JP6950068B1 - Residential building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably and legally carry out an extension or remodeling in the upward direction in the future with sufficient strength of the main part of the skeleton, and to perform a steel skeleton of the main part of the skeleton at the time of extension or remodeling. We will provide a residential building that can survive and be inherited as a long-term residential building while increasing its value as a real estate with excellent workability that can be changed. SOLUTION: A residential building is provided with a skeleton main part 1 composed of a foundation 10 and a steel frame skeleton 11, and the skeleton main part 1 has a substantially symmetrical structure or substantially the same as the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 which are the framework of the living part. It is constructed in two places in the structure, and has a structural design that assumes an extension or refurbishment in the upstairs direction where the load will increase in the future. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention also relates to residential buildings. Specifically, future extension or renovation in the upstairs direction can be carried out stably and legally with sufficient strength of the main part of the skeleton, and the steel skeleton of the main part of the skeleton at the time of extension or renovation. It is related to a residential building that has excellent workability and can be survived or inherited as a long-term residential building.

Since ancient times, earthquakes have occurred frequently in Japan, and the earthquake resistance of buildings is a serious concern. In particular, for general residential buildings, wooden construction with a frame construction method such as 2x4 (two-by-four) is still the mainstream from the viewpoint of construction costs, but in recent years, steel-framed residential buildings with excellent earthquake resistance. Is evaluated again. On the other hand, a steel-framed residential building has a problem that the construction cost is high as a general house.

For this reason, when constructing a steel-framed residential building, there is a tendency to build with the minimum floor plan according to the family structure at that time in order to suppress the construction cost. However, in the future, it may be necessary to expand the room to increase the number of rooms due to circumstances such as living with an elderly parent or a child couple.

In addition, if there is an adverse effect caused by the fact that wooden houses with low construction costs have been the mainstream so far, in the case of wooden houses, there is a fundamental problem that the physical life is short in the first place. The owner's consciousness to continue using the house for a long period of 40 to 50 years is low.

Therefore, from the beginning of the construction of a residential building, future expansion or renovation is rarely expected, and this is the same even for a steel-framed residential building, when it becomes old and difficult to use. , It was a flow of demolishing this and building a new one (scrap and build).

However, this will incur high costs for the dismantling and removal of the original residential building, the construction of a new residential building, and the securing of temporary housing during construction, as well as the structural design and building confirmation again. There was a problem that it took too long to start the construction, such as the need to apply.

In order to carry out the above-mentioned extension or renovation, for example, a building structure as described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed. That is, in the residential building described in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 8 of Patent Document 1, a method of connecting another building unit to the existing residential building in the adjacent direction and extending the building is adopted. ing.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-180716

However, this structure is based on the premise that the land adjacent to the existing residential building is large enough to be used for extension, for example, the garden is small, or the land or house owned by another person is approaching. In some cases, extension is extremely difficult. Further, even when acquiring the surrounding land, there is a problem that a large amount of cost is required to acquire the land, especially in urban areas.

On the other hand, there is no such problem in the extension of a residential building in the upward direction, so it seems that construction can be done easily. However, in a general residential building, since the structural design is not made in consideration of the extension or renovation in the upstairs direction to be carried out after the fact, the extension or the like cannot be easily carried out.

That is, in the above case, for example, the main part of the skeleton composed of the foundation and the steel skeleton cannot withstand the load increased by the extension or remodeling, and there is a risk of collapse or crushing not only during an earthquake but also during normal times.

In particular, in the case of a steel-framed residential building, the columns and beams that make up the main part of the skeleton are heavy, so the Building Standards Law stipulates that the main part of the skeleton must be strong enough to support them. Therefore, for example, it is illegal to extend the building so that the load exceeds the strength suitable for the initial structural design, and the expanded residential building is illegal.

Furthermore, for example, when renovating an existing residential building from scratch, including not only upstairs but also the original house, the steel frame of the main part of the frame is not very regular, for example. In the case of a structure, the change is not easy, and if an easy change is made, an unfavorable structural burden (distortion, etc.) may occur, and as a result, the strength such as load bearing performance and seismic performance deteriorates. Was there.

Furthermore, in recent years, as mentioned above, with the dilemma that owners are less conscious of continuing to use ordinary houses for decades, maintenance and management of buildings, reduction of production costs, and industrial waste As a building method that widely recognizes the consideration for the global environment, effective and effective renovation has been proposed with a view to complete renovation and renovation and diversion according to changes in usage. ..

The present invention has been devised in view of the above points, and future extension or remodeling in the upward direction can be performed stably and legally with sufficient strength of the main part of the skeleton. At the same time, the purpose is to provide a residential building that has excellent workability such as changing the steel frame of the main part of the frame at the time of extension or renovation, and can survive or succeed as a long-term residential building. ..

(1) In order to achieve the above object, the residential building of the present invention is provided with a skeleton main part composed of a foundation and a steel skeleton, and the skeleton main part is an abbreviation for a living part forming skeleton which is a skeleton of a living part. It is constructed with a symmetrical structure or substantially the same structure, arranged at two locations, and with a structural design that assumes an extension or refurbishment in the upstairs direction where the load will increase in the future.

A residential building has a main part of the skeleton consisting of a foundation and a steel skeleton, and is constructed by building an outer wall, slab, finish, etc. on the main part of the skeleton. Further, the steel frame skeleton that constitutes the main part of the skeleton has a habitat forming skeleton that serves as a framework of the habitat at two places, and these two habitat forming skeletons have a substantially symmetrical structure or a substantially identical structure to each other.

In other words, the two living part forming skeletons are symmetry, and the outer wall, slab, finish, etc. are made in the main part of the skeleton consisting of the foundation of the residential building and the steel frame skeleton, or in the main part of the skeleton. Even as a residential building attached, it is advantageous to maintain a good balance of weight and strength as a whole.

