NL1043999B1 - Aluminium frame building, build element and method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a Constructive element such as girder, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, the hollow cross 5 section to one of its Bides being provided with a U-shaped profiling, the side walls of the U shaped element extending in parallel and square to the side in which the U-shaped element is included, the U-shaped element partly extending inwards of the constructive element. In the element the U-shaped element extends up to around half way the height of the element, i.e. as taken in the longitudinal direction of a side wall of the U-shaped 10 element. The base part of the U-shape element may be included at the inner side of the constructive element, and the element formed in aluminium, e.g. as an extruded element. 1043999

Description

ALUMINIUM FRAME BUILDING, BUILD ELEMENT AND METHOD THEREFOR [oooi] The present invention relates to large buildings erected by means of an aluminum stands and girders framework, structural elements such as girders for the same and method of building in aluminum, The type of buildings the present invention relates to comprises multilayer parking garages and/or office and domestic structures, capable of supporting considerable weight in a long lasting safe, and sufficiently fire withstanding manner, yet enabling the application of aluminum material as at least part of the building.

[0002] Such type of large structures are known in other material such as wood, concrete and ton or steel, e.g. from the 2009 publication in Technisch Weekblad Tijdelijke parkeergarage bidet de oplossing’ (Temporary parking garage provides the solution), in which a demountable parking building is proposed, using a construction frame in steel clements and light weight parking floor parts m glass fiber composite. However, the Is material aluminum up to date, for as far in connection with building, is mostly applied in the form of so called profiles, e.g. in the form of window or door frames, When i comes to real building, aluminum building elements are known for relatively small, ie. often single layer buildings such as in horticulture or in event podiums or stands. Girders in such buildings are in the form of profiles, hollow tubes or at best in the form of built up trusses. [00031 In cases where heavy loads ave carried by aluminum structures, these typically are of dedicated such as military nature, rather than as a desired economie basic building element such as girder or stand. Hence the known aluminum building elements are incapable, certainly not typically suited or desired for use in large structures such as mmitilayer dwelling blocks, office buildings and garages. Yet the alominum material not only has the value of being light weight, but also of being entirely and relatively easily re- useable as is in these day highly desired for realizing a circular economy.

[0004] Inthe present invention hence, a fundamental inprovement is made in the practice of constructing buildings, whether temporary or permanently or semi permanently, by providing one or more of newly developed designs for construction element designs including for realizing at least part of a framework for a building in alumiman material, and a building method suitable for applying this material,

“Ze [000s] One such new clement or method developed in view of realizing the goal ofthe present invention relates to a cconstructive element such as girder in ahuninum, in particular a transverse girder, the element provided in an elongated hollow and rectangular profiling as taken in cross section, and produced by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section, central to one of its faces provided with a U-shaped profiling, the legs of which oriented in parallel to walls of the profile as taken in cross section, extending over at least a substantial part of the length of the girder, and provided ina height of at least a quarter of that of one of the parallel walls, With such a constructive element, the height of a transverse girder may favourably remain relatively shallow, 19 while the extruded profile still provides the required strength, in conjunction with farther functionality such as a forming stop {or flooring plates and a carrier for a drain as in accordance with a further elaboration and aspect of this invention. The legs ina favourable embodiment may extend over a height at least substantially matching the height of a parallel oriented wall or face of the girder. It may in the preceding respect be remarked that the height of the element is favourably smaller than the width of the element, 0006] The width of the U shaped profiling in a first embodiment takes up less than ons third of the width of the element, allowing for a considerable upper surface width for supporting a floor eletnent. The width of the U-shaped profiling may in further elaboration, be about half the height of the element, and the U-shaped element partly extends inwards of the constructive element. In particular, in this respect the base part of the U-shape element is included at the inner side of the constructive clement,

[0007] The height of the U-shaped profiling part of a traverse or transverse girder may normally, Le. preferably bs at least be substantially about the height of a parallel oriented girder face or greater. The element may further be adapted for application in a building such as a parking, in particular as a so called traverse, i.e, in between two main girders. It may be adapted, at least be intended for having or otherwise receiving an insert in the form of a drain, e.g. for draining water received from a parking floor. Such insert may by an overhanging edge, be supported by the upper ends of the U-shaped element,

[0008] The invention hence also encompasses a building provided with an element as defined in the preceding. In such application, the element wall having the U-shaped element is preferably included with said wall or side as the upper side of the clement. In

“3 such building part of the upper wall of the element at at least one side of the U-shaped element may be utilised for supporting a floor element such as a parking deck or part of a dwelling cubicle. Also the upper face of the element, at one side of the U-shaped element may support a fencing means for the building, the fencing means bolted to the element. The element may be provided with a bore opening for passing a drain pipe, e.g.

connected to an insert in the U-shaped element. 0009] In a such building or element the U-shaped element may further be provided with a drain forming insert, with the insert via laterally extending edge parts being supported by the upper end of the side walls of the U-shaped element, In all cases the clement is an aluminium element, connected to a main girder or column via a U-shaped support, in particular by bolting, the U-shaped support connected to the main girders or columns via a flange of the U-shaped element. In particular, the element may in such building be supported by the U-shaped support via an in between included synthetic material part such as synthetic rubber or PEEK.

[0010] The construction system according to the invention herewith includes as outcome a durable and flexible modular construction work such as a parking garage, with which an above-ground building as for mobile or permanent living, shop and/or offices complex, may be realised, Le. erected, with or without or entirely as parking garage, quickly and with little inconvenience to the surroundings.

[6011] A building according to the invention may at a later stage, simply and with relatively little cost be taken down, deleted, moved, modified, or fitted into a permanent situation on location or elsewhere,

[0012] Atleast if implemented as parking garage Parking, actually as a Modular Parking Concept (MPC) a building according to the invention is at this time a, if not the most futurc-proof, durable and most economical solution, Because of the inherently representative design and low-maintenance construction, the concept is also well suited as 8 permanent parking facility, which will be with low running, Le, exploitation costs, [e013] A building according to the invention is, partly to increase the commercial feasibility, may also be used in combination with other features, such as conunercial spaces in the form of shops, offices, bicycle parking and other social facilities, e.g. on the ground floor, Also storages and/or selfstorage may be integrated, c.g. as in a middle le floor. A building on the basis of the present invention may typically also be equipped with leisure, sports and/or green facilities, in particular applied to the roof level.

[0014] A building on the basis of the present invention is also well suited for having finished the facades in various forms of architectural appearance, allowing an optimal whan integration could be achieved, and may also easily be used for advertising Purposes. 0015] Ina favourable implementation a building according to the invention is based on a concept for a system garage for demountable, preferably but not necessarily coated aluminium components such as columns and main carriers, equipped with again, preferably coated aluminium floors. These are typically provided in a standard master of

16.20 metres x 5.40 m. The building according to the invention is further characterised in that at least the structural components and hence also the floor elements completely reusable "cradle-to-cradle" aluminium system components. The components ate preferably finished with a sustainable, environmentally friendly, low-maintenance and fire-retardant coating, well-known in itself, however up to now only, yst already for decades, applied the offshore. With a layer thickness of 2 mun or less, such costing guarantees a five retardancy of the entire main supporting structure of at least 60 minutes. foois} The system components are nutually coupled by so-called "click-and-plag" connections, and irimmed/imposed with rubber system profiles. W&E transit facilities may be integrated in the hollow spaces of the columns.

[0017] The headroom in the framework, hence also at application as a garage provides below the main joints, i.e. main girders, 2.60 mw and below the in between floor construction ca. 3.10 m. The hollow alumimium floorboards are typically 0.15 em high and are typically provided in cartridges of 2.00 x 5.00 m according to a "click" floor commection system. They are preferably, e.g. by way of finishing, mutually fixed by means of aluminium welding, seam welding in particular, In a parking dedicated part of the building the standard subjects or parking lots ave typically of an area of 2.50 by 5.15 m. The traffic lanes in the concept gecording to the invention preferably have one-way traffic between the parking bays,

[0018] The coating of the main supporting structure is available in multiple colours, as well as the rough coating of the parking floors, making the experience of the car park up

-5- to the expectations of the contemporary user, the operator, the owner and the surrounding area.

[0019] This protective coating is very durable, with a warranty for a period of 10 years, and therewith takes it, compared to the average coating with the same purpose in existing parking garages, to relatively much lower ammal operating costs.

[00207 The framework of the building consists of light weight, smartly prefabricated and "40-foot"containerproot ” transportable system components, allowing fast realisation with less associated noise pollution, The result is a sustainable and high-quality parking garage which later, if necessary, is easy to increase, reduce, {o move or remove.

[0021 The basic concept of a building in accordance with the present invention, that is to say, without additional reinforcements or bracing, provides for a standard parking of up to at least 4 parking levels in a simplified, first extrusion parts only embodiment, Le. without ¢.g. cast aluminium intermediate elements, and considerably higher in a further claboration of the invention involving cast aluminium intermediate elements, Certainly with reinforcement braces in the facades the garage may simply be adjusted to any height. Incidentally, also the span of a main joist, aliernatively denoted girder according to the invention, or the load capacity thereof may relatively easily be increased using further ragasures in accordance with the invention, 19 particular by means of appropriate internal, as hollow profile executed elements.

{0022} The parking lots “on the roof, ie. on the top deck, may separately be provided with a roof awning, In their combination with solar panels, the garage may completely provide in its own energy needs.

