least one of an upper or lower section of a lateral wall or wall part 26 is of a larger thickness than the remainder section of the lateral wall 26, The thickness of the at least one of the upper or lower section 27 of the lateral wall is smaller than the thickness of an upper or lower wall 5A, 5D of the element 5. A to be nominated upper wall 5A of the element is centrally provided with a longitudinally extending rim SR, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall SB, ST, At least one of the upper and lower sections 27 of a lateral wall 26 is provided with a groove 27, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall $B, 5C, The groove 28 is Incorporated at a level at least largely within the thickness, at least within the projection of the relevant upper or lower wall SA, SD.

[0088] The element $ is further constructed with a view of at least capable of being constructed as a longitudinally composite element in which two clement parts § are in line interconnected by a fitting inner clement part 11, the clement 11 not shown in FIG. 10 extending in a corresponding hollow section of the element parts. The inver element part is preferably included in between two tner wall parts 58, SC. The inner element is

<27 provided as a hollow element in aluminium, and is fixed, preferably in a releasable manner such as by bolting, to the in line element composed clement end parts. While it 18 intended to connect or elongate extruded girder section of maximum extrusion length, the mer element 11 in principle also be used for re-enforoement purposes, at least it may extend over at least virtually the full length of a composite clement.

FIG. 11 provides a perspective view of application possibilities of an element according to the invention, including application thereof in a square 12, connection therewith of an intermediate girder piece 5 by way of an elongated, fittingly included inner element part 11, back to back connection with a second square 12, partly depicted here, yet forming a so-called T post or column section, and 10 conjunction with so called traverse elements 4 extending transverse {o a square 12, in between two squares, in fact in between two support arcs as may be devised by an element in accordance with the invention. It also depicts 2 rim SR included at the upper side of a girder 5 and girder part 3, so as to allow abutment, st least positioning of an clement to be supported such as a floor 6 or dwelling or other utility container or cubicle.

[0089] FIG, 11 represents elements of the invention as may integrated into a building or to form an ideally pre-fabricated constructive part, e.g. square or T-element according to the invention, with FIG. 12 being a sectional view of part of a building and an element 3, cach according to the invention. The new elements according to the present invention, respective of the embodiment preferred, may be favorably be integrated in a pre- fabricated square element 12 with column section 2, with a pole part of any second, at least further layer square connected to the square 12, here depicted with traverse elements 4 comected to the square 12 at each lateral side thereof and showing part of supported floor panels 6, A pre-fabricated square 12 in practice comes with a U-shaped bracket 4U pre-mounted, so as to allow quick on-site fastening of a traverse 4, In the depicted cross section of the girder, at least one insert element 11 may be acconunodated, e.g. with relatively thick lateral walls for receiving a profile in which a nut LIN may be received in a rotationally locked manner, Bolts LIB may be inserted from the lateral walls of a girder part 3, $ in order to firmly connect an insert 11 with either one of two, in line to be 3¢ connected girder parts. Equally this construction may be applied at either single one or multiple upper, central and lower hollow sections of the element or girder 3, 5, so as to

“23m correspondingly enable receipt of connection bolt, or alternatively denoted for inclusion of so called frogs for receiving connection bolts. fooso] FIG. 13A illustrating the same in a so called exploded, perspective view, in an application with floor panels, and a water discharge gutter such as typically in 2 gavage S application, with FIG. 138 illustrating figure 13A in assembled state, FIG. 13 also depicts the shape in accordance with a further enabling aspect of the present invention of a so called traverse element 4, interconnecting each of a patr of main girders 3 or of 3 and/or § as normally included in an arc clement, thereby in conjunction with four columns 2 forming a so called table, or building module.

This in fact somewhat lighter and smaller girder 4, is also provided as a hollow aluminum element.

Tt is reinforced In a suprising and advantageous manner, by inclusion of a U-shaped profile 4R at its upper side.

The Us profile 4R is open to its upper side and may therein receive an insert like an open drain AD, possibly covered by a grid.

By way of practice detail, the opper ends of each leg or side face of drain 4D is for a small part bent square so that i may be supported by the

13 open U-shaped profile 4R.

In one embodiment as in Fig 14C, the U shape may at the inner side of the clement 4 extend up to just before or just beyond half way the height of the element 4 in accordance with preference.

The larger the height of the side walls of open profile 4U, the greater the reinforcement of the hollow element or traverse girder 4, thereby further enabling the application of aluminum in a building.

In this embodiment a largest part of a side wall of re-enforcement profile 4R may extend outside the main body of traverse 4, i.e. above the opper wall thereof In another embodiment as mm FIG. 14D, the largest part of a re-enforcervent profile 4R extends inward of the main body, preferably, as depicted in FIG, 141) as a projection as it were form the outward extending side faces of the U-shaped reinforcement profile, into inner walls extending between the upper and and lower face of a traverse, The bottom wall of a U-shaped reinforcement profile is in this embodiment as it wers included at the level of the upper wall of a traverse, all as taken in iransverse view, e.g. as in FIG. 14D.

In both embodiments the side faces or walls of a U-shaped reinforcement profile are provided in a larger dimension, Le. are of greater length than the height of a side wall ef a traverse 4, A yet further enabling measure, as will be explained further on, is the covering of the elements and preferably also the floors with an intumescent coating.