In addition, there are various forms of symmetry, and there are cases where the symmetry structure is based on a reference line or a reference point between the living part forming skeletons (for example, line symmetry, point symmetry, plane symmetry, etc.), and they are the same. It may be a structure.

In addition, since the main part of the skeleton is provided with the skeleton for forming the living part in symmetry, for example, even if the steel skeleton of the main part of the skeleton is changed when performing renovation, the construction is common to many parts of each living part forming skeleton. In many cases, the work can be performed relatively easily and efficiently. Therefore, better workability can be obtained as compared with the work in which each living part forming skeleton is changed to have an irregular structure that is not symmetric.

In addition, since the residential building has a steel structure in the first place, it is excellent in strength such as load-bearing performance and seismic performance, and can withstand longer-term use as compared with wooden houses and the like. In addition, since the main part of the skeleton is constructed with a structural design that assumes an extension or renovation in the upstairs direction where the load will increase in the future, the state of the original residential building before the extension or renovation. Then, the load-bearing performance and the seismic-resistant performance have a margin that is more than sufficient, and the residential building has an extremely strong structural strength.

Then, when the main part of the skeleton needs to be expanded or remodeled in the upward direction in the future, the extension or remodeling initially envisioned is possible. In other words, the main part of the skeleton can support the load increased by the extension or renovation upstairs in addition to the load of the initial residential building, so there is no problem under the Construction Standards Law and the initial structural design. It is possible to realize the construction of a legal residential building with the load assumed in the above as the upper limit.

That is, for example, at the beginning, a one-story detached house where one household lived was built by the structural design assuming future extension or renovation as described above, and 10 years later, the number of families increased to two households. It was expanded to a total of two stories, and 20 years later, since it became only an elderly couple, it was renovated into an apartment and lived in one room, and the other room was rented. Alternatively, by gradually renovating the building, it is possible to continue or inherit it as a long-term residential building while increasing its value as a real estate.

Also, as another example, since it was a large family at the beginning, a total of two stories was built, and 10 years later, the children built a house and lived separately, and since it was only a couple, it was renovated into an apartment house (also an apartment house). It is also possible to live in one room, rent the other room, then separate the apartment house and renovate it into two detached houses, and rent each house.

(2) The residential building of the present invention may have a rigid frame structure in which the steel frame of the main part of the frame is made of heavy steel.

In this case, the residential building has a rigid frame structure in which the steel frame of the main part of the frame is rigidly joined, that is, each joint of the steel frame in which a rectangular frame is assembled into a plurality of rectangular shapes is rigidly joined. Since the main part is made of heavy steel frame, the main part of the skeleton is extremely excellent in load bearing performance and seismic resistance, and the structure is particularly suitable for the construction of a residential building that has two or more floors after extension.

(3) The residential building of the present invention has a configuration in which each of the living part forming skeletons can be connected and disconnected by attaching and detaching a required number of connecting beams to the living part forming skeleton. Can be done.

In this case, in the residential building, each living part forming skeleton can be connected by attaching a connecting beam to each living part forming skeleton arranged at an adjacent predetermined position. Further, by removing the connecting beam from each of the connected living portion forming skeletons, the connection of each living portion forming skeleton can be released.

That is, by connecting each living part forming skeleton by attaching a connecting beam, it is possible to construct a single residential building having each living part forming skeleton integrally. In addition, by disconnecting the connecting beams to release the connection of each living part forming skeleton, it is possible to construct two residential buildings in which each living part forming skeleton is separated. In this way, the combination of each residential part forming skeleton can flexibly correspond to the form of the residential building aimed at by extension or renovation.

(4) In the residential building of the present invention, by connecting the living part forming skeletons, a common part forming skeleton including a connecting beam, which is a framework of the common part, is formed between the living part forming skeletons. Can be configured as

In this case, the residential buildings can be arranged next to each other by connecting the living part forming skeletons with connecting beams. It is possible to construct a living part on each adjacent living part forming frame. In addition, since the common part forming skeleton including the connecting beam, which is the framework of the common part, is formed between each living part forming skeleton, the people living in the living part constructed on each living part forming skeleton jointly cooperate. It is possible to construct common areas such as stairs that can be used.

(5) In the residential building of the present invention, the connecting beam is H-shaped steel, and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the flange of the connecting beam or the thickness of the web in the thickness direction of the connecting beam for the beam in the living part forming skeleton. The structure can be attached and detached by tightening and fixing to the fixed seat.

In this case, the connecting beam is H-shaped steel, and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the flange of the connecting beam or in the thickness direction of the web, and tightened and fixed to the beam fixing seat in the living part forming skeleton. Therefore, at the time of fixing, the flange or web of the connecting beam and the contact surface of the beam fixing seat are easily brought into close contact with each other and are stable, so that the mounting work is easy and more robust fixing is possible with high rigidity.

(6) In the residential building of the present invention, the connecting beam is a square steel pipe, and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through in the minimum radial direction of the connecting beam to form a fixed seat for the beam in the living part forming skeleton. The structure can be attached and detached by tightening and fixing the structure.

In this case, the connecting beam is a square steel pipe, and a required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the connecting beam in the minimum radial direction and tightened and fixed to the beam fixing seat in the living portion forming skeleton. According to this, at the time of fixing, bolts are passed through the opposing plates on the fixed side of the connecting beam, that is, the plate on the opposite side to the plate in contact with the beam fixing seat, and the beam fixing seat, and the nut is tightened to fix. Will be done.