[0023] The relatively very light weight of a building according to the invention in relation to buildings in steel or concrete, up to 45 kg/m? per parking layer in the case of an application, cause a heavy foundation construction to be unnecessary in most cases. Also, the use of a heavy crane during the construction phase, the heaviest construction component weighs approximately 900 kg, is in a building and at a process for building according to the invention is not needed. On top of that, a fully equipped high quality parking garage may, with the inventive measures as described, be attained in a relatively short time. One which additionally may be disassembled or relocated quickly.

[0024] The flexibility and robustness of the construction elements according to the invention enables virtually esch layout imaginable, and makes extension simple, both in wo height, length and width, In case of a garage application, the ramps are free adaptable, mside or outside, and are standard equipped with a stiff row, Le. driving or upper coat. As an option a heating system is provided in the ramps. This construction and roannet constructing according to the invention furthermore is also good for embankment, ie. topping up of existing parking garages or buildings.

[0025] The present invention hence in fact enables in this way that necessary parking capacity is always available at any time and optimized within the spatial possibilities, also as the need changes the future times. Also, investments with a building or constraction according to the invention are consequently efficiently deployed and utilized.

[0026] Hence, with the present invention, to investors bet on a building according to the vention is a bet on security. This is not least instance due to the in time increasing residual value of the aluminiom construction materials. Also, operators of the present invention are at a reduced risk because the parking, at least user capacity can be phased out, generally aligned with the required capacity, so that revenues and costs may be proportioned m tine with each other.

[0027] A building according to the invention, at least an application thereof as parking garage meets all contemporary requirements imposed by laws and regulations, as well as the applicable design requirements. Thus, the construction is resistant to a maximum wind load of 0.5 kN/m2, as is internationally put as a standard to buildings of a maximum height of 10.00 m, Starting point is "natural ventilation” in the parking garage, which means, that of the two facing facades on the long side of a garage of the invention are at least 30% “open”,

[0028] The default sizing of the Parking Bay classification is based on standards of the European Parking Association EPA and more particularly on the Dutch standard NEN 2443, revised version 2012, which goes beyond the generic quality of built parking facilities at European level.

[0029] The new parking garage is as standard equipped with aluminium staircases, in a raster of 5.50 x 5.00 m, The stairs are equipped with intermediate landings per level. The steps of the stairs are standard anti slip, In a preferred design the maximum walking distance to a stairwell from any point in the garage for safety reasons, nowhere more so than 30 m.

Tn

[0030] A parking garage or ~ part of a building according to the invention includes an identifier in the form of a line marking of the parking bays, on top of the rough coating on the parking floors. On the upper level light post are provided, as well as energy-efficient lighting at each level. The light level on average is 75 lux on the car floor, 200 lux at the 5S entrances and exits and stairwells and on average 10 lux at the upper deck, measured on

1.00 m above the ground level, therefore meets the General lighting in Europs-wide requirements for parking garages.

[0031] The edges of a building according to the invention, whether or vot excecuted as with parking garage, can feature a fall prevention in the form of a 0,95 m high, secure, ID and anodized aluminium two barrier work, whether or not in colour, and on the ramp for a parking deck is an edge protection.

[0032] An important advantage of a building according to the invention is that the material ahuninium may now be applied. Aluminium can be reused, making it a durable construction material, and in economic terms has the advantage of being a residual value iS of meaning, This may after long-term use even exceed the original investment value. In the recent decade, the value of aluminium as raw material has risen quite consistent by approximately 10%. With regard to sustainability and economic efficiency, at least running costs it also applies that the coating that is used on the parking floors is highly abrasion resistant, so needs replacement of just once every 19 years, and even then only partly, indicatively about 25% needs to be replaced.

[0033] In an preferred embodiment such floor plate is furthermore coated with a finishing coating, protecting said ntumescent layer during use of the floor plate, thus securing its proper, in particular well distributed function when needed. In a further elaboration of such embodiment, said layer is composed of an elastic synthetic material, 23 allowing e.g. stretch thereof in case of dimensional change of the floor plate due to change in environmental temperature. The coating is in yet a further elaboration provided with a five retardant material. At the same time it is embodied as an anti-slip coating, In particular by providing superficial roughness, more in particular to an extend that peeping sound of car tires, as may be encountered in many sleckly coated garage floors, is 309 obviated.

Em 10034] The invention, aspects thereof and certain embodiments are by way of example illustrated in the drawings enlisted with brief description here below, and in which:

[0035] FIG. 1 provides a figurative comparison between building in Aluotnum as enabled by the present invention "weighed" to building in steel or conerste; S [0036] FIG, 2A is a perspective exploded view of a module by which a building according to the invention, in this case with application as a parking garage may al any time and at wish be extended, while FIG. 2B illustrates the effect in case of parking garage application.

[00377 FIG. 3 is a schematic, perspective view of a building as may be erected in accordance with the present invention, useable for domestic purposes, cg, in the first layer here left open for insertion of cubical dwelling parts, and/or as a parking, €.8. 48 represented by the second layer;

[0038] FIG. 4, in a schematic compilation and according to a first embodiment, represents a side elevation of an alaminun building element according to the mvention, a cross section thereof as well as a particular manner in which it may be applied in a construction, perspective views illustrating aspects of its connection into a so called square clement, one part of which may be applied as cohunn;

[9039] FIG. 3A and SB illustrate an akumnom building element in accordance with the invention, embodied for specific application as a column, formed by extrusion, in which the outer sides are made relatively thick; In figore SA the element is represented in connection with a re-enforcing single chamber profile in shuninum, whereas in figure in SB, two extruded building elements are combined in column s0 as to form a single building element, stronger than may be provided directly by extrusion, and as may typically be applied in a centre post, te. in between side edges of the building;

[0040] FIG. 6, in line with the representation of FIG. $ provides a further embodiment of an extraded element which is set into a larger building element, in particular larger than can be extruded, equally by mutually interconnecting connecting oppositely positioned, Le. mirrored extruded parts, in this example by welding; [Dodi] FIGTA and 7B provide in exploded perspective view and in side elevation respectively a manner of applying the invention and embodiment of FIG. 6, in a manner and with elements inventive m itself

9. foo42] FIG, & illostrates the principle representation of FIG. 6 in accordance with an elaborated embodiment; 0043} FIG. 9 in a 90 degrees rotation, in side elevation illustrates the lower section of a colunm in accordance with the second embodiment;

[0044] FIG. IOA represented in a 90 degrees rotation is a longitudinal section of a main girder, while FIG. 10B provides a iransverse cross section thereof]

[0045] FIG, 11 provides a perspective view of application possibilities of an element according to the invention, in this case along the embodiment of FIG.4 in which column parts may be shaped in the form of squares, however with equal validity of use in the embodiment according to FIG. 7 in which girders vest on a console of the column; in both embodiments girder parts may according to this invention be interconnected by way of an elongated, fitting inner clement part; and a so called traverse element extending fransverse to a column part, e.g. in between two squares, is applied; 0046) FIG. 12 represents a specific embodiment of the element of FIG. 11 ina cross sectional view, in particular is a sectional view of part of a building and an clement according to FIG, 11;

[0047] FIG. 13A illustrating the same of FIG. 11 in a so called exploded, perspective view from a different angle, in an application with floor panels, and a water discharge gutter such as in a gavage application; and FIG. 13B illustrates figure 13A in assembled A state;

[0048] FIG. 14A in exploded and perspective view illustrates application of an element according to the invention in a buildings corner situation, in particular of a garage or platform application, and provides an example of application of a re~enforcing element at a length exceeding that of the relevant part of a square;

[0949] FIGURE 14B, in perspective view illustrates application of an element in integrated form in a building at an edge part thereof; [00501 FIG. 14C is a vertical section at an edge situation of a building, additionally showing inclusion of a railing, e.g. as in FIG. 144A; [oosi] FIG. 1413 represents the cross section of a further embodiment of the traverse girder design, e.g. as in FIG. 14C, according to the invention;

[0052] FIG 15A isa side elevation of the garage according to the present example;

-10- [00331 FIG. 158 is, in a perspective and schematic representation, an example of a building in accordance with the invention, which is party used for office and/or dwelling purposes, and partly for packing purposes; [o0s4] FIG, SC in a perspective view illustrates the relative light weight of a floating building in accordance to the invention by way of inclusion there on a pontoon, here anchored in an urban environment to provide parking spaces, the upper deck provided with terraces and restanrant;

[0055] FIG. 186A and 168 in slightly different views provide an example in the form of a vertical section of an element and building according to the invention transverse to a 19 traverse of FIGs 14C and 14D as extending between two squares, with floor plates resting on edges of the girder, aside to the U-shaped profiling, which combines girder reinforcement with receiving a gutter element, in this example for draining water; [00s6] FIG, 17A and FIG, 17B provide examples of light systems devise for the garage according to the Invention;

[0057] By way of further description of the drawings, exemplifying a typical context of the present invention, a principle and relatively simple manner of enabling the application of aluminum in utilitarian or at least relatively large and height carrying constructive building applications will now be elucidated.