«Dh [poet] FIG. 14A in exploded and perspective view illustrates application of elersent according to the invention as discussed in the preceding, in a buildings comer situations, in particular of a garage or platform application, and provides an example of application of a re-enforcing element at a length exceeding that of the relevant part of a square. FIG. 148, in perspective view illustrates the elements of FIG. 144 in integrated form ina building at an edge part thereof]

[0092] FIG. 14C and 14D show a vertical section of embodiments of an aluminum traverse 4 according to the present invention, with FIG, 14C showing the embodiment situated at an edge situation of a building, additionally showing inclusion of a fence or railing 29 and a parking floor 6 supported by traverse 4 and abutting an outward s extending portion of re-enforcement profile 4R thereof.

[0093] Figures 15 illustrate some of a multitude of type of buildings 30 that is enabled by the development of the present construction elements in aluminum in view of being able to use this material not only in small constructions, but rather as a normal 13 construction material for any type of building, Le. including large and multilevel or nuiltistery tower buildings. FIG 15A is a side elevation of a garage according to the present invention, in this example provided with three floors, the upper one here left open. It schematically depicts 2.0. ramps, stairs and fences that are equally provided in aluminam material, FIG, 15B is, in a perspective and schematic representation, an example of a building in accordance with the invention, which is party used for office and/or dwelling purposes, and partly for parking purposes, and showing one cubicle 31, e.g for dwelling or office use, partly slid out, after being loosened from the structure of the building, as here provided by the building elements described in the preceding and in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 15C in a perspective view illustrates the relative light weight of a building m accordance to the invention by way of inclusion there on a pontoon, i.e. embodied as a floating building, here anchored in an urban environment to provide parking spaces, the upper deck provided with terraces and restaurant. While large conglomerates often are centered around a river or water of some sort, the present invention facilitates renovation works by providing parking space on a floating building, as is economically and technical feasibly enabled by the use of any of the invented elements in aluminum as here disclosed.

SDE.

[0094] FIG, 16A and 168 are vertical sections of an element and building according to the invention transverse to a traverse 4 as extending between two squares, al least between two columns 2, and additionally shows the preferred manner of constructing using bolting in conjunction with prefabricated bores in end sections of any element according to the invention, all in order to facilitate minimal usage of space aad time and/or sound at building sites. The drawing also illustrate the application of isolation pads 32 or even slabs thereof, produced in a synthetic material, e.g. in the form of “Peek”, between constructive elements, here traverse 4 and traverse supporting bracket 48. The isolators 32 have multiple functionalities in that they facilitate or at least ars functional thermal isolation, thermal relative expansion aad in dampening of sound impulses. Such isolators 32 are applied spread on top of a girder § or traverse 4 at cach side of a girder rim SR or re-enforcement profile 4R, and are preferably included pre-fabricated, e.g. by bolting or glueing, FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B provide examples of light systems and devices 33 for the garage according to the invention, with a light element holder or base 13 for an electrical light element such as lamps or set of lamps or LED strip extending over the a largest part of the width of a lower wall of a girder or transverse. As in the embodiment 17A the light device may be attached by bolting, using a so called frog strip profile 34 applied, Le. included in the lower wall of a construction element 4, 5, and the device thereto provided with bores, In the alternative design of FIG. 178, the device 33 is provided with so called click rims 35 which hook on to the lower part of a construction element 4, 8, favorably making use of resiliency in the light device 33 on the one hand, a hooked nature of the rims 33 and a certain spfiness of the aluminum material of the lower part of a construction element 4, 5.

[0095] The benefits of 2 building according to the invention, whether or not carried out asa parking garage in whole or in part or not, generally includes flexibility, speed in placement and removal, safety, durability, ability to integrated options, and favourable investment and operation possibilities. The building has a flexible layout by its modular and demountable structure, optimizes land use, has the ability to tailor-made aluminium system components to suit the particulars of a situation, is easily extendable, may easily be reduced in size and is mobile, It has no material loss in disassembly or reassignment and has all the capabilities towards including any of various facade finishes, is adapted to freely locate entrances, exits and ramps, is both semi-permanent and mobile, yet may be used permanently, and enable the possibility of easy integration of different real estate features. fons] With respect to speed and simplicity of realization the present invention enables a short preparation time by standardisation of structural components, while often only a simple foundation is required, One typical example of the latter is the use as a building foundation of (often denoted Stelcon) conerete plates, typically of a standard type of 2x 2 x 0, 25 m. The total construction weight of the building according to the invention amounts to only about 25% of that of a concrete comparable building, e.g. a garage. Hence a virtually incredible amount of 75% of weight saving and fast realization is enabled. Moreover, the erection takes with less environmental hindrance since piling rig is most often if not at least virtually always, not needed. Hence a building in accordance with the present invention is highly suitable for busy city centres, "tight" and environmental sensitive construction sites, and is all the more also applicable en top of existing buildings or parking garages. Erection hardly gives nuisance for the environment because no heavy cranes are needed and small construction site may soon be sufficient. With this also heavy driving is strongly reduced. Construction wise no or at least significantly failures and errors in system components and construction are to be expected and inspected on site, due to the feature of pre-fabricating the construction components and the absence of margin stacking by suppliers, which also provides a favourable effect on the safety of the building and on the cost of construction. Finally also the character of logistics and optinuzation of construction process is herewith strongly changed if not improved, which, among other things, also favourably leads to & clean and efficient site of construction.