Since the connecting beam fixed in this way has a space inside, the plate on the opposite side to the plate in contact with the beam fixing seat is slightly bent and deformed by the tightening force of the nut, and is extremely firmly fixed. Compared to H-beams, it has excellent toughness against external forces. As a result, compared to H-section steel, the displacement balance when an external force is applied is excellent, and brittle fracture of the connecting beam and large deformation that does not return to the base are unlikely to occur.

(7) The residential building of the present invention may have a structure in which a guide portion for guiding the connecting beam to be attached to the attachment position is provided on the fixed seat for the beam.

In this case, since the beam fixing seat is provided with a guide portion for guiding the connecting beam to be attached to the mounting position, the connecting beam can be easily positioned when it is attached to the beam fixing seat, and workability can be improved. Is good. Also, when removing the connecting beam from the beam fixing seat, when the fixing bolts and nuts are removed, it is still held by the guide, and the operator accidentally drops the connecting beam. Can be prevented.

(8) In the residential building of the present invention, a connecting part for connecting the extension part or the refurbished part is provided in the upper part of the main part of the skeleton when the extension or the renovation is carried out in the upward direction. Can be configured as

In this case, the connection part is provided in the upper part of the main part of the skeleton, and the extension part or the renovation part can be connected, so that it becomes necessary to extend or renovate the building upstairs after constructing the original residential building. At that time, the extension or renovation initially envisioned can be carried out upstairs.

That is, the work efficiency is improved by connecting the pillars and beams constituting the extension part or the renovation part to the connection part of the initial residential building and constructing the extension part or the renovation part using it as a clue, and it is relatively relatively. In a short period of time, it is possible to realize the construction of a legal residential building with the upper limit of the load assumed in the initial structural design.

(9) In order to achieve the above object, in the construction method of the residential building of the present invention, the main part of the skeleton composed of the foundation and the steel skeleton and the skeleton forming the living part which is the frame of the living part have a substantially symmetrical structure or abbreviated. The step of constructing a non-apartment house by arranging it in two places with the same structure and constructing it with a structural design assuming an extension or renovation in the upstairs direction where the load will increase in the future, and the upstairs direction of the non-apartment house When it becomes necessary to extend or renovate the building, the main part of the skeleton is used as it is as the skeleton, and there is a step to construct the housing complex by expanding or remodeling in the necessary upstairs direction.

According to the construction method of the residential building of the present invention, the main part of the skeleton composed of the foundation and the steel skeleton is arranged at two places with the skeleton forming the living part which is the skeleton of the living part having a substantially symmetrical structure or a substantially the same structure. , The two dwelling parts forming skeletons are symmetric.

As a result, each residential part forming skeleton can be used as the main part of the skeleton consisting of the foundation and steel frame of the residential building, or as a non-apartment house with outer walls, slabs, finishes, etc. built into the main part of the skeleton. It is advantageous to maintain a good balance of balance and strength.

In addition, since the main part of the skeleton is provided with the skeleton for forming the living part in symmetry, for example, even if the steel skeleton of the main part of the skeleton is changed when performing renovation, the construction is common to many parts of each living part forming skeleton. In many cases, the work can be performed relatively easily and efficiently. Therefore, better workability can be obtained as compared with the work of changing the irregularly constructed skeleton of each living part, which is not symmetric.

In addition, by constructing a non-apartment house such as a detached house by constructing it with a structural design assuming an extension or renovation in the upstairs direction where the load will increase in the future, the non-apartment house will be before the extension or renovation. In the initial state of a residential building, there is a margin that is more than sufficient for load bearing performance and seismic performance, and the residential building has extremely strong structural strength.

Then, in the future, when it becomes necessary to extend or renovate a non-apartment house in the upward direction to make it, for example, a total of two stories or an apartment, the main part of the skeleton is used as it is as the skeleton, and the necessary upstairs direction. It is possible to construct an apartment house that has been expanded or refurbished as initially envisioned by constructing an apartment house or the like by expanding or remodeling it.

In other words, the main part of the skeleton can support the load increased by the extension or renovation upstairs in addition to the load of the initial residential building, so there is no problem under the Building Standards Law and the initial structural design. It is possible to realize the construction of a legal residential building with the load assumed in the above as the upper limit.

That is, for example, at the beginning, a one-story detached house in which one household lived was built by the structural design assuming future extension or renovation as described above, and 10 years later, the number of families increased to two. It was expanded to a total of two stories, and 20 years later, because it was only an elderly couple, it was renovated into an apartment and lived in one room, and the other room was rented. By gradually expanding or remodeling, it is possible to continue or inherit as a long-term residential building while increasing its value as a real estate.

In addition, since this extension or renovation applies for building confirmation based on a structural design that can support the building after the extension, it will be a legal building at least under the Building Standards Act at the time of this application. In addition, if there is a possibility that a steel-framed building will be required to have higher strength in future revisions to the law, it is possible to design the structure in consideration of the required strength in the future.

The non-apartment house referred to in the present invention means, in principle, a house provided with a single living part in which one household lives, such as a detached house. Further, the apartment house referred to in the present invention means a house in which, in principle, a plurality of individual housing units in which different households live are provided in the same building, such as an apartment or a condominium. ..

(10) In order to achieve the above object, in the construction method of the residential building of the present invention, the main part of the skeleton composed of the foundation and the steel skeleton is formed, and the skeleton forming the living part which is the skeleton of the living part is substantially symmetrical or abbreviated. When it is necessary to arrange in the same structure and construct an apartment building with a structural design assuming a predetermined extension or renovation to construct an apartment house, and when an extension or renovation of the apartment house needs to be done upstairs, the main part of the skeleton It is used as a skeleton as it is, and has steps to construct a non-apartment house by making necessary extensions or renovations.