[0058] Firstly, by FIG. 1, a figurative illustration is provided of ene particular advantage of aluminum as a building material over other material like concrete, The drawing illustrates by way of a balance that in fact with less building material by weight, considerably more, typically double the number of cars may be accommodated in a building out of aluminum. Where this fact per se had naturally been known since the beginning of contemporary industry, certainly since the beginning of industrial application of aluminum, no solution has been available to allow full application of aluminum in the construction of buildings larger and more versatile and loadable than greenhouse buildings, As the figure illastrates to it's left side in concrete and to it's right side in ahuninum, the present invention rather allows the erection of multi-level, Le.

multistory buildings, i.e. with at least one multipurpose useable upper floor. Various typical applications may be enabled by the present invention;

~1i-

[0059] FIG 2A and 2B provide a basic scheme of a possible manner of constructing in accordance with the present invention. Building 1 in figure 2A is erected with aluminum column sections 2, with main girders 3, jointly forming an arc as it were, the girders connected directly to a column or via intermediate, alternatively denoted extending girder pieces 5. Columns are transversely, over shorter distance mutually also connected via a traverse or traverse girder 4, A floor is created by means of floor slabs or floor panels 6, which are supported by two main girders 3. The panels are of relatively limited width and may lock onto one another, comparable to mutual clicking of domestic floor panels. In the present case the panels are formed as extmded aluminum panels and may additionally welded to one another, it being recognized that welding over a scam may be performed relatively easily by automatically progressing welding apparatuses.

[0060] In a plane in line with the orientation of a traverse 4, re-entorzement braces 7 may optionally be included, as in this case cross wise between two colnmns, Depending on embodiments of the present invention support elements & may be present for laying up and shoring a main girder 3, be it tn single piece or with an extension part 3 thereof. Being identical in shape the term girder 3 and extension part 5 are denominated and used interchangeably. Alternatively, the invention may be erobodied with columns shaped ina square element 12 as depicted in figure 2B, ie. with a main girder part 5 affixed, le, pre- connected to and forming a whole with a cour 2.

[0061] Figure 2B father illustrates that over the length of a floor plate, typically two parking lots may be created, and that over the length of an extended girder two parking bays may be created with an in between or central, in principle one way lane 10. Figures 2A and 2B further illustrate that such alumingm building units may be extended in any one of sideways, longitudinal and vertical, at least upward duection,

[0082] Figure 3 provides a schematic example of the latter, in which the building is extended in all of the pre-mentioned, alternatively denoted X, Y and Z directions. The drawing conceptually demonstrates that the main girders are mutually interconnected by means of a so called cassette system, m which a so-called cassette part 11 is fittingly mserted into end parts of the main givder and it's extension part respectively, Figure 3 also conceptually illustrates in the column at the right hand side, that girders 2 are set opposed to each other and mutually interconnected, so as to increase the stiffness and

12e strength thereof to values beyond what may be expected by mere addition of the relevant values of two columns.

[0063] Figure 4, in a schematic compilation represents a side elevation of an aluminum building element according to one embodiment of the invention in which the columns are fabricated into square shaped constructive parts 12. Figure 4 further shows a cross section of the girder part of such square, as well as a particular manner in which it may be applied in a construction, perspective views llustrating aspects of its connection into a se called square clement, one part of which may be applied as column, The girder part 3 depicted is an extruded aluminum profile with at least one, however preferably two, side walls connecting internal walls 5B and 5C, preferably in parallel with upper girder wall SA and lower girder wall 5D, In a preferably middle open section of such girder, a further internal, preferably also hollow aluminum profile and sub-girder part may be inserted for connecting two main girder parts. Such internal girder part may be bolted or otherwise affixed to cach of the two connected main girder parts, in figure 2A depicted as parts § and 3. An upper hollow section of the girder according to the invention may be used to bolt constructive building parts such as fences,

[0064] Figure 4 in fact also illustrates a further means, in fact clement for a novel method of constructing a building, in which a part of a girder according to the invention is connected in square relationship to another girder part which then forms a cohomn. Two of such square building elements, in combination with a girder to be comected m between using the mentioned internal and connecting element may form an ave. Two of such arcs, with in between so called traverse girders 4 or traverses may form as it were a table element, or basic building block.

[0065] Two of the columns according to the invention may be included and connected 28 in “back to back” to form as it were a T shaped constructive or building part as depicted in figure 4, The square element parts 12 are provided in a measure by which they may be transported within a standard shipping container. The concept according to the invention allows for largely off site preparation of the building elements, including coating thereof. Thus a very constant and secure quality may be secured while work at site may be clean and of relatively very short duration. j0066] The drawing shows that while the sidewalls of a girder 5, in fact lugs SL thereof extend to the rear side 2L of colunm part of a square element 12, and ends in line

~13- therewith, The lower, i.e. inner corner wall SD of a girder ends at the front, i.e. inner corner side of a square element 12. The one or two inner walls SB and SC of a girder extend up to an imaginary line between the inner corner line or wall connection between girder 5 and an upper column part 2 of a square element 12, [00671 The let hand side perspective schematic drawing of figure 4, illustrates that that one of the two square clement 12 parts, preferably as depicted the column 2 forming girder, ends with a straight, Le. square cut, so that the lower end of the side walls 51, of the other girder may support on and be welded to the same, Welding may with such a construction be performed both at the outside and the inside, all around, The open end of the one girder “laid” as it were on or else against the other one, in this example on the colon 2 forming part, is in accordance with further measure according to the invention closed of with a matching ahuninom plate 2L of corresponding element wall thickness, and welded at all four sides thereof, so that it forms a further connection between the two square element parts, Le. givder parts, as well as a re-enforcement between the two parts.

[oosg] As indicated by the right hand perspective view, a further —reinforcement may be and is preferably provided by a further plate SN, extending diagonal between the inner and the outer corner of the connection between the two side walls of the one girder of which the side walls, together with the upper wall, extend over the other, in this example column forming square element part. This diagonal, inner reinforcement plate SN is 29 equally welded all around. Aliernatively such reinforcement plate may be provided externally between the inner corner walls of the two square element parts. In this case additional, triangular side skirts or wall parts will be welded along, in alignment with the side walls of the two connected girder parts. Such external reinforcement may strmultaneously be provided with one or more light openings or windows.

[0089] The central part of figure 4, depicts two square elements 12 in side elevation, connected back to back, with at the top side in striped ling, the level at which floor elements may reach in height when positioned upon the girder parts of two squares. Centered at the top side of the two squares 12 a cross section is depicted of a U-shaped support element 41, connected to the squares 12 vis flanges, here bolted to the respective side walls of the two square elements 12. Such support element supports a so called traverse 4, Le. transverse girder 4, connecting two ares 2; 12 ~ 5 ~ 2; 12 as for making a

„14e component for a building block. To the right hand opper side of figure 4, a cross section of a girder in accordance with the invention is schematically provided.

[0070] The central part of figure 4 furthermore conceptually demonstrates that a column part, Le, colunm forming part of a square is at its end, Le, foot provided with a foot part in the form ofa flange 12F, to be used for bolted connection to a column base plate or else foundation part. In the present depiction # is used for connection of the column for a second layer to the upper side wall of a square on top of which it is to be placed, and preferably also to a flange part of a traverse support.

[0071] FIG. 2 conceptoally and in perspective view provides an elucidation of the type of building, at least the Framework therefore as may be erected in accordance with the novel aluminum building elements in accordance with the present invention, and as described in the preceding along figure 1. Such a novel type of building or framework is useable for various purposes, such as domestic purposes, e.g. in the first layer here left open for insertion of cubical dwelling parts, and/or as a parking, e.g. as represented by the 13 second layer, which is provided with a floor of aluminum floor elements formed by so called cassette plates that are welded together after having been laid down between the girders of a building module. Such plates may come in a width of 2 m and favorably in view of parking garage application at a length of 5.4 m, In an advantageous embodiment for the same purpose, 3 building module comes at a length of 16 m so that 8 elements way be laid side by side. Especially in case of a parking application, the floor plates 6, however equally inserted dwelling cubicles have a rubber or synthetic insert so as to prevent propagation of and dampen contact sounds.

[0072] FIG. 3 illustrates an aluminum building element, further in accordance with the invention, in which a girder according to the invention is adapted for specific application asa column Tn such application the outer transverse walls or sides 15A and profiled outer transverse wall 158, at least compared to any internal reinforcement transverse walls 15C between two side walls 14, may be made relatively thick, In figure 5A the element is represented in connection with a re-enforcing single chamber profile 16 in aluminum such as may typically be applied at outer sides of a building to be erected, tLe. when “back to back” inclusion of two square elements 2A is not possible, Rather than the example provided, the width, 1e. depth of the single chamber profile 16 may correspond

“15 to the form and depth of the column part at the opposite facing side of the column 2A as taken m this cross section.

[0073] In such column, either dedicated or as cokumn forming girders, a side wall may be provided with door parts 14A for servicing of electric and other leads that may be accommodated in the column 2. In this example merely a circular drain is schematically depicted by a fitting circle, leaving room for cabling and the like. Also depicted are screws, representing the removable included door in a side wall of the column or column girder, Preferably, the inner section of the column is provided with a further internal wall in parallel with a side wall.

(e074) In figure in SB, two of the building elements ZA are combined in cohaon as may typically be applied in a centre post, Le, in between side edges of the building. They are interconnected by bolts 18, one of which is depicted. As depicted, the back sides are preferably provided with a profile 13A for receiving a strip element 17 partly extending in a corresponding profile of the connected element 2A; 16, for instance provided ina synthetic material. Such profiling and strip amongst others prevents mutual shifting of the elements. As depicted in FIG. SB the column may equally be reinforced by a fitting hollow profiled insert, provided in the same material as the colamn.