[0097] With regard to sustainability and innovation that is further possible with a building according to the invention, the most modern forms of lighting such as LED, LED-foil, LED fixture may be applied in an integrated manner, ie. without hindering space occupation as is, at least in view of costs, necessarily the case at concrete based buildings, The combination of aluminium and coating shows itself as a moore sustainable and innovative construction-altetnative to steel and concrete, enabled by the now enabled use of ahaninian, providing sustainable employability of aluminium, to an infinite reuse, all within a total-concept, and providing a "clean" construction site without risks of security, improved health by less environmental impact, and absence from gassing by

„17e concrete. A building according to the invention may completely be taken apart and re- erected elsewhere. Supportive hereto is an eco-friendly, durable and maintenance-friendly coating, which also offers maximum five-retardancy. All materials of the new type of building are "cradle-to-cradle" reusable with a mininmum of energy loss for any reuse, The building according to invention offers an open construction allowing natural ventilation, without at least extensive requirement of energy-constuning mechanical or thrust or shearing force fans.

[00981 Regarding safety and comfort the application of a fire-retardant coating to at least 60 min. is worth noting, as well as a coating of the floors which is safe and comfortable without that it leading to “squeak” and annoying contact sounds of tires. The coating may be applied in almost every colour so that, that what formerly often was to be accepted as drab, gritty concrete or steel colossus, now easily may be offered as a cheerful, at least crisp cut building, if desired, appropriately in the style of the operator or owner.

[0099] In resume the possibilities of a building according to the invention in respect of integrated options, include advertising opportunities on the facades by cloth or LED screens, facade finish of choice, the simple ability to generate solar power on the roof or at the fagade elements of the garage, the fitting in of commercial premises, kiosks, housings, student housings, storage, self-storage, leisure- | sports facilities and green areas on the root, and/or canopy thereof, [001007 In connection with business aspects of a building according to the invention is warth noting by way of resume, a saving on foundation costs through ght construction, saving on costs during the construction by standardization and prefabrication of the structural parts, limiting costs of construction management and supervision by short construction time and prefabrication process, a high residual value of the building, at least of the components thereof, by ability to reuse sustainable materials, especially the aluminium floors and construction parts, a high quality by a constant, i.e. factory based mana facturing, an ability to move, reduce or enlarge the garage at low cost because of the demountable construction system, employability of the building based on one of various forms of contract: bay, sale with right of first redemption and rental, lower operating and management costs through the application of sustainable materials, whereby higher rental value and investment value of the garage, and finally, lower financing costs by the ability to re-use of construction and materials.

[00101] The present construction, apart from providing a high standard of safety to a building, especially in traffic units such as garages and bridges, has the advantage of S$ composing a floor without the typical peeping sound of car wheels on conventionally coated garage floors. The finishing coating easily allows for temperature expansion or contraction of floor plates, either synthetic or metal and either solid or in panel form, as does the paint and any optionally applied granulated cork layer. The latter, ia the exemplified case glued to the floor plate, despite the granulates preferably being included very dense, is in a particular embodiment bonded with an elastic synthetic bonding agent.

[00102] The present invention, apart from the preceding description, may further be explained along a following set of claims and figures, as well as alang the following sets of clauses, in which various aspects are explained or figuratively represented that are united in the present application as one invention, however the combination of which is indicated to possibly form the subject of a separate and different claim either within the present application or as a divisional application,

[00103] The present invention may furthermore be embodied with or characterized as in the following clauses or definitions (6) departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on the coating of the constructive elements; [ooigd] Civil construction unit comprising a framework and provided with constructive clerments produced in ahuninium, such as a Hoor system comprising a phirality of floorplates, preferably welded together, in which the element is provided with a first layer of intuminescent paint or coating, and a second layer of finishing coating.

23 [001951 Unit in accordance with the preceding clause, the element preferably at least comprising a floorplate and is coated according to the preceding detinition at least to its bottom side, more preferably provided with a material layer comprising granulated cork, said granulated cork layer and/or said floor plate, at least said framework being covered by intumescent paint or coating.

[00106] Unit according to the preceding clause, wherein, at least in case of the floor plates, said paint or costing layer is provided with a finishing coating.

“29.

[00107] Unit according to the preceding clause, wherein said finishing coating is of an elastic synthetic material,

[00108] Unit according to one of the two preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating is provided with a fire retardant material

[00109] Unit according to anyone of the three preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating has a rough outer surface. [001101 Unit according to the preceding clause wherein said roughness is tactile sensible by finger movement over said surface, [ooi] Unit according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the rough outer surface complies with the requirements of NEN-ISQ-10548 part 17,

[00112] Unit according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the total thickness of said finishing layer is of a thickness smaller than 1.5 mm

[00113] Unit according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein said optional cork layer is of a thickness within the range of | to § oun [DG] Uni according to the preceding clause, wherein said thickness is around 3 mm 00115] Definitions (3) departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on a what practically might amount to a so called stand or Column, Le. ato be vertically included alonuinium element for supporting a building: 28 [ols] Constructive element such as girder, in particular stand or column in aluminium, the element provided in an elongated hollow, largely rectangular profile as taken in cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, the element having an clongation of a length typically at least adopted to common flooring distances in domestic building, the cross section showing lateral hollow profile walls extending over certain width, and transverse hollow profile walls of certain depth, extending between the two lateral walls, the element at one transverse wall provided with a profiling for matching connection of the element with a further element part included mirrored to said element.