This construction method has the same requirements as the construction method of (9) above, and the above is incorporated for the same action arising from this requirement, and the description thereof will be omitted. On the other hand, in this construction method, contrary to the construction method (9) above, it is possible to initially construct an apartment house or the like and later remodel it into a non-apartment house or the like.

(11) The method for constructing a residential building of the present invention has a structure in which each of the living portion forming skeletons can be connected and disconnected by attaching and detaching a required number of connecting beams to the living portion forming skeleton. Yes, the connecting beam can be removed from each residential part forming skeleton or the mounting position can be changed at the time of extension or remodeling.

In this case, in the residential building, each living part forming skeleton can be connected by attaching a connecting beam to each living part forming skeleton arranged at an adjacent predetermined position. Further, by removing the connecting beam from each of the connected living portion forming skeletons, the connection of each living portion forming skeleton can be released.

That is, by connecting each living part forming skeleton by attaching a connecting beam, it is possible to construct a single residential building having each living part forming skeleton integrally. In addition, by disconnecting the connecting beams to release the connection of each living part forming skeleton, it is possible to construct two residential buildings in which each living part forming skeleton is separated.

Furthermore, when the connecting beam becomes an obstacle, for example, when remodeling, when you want to take a large space in the common area, change the mounting position to a place where it does not interfere while maintaining the necessary functions such as strength. You can also. In this way, the combination of the skeletons forming each residential part by the connecting beams can be flexibly adapted to the form of the residential building aimed at by extension or renovation.

(12) In the construction method of a residential building of the present invention, after structural design, a simulation assuming an earthquake is performed by a predetermined simulation software to verify the strength of the main part of the skeleton, and if the strength is sufficient. , It is also possible to proceed with the construction of residential buildings.

In this case, before building a residential building, it is possible to verify, for example, how much earthquake it can withstand by simulation, so in some cases, the structure can be used to build a stronger residential building. It will be possible to construct a residential building that is closer to the owner's wishes, such as redesigning.

According to the present invention, future extension or remodeling in the upward direction can be performed stably and legally with sufficient strength of the main part of the skeleton, and the main part of the skeleton at the time of extension or remodeling. It is possible to provide a residential building and a method of constructing a residential building, which is excellent in workability such as changing the steel frame of the building and can be maintained or inherited as a residential building for a long period of time.

The structure of the main part of the skeleton constituting the residential building according to the present invention is shown, (a) is a perspective explanatory view of the main part of the skeleton, and (b) is an enlarged view of the connection part shown in P1 part of (a). The structure of the main part of the skeleton is shown, (a) is a plan view of the foundation part, (b) is a front view without the foundation, and (c) is a plan view with the foundation omitted. The mounting structure of the beam is shown, (a) is a front view, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA. The structure of the residential building according to the present invention is shown, (a) is a perspective view of the residential building, and (b) is an enlarged view of the covering portion shown in P2 portion of (a). It is an exploded perspective explanatory view of the covering part shown in FIG. The planned transition of the form of the residential building according to the present invention is shown, (a) shows a perspective view showing the first form (one-story type), and (b) shows the second form (total second floor extension type). The perspective view, (c) is the perspective view which shows the 3rd form (apartment house remodeling type). It is explanatory drawing which shows the sketch of the residential building of FIG. 6A. FIG. 6B shows the structure of a residential building, FIG. 6A is a sketch of the first floor, and FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram showing a sketch of the second floor. It is explanatory drawing which shows the sketch of each floor (common) of the residential building of FIG. 6C. A first modification of the beam mounting structure is shown, where FIG. 3A is a front view and FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along line BB. A second modification of the beam mounting structure is shown, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a CC sectional view. A third modification of the beam mounting structure is shown, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a DD cross-sectional view. A fourth modified example of the beam mounting structure is shown, (a) is a front view, and (b) is an EE cross-sectional view. It is explanatory drawing which shows one Example of the flow of the construction method of the residential building which concerns on this invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13. In addition, the reference numerals in each figure are attached within a range that can reduce the complexity of the drawings while assisting the understanding of the explanation, and when a plurality of equivalents to which the same reference numerals are attached, only a part thereof is attached. There is.

With reference to FIGS. 1 to 9, the residential building according to the present invention, the structure of the main part of the skeleton of the residential building, and the construction method of the residential building will be described. In the present embodiment, what is initially constructed is a one-story detached residential building A1 (see FIGS. 6 (a) and 7), which has a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view. Part 1 will be described.

<Structure of main part 1 of the skeleton>
See FIGS. 1 to 3.
The main part 1 of the skeleton shown in FIG. 1 forms the main part of the skeleton of the residential building A1. The main skeleton portion 1 is composed of a foundation portion 10 and a steel frame skeleton 11 constructed on the foundation portion 10.

The main part 1 of the skeleton is constructed with a structural design assuming an extension or remodeling in the upward direction where the load will increase in the future. This structural design will be described in the construction method of a residential building described later.

(Foundation part 10)
The foundation portion 10 is made of reinforced concrete on the construction surface and is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view. The foundation portion 10 is provided in parallel connecting the foundation bases 100 provided in parallel at two locations, the foundation pillars 101 provided at four locations on each foundation base 100 at predetermined intervals, and the intermediate portions of the foundation bases 100. It has an underground beam 102 (see FIGS. 1 and 2 (a)).

Each pillar 111 is connected to the foundation portion 10 via an anchor bolt (not shown) to each foundation pillar 101. Further, the connection between the foundation portion 10 and the pillar 111 may be a mode in which the pillar 111 is embedded in the foundation portion 10 in addition to a mode in which the pillar 111 is connected via anchor bolts. Further, in the present embodiment, all the columns 111 are connected to the foundation portion 10, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a part of the columns 111 is not connected to the foundation portion 10 (for example, studs). Etc.) are not excluded.