[0075] FIG. &, in line with the representation of FIG, § provides the principle ofa further exobodiment 2B of an extruded construction elernent according to the present invention, which is to be set, Le. used into a larger building clement such as a column, The extraded elements 2A and 2B may however in principle equally be used as a girder. The present invention does however, also proposes extruded elements in aluminum, specifically, ie. purposely designed for use as a girder, be it a main girder or girder part 3 and 5, or a smaller girder, such as a traverse girder 4. As in Figure 5B, the present embodiment, as is here depicted, is designed to applied with sections of the element connected over a longitudinal side thereof forming a so called composed column as it were, Le. composed of two separately extruded girder or column, at least hollow profile sections. In this way larger, in particular stronger elements, here in particular columns may then relatively easily be made than can commonly be extruded. As in the preceding embodiment, this is here equally performed by mutually connecting oppositely positioned, ie, mirrored extruded parts using specifically thereto designed faces, In this example the connection face is provided with protrusions 138 design for mutual

16m connection. While, a cover or interconnecting plate may be used in conjunction with connection members, welding is her proposed. Equally to the embodiment of Fig. 5, a side face 14 of the girder or colanm 2, as taken in cross section, may be provided with a smaller or larger transitional part 14D divectionally deviating from the lateral plane in S transition a transverse wall 28 of the element 2B. Transverse walls 2T and 25 here compare to transverse wall ISA and 158 respectively in the embodiment of Fig. SB. Considering that the column section 2B will mostly be applied connected to another section, as here depicted, the transverse wall 25 at the intended connection side, ie, with profiles 13B may be produced in a ower thicknes, e.g. up to around 50% of the thickest lateral wall 2T. In case the element 2B is used as is, Le. in singular form, e.g. at outer sides of 8 building, a re-enforcement element, preferably in hollow form may be attached to this side of the element 28.

[0076] Finally this embodiment 2B is provided with one face having the side faces extending well beyond a transverse wall 2T, such that an open chamber, at least recess as it were is formed, which may be used to accommodate cables and drains. The space may be covered is so desired. In this case a lid 19 is proposed, shaped in a manner to effectively enlarge the volume of covered space, A further elaboration of this embodiment and concept design is discussed along Figure 8,

[0077] FIG. 7A provide in exploded perspective view and in side elevation respectively a manner of applying the invention and concept of FIG. 6, in a manner and with elements inventive in itself, while FIG. 7B provides a side elevation of the assembly of the elements of FIG. 7A; In this respect, while the along FIG. 4 pre-describe manner construction may equally well be applied using the embodiment of column ZE, an alternative manner of supporting a girder is here provided. A column is here shown to support a girder part § using a bracket pan 8B, attached, here welded to an end face of a colanm 2, i.e. whether type 2B or ZA, for receiving a support of console 8 for supporting girder part $ by way of a large support surface area. To this end the support 8 is produced as a hollow profile which may be open at its upper side, where i is designed to contact a girder end part, preferably attached, more preferably by welding. The bracket 8B may consist of two side walls, positioned preferably in line with a lateral wall of the column 2, and extending the latter somewhat as it were, be it by a width no more than the width of a lateral wall of a column, the side wall at their ends facing away from the colunm

-17- connected by an in between transverse plate, or wall as it were. The transverse bracket wall is preferably centrally, preferably provided with a recess 8R for receiving a notch SN applied to the bottom face of the support 8, so as to facilitate and speed up normally centered, at least proper positioning of a support 8 on a bracket 8B, whether in factory or $ on building site. In this respect a support is preferably first attached to the bottom side of an end part of a girder § or girder section 3. A girder end part § is in this design provided with an extended upper girder wall part SM, which is attached to the end face of a column 2 and, where a girder is also to be provided to the other side of the colamn to 3 similarly extended upper girder wall part SM of the girder section on the other side of the column 2 or 2B as here depicted. A reinforcing column cap 22 may be provided, in the form of a hat or cap comprising at least a top plate with circumferential dimensions matching that of the colanm 2, Le. ether ZA or 2B, here depicted in the so-called back-to back connected form, at least a form with the lateral sides considerably larger than the transverse sides. The plate part of cap 22 is hence oriented transverse fo the column axis.

The cap 22 is attached to the end part, here the end face of a column 2, in this case by welding. The cap 22 is preferably provided with lateral side fees extending downwards from the plate, positioned in line and to be connected with the lateral wall ends ofa column 2. Equally the cap 22 may be provided with transverse faces in between its lateral wall, positioned in line with lateral walls of the column 2. A cap 2 provides both a reinforcement of a column 2 as well as an improved basis for supporting and connecting, in the field typically by bolting of a pole part i.e. Tower end of a further column section 2 on top of the depicted, girder supporting column section.

[0978] In further elaboration, the here depicted column embodiment 2B may be provided with a cot out end part 21, which is in this example pre-fabricated as a separate section and welded in line to a colonm section. The end section 21 is provided with an opening 23, which may be used for access to bolt or nuts for attaching a further colunm to the girder end section 5M and/or any on top of a column applied cap 22. The opening 23 is created by cutting away an end section of a lateral wall 14, i.e, in between the transverse walls 2T and 28. Ideally, in the cut-out alse and end section of the centrally postiioned transverse wall 28 is cut-out. More ideally, at the end of the thus shaped column section, a largely similar width of transverse wall is present at each side of the thicker, at least outer transverse walt 27.

~18- [00791 According to yet farther elaboration, a column 2B may comprise an intermediate part 20 largely comparable to the cap 22, however also comprising upward facing lateral and transverse wall parts.

Equally to that of the top cap, the plate is of a square dimension matching the cireumference of the composed column 28. The S intermediate part 20 at least this lower one of these three upper column sections is preferably provided in cast aluminam or else a high grade quality of aluminum compared to the remainder of the column aluminum material, With proper positioning within a cohimn 28, an intermediate column element, in particular the plate part thereof may take up bending forces from a givder § via a support 8. A support § thereto comprises a lower wall section which in normal application may be oriented transverse to a column axis, and which may, as depicted in FIG. 7B, be incloded in line with the transverse plate of intermediate colanm part 20. [60801 Application of one or both of the transverse plate consisting intermediate column part 20 and the column cap part 22, enables to erect either temporary, semi-permanent and permanent aluminum buildings including parking spaces or garages in heights of over four stories buildings.

Even very high level buildings can be erected in case both intermediary part 20 and cap part 22 are applied. with even as is specifically provided in case relatively high buildings, i.e. high columns are to be erected, typically more than a number, ie. more than four stories high are to be put one on top of the other.

Yet,

buildings may also be erected without such specific, relatively expensive part 20. e.g. in a mamer of the pre-described embodiment, [00817 As may be further taken from the side elevation and assembled representation of FIG. 78, a bracket 8B is included partly extending beyond a lower column section, at least over a distance matching the depth of recess BR, preferably to larger extend, at least twice the depth of recess &R, so as to allow for a fair amount of body, available for attachment to the intermediate 20, normally by welding, Brackets 88 may come pre- fabricated with, Le. welded or firmly connected otherwise to a lower column section 28, whether in composed form or in a form as extruded.

FIG. 78 further indicates 2 second column section 2B mounted on top of a lower column section 28, in this case embodied with pre/described end parts 20, 21, and 22, covered with extensions SN of the upper wall of two girder sections 5 included on opposite sides of the lower column 2B.

The depicted lower end of a column section is provided with an end plate, in the form of base plate 23,

„192 which in this embodiment may be formed without externally stretching flange part for reason that nuts and bolts may be acconunodated and accessed within the perimeters of a column. A lower section of a column to that end comprises access ports 24 in the form of cut outs from a lower end of 8 lateral wall of an extruded column part, In this respect FIG. 9 shows a closer detail of such a lower column end, with port holes 24, and a bottom end or support plate 25, as it were an inwardly extending flange, provided with bore holes 2M for passing fastener bolts. Figure 9 once more shows a composed column to be composed of two welded together, extruded girders, at least hollow profiles, with relatively thin transverse walls 28 near a connected side of an extruded profile, compared 19 the relatively thicker transverse walls 27, at least almost matching the thickness of support plate 25 and that of lateral walls 14 of an extruded profile, as may be taken from the column cross section in FIG. 8. The latter figure, in further elaboration shows the protrusions 13B from a transverse wall here to be formed by way of extensions from the lateral walls 14, The protrusions 13B are formed as were they rejuvenated extensions thereof, in this embodiment by way of a rejuvenation at the outer side of the lateral wall projection, hers showing a short transition starting right beyond the external face projection of transverse wall 28 and showing a rejuvenation of at least 50% compared to a lateral wall thickness. In a particular erabodiment, one of the protrusions 13B is provided with a small clongation, bent inwards, so as to stretch along the nner wall of any oppositely to be connected extrusion profile. Such extension, in a composed column naturally is present at both lateral faces, and may serve as a material support in case of welding together of the protrusions, which protrusions thereto are provided with a beveled part, e.g. end part, forming a V-shaped welding groove with an oppositely composed profile.

2% [0082] FIG. 10A and 10B provide a cross sectional and a longitudinal section view of an ahominum construction element, here in the form of a main girder 5, in principle also useable gs a stand or column, Constructive element § may be used both as girder for which tt 1s primarily designed and as a stand in aluminum material The element S is provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, e.g. as in FIG. IOA, in particular favourably produced by way of extrusion, in which the hollow cross section is provided with at least one inner wall part 5B, SC, freely extending between the two lateral walls of the element, ie. connected to a lateral or side wall but not otherwise supported or connected.

The construction element is rectangular shaped as taken in cross section.

The longer sides as in cross section, here FIG, 104, form the lateral walls 26 of the element 5. The inner walls 3B and 3C extend in parallel to an upper and a lower wall SA and SD respectively of the clement §, and extend over at least substantially the full length of the element or girder 5. The distance between the inner walls SB and SU is in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 10A larger than between an inner wall part SB, 5C and the adjacent upper or lower outer wall part 3A and SD of the girder.