[00117] Element according to clause 1, in which the connection profiling is included af a transverse wall of the hollow profiling,

[00118] Element according to clause 1 or 2, in which the transverse wall remote fom the connection profiling is of a thickness larger than the thickness of another inner or outer wall part of the hollow profile.

-30- foo119] Element according to any one of clauses 1, 2 and 3, in which the clement is composed, as taken in cross section, of two clement sections connected to one another, ez. by bolting or welding.

[00120] Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the transverse wall at the connection profiling is of smaller thickness than the lateral hollow profile walls.

[001211 Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the connection profiling is based on a continuation of a lateral wall.

[001221 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the continuation is of reduced thickness, typically to about 50% of thickness, the reduction in particular realised at an outer wall side of the continuation.

[001231 Element in accordance with any one of the two preceding clauses, in which one continuation is slightly longer than the continuation at the opposite lateral outer wall continuation, typically over a length matching the thickness of the continued wall section, and protruding directly along the inner side of a projection of the inner wall face of the lateral wall

[00124] Element in accordance with any of the preceding three clauses, in which the shorter lateral wall continuation is provided with an end face bevelled in a mamet with a laterally outward directed directional component. iom25] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element, at the transverse wall opposite the transverse wall with connection profiling, is provided with a profiling in the form of a continuation of the lateral side walls.

[00126] Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the continuation is at least about half the distance between the two transverse walls of the hollow profile. [001271 Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses 5 to 11, in which the connection profiling extends over a length at least about a quarter of the distance between the transverse walls of the element profile. ooizs] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses 5 to 12, in which the element is composed of two hollow element sections mutually connected by a welding seem at the bevelled end face of one of the two lateral wall continuations.

(00129) Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which an outermost face of the profile is completed by a further, open profiled element, extending over at least virtually the entire length of the element.

„3e

[00130] Element in accordance with the preceding clause in which the further profiling sets forth a re-enforcement of the element by being firmly connected to the element, e.g. by bolting or welding. Doin] Element in accordance with the preceding two clauses, in which the farther $ profiling is at least largely U-shaped, and of a thickness matching the thickness of the outward continuation of the lateral walls of the element. [001321 Definitions (3) in the form of clauses, departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on a what practically might amount to a so called interconnect element, i.e. for safely and robustly interconnecting columns, e.g. as defined in the preceding, in principle even wp to highest possible levels:

[00133] Interconnect element for interconnecting sections of a column for supporting a building, the columns formed in alanunum material, in particular as extruded aluminom profiles, the column sections provided with support elements for supporting a girder, e.g. for supporting a floor, in which the interconnect element may be added to and supported 153 by atop side of a column section, and in which the element is provided with a profiling oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction of the colunm section, and extending from one side of the element up to the opposite side face of the element.

[00134] Element in accordance with clause 1, in which the profile is oriented along a horizontal plane. (00135) Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the profile extends aver at least substantially the entire cross section of the element. {90136} Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses in which the clement is produced in cast aluminum, 00137) Element in accordance with any of the preceding clanses provided with longitudinally oriented profilings, at least one of which included in line with a main wall of the profiling of the colunm section.

[00138] Definitions (4) departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on a what practically might amount to a so called traverse girder, Le. in between main girders:

[00139] Clause 1: a constructive element such as girder, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section to one of iis sides being provided with a U-shaped profiling, the side

„47e walls of the U shaped element extending in parallel and square to the side in which the U- shaped element is included, the U-shaped element partly extending inwards of the constructive element.

[00140] Element according to clausesl, in which the U-shaped element extends up the half way the height of the element, Le, as taken in the longitudinal direction of a side wall of the U-shaped element. 00141] Element according to ons of the preceding clauses, in which the base part of the U-shape element ís included at the inner side of the constructive element.

[00142] Element according to any one of the preceding clauses, in which the element formed in aluminium, e.g. as an extruded element.

[00143] Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the clement is intended for application in a building such as a parking, in particular as a so called traverse, i.e. in between two main girders,

[00144] Element according to the preceding clause, in which the element is intended to 13 be provided with an insert in the form of a drain, e.g. for draining water received from a parking floor.

[00145] Element according to the preceding clauses, in which the insert, by an overhanging edge, is supported by the upper ends of the u-shaped element.

[00146] Building provided with an clement in accordance with any of the preceding clauses.

[06147] Building in which the element wall having the U-shaped element is included with said wall or side being the upper side of the element.

[00148] Building in accordance with the preceding clauses, in which part of the upper wall of the element at at least one side of the U-shaped element is ntilised for supporting a floor element such as a parking deck or part of a dwelling cubicle.

[00148] Building according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the upper face of the element, at one side of the U-shaped element supports a fencing means for the building, the fencing means bolted to the element,

[90150] Building according to any of the preceding building clauses, in which the element is provided with a bore opening for passing a drain pipe, e.g. connected to an insert in the U-shaped element.