(Steel frame 11)
The steel frame 11 is a rigid frame structure having a plurality of columns 111 made of heavy steel and a plurality of beams 112 made of heavy steel erected between the columns 111, and is excellent in earthquake resistance and load resistance. Suitable for future expansion. The heavy-duty steel frame adopted in the present embodiment has a plate thickness of 6 mm or more, a square steel pipe is used as the column 111, and H-shaped steel is used as the beam 112.

Needless to say, depending on the strength required for a residential building, it is possible to use only a lightweight steel frame or to share a lightweight steel frame and a heavy steel frame. Further, what kind of steel material is used for the column 111 and the beam 112 is not limited, and various steel materials including I-shaped steel, groove-shaped steel, solid columnar body and the like can be adopted.

The beam 112 may be provided with only a beam that supports the roof slab 23, for example, when the initially constructed residential building is a one-story detached house. A beam for supporting the floor slab 22 on each floor may be provided below the beam. Further, in the present embodiment, the beam 112 is a beam that initially supports the roof slab 23, but when it is expanded in the upward direction in the future, it becomes a beam that supports the floor slab of the second floor portion. ..

Further, although the steel frame skeleton 11 lists columns 111 and beams 112 as the minimum constituent members, it does not exclude a mode in which members such as braces are added in addition to the columns 111 and beams 112. Further, the term "beam" means a horizontal member erected between each column 111, and is used as a general term including a girder and the like.

The steel frame skeleton 11 includes living portion forming skeletons L1 and L2 provided adjacent to each other at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction. The living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 consist of four columns 111 erected vertically at the corners of a rectangle in a plan view, and a total of four beams erected horizontally between their upper parts. It is formed of 112. Living parts such as living rooms and water areas can be constructed on the living parts forming skeletons L1 and L2.

The upper end of each pillar 111 is provided so as to project from the beam 112 by a predetermined height, and this protruding portion serves as an extension connecting portion 113 (see FIG. 1). Further, a small beam 114, which is a heavy steel connecting beam, is attached between the columns 111 adjacent to each other of the living portion forming skeletons L1 and L2 at the same height as the beam 112.

As a result, the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 are connected and integrated, and between the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2, the four pillars 111 of the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 that are closer to each other and A slightly narrow common area due to the two beams 112 erected between the two sets of columns 111, the two small beams 114 connecting the columns 111, and the two underground beams 102 of the foundation portion 10. The forming skeleton L3 is formed (see FIG. 1). A common part such as a staircase that can be shared by people living in the living part constructed on each living part forming skeleton can be constructed on the common part forming skeleton L3.

Furthermore, when the beam 114 interferes with the space of the common area when expanding or remodeling later, the mounting position does not interfere while maintaining the necessary functions such as strength. You can change it to the place. In this way, the combination of the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 by the beam 114 can flexibly correspond to the form of the residential building aimed at by extension or renovation.

Here, the mounting structure of the beam 114 will be described with reference to FIG.
L-angle-shaped fixed seats 116 for beams are fixed at the same height positions on the opposing surfaces of the columns 111 of the living portion forming skeletons L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. The beam 114 to be attached is made of H-shaped steel and is formed to have a length substantially equal to the distance between the facing surfaces.

Each of the beam 114 is formed by placing a flange on one side on the upper surface of the horizontal portion of each beam fixing seat 116, passing a bolt through a through hole provided in the horizontal portion and the placed flange, and tightening with a double nut. It is fixed to the beam fixing seat 116 with fixing bolts and nuts 117.

According to this, at the time of fixing, the flange of the beam 114 and the contact surface of the beam fixing seat 116 are easily brought into close contact with each other and are stable, so that the beam 114 can be easily attached and can be fixed more firmly with high rigidity. It is possible.

As described above, the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 are connected via the attached beam 114, but since the beam 114 is removable, the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 are disconnected. You can also do it.

Further, in the form in which the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 are connected, the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 are symmetric. That is, the living portion forming skeletons L1 and L2 having the same shape, which are assembled in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, are symmetrically positioned with respect to the intermediate portion between them (see FIGS. 1 and 2A).

Further, to the extension connecting portion 113, a column-beam component or the like (not shown) of the extension portion to be extended in the upward direction can be connected. The extension connecting portion 113 uses the vicinity of the upper end portion of each pillar 111 as it is, and the protruding height thereof is, for example, 65 cm from the upper surface of the roof slab 23. The protruding height is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted as long as the height is easy to work with.

An outer wall 21 is provided on the steel frame 11 of the main part 1 of the skeleton. The outer wall 21 is attached via an outer wall base material (not shown) provided on the outside of the steel frame body 11. In the present embodiment, the outer wall 21 is a bearing wall, and is particularly excellent in bearing force against an external force from the lateral direction.

Further, in the present embodiment, since the residential building A1 to be constructed is a single-family house, a concrete floor slab 22 is provided on the foundation portion 10 of the first floor portion. A roof slab 23 is provided on the upper part of the steel frame 11 of the main part 1 of the skeleton. In this embodiment, the roof slab 23 is a flat flat roof with no slope.

On the upper surface (rooftop) of the roof slab 23, a handrail wall 231 is provided along the outer edge thereof. The handrail wall 231 is formed by notching a portion where the extension connection portion 113 is provided (see FIG. 4).

The extension connection portion 113 is covered by the occultation portion 115 at the construction stage shown in FIG. The covering portion 115 is formed of a panel material having a weather resistant coating, and has a shape in which the upper portion of a square cylinder is closed with a top plate. The occultation portion 115 is covered with an extension connection portion 113 to cover the occultation portion 115, and the lower flange portion (reference numeral omitted) is fixed to the floor surface of the roof by an anchor (reference numeral omitted) and is integrally provided.