The distance between the inner walls SB, SC preferably is between one and a half and two and a half times, preferably at least about twice of the distance between an inner wall 3B, 5C and an outermost upper or lower wall SA, SD of the element, 0031 The upper and the lower wall SA, 313 of the element § are of a consistent relatively large thickness compared to the thickness of an imer wall SB, 5C.

The thickness of at least one outermost upper or lower wall 54, SD is twice the thickness of an inner wall 3B, 5C, The thickness of a lateral wall part or section 27 above and below 153 an inner wall SB and 5C respectively is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part.

The thickness of a lateral wall part between the inner walls 5B and 5C is smaller than an upper or lower section 27 of a lateral wall 26, At least one of an upper or lower section of a lateral wall or wall part 26 is of a larger thickness than the remainder section of the lateral wall 26. The thickness of the at least one of the upper or lower section 27 of the lateral wall is smaller than the thickness of an upper or lower wall 54, 5D of the element 5. A to be nominated upper wall 3A of the element is centrally provided with a longitudinally extending vim SR, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an mner wall 58, 5C, At least one of the upper and lower sections 27 of a lateral wall 26 is provided with a groove 27, in particular of a 235 width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an mner wall 58, 5C.

The groove 28 is incorporated at a level at least largely within the thickness, at least within the projection of the relevant upper or lower wall SA, SD, [00841 The element § is further constructed with a view of at least capable of being constructed as a longitudinally composite element in which two element parts 5 are in line imterconnected by a fitting inner clement part 11, the element 11 not shown in FIG. 10 extending in a corresponding hollow section of the element parts.

The inner element part is preferably included in between two inner wall parts 5B, 5C.

The inner element is lm provided as a hollow element in aluminium, and is fixed, preferably in a releasable manner such as by bolting, to the in line element composed element end parts, While it is intended to connect or elongate extruded girder section of maximum extrusion length, the inner element 11 in principle also be used for re-enforcement purposes, at least it may extend over at least virtually the full length of a composite element.

FIG. 11 provides a perspective view of application possibilities of an element according to the invention, including application thereof in a square 12, connection therewith of an intermediate girder picce 3 by way of an elongated, fittingly included inner element part 11, back to back connection with a second square 12, partly depicted here, yet forming a so-called T post or column section, and in conjunction with so called traverse elements 4 extending transverse to a square 12, in between two squares, in fact in between two support arcs as may be devised by an element in accordance with the invention. It also depicts a rim SR included at the upper side of a girder 3 and girder part 3, so as to allow abutment, at least positioning of an element to be supported such as a floor 6 or dwelling or other utility container or cubicle, 008s) FIG. LI represents elements of the invention as may integrated into a building or to form an ideally pre-fabricated constructive part, e.g. square or Teelerment according to the invention, with FIG. 12 being a sectional view of part of a building and an element §, each according to the invention. The new elements according to the present invention, respective of the embodiment preferred, may be favorably be integrated in & pre- fabricated square element 12 with column section 2, with a pole part of any second, at least further layer square connected to the square 12, here depicted with traverse elements 4 connected to the square 12 at cach lateral side thereof and showing part of supported floor panels 6, A pre-fabricated square 12 in practice comes with a U-shaped bracket 4U pre-mounted, so as to allow quick on-site fastening of a traverse 4. In the depicted cross section of the girder, at least one insert element 11 may be accommodated, e.g. with relatively thick lateral walls for receiving a profile in which a mut TIN may be received in a rotationally locked manner. Bolts 118 may be inserted from the lateral walls of a girder part 3, 5 in order to firmly connect an insert 11 with either ove of two, in line to be comnected girder parts. Equally this construction may be applied at either single one or multiple upper, central and lower hollow sections of the clement or girder 3, 5, so as to

“22 correspondingly enable receipt of connection bolt, or alternatively denoted for inclusion of so called frogs for receiving connection bolts, [ouse] FIG. 13A illustrating the same in a so called exploded, perspective view, in an application with floor panels, and a water discharge gutter such as typically in a gavage application, with FIG. 138 illustrating figure 13A in assembled state, FIG. 13 also depicts the shape in accordance with a further enabling aspect of the present invention of a so called traverse element 4, interconnecting each of a pair of main girders 3 or of 3 and/or 5 as normally included in an arc element, thereby in conjunction with four cohuons 2 forming 2 so called table, or building module, This in fact somewhat lighter and smaller girder 4, is also provided as 2 hollow alominum clement.

It is reinforced in a suprising and advantageous manner, by inclusion of a U-shaped profile 4R at its upper side.

The U- profile 4R is open to its upper side and may therein receive an insert Hike an open drain 4D, possibly covered by a grid.

By way of practice detail, the upper ends of each leg or side facs of drain 4D is for a small part bent square so that i may be supported by the open U-shaped profile 4R.

In one embodiment as in Fig 140, the U shape may at the inner side of the element 4 extend up to just before or just beyond half way the height of the element 4 in accordance with preference.

The larger the height of the side walls of open profile 4U, the greater the reinforcement of the hollow clement or traverse girder 4, thereby further enabling the application of aluminum in a building.

In this embodiment a largest part of a side wall of re-enforcement profile 4R may extend outside the main body of traverse 4, i.e. above the upper wall thereof, In another embodiment as in FIG, 14D, the largest part of a re-enforcement profile 4R extends inward of the main body, preferably, as depicted in FIG. 14D as a projection as it were form the outward extending side faces of the U-shaped reinforcement profile, into inner walls extending between the upper and and lower face of a traverse.

The bottom wall of a U-shaped reinforcement profile is in this embodiment as i were included at the level of the upper wall ofa traverse, all as taken in transverse view, e.g. as in FIG, 14D.

In both embodiments the side faces or walls of a U-shaped reinforcement profile are provided in a larger dimension, ie. are of greater length than the height of a side wall of a traverse 4. A yet further enabling measure, as will be explained further on, is the covering of the elements and preferably also the floors with an intumescent coating.

“23

[0087] FIG. 14A in exploded and perspective view illnstrates application of element according to the invention as discussed in the preceding, in a buildings corner situations, in particular of a garage or platform application, and provides an example of application of a re-enforcing element at a length exceeding that of the relevant part of a square. FIG. 14B, in perspective view illustrates the elements of FIG. 144 in integrated form in a building at an edge part thereof] fooss] FIG. 14C and 141) show a vertical section of embodiments of an ahuminam traverse 4 according to the present invention, with FIG, 14C showing the embodiment situated at an edge situation of a building, additionally showing inclusion of a fence or railing 29 and a parking floor 6 supported by traverse 4 and abutting an outward s extending portion of re-enforcement profile AR. thereof [00891 Figures 15 illustrate some of a multitude of type of buildings 30 that is enabled by the development of the present construction elements in shuninom in view of being able to use this material not only m small constructions, but rather as a normal construction material for any type of building, ie. inclading large and multilevel or multistory tower buildings. FIG ISA is a side elevation of a garage according fo the present invention, in this example provided with three floors, the upper one here left open, It schematically depicts 2.0. ramps, stairs and fences that are equally provided in aluminum material, FIG. 15B is, In a perspective and schematic representation, an example of a building in accordance with the invention, which is party used for office and/or dwelling purposes, and partly for parking purposes, and showing one cubicle 31, e.g. for dwelling or office use, partly slid out, after being loosened from the structure of the building, as here provided by the building elements described in the preceding and in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 15C in a perspective view illustrates the relative Hght weight of a building in accordance to the invention by way of inclusion there on a pontoon, i.e. embodied as a floating building, here anchored in an urban environment io provide parking spaces, the upper deck provided with terraces and restaurant. While large conglomerates often are centered around a river or water of some soit, the present invention facilitates renovation works by providing parking space on a floating building, as is economically and technical feasibly enabled by the use of any of the invented elements mn aluminum as here disclosed.

“24 0090] FIG. 16A and 16B ave vertical sections of an element and building according to the invention fransverse to a traverse 4 as extending between two squares, at least between two colunms 2, and additionally shows the preferred manner of constructing using bolting in conjunction with prefabricated bores in end sections of any element according to the invention, all in order to facilitate minimal usage of space and time and/or sound at building sites.

The drawing also illustrate the application of isolation pads 32 or even slabs thereof, produced in a synthetic material, e.g. in the form of “Peek”, between constructive elements, here traverse 4 and traverse supporting bracket 4B.

The isolators 32 have multiple functionalities in that they facilitate or at least are functional thermal isolation, thermal relative expansion and in dampening of sound impulses, Such isolators 32 are applied spread on top of a girder 5 or traverse 4 at cach side of a girder rim SR or re-enforcement profile dE, and are preferably included pre-fabricated, e.g. by bolting or glieing, FIG. 17A and FIG, 17B provide examples of light systems and devices 33 for the garage according to the invention, with a light clement holder or base for an electrical light element such as lamps or set of lamps or LED strip extending over the a largest part of the width of a lower wall of a girder or transverse.

As in the embodiment 17A the light device may be attached by bolting, using a so called frog strip profile 34 applied, ie. included in the lower wall of a construction clement 4, §, and the device thereto provided with bores.