«33

[00151] Building clement in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the U-shaped element is provided with a drain forming insert, with the insert via laterally extending edge parts being supported by the opper end of the side walls of the U-shaped clernent.

& fo01s2] Building according to any of the preceding building clanses, in which the element is an ahuninium element, connected to a mam girder via a U-shaped support to which 1 is bolted.

[001531 Building according to the preceding clauses, in which the U-shaped support is provided with flanges, m particular provided with bore openings for bolted connection to ID aman girder,

[00154] Building according to any of the preceding building clauses in which the building is a parking garage, the building provided with a floor system comprising a plurality of cassette like floorplates welded together.

[00155] Building according to any of the preceding building clauses in which at least the element, preferably as well as said floorplate, is covered by an intumescent coating.

[00156] Building according to the preceding clauses, wherein the upper part of said floorplates, is provided with a finishing coating, covering or integrated with any intumescent coating.

[09157] Building according to the preceding clauses, wherein said coating is ofan elastic synthetic material.

[00158] Building according to one of the two preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating is provided with a fire retardant material,

[00159] Building according to anyone of the three preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating has a rough outer surface. 23 [00160] Building according to the preceding clauses wherein said roughness is tactile sensible by finger movement ever said surface.

[00161] Building according to any ef the preceding clauses, wherein the rough outer surface complies with the requirements of NEN-ISO-10545 part 17.

[00162] Building according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the total thickness of said finishing layer is of a thickness smaller than 1.3 yun,

-34- {001631 Definitions (2), also here in the form of clauses, departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on what practically might amount to a so called main girder, as especially illustrated along figures 4, 7 and 10: i. Clause 1: Constructive element § such as girder or stand in aluminium, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, £.g. as in FIG. 10, in particular by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section provided with at least one immer wall part 38, SC, freely extending between the two lateral walls of the element.

2. Constructive element according to clause 1, in which the element is rectangular shaped as taken in cross section, the longer sides forming the lateral walls of the element, and the inner wall extending in parallel to an upper and a lower wall of the element.

3. Element according to clause 1, in which the inner wall extends over at least substantially the full length of the clement.

4. Element according to clause | or 2, in which the element correspondingly is provided another, parallel to the first inner wall extending inner wall part,

5. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the distance between the inner walls is larger than between an nner wall part and the adjacent upper or lower outer wall part of the element.

6, Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the distance between the inner walls is between one and a half and two and a half times, preferably at least about twice of the distance between an inner wall and an outermost upper or lower wall of the clement.

7. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the upper and the lower wall of the element are of a consistent relatively large thickness compared to the thickness of an inner wall.

23 8 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the thickness of at least one outermost upper or lower wall is twice the thickness of an inner wall.

3, Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the thickness of a lateral wall part above and below an inner wall is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part.

39 10. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the thickness of a lateral wall part between the inner walls is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part,

„35e il. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which at least one of an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part is of a larger thickness than the remainder section of the lateral wall part.

12. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, according to which the S thickness of the at least one of the upper or lower section of the lateral wall is smaller than the thickness of an upper or lower wall of the element.

13. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a to be nominated upper wall of the element is centrally provided with a longitudinally extending rim, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall.

14 Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which at least one of the upper and lower section of a lateral wall is provided with a groove, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an oer wall.

15. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the groove is incorporated at a level at least largely within the thickness, at least within the projection ofthe relevant upper or lower wall, 16, Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element is constructed, at least capable of being constructed as a composite clement in which two clement parts are in line interconnected by a fitting immer element part, the element extending in a corresponding hollow section of the clement parts.

17 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the inner element part is included in between two inner wall parts. 18, Element in accordance with any of the two preceding clauses, in which the ner clement is provided as a hollow element in aluminium. is, Element in accordance with any of the three preceding clauses, in which the inner element is fixed, preferably in a releasable manner such as by bolting, to the in line clement parts, 28, Element in accordance with any of the four preceding clauses, in which the ner element extends over at least virtually the full length of the composite element, 21, Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element, forming a square element, is transversely connected with a transverse element part such as a stand or column part, in particular by ahunintu welding, more in particular to an open end of the other transverse element part.

<36

22. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the lateral walls of one clement part are connected to the tip end of the other transverse part, in particular under omission of an end part of the outer wall facing, i.e. at the side of the other transverse element.

23. Element according to any of the two preceding clement clauses, in which the open tip end of one of the two transverse connected element parts is closed of by a plate jnchuded in line with the remote outer wall of the other transverse clement part, connecting the upper and lateral walls of the one transverse connected element part with the tip end of the aligned outer wall of the other transverse connected element part, 18 24 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the connection between the transverse element parts is re-enforced by a plated shore extending at an acute angle with each of the transverse element parts.

25. Element part according to the preceding clause in which the plated shore is extends between two transverse extending side plates, parallel to the lateral sides of the transverse element parts.