As a result, the building 2 shown in FIG. 4 is constructed. Then, the construction of the one-story residential building A1 is completed by building the predetermined interior and exterior finishes on the building 2. As shown in the sketch of FIG. 7, the residential building A1 is a non-apartment house, that is, a non-apartment house.

(Action)
The operation of the residential building A1 according to the present invention will be described. The action and effect of the main part 1 of the skeleton will also be described.

The steel frame skeleton 11 constitutes the skeleton main part 1 of the residential building A1 to be constructed first in combination with the foundation part 10. The steel frame 11 has a rigid frame structure made of steel as described above, and is excellent in earthquake resistance and load resistance. By having the strength based on the above structural design, the main part 1 of the skeleton can support not only the residential building A1 to be initially constructed but also a predetermined extension part to be expanded upstairs in the future. can.

In other words, the main part 1 of the skeleton of the residential building A1 is structurally designed on the assumption that an extension part, etc. in the upstairs direction planned in the future will be constructed, and is constructed based on the structural design. The structure is such that the expected extension can be carried out stably and legally. Further, the main part 1 of the skeleton has a margin that is more than sufficient for load bearing performance and seismic performance in the state of the initial residential building A1 before extension or renovation, and has extremely strong structural strength.

Further, when the extension connection portion 113 needs to be expanded, the extension connection portion 113 can be used as a clue to connect the pillar-beam components of the extension portion to the residential building A1. It is possible to realize a predetermined extension by fully utilizing the strength of the main part 1 of the skeleton calculated by the structural design performed before the construction of. As a result, it is not necessary to re-apply for structural design and building confirmation at the time of extension, and the extension work can be started promptly, and the construction period can be shortened.

It should be noted that the covering portion 115 can prevent the extension connecting portion 113 from deteriorating due to the outdoor environment such as wind, rain and ultraviolet rays during the period from the construction of the residential building A1 to the time when the extension comes. Further, in the covering portion 115, for example, due to aged deterioration of the caulking portion or the like, a gap is formed between the extension connecting portion 113 and the rooftop slab or the like placed around the connection portion 113, and rainwater or the like infiltrates into the inside. It is also possible to reduce the possibility of problems such as corrosion of the steel frame 11.

The mounting structure of the beam 114 of the steel frame 11 is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 3, and various modified examples can be adopted. Hereinafter, modifications 1 to 4 will be described.

The mounting structure of the beam 114a, which is the first modification, will be described with reference to FIG.
L-angle-shaped fixed seats 116 for beams are fixed at the same height positions on the opposing surfaces of the columns 111 of the living portion forming skeletons L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. The beam 114a to be attached is a square steel pipe made of heavy steel frame, and is formed to have a length substantially equal to the distance between the facing surfaces.

Both ends of the beam 114a are placed on the upper surface of the horizontal portion of the fixed seat 116 for each beam, and bolts are passed through holes provided in the horizontal portions and the plates facing each other in the minimum radial direction of the beam 114a to double the beam 114a. By tightening with nuts, the fixed seats 116 for each beam are fixed with fixing bolts and nuts 117.

Since the beam 114a fixed in this way has a space inside, the plate on the opposite side to the plate in contact with the beam fixing seat 116 is slightly bent and deformed by the tightening force of the nut, and is extremely firmly fixed. Compared to H-beams, it has excellent toughness against external forces. As a result, compared to H-section steel, the displacement balance when an external force is applied is excellent, and brittle fracture of the connecting beam and large deformation that does not return to the base are unlikely to occur.

Further, with reference to FIG. 11, the mounting structure of the beam 114b, which is the second modification, will be described.
L-angle-shaped beam fixing seats 116 and 116a are arranged in two steps and horizontally at the same height position on the opposing surfaces of the columns 111 of the living portion forming skeletons L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. The parts are fixed so as to be parallel. The distance between the horizontal portions is substantially the same as the distance between the outer surfaces of the flanges of the beam 114b, which is an H-shaped steel made of heavy steel.

The beam 114b to be attached is formed to have substantially the same length as the distance between the opposing surfaces. The beam 114b is arranged so that each flange is in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the horizontal portions of the fixed seats 116 and 116a for each beam and is sandwiched. By tightening with a double nut on the outside, the fixed seats 116 and 116a for each beam are fixed with fixing bolts and nuts 117.

According to this, at the time of fixing, each flange of the beam 114b and the contact surfaces of the beam fixing seats 116 and 116a are easily brought into close contact with each other and are stable, so that the beam 114b can be easily attached and is more rigid with high rigidity. Can be fixed.

Further, with reference to FIG. 12, the mounting structure of the beam 114c, which is the third modification, will be described.
L-angle-shaped beam fixing seats 116 are fixed at the same height positions on the opposing surfaces of the columns 111 of the living portion forming skeletons L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. Guide pieces 118, which are guide portions, are provided on both sides of the fixed seats 116 for beams so as to stand up at right angles.

The beam 114c to be attached is a square steel pipe made of heavy steel frame, and is formed to have a length substantially equal to the distance between the facing surfaces. Both ends of the beam 114c are placed on the upper surface of the horizontal portion of each beam fixing seat 116 and housed between the guide pieces 118, and the horizontal portion and the beam 114c are provided through the plates facing each other in the minimum radial direction. By passing bolts through the holes, passing bolts through the through holes of each guide piece 118, and tightening them with double nuts, they are fixed to each beam fixing seat 116 with fixing bolts and nuts 117.

Since the beam 114c fixed in this way has a space inside, the plate on the opposite side to the plate in contact with the beam fixing seat 116 is slightly bent and deformed by the tightening force of the nut, and is extremely firmly fixed. Compared to H-beams, it has excellent toughness against external forces.