In the alternative design of FIG, 178, the device 33 is provided with so called click rims 35 which hook on to the lower part of a construction clement 4, 5, favorably making use of resiliency in the light device 33 on the one hand, a hooked nature of the rims 33 and a certain sofiness of the aluminum material of the lower part of a construction element 4, 5. [oosij The benefits of a building according to the invention, whether or not carried out as a parking garage in whole or in part or not, generally include flexibility, speed in placement and removal, safety, durability, ability to integrated options, and favourable investment and operation possibilities.

The building has a flexible layout by its modular and demountable structure, optimizes land use, has the ability to tailor-made aluminium system components to suit the particulars of a situation, is easily extendable, may easily bereduced in size and is mobile, It has vo material loss in disassembly or reassignment and has all the capabilities towards including any of various facade finishes, is adapted to freely locate entrances, exits and ramps, is both semi-permanent and mobile, vet may be

Is. used permanently, and enable the possibility of easy integration of different real estate features.

[0092] With respect to speed and simplicity of realization the present invention enables a short preparation time by standardization of structural components, while often only a simple foundation is required. One typical example of the latter is the use as a building foundation of (oflen denoted Stelcon) concrete plates, typically of a standard type of 2x 2 x 0, 25 m. The total constraction weight of the building according to the invention amounts to only about 25% of that of a concrete comparable building, ¢.g. a garage. Hence a virtually incredible amount of 75% of weight saving and fast realization is enabled. Moreover, the erection takes with less environmental hindrance since piling rig is most often if not at least virtually always, not needed. Hence a building in accordance with the present invention is highly suitable for busy city centres, "tight" and environmental sensitive construction sites, and is all the more also applicable on top of existing buildings or parking garages. Erection hardly gives nuisance for the enviroment because no heavy cranes are needed and small construction site may soon be sufficient. With this also heavy driving is strongly reduced. Construction wise no or at least significantly failures and errors in system components and construction gre to be expected and inspected on site, due to the feature of pre-fabricating the construction components and the absence of margin stacking by suppliers, which also provides a favourable effect on the safety of the building and on the cost of construction. Finally also the character of logistics and optimization of construction process is herewith strongly changed if not improved, which, among other things, also favourably leads to a clean and efficient site of construction.

[0093] With regard to sustainability and innovation that is further possible with a building according to the invention, the most modern forms of lighting such as LEI, LED-foil, LED fixture may be applied in an integrated manner, Le, without hindering space occupation as is, at least in view of costs, necessarily the case at concrete based buildings. The combination of aluminiun and coating shows itself as a more sustainable and innovative construction-aliernative to steel and concrete, enabled by the now enabled use of aluminium, providing sustainable employability of aluminium, to an infinite reuse, all within a total-concept, and providing a clean" construction site without risks of sceurity, improved health by less environmental impact, and absence from gassing by

“26m concrete. A building according to the invention may completely be taken apart and re» erected elsewhere. Supportive hereto is an eco-friendly, durable and maintenance- friendly coating, which also offers maximum five-retardancy. All materials of the new type of building are "cradle-to-cradle" reusable with a minimum of energy loss for any reuse, The building according to invention offers an open construction allowing natural ventilation, without at least extensive requirement of snergy-consuming mechanical or thrust or shearing force fans.

[0094] Regarding safety and comfort the application of a fire-retardant coating to at least 60 min, is worth noting, as well as a coating of the floors which is safe and comfortable without that it leading to “squeak” and annoying contact sounds of tives. The coating may be applied in almost every colour so that, that what formerly often was to be accepted as drab, gritty concrete or steed colossus, now easily may be offered as a cheerful, at least crisp cut building, if desired, appropriately in the style of the operator or OWDET, {0095} Inresume the possibilities of a building according to the invention in respect of integrated options, include advertising opportunities on the facades by cloth or LED screens, facade finish of choice, the simple ability to generate solar power on the roof or at the facade slemenis of the garage, the fitting in of commercial premises, kiosks, housings, student housings, storage, self-storage, leisure- , sports facilities and green areas on the roof, and/or canopy thereof. foúes] In connection with business aspects of a building according te the invention is worth noting by way of resume, a saving on foundation costs through light construction, saving on costs during the construction by standardization and prefabrication of the structural parts, Bmiting costs of construction management and supervision by short 23 construction time and prefabrication process, a high residual value of the building, at least of the components thereof, by ability to reuse sustainable materials, especially the aluminium floors and construction parts, a high quality by a constant, Le. factory based manufacturing, an ability to move, reduce or enlarge the garage at low cost because of the demountable construction system, employability of the building based on one of various forms of contract: buy, sale with right of first redemption and rental, lower operating and management costs through the application of sustainable materials, whereby higher rental

“wd Fn value and investment value of the garage, and finally, lower financing costs by the ability to re-use of construction and materials. 0097} The present construction, apart from providing a high standard of safety to a building, especially in traffic units such as garages and bridges, has the advantage of composing a floor without the typical peeping sound of ear wheels on conventionally coated garage floors. The finishing coating easily allows for temperature expansion or contraction of floor plates, either synthetic or metal and either solid or in panel form, as does the paint and any optionally applied granulated cork layer. The latter, in the exemplified case glued to the floor plate, despite the granulates preferably being included very dense, is in a particular embodiment bonded with an elastic synthetic bonding agent, [00981 The present invention, apart from the preceding description, may further be explained along a following set of claims and figures, as well as along the following sets of clauses, in which various aspects are explained or figuratively represented that are united in the present application as one invention, however the combination of which is indicated to possibly form the subject of a separate and different claim either within the present application or as a divisional application.

[00991 The present invention may furthermore be embodied with or characterized as in the following clauses or definitions (6) departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on the costing of the constructive elements:

[00100] Civil construction unit comprising a framework and provided with constructive clements produced in aluminium, such as a floor system comprising a plurality of floorplates, preferably welded together, in which the element is provided with a first layer of intuminescent paint or coating, and a second layer of finishing coating,

[0016] Unit in accordance with the preceding clause, the element preferably at least comprising a floorplate and is coated according to the preceding definition at least to ifs bottom side, more preferably provided with a material layer comprising granulated cork, said granulated cork layer and/or said floor plate, at least said framework being covered by intumescent paint or coating.

[00102] Unit according to the preceding clause, wherein, at least in case of the floor plates, said paint or coating layer is provided with a finishing coating.

28.

[00103] Unit according to the preceding clause, wherein said finishing coating is of an elastic synthetic material, [oiod] Umit according to one of the two preceding clauses, wherein said fuishing coating is provided with a fire retardant material.

[00105] Unit according to anyone of the three preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating has a rough outer surface.

[00106] Unit according to the preceding clause wherein said roughness is tactile sensible by finger movement over said surface.

[00107] Unit according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the rough outer surface complies with the requirements of NEN-ISO-10545 part 17, {00108} Unit according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the total thickness of said finishing layer is of a thickness smaller than 1.5 nun {00108} Unit according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein said optional cork layer is of a thickness within the range of 1 to 5 mm, 13 [Dui] Unit according to the preceding clause, wherein said thickness is around 3 man. 00111} Definitions (1) departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on a what practically might amount to a so called stand or Column, ie. a to be vertically included aluminium element for supporting a building: [0m] Constructive element such as girder, in particular stand or coh in aluminium, the clement provided in an elongated hollow, largely rectangular profile as taken In cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, the element having an elongation of a length typically at least adopted to common flooring distances in domestic building, the cross section showing lateral hollow profile walls extending over certain width, and transverse hollow profile walls of certain depth, extending between the two lateral walls, the element at one transverse wall provided with a profiling for matching connection of the element with a farther element part included mirrored to said element.

00113] Element according to clause 1, in which the connection profiling is included at a transverse wall of the hollow profiling.

[00114] Element according to clause | or 2, in which the transverse wall remote from the connection profiling is of a thickness larger than the thickness of another immer or outer wall part of the hollow profile.

<79.

[00115] Element according to any one of clauses 1, 2 and 3, in which the element is composed, as taken In cross section, of two clement sections connected to one another, z.g. by bolting or welding.

[00116] Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the transverse wall at the connection profiling is of smaller thickness than the lateral hollow profile walls.

{01171 Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the connection profiling is based on a continuation of a lateral wall [001181 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the continuation is of reduced thickness, typically to about 50% of thickness, the reduction in particular realised ID at an outer wall side of the continuation,

[06119] Element in accordance with any one of the two preceding clauses, in which one continuation is slightly longer than the continuation at the opposite lateral outer wall continuation, typically over s length matching the thickness of the continued wall section, and protruding directly along the inner side of 8 projection of the inner wall face of the lateral wall 001201 Element in accordance with any of the preceding three clauses, in which the shorter lateral wall continuation is provided with an end face bevelled in a manner witha laterally outward directed directional component. 0oi21] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element, at the transverse wall opposite the transverse wall with connection profiling, is provided with a profiling in the form of a continuation of the lateral side walls, (001221 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the continuation is at teast about half the distance between the two transverse walls of the hollow profile. {001231 Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses § io IL in which the connection profiling extends over a length at least about a goarter of the distance between the transverse walls of the element profile.

[001241 Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses 5 to 12, m which the element is composed of two hollow element sections mutually connected by a welding seem at the bevelled end face of one of the two lateral wall continuations,

[901253] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, m which an outermost face of the profile is completed by a further, open profiled element, extending over at least virtually the entire length of the element.