26. Element according to the preceding clause, in which the side plates are formed by one of the two transverse element parts, and wherein the inner wall or walls extend up to the shore plate, ie. are limited in length relative to the length of the upper, at least outer most wall part of the relevant transverse element part, 27 Method of constructing a building, comprising the use of a constructive element in aluminium in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive clement part is connected to a another corresponding clement part with transversely connected clement part, the transverse element part included as a colapm, tn particular by connection to 3 column base, using a fitting inner element part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses,

28. Method in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the inner part is ineluded in the connecting part of the square element,

29. Method according to the preceding clause, in which the inner element part is slid into the other, to be connected, aligned element part.

30. Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square slervent are joint together, back to back as it were, 50 as to forma T shaped constructive element, the joint parts forming a pillar or column.

“37

31. Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square element part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to its base, in advance of connection with an elongated element part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method clause, 32 Building construction with an element or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses. [001647 Definitions {8) departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on what practically might amount to a new method of constructing:

[90165] Constructive element such as girder or stand in aluminiom, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, in which the clement is constructed, at least capable of being constructed as a composite element of at least two element parts, in which the two element parts are in line interconnected by a fitting, equally hollow profiled inner element part, the toner 13 clement extending in each of the two element parts a corresponding hollow section of the element parts.

[noise] Element in accordance with the preceding clause |, in which the inner element is configured to extend in each element part over a length of at least one and a half time the height of the constructive element,

[00187] Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the element is provided with two inner walls extending between two lateral walls of the element, and in which the mner element part is included in between the two inner wall parts.

[00168] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the distance between the two inner walls is larger than a distance between an inner wall and an outermost, upper or lower wall of the element.

0169] Element in accordance with any of the two preceding clauses, in which both the element, hence the element parts and the inner element is provided as a hollow element in aluminium, 001701 Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the inner element is fixed, preferably in a releasable manner such as by bolting, to each of the two, in line connected element parts.

„38. [001711 Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the inner element extends over at least virtually the entire length of the composite element. [001721 Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which an element, part is transversely connected with a transverse element part such as a stand or column part, in particular by aluminium welding, mors in particular to an open end of the other transverse element part.

[09173] Element in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the lateral walls of one element part are connected to the tip end of the other transverse part, in particular under omission of an end part of the outer wall facing, Le. at the side of the other transverse element.

[00174] Element according to any of the two preceding element clauses, in which the open tip end of one of the two transverse connected element parts is closed of by a plate included in line with the remote outer wall of the other transverse element part, connecting the upper and lateral walls of the one transverse connected element part with the tip end of the aligned outer wall of the other transverse connected element part, [001751 Element in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the connection between the transverse element parts is re-enforced by a plated shore extending at an acute angle with each of the transverse element parts.

[00176] Element part according to the preceding claim in which the plated shore 1s extends between two transverse extending side plates, parallel to the lateral sides of the transverse element paris. [001771 Element according to the preceding claim, in which the side plates are formed by one of the two transverse element parts, and wherein the mner wall or walls extend up to the shore plate, Le. are limited in length relative to the length of the upper, at least outer most wall part of the relevant transverse element pant.

[00178] Method of constructing a building, comprising the use of a constructive element in aluminium in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive element part is connected to a another corresponding clement part with transversely connected clement part, the transverse element part included as a colon, in particular by connection io a column base, using a fitting inner element part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses,

<39. fooi79j Method in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the inner part is inehaded in the connecting part of the square slement, [poiss] Method according to the preceding claim, in which the inner element part is slid into the other, to be connected, aligned element part, [eoisl] Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square element are joint together, back to back as it were, so ax to form a T shaped constructive element, the joint paris forming a pillar or column.

[00182] Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square element part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to its base, in advance of connection with an vlongated element part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method claim, 00183} Building construction with an clement or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses. n0igd] Method of constructing a building, comprising the use of a constructive element iS in aluminium in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive element part is connected to a another corresponding element part with transversely connected element part, the transverse element pari included as a column, in particular by connection to 4 coun base, using a fitting ter element part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses. [0018s] Method in accordance with the preceding clause, th which the inner part is included m the connecting part of the square element.

[00186] Method according to the preceding clause, mt wlach the inner element part is slid into the other, to be comected, aligned element part, [001871 Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square 23 clement ate joint together, back to back as # were, so as to form a T shaped constructive element, the joint parts forming a pillar or column, foci88] Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square slement part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to its base, in advance of connection with an elongated element part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method clause.

[00189] Building construction with an element or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses.

Ai}

{001901 The present invention, apart from the preceding description, including clauses, definitions and/or statements, which by virtue of their relation to the same object, e.g. in the form of a specific aspect thereof or specific contribution thereto, at least relating to the same set of figures, may be freely mutually combined, is further explained along a following reference number list, set of claims and figures, in which various aspects are explained or figuratively represented that are united in the present application as one invention, however the combination of which is indicated to possibly form the subject of a separate and different claim either within the present application or as a divisional application,

Alm Referenes number list: tl Building 11B Nut rotationally held locked by lateral 2 Column section: stand insert or cassette wall 2A first column embodiment 35 12 Square clement; pre-fabricated 2B second coluion smbodiment with colunm and girder section 2L rear side extension of column; lug 12F Cohuan flange 2M flange openings for bolt insert 13 connection profile 3 Girder; Main girder I3A.