As a result, compared to H-section steel, the displacement balance when an external force is applied is excellent, and brittle fracture of the connecting beam and large deformation that does not return to the base are unlikely to occur. Since the bolts and nuts 117 are also fixed in the direction of penetrating each guide piece 118, the guide piece 118 can be attached more firmly than the modified example 2 shown in FIG.

Further, since the beam fixing seat 116 is provided with the guide piece 118 for guiding the beam 114c to be attached to the attachment position, the connecting beam 114c can be easily positioned when the beam fixing seat 116 is attached. It can be done and workability is good. Further, even when the connecting beam 114c is removed from the beam fixing seat 116, when the fixing bolts and nuts 117 are removed, the connecting beam 114c is still held by the guide piece 118, and the operator mistakenly removes the connecting beam 114c. Can be prevented from being dropped.

Further, with reference to FIG. 13, the mounting structure of the beam 114d, which is the modification example 4, will be described.
Beam fixing seats 116b are fixed at the same height positions on the opposing surfaces of the columns 111 of the living portion forming skeletons L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. Each beam fixing seat 116b is a rectangular plate and is fixed so that the short side is vertical (vertical).

The beam 114d to be attached is an I-shaped steel made of heavy-duty steel frame, and is formed to have a length substantially equal to the distance between the facing surfaces. The beam 114d is formed by applying a web to each beam fixing seat 116b on one side, passing a bolt through a through hole provided in the web and the beam fixing seat 116b, and tightening with a double nut to tighten each beam fixing seat 116b. It is fixed with fixing bolts and nuts 117.

According to this, at the time of fixing, the flange of the beam 114d and the contact surface of the beam fixing seat 116 are easily brought into close contact with each other and are stable, so that the beam 114d can be easily attached and can be fixed more firmly with high rigidity. It is possible. Since the beam fixing seat 116b is fixed vertically, it has excellent proof stress against an external force acting in the vertical direction.

Here, a method of constructing a residential building according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
(1) Construction of the original one-story detached house building A1 (1-1) The future planned extension and renovation will be carried out on the upper floor of the initially constructed one-story detached house building A1. As a result, assuming that the load increases from the residential building A2 to A3, which will be described later, the structural design of the main skeleton 1 of the residential building A1 (design based on the structural calculation according to the structural plan) is performed (S1).

Since the residential building A1 has a steel structure, it is excellent in strength such as load bearing performance and seismic performance, and can withstand longer-term use as compared with a wooden house or the like. In addition to that, since the main part 1 of the skeleton is constructed with a structural design assuming an extension or renovation in the upward direction where the load will increase in the future, the original residential building A1 before the extension or renovation. In the above state, the load bearing performance and the seismic performance have a margin that is more than sufficient, and the residential building has an extremely strong structural strength.

Then, when the main part 1 of the skeleton needs to be expanded or remodeled in the upward direction in the future, the initially expected extension or remodeling can be performed. That is, since the main part 1 of the skeleton can support the load increased by the extension or renovation upstairs in addition to the load of the initial residential building A1, there is no problem under the Construction Standards Law and the initial load is not present. It is possible to realize the construction of legal residential buildings with the upper limit of the load assumed in the structural design.

(1-2) Based on the structural design, perform a simulation assuming an earthquake on a computer. The simulation can be performed by inputting necessary data on the computer into the simulation software and executing the program (S2).

As the simulation software, for example, the conditions and coefficients of each formula used for processing the "collapse simulation program of a wooden building" described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-83813 can be applied to a steel-framed building, that is, a steel frame 11 It is possible to use simulation software optimized for the main part 1 of the skeleton having the above.

As a result, before building the residential building A1, for example, it is possible to verify how much earthquake it can withstand, so in some cases, structural design should be made so that a stronger residential building can be built. It will be possible to construct a residential building that is closer to the owner's wishes, such as starting over.

The simulation software is not limited to the above software, and if it is possible to perform a simulation assuming an earthquake of the foundation portion 10 and the skeleton main portion 1 having the steel frame skeleton 11 on a computer at the stage before construction, Other simulation software can also be adopted.

(1-3) If the simulation result is not sufficient and does not meet the owner's intention, the structural design should be redone in the direction according to the intention and the simulation should be performed again.

(1-4) If the result of the simulation is good and the owner's intention is met, the construction of the residential building A1 will be started.

(1-5) The foundation portion 10 is constructed based on the above structural design. The foundation portion 10 is constructed so that the shape of the foundation reinforcing bar reinforced concrete composed of the foundation base 100, the foundation columns 101, and the underground beam 102 is calculated by structural design and becomes symmetric (S3). (See FIGS. 1 and 2 (a))

(1-6) Next, a steel skeleton 11 made of heavy steel frame is constructed on the foundation portion 10 based on the above structural design, and the skeleton main portion 1 is constructed together with the foundation portion 10. The steel frame 11 is constructed so as to be symmetric by calculating the shape of the steel frame composed of columns 111, beams 112, and beam 114 by structural design (S4). (See FIGS. 1 and 2 (b))

In this way, the main part 1 of the skeleton 1 is composed of the foundation 10 of the residential building A1 and the steel skeleton 11 by arranging (symmetry) the living part forming skeletons L1 and L2 in two places (symmetry) in a substantially symmetrical structure. Or as a residential building with outer walls 21, slabs 22, 23, finishes, etc. built into the main part 1 of the skeleton, it is advantageous to maintain a good balance of weight and strength as a whole. Is.

Further, for example, even when the steel frame 11 of the main part 1 of the skeleton is changed when renovating, the work is relatively easy because the work is often common to many parts of the skeletons L1 and L2 forming the living parts. It can be done efficiently and efficiently. Therefore, better workability can be obtained as compared with the work in which each living part forming skeleton is changed to have an irregular structure that is not symmetric.