-30- (00126) Element in accordance with the preceding clause in which the further profiling sets forth a re-enforcement of the element by being fivraly connected to the element, e.g. by bolting or welding. fon1271 Element in accordance with the preceding two clauses, in which the further 3 profiling is at least largely U-shaped, and of a thickoess matching the thickness of the outward contivuation of the lateral walls of the clersent. 00128) Definitions (3) in the form of clauses, departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mandy on a what practically wight amount to a so called intereonueet element, ie, for safely and robustly interconnecting columns, e.g. as defined in the preceding, in principle even up to highest possible levels: 001297 Intercomect element for interconnecting sections of a column for supporting a building, the cohamns formed in alomimum material, in particular gs extruded aluminum profiles, the column sections provided with support elements for supporting a girder, e.g. for supporting a floor, in which the interconnect clement voay be added to and supported by atop side of a column section, and in which the element is provided with a profiling oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction of the column section, and extending from one side of the element up to the opposite side face of the element, 00130] Element in accordance with clause 1, in which the profile is oriented along a horizontal plane. [oant] Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the profile extends over at least substantially the entire cross section of the element,

[00132] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses in which the element is produced in cast shuninum.

[00133] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses provided with longitudinally oriented profilings, at least one of which included in line with a main wall of the profiling of the colunm section. 60134] Definitions {4) departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on a what practically might amount to a so called traverse girder, Le. in between main girders:

[09193] Clause 1: a constructive element such as girder, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section to one of its sides being provided with a U-shaped profiling, the side

„31e 7 walls of the U shaped element extending in parallel and square to the side in which the Us shaped clement is included, the U-shaped element partly extending inwards of the constructive element,

[00136] Element according to clauses], in which the U-shaped element extends up the half way the height of the clement, i.e. as taken in the longitudinal direction of a side wall of the U-shaped element.

[00137] Element according to one of the preceding clauses, in which the base part of the U-shape element is included at the inner side of the constructive element, 00138] Element according to any one of the preceding clauses, in which the element 19 formed in aluminium, e.g. as an extruded element.

[00139] Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the element is intended for application in a building such as a parking, in particular as a so called traverse, ie. in between two main girders. [001407 Element according to the preceding clause, in which the element is intended to be provided with an insert in the form of a drain, e.g. for draining water received froma parking floor.

[00141] Element according to the preceding clauses, in which the insert, by an overhanging edge, is supported by the upper ends of the u-shaped element.

[66142] Building provided with an element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses,

[00143] Building in which the clerment wall having the U-shaped element is included with satd wall or side being the upper side of the element.

[00144] Building in accordance with the preceding clauses, in which part of the upper wall of the element at af least one side of the U-shaped element is utilised for supporting a floor element such as a parking deck or part of a dwelling cubicle.

[00145] Building according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the upper face of the element, at one side of the U-shaped slement supports a fencing means for the building, the fencing means bolted to the element.

[00146] Building according to any of the preceding building clauses, in which the element is provided with a bore opening for passing a drain pipe, e.g. connected to an insert in the U-shaped element.

[00147] Building clement in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the U-shaped element is provided with a dram forming insert, with the insert via laterally extending edge parts being supported by the upper end of the side walls of the U-shaped element.

3 fo0148) Building according to any of the preceding building clauses, in which the element is an alominiun element, connected to a main girder via a U-shaped support to which it is bolted.

001491 Building according to the preceding clauses, in which the U-shaped support is provided with flanges, in particular provided with bore openings for bolted commection to 1 a nmin girder.

[00150] Building according to any of the preceding building clauses in which the building ts a parking garage, the building provided with a floor system comprising a plurality of cassette Hke floorplates welded together, {001511 Building according to any of the preceding building clanses in which at least the 13 clement, preferably as well as said Hoorplate, is covered by an intumescent costing.

[00152] Building according to the preceding clauses, wherein the upper part of said floorplstes, is provided with a finishing coating, covering or integrated with any intumescent coating.

[00153] Building according to the preceding clauses, wherein said coating is ofan elastic synthetic material,

[00154] Building according to one of the two preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating is provided with a five retardant material, {001551 Building according to anyone of the three preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating has z rough outer surface. 253 [90136] Building according to the preceding clauses wherein said roughness is tactile sensible by finger movement over said surface.

[00157] Building according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the rough outer surface complies with the requirements OfNEN-IS0-10545 part 17,

[00138] Building according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the total thickness of said finishing layer is of a thickness smaller than 1.5 mm.

<33. [oois9] Definitions (2), also here in the form of clauses, departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on what practically might amount to a zo called main givder, as especially illustrated along figures 4, 7 and 16: i. Clause 1: Constructive element S such as girder or stand in aluminium, the clement provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, e.g. as in FIG, 10, in particular by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section provided with at least one inner wall part 58, SC, freely extending between the two lateral walls of the element,

2. Constructive element according to clause 1, in which the element is rectangular shaped as taken in cross section, the longer sides forming the lateral walls of the element, and the inner wall extending in parallel to an upper and a lower wall of the element. 3, Element according to clause 1, in which the inner wall extends over at least substantially the Tall length of the clement.

4. Element according to clause 1 or 2, in which the element correspondingly is provided another, parallel to the first inner wall extending ner wall part.

if 5 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, inn which the distance between the inner walls is larger than between an inner wall part and the adjacent upper or lower outer wall part of the element, ë. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the distance between the inner walls is between one and a half and two and § half times, preferably at least about twice of the distance between an inner wall and an outermost opper or lower wall of the element,

7. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the upper and the lower wall of the element are of a consistent relatively large thickness compared to the thickness of an inner wall.

23 8 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the thickness of at least one outermost upper or lower wall is twice the thickness of an nner wall, 9, Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the thickness of a lateral wall part above and below an inner wall is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part, 1G Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the thickness of a lateral wall part between the inner walls is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part.

24. it. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which at least one of an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part is of a larger thickness than the remainder section of the lateral wall past.

12. Element in acvordance with the preceding clause, according to which the thickness of the at least one of the upper or lower section of the lateral wall is smaller than the thickness of an upper or lower wall of the element.

13. Blement in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a to be nominated upper wall of the element is centrally provided with a longitudinally extending rim, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall 14 Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which at least one of the upper and lower section of a lateral wall is provided with a groove, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall, is. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the groove is incorporated at a level at least largely within the thickness, at least within the projection i5 ofthe relevant upper or lower wall.

16. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element is constructed, at least capable of being constructed as a composite element in which two clement parts are in line interconnected by a fitting nner element part, the element extending in a corresponding hollow section of the element parts.

17 Element 1 accordance with the preceding clause, in which the mner element part is included in between two toner wall parts.

18. Element in accordance with any of the two preceding clauses, in which the mer clement is provided as a hollow element in alomindum. 19, Element in accordance with any of the three preceding clauses, in which the mer element is fixed, preferably in a releasable manner such as by bolting, to the in line slement paris.

20. Eleroent in accordance with any of the four preceding clauses, in which the nner element extends over at least virtoally the full length of the composite element.

21. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element, forming a square element, is transversely connected with a transverse element part such as a stand or column pact, in partticular by aluminium welding, wore in particular to an open end of the other transverse element part,

2. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the lateral walls of one clement part are connected to the tip end of the other transverse part, in particular under onussion of an end part of the outer wall facing, i.e. at the side of the other transverse element.

33 Element acoording to any of the two preceding clement clauses, in which the open tip end of one of the two transverse connected element parts is closed of by a plate included in Hine with the remote outer wall of the other transverse element part, connecting the upper and lateral walls of the one fravsverse connected clement part with the tip end of the aligned outer wall of the other transverse connected element part.

24. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the connection between the transverse clement parts is re-enforced by a plated shore extending at an acute angle with each of the transverse element parts, 2S. Element part according to the preceding clause in which the plated shore is extends between two transverse extending side plates, parallel to the lateral sides of the IS travsverse element parts.

26. Element according to the preceding clause, in which the side plates are formed by ons of the two transverse element parts, and wherein the nner wall or walls extend up to the shore plate, Le. are limited in length relative to the length of the opper, at least outer most wall part of the relevant transverse element part.

27. Method of constructing a building, comprising the use of a constructive element in aluminaumn in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive clement part is connected to a another corresponding slement part with transversely connected element part, the transverse element part inchuded as a column, in particular by connection to a cohuun base, using a fitting inner element part in accordance with one of 23 the preceding clauses.

28. Method in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the inner part is included in the connecting part of the square element.

29, Method according to the preceding clause, in which the inner element part is slid into the other, to be connented, aligned element part, 30 Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square element are joint together, back to back as it were, sp as to form a T shaped constructive element, the joint parts forming a pillar or columa.

36m

31. Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square slerment part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to its base, in advance of connection with an elongated clement part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method clause.

32 Building construction with an element or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses. fooien] Definitions (8) departing primarily from a viewpoint foeussed mainly on what practically might amount to a new method of constructing: [outst Constructive element such as girder or stand in aluminium, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, in which the element is constructed, at least capable of being constructed as a composite element of at least two element parts, in which the two element panis are in fine interconnected by a fitting, equally hollow profiled inner element part, the inner clement extending in each of the two element parts a corresponding hollow section of the clement parts,

[00162] Element in accordance with the preceding clause , in which the inner clement is configured to extend in each clement par over a length of at least one and a halftime the height of the constructive element.

[00163] Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the element is provided with two inner walls extending between two lateral walls of the clement, and in which the tnner element part is included in between the two inner wall parts.

[06164] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the distance between the two inner walls is larger than a distance between an inner wall and an outermost, upper or lower wall of the element, 001657 Element in accordance with soy of the two preceding clauses, in which both the clement, hence the element parts and the inner clement is provided as a hollow element in glominium, {oo166] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the ner element is fixed, preferably in a releasable mauner such as by bolting, to each of the two, mn line connected slerment parts.