Retracted profile in transverse wall 4 Traverse or traverse ginder 49 13B Protrading profile at transvers wall 4U U-shaped support for traverse 4 14 Lateral wall 4D open drain for inserting into 4U 14A Opening access Hd in lateral wall 4R U-shaped reinforcement profile in 4 148 Drain; Gutter pipe 5 Intermediate girder; extension piece 15 Transverse wall Sa upper givder wall 45 15a Outer transverse wall 3b upper inner wall connecting side walls 15b Profiled outer transverse wall 5e lower inner wall connecting side walls 15¢ internal transverse wall Sd Lower girder wall 15d Hollow insert SL lug; Girder side wall part; 16 Reinforcing profile and Cover 5M Reinforcement end plate diagonal 30 17 profile insert 3N extended upper givder wall 18 Holt, connection member SR Rim on top face of girders 3 and 5 te Cover; Gap closure & floor panel; slab 20 mtermediate column section 7 brace; re-enforcement brace 21 column end section & support element; for girder 3 $5 22 column cap, upper end plate 8B bracket or console for 8 23 colunm upper end section opening 8R Recess in transverse wall 88 24 gohunn bottom and access port 8N Notch to bottom wall of B, positioning 8 25 Column botton: end and support plate to 8B 26 Lateral wall of girder 5 9 parking lot 60 27 Thicker upper and or lower 10 one way lane lateral wall section of girder 5 11 cassette part; for cassette intercommection28 Groove in lateral wall of gieder 5 1 1A Bolt for cassette connection 29 Fence of garage floor

42e 39 Building in aluminium 33 Light device - light system 31 {Cubicle § 34 Element with bolt holding profile 32 Synthetic insert - isolator 33 device clips for click connection,

CLAUSES i. Clause 1: Constructive element such as girder or stand in aluminium, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken In cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section provided with at least one inner wall part freely extending between the two lateral walls of the element. 2 Constructive element according to clause 1, in which the element is rectangular shaped as taken in cross section, the longer sides forming the lateral walls of the element, and the inner wall extending in parallel to an upper and a lower wall of the element.

3. Blement according to clause 1, in which the inner wall extends over at least substantially the tall length of the element.

4, Blement according to clause 1 or 2, in which the element correspondingly is provided another, parallel to the first inner wall extending inner wall part,

5. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the distance between the inner walls is larger than between an inner wall part and the adjacent upper or lower outer wall part of the element.

6. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the distance between the inner walls is between one and a half and two and a half times, preferably at least about twice of the distance between an imer wall and an outermost upper or lower wall of the element.

7. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the upper and the lower wall of the element are of a consistent relatively large thickness compared to the thickness of an inner wall,

8. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the thickness of at least one outermost upper or lower wall is twice the thickness of an inner wall.

9. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the thickness of a lateral wall part above and below an inner wall is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part, iG. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the thickness of lateral wall part between the inner walls is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part,

rn il. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which at least one of an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part is of a larger thickness than the remainder section of the lateral wall part, 12, Element in accordance with the preceding clause, according to which the thickness of the at least one of the upper or lower section of the lateral wall is smaller than the thickoess of an upper or lower wall of the element,

13. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a to be nominated upper wall of the element is centrally provided with a longitudinally extending rim, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall.

i014, Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which at least one of the upper and lower section of a lateral wall is provided with a groove, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall.

15. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the groove is tncorporated at a level at least largely within the thickness, at least within the projection of the relevant upper or lower wall,

16. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element is constructed, at least capable of being constructed as a composite element in which two clement paris are in line interconnected by a fitting inner element part, the element extending in a corresponding hollow section of the element parts.

17. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the inner element part is included in between two inner wall parts. …

18. Element in accordance with any of the two preceding clauses, in which the inner element is provided as a hollow element in aluminium.

19. Element in accordance with any of the three preceding clauses, in which the inner element is fixed, preferably in a releasable manner such as by bolting, to the in line element parts.

28. Element in accordance with any of the four preceding clauses, in which the inner element extends over at least virtually the full length of the composite element.

21. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element, forming a square element, is transversely connected with a transverse element part such as a stand or column part, in particular by aluminiom welding, more in particular to an open end of the other transverse element part.

-45-

22. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the lateral walls of one element part are connected to the tip end of the other transverse part, in particular under omission of an end part of the outer wall facing, i.e, at the side of the other transverse element.

23. Element according to any of the two preceding element clauses, in which the open tip end of one of the two transverse connected element parts is closed of by a plate included in line with the remote outer wall of the other transverse element part, connecting the upper and lateral walls of the one transverse connected element part with the tip end of the aligned outer wall of the other transverse connected element part.

24. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the connection between the transverse element parts 1s re-enforced by a plated shore extending at an acute angle with cach of the transverse element parts, 25, Element part according to the preceding clause in which the plated shore is extends between two transverse extending side plates, parallel! to the lateral sides ofthe transverse clement parts,

28. Element according to the preceding clause, in which the side plates are formed by one of the two transverse element parts, and wherein the inner wall or walls extend up io the shore plate, Le. ave limited in length relative to the length of the upper, at least outer roost wall part of the relevant transverse element part.

27, Method of constructing a building, comprising the use of a constructive element in aluminium in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive element part is connected to a another corresponding element part with transversely connected element part, the transverse element part included as a coluron, in particular by connection to a column base, using a fitting inner element part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses.