(1-7) Then, the outer wall 21, the floor slab 22, and the roof slab 23 are provided on the main part 1 of the skeleton to construct the building 2 shown in FIG.

(1-8) Finally, by building the interior and exterior finishes in the building 2, the construction of the one-story detached house, that is, the residential building A1 which is a non-apartment house is completed (S5). (See FIGS. 6 (a) and 7)

(2) Construction of a total of two-story residential building A2 I lived in the above-mentioned residential building A1 which is a non-apartment house, and later, for example, my family increased and became two households, a parent couple, a son couple and a child. In that case, for example, it is possible to construct a total two-story residential building A2, which is a non-apartment house, by expanding it in the upward direction.

This extension is included in the future structural plan when the initial residential building A1 was constructed as described above. When constructing an extension, the rebar skeleton (not shown) on the second floor is constructed by connecting the beam and column components of the extension using the extension connection portion 113 as a clue, and the outer wall, floor slab, and roof slab are attached to the reinforced skeleton. The interior and exterior finishes are built in, and the building is expanded to build a residential building A2 (S6). (See FIGS. 6 (b), 8 (a), (b))

As shown in the sketch of FIG. 8, the residential building A2 is a residential building with a total of two floors, which is a non-apartment house, that is, a non-apartment house.

According to this, it is possible to realize a predetermined extension initially assumed by fully utilizing the strength of the main part 1 of the skeleton calculated by the structural design performed before the construction of the residential building A1. In other words, the main part 1 of the skeleton of the original residential building A1 was structurally designed on the assumption that an extension part in the upstairs direction planned in the future would be constructed, and was constructed based on the structural design. Therefore, the residential building A2, which was expanded according to the assumed structural plan, can be constructed stably, and the strength of the main part of the skeleton changed according to the design at the time of the initial structural design is sufficient. It will be a legal residential building.

(3) Construction of residential building A3 of an apartment house In addition, living in the above-mentioned residential building A2 which is a non-apartment house, for example, a son and a couple will be transferred later and will be separated with children and become only an elderly couple. In such a case, for example, the entire residential building A2 can be remodeled to construct a residential building A3 which is an apartment house or the like.

This renovation, like the residential building A2, is included in the future structural plan when the initial residential building A1 was constructed as described above. When renovating, make use of the main part of the skeleton that was changed when the residential building A2 was expanded, and if necessary, change the reinforced skeleton, and install outer walls, floor slabs, and roof slabs on the reinforced skeleton for interior and exterior. Build the finish of the house building A3 (S7). (See FIGS. 6 (c) and 9)

As shown in the sketch of FIG. 9, the residential building A3 is an apartment house having the same living area of two units on both the first and second floors.

According to this, it is possible to realize a predetermined extension initially assumed by fully utilizing the strength of the main part 1 of the skeleton calculated by the structural design performed before the construction of the residential building A1. In other words, the main part 1 of the skeleton of the original residential building A1 was structurally designed on the assumption that an extension part, etc. in the upstairs direction planned in the future would be constructed, and was constructed based on that structural design. Therefore, the residential building A3, which was expanded according to the assumed structural plan, can be constructed stably, and the strength of the main part of the skeleton changed according to the design at the time of the initial structural design is sufficient. It will be a legal residential building.

In addition, the elderly couple can live in one room of the residential building A3 and rent the other room while earning rent. In this way, by gradually expanding or remodeling a residential building as the owner's life changes, it is possible to continue or succeed as a long-term residential building while increasing the value as a real estate. ..

In the construction method according to the present invention, contrary to the above construction method, it is possible to initially construct an apartment house or the like and later remodel it into a non-apartment house such as a detached house. In other words, the owner initially lived in one room of the apartment, rented the other room to earn rent income, and later the son and his wife returned to their hometown, so the apartment house was separated and remodeled into two detached houses. It is also possible to operate such as.

Further, in the above construction method, the one-story residential building A1 was shifted to the total two-story residential building A2, but the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to shift to a residential building that is provided in a part of the building instead of the whole, and then extend it to the second floor in total, and the flow of extension or renovation can be planned as appropriate in the structural plan.

The terms and expressions used in the present specification and the claims are for explanatory purposes only and are not limited in any way. The features described in the present specification and the claims and the features thereof There is no intention to exclude terms and expressions equivalent to some, for example, the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is that the target building is not limited to a residential building but includes other buildings such as a warehouse and a store. Within, various modifications are possible.

A1 Residential building 1 Main part of skeleton 10 Main part of foundation 10 Foundation part 100 Foundation base 101 Foundation pillar 102 Underground beam 11 Steel skeleton 111 Pillar 112 Beam 113 Extension connection part 114 Small beam 115 Covering part 116 Fixed seat for beam 117 Fixing bolt / nut 118 Guide pieces L1, L2 Residential part forming skeleton L3 Common part forming skeleton 2 Building 21 Outer wall 22 Floor slab 23 Roof slab 231 Handrail wall A2 Residential building A3 Residential building

Claims (1)

The foundation part formed by connecting the middle part of the foundation base provided in parallel at two places with four underground beams provided in parallel, and the foundation part.
A steel frame composed of a foundation column provided at the connection part between the foundation base and the underground beam, each column connected to the upper end thereof, and a plurality of beams erected between the columns.
Two steel frame skeletons with a rigid frame structure are symmetrically formed at regular intervals to form two residential parts.
The connecting beams of the small beams erected between the pillars of the two residential parts forming skeletons closer to each other,
An extension connection part in which the upper ends of the columns of the steel frame skeleton that make up the two residential parts forming skeletons are projected upward by a predetermined height from the beams that support the roof slab.
A residential building consisting of.

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