28. Method in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the inner part is included in the connecting part of the square element.

29. Method according to the preceding clause, in which the inner element part is slid into the other, to be connected, aligned element part.

30 Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square clement are joint together, back to back as it were, so as to form a T shaped constructive clement, the joint parts forming a pillar or column.

Ae

31. Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square element part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to iis base, in advance of connection with an elongated element part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method clause, Ss 32. Building construction with an element or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses,

Claims (1)

CONCLUSIONS i. Structural element {5) such as girder or upright in aluminium, wherein the cross-section of the element is provided with an elongated hollow profile, in particular formed by means of extrusion, wherein the hollow cross-section is provided with at least one inner wall part (SA, SB) which extends freely between the two side walls {26} of the element. A structural element according to claim 1 in which the element is rectangular in shape as taken in cross-section, the longer sides forming the side walls of the element, and the inner wall extending parallel to an upper and lower wall of the element, 3. Element as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner wall extends over at least substantially the full length of the element. 4. Element as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the element is correspondingly provided with another inner wall part extending parallel to the first inner wall. 5. Element according to the preceding paragraph, wherein the distance between the inner walls is greater than between an inner wall part and the adjacent upper or lower outer wall part of the element, 6. Element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the distance between the inner walls is between one and a half and two and a half times, preferably at least about twice the distance between an inner wall and an outer top or bottom wall of the element. An element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the top and bottom walls (5A; SB) of the element (3; 5) have a consistent relatively large thickness compared to the thickness of an inner wall (SB, 5C) . 8. An element according to the foregoing, wherein the thickness of at least one outer top or bottom wall is twice the thickness of an inner wall. a, Element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the thickness of a side wall des! above and below an inner wall is smaller than an upper or lower part (27) of a side wall part (26). AB 10. Element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of a side wall part below the inner walls is less than an upper or lower part of a side wall part, 11. Element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of an upper or lower section (27) of a side wall part has a greater thickness than the rest of the side wall part (26). 12. Element according to the foregoing provision, according to which the thickness of at least one of the upper or lower parts of the side wall is Less than the thickness of an upper or lower wall of the element. 13. Element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein a top wall of the element to be named is centrally provided with a longitudinally extending edge (SR), in particular with a width and thickness that corresponds to the thickness of an inner wall ( SB, 5C). 14. Element according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one of the upper and lower parts of a side wall is provided with a groove (28), in particular with a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall, Element according to the preceding paragraph, wherein the groove (28) is included at a level at least largely within the thickness, at least within the projection of the respective top or bottom wall, Element (5) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the element is constructed, at least can be constructed as a composite element in which two element parts (3,5; §;5) are connected in line by a suitable inner element part (11), the element {11} protruding into a corresponding cavity section of the element parts. 17. Element according to the preceding paragraph, wherein the inner element part (11) is accommodated between two inner wall parts (58, 5C). Element according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the inner element (11) is provided with aluminum as a hollow element, An element according to any one of the three preceding claims, wherein the inner element is attached, preferably detachably, such as by means of bolts (11B, LIN), to the aligned element parts (3,5; 5,5). 49. An element according to any one of the four preceding claims, wherein the bimene element (11) extends over at least substantially the full length of the composite element (5; 3). 21. Element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the element {5} forms a right-angled element (12) and is transversely connected to a transverse element part (2) such as an upright or column part, in particular by aluminum welding, more in particular in particular with an open end of the other transverse element part. 22. Element according to the preceding claim, wherein the side walls of one clement part (SL) are connected to the end of the other cross part (2), in particular with omission of an end part of an outwardly facing wall, ie on the side of the other cross element (2). 23, Element (12) according to one of the two preceding element claims, wherein the open end of one of the two transversely connected element parts (2, 3} is closed by a plate (21) received in line with the remote outer wall of the other transverse element part, connecting the top (SA) and side walls (51) of the one transversely connected element part (3) to the end of the aligned outer wall of the other transversely connected eleroeni part (2), 24, Element (12) according to the foregoing member, the connection between the transverse element parts being reinforced by a strut plate (SM) extending at an acute angle with each of the transverse element parts (2, 3). two transversely extending side plates (SA, 5D}, and parallel to the lateral sides of the parts (26) of the right angle element (12). 26, Method of constructing a building, comprising the use of a construction 23 active element (5, 12) in aluminum according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a constructive element part (5; 12) is connected to another corresponding element part (3) with its element part (12) connected at right angles thereto, the right angle element part {2} being incorporated as a column, in particular by connection to a column base, using a suitable inner element part (11) rims of the preceding claims. -50- 27. Method according to the preceding paragraph, wherein the inner part (11) is incorporated in the connecting part of the right-angle element, in particular by way of pre-fabrication. 28, Method according to the preceding paragraph, in which the inner element part (11} is slid into S the other aligned element part {5} to be connected, 29. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, in which two perpendicular elements (12) are, as it were, connected back to back to form a T-shaped structural element, the connected parts of which form a pillar or column. VOTMEN, 230, Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, wherein a right angle element part, as such or in T-shape in case of connection with another square element (12), is arranged, in particular connected to its base, prior to connection with an elongate element part (5), in particular according to a preceding method claim, 31. Building construction having an element or method in conjunction with any of the preceding claims,