“37.

[00167] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the funer clement extends over at least virtually the entire length ofthe composite clement. {on168) Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which an element, part is transversely conmected with a transverse element part such as a stand or colon $ part, in particular by shuninium welding, more in particular to an open end of the other transverse slement part. jpo169} Element in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the lateral walls of one element part are connected to the tip end of the other transverse part, in particular under omission of an end part of the outer wall facing, Le. at the side of the other transverse clement. foro] Element according to any of the two preceding clement clauses, in which the open tip end of one of the two transverse connected element parts is closed ofby a plate meladed in line with the remote outer wall of the other transverse element pat, connecting the upper and lateral walls of the one transverse connected element part with the tip end of the aligned outer wall of the other transverse connected element part. [001717 Element in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the connection between the transverse element parts is re-enforced by a plated shore extending zl an acute angle with each of the transverse clement parts. [001721 Hlement part according to the preceding claim in which the plated shore is 29 extends between two transverse extending side plates, parallel to the lateral sides of the transverse element parts.

[00173] Element according to the preceding claim, in which the side plates are formed by one of the two transverse clement pacts, and wherein the inner wall or walls extend up to the shore plate, Le. are limited n length relative to the length of the upper, af least outer most wall part of the relevant transverse element part. [001747 Method of constructing a building, conywising the use of a constructive element in aluminium in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive element part is connected to a another corresponding element part with transversely connected clement part, the transverse element part included as a colunuy, in particular by connection to s column base, using a Sittig inner element part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses.

„38.

[00175] Method in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the nner part is welded in the connecting pan of the square clement. [core] Method according to the preceding claim, in which the inner element part is slid into the other, to be connected, aligned clement part, S fem Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square element are joint together, back to back as it were, 80 as to form a T shaped constructive clement, the joint parts forming a pillar or column.

00178] Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square slement part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to its base, in advance of connection with an elongated clement part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method clan. {001797 Building construction with an clement or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses. [001807 Method of constructing a hailding, comprising the use of a constructive element IS in shoeoiniom in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive slement part is connected to a another corresponding element part with transversely connected element part, the transverse slement part inchided 8s a column, in particular by connection to a column base, using a fitting inner element part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses, 0181] Method in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the inner part is included in the connecting part of the square element.

[00182] Method according to the preceding clause, in which the inner element part is slid into the other, to be connected, aligned element part.

[00183] Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square 23 element are joint together, back to back as it were, so as to form a T shaped constructive element, the joint parts forming a pillar or column,

[00184] Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square element part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, i erected, in particular coumected to its base, in advance of connection with an elongated element part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method clause.

[00185] Building construction with an element or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses,

-39-

(00185) The present invention, apart from the preceding description, melading clauses, definitions and/or statements, which by virtue of their relation to the same object, e.g. in the form of a specific aspect thereof or specific contribution thereto, at least relating to the same set of figures, may be freely mutually combined, is further explained along a following reference number list, set of claims and figures, in which various aspects are explained or figuratively represented that are united in the present application as ope invention, however the combination of which is indicated to possibly form the subject of a separate and different claim either within the present application or as a divisional application.

“Ale Reference number list: 1 Building 1 1B Nut rotationally held locked by lateral 2 Column section; stand insert or cassette wall ZA first colunm embodiment 35 12 Square element; pre-fabricated § 2B second column embodiment with column and girder section

21. rear side extension of column; lug 12F Column flange 2M flange openings for bolt insert 13 connection profile 3 Gicder; Main giedsr 13A Retracted profile in transverse wall 4 Traverse or traverse girder 40 138 Protruding profile at transvers wall 4U U-shaped support for traverse 4 14 Lateral wall 413 open drain for inserting into 4U 14A Opening access lid in lateral wall 4R U-shaped reinforcement profile in 4 148 Dram; Gutter pipe $ Intermediate girder; extension piece 15 Transverse wall 5a upper girder wall 45 154 Outer transverse wall Sb upper inner wall connecting side walls 15b Profiled outer transverse wall 5e lower ner wall connecting side walls 15¢ internal transverse wall Sd Lower girder wall 15d Hollow insert SL lug; Girder side wall part; 16 Reinforcing profile and Cover 5M Reinforcement end plate diagonal 50 17 profile insert SN extended upper girder wall 18 Bol, connection member SR Rim on top face of girders 3 and 5 19 Cover; Gap closure 6 floor panel; slab 20 intermediate column section 7 brace; re~enforcement brace 21 column end section 8 support element; for girder 3 55 22 column cap, upper end plate 8B bracket or console for 8 23 column upper end section opening SR Recess in transverse wall 8B 24 volumn bottom and access port 8N Notch to bottom wall of £, positioning 8 25 Cokumn bottom end and support plate to 8B 26 Lateral wall of girder 5 9 parking lot 60 27 Thicker upper and or lower 10 one way lane lateral wall section of girder 5 11 cassette part; for cassette interconnection28 (Groove in lateral wall of girder 5 11A Bolt for cassette connection 29 Fence of garage floor

“41 Building in aluminium 33 Light device - light system 31 Cubicle 5 34 Element with bolt holding profile 32 Synthetic insert - isolator 35 device clips for click connection.

Clauses I. Constructive element such as girder in Aluminium, m particular a transverse girder, the clement provided in an elongated hollow and rectangular profiling as taken in cross section, and produced by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section, central to one of iis faces provided with a U-shaped profiling, the legs of which oriented in parallel to walls of the profile as taken in cross section, extending over at least s substantial part of the length of the girder, and provided in a height of at least half of that of one of the parallel walls.

2. Element in accordance with claim 1, in which the legs extend above the profile face over a height at least substantially matching the height of a parallel oriented wall or face of the girder.

3. Element according to either one of claims 1 and 2, in which the height of the slement 1s smaller than the width of the element.

4 Eloment in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, in which the width of the U shaped profiling takes up less than one third of the width of the element

3. Element in accordance with any of the preceding claims, in which the width of the U-shaped profiling is about half the height of the element,

6. Element in accordance with any of the preceding claims, in which the U-shaped element partly extends wards of the constructive element,

7. Element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the base part of the U. shape element is included at the inner side of the constructive element,

8. Blement in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the height of the Us shaped profiling part is at least substantially about the height of a parallel oriented girder face or greater.

9, Element according to any of the preceding claims, m which the element is adapted for application in a building such as a parking, in particular gs a so called traverse, ie. in between two main girders, 10, Element according to the preceding claim, in which the element is adapted, at least intended for having or otherwise receiving an insert m the form of a drain, e.g. for draining water received from a parking floor,

11. Element according to the preceding claim, in which the insert, by an overhanging edge, is supported by the upper ends of the u-shaped element,

12. Building provided with an element in accordance with any of the preceding claims; 13, Building in which the element wall having the U-shaped element is included with & said wall or side being the upper side of the element.

14. Building in accordance with the preceding claim, in which pact of the upper wall of the element at at feast one side of the U-shaped clement is utilised for supporting a floor element such as a parking deck or part of a dwelling cubicle. 15, Building according to any of the preceding claims, in which the upper face ofthe clement, at one side of the U-shaped element supports a fencing means for the building, the fencing means bolted to the element.

16, Building according to any of the preceding building claims, in which the element is provided with a bore opening for passing a drain pipe, e.g. connected to an insert in the U-shaped element,

17. Building element in accordance with any of the preceding claims, in which the U- shaped element is provided with a drain forming insert, with the insert via laterally extending edge parts being supported by the upper end of the side walls of the U-shaped element.

18. Building according to any of the preceding building claims, in which the clement is an aluminium element, connected io a main girder or column vig a U-shaped support, in particular by bolting, the U-shaped support connected to the main girders or columns via a flange of the U-shaped element.

19. Building in accordance with the preceding claim in which the element is supported by the U-shaped support via an in between included synthetic material part such as 23 syuthetic rubber or PEEK.

Claims (18)

rn CONCLUSIONS i. Structural element such as a Hgger (4), made of aluminium, in particular a sleeper, in which the element, taken in cross-section, is provided with an elongated hollow and rectangular profile, and is produced by extrusion, the hollow cross-section being central on one of its faces is provided with a U-shaped profiling (4R), the legs of which are oriented in cross-section parallel to the walls of the profile, extend over at least a substantial part of the length of the beam, and over a height of at least a quarter of the height of a parallel side wall of the profile (4). 2. Element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the legs or the projection thereof extend over a height which at least substantially at least corresponds to the height of a parallel oriented wall or face of the girder. An element according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the height of the element is peringer than the width of the element. 4. Element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the width of the U-shaped profiling occupies less than one third of the width of the clement. Element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the width of the U-shaped profiling (4R) is approximately half the height of the element, An element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the U-shaped element {4R} extends partly within the structural element (4). 7}. Element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bast part of the U-shaped element (3R)} is included on the inner side of the constructive element (4). 8. Element according to the preceding claim, wherein the height of the U-shaped profile part (4R) is at least substantially at the height of a parallel oriented Hgger plane or greater. An element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the element (4) is adapted for use in a building such as a parking garage, in particular as a so-called traverse, ie between two main girders. 10. Element according to the preceding claim, wherein the element (4) is adapted, at least intended for having or otherwise holding an insert in the form of 45. a drain (413), e.g. for draining water received from a parking floor, An element (4) according to the preceding claim, wherein the insert (4D) is supported by an overhanging edge from the upper ends of the U-shaped element (4E). Building (1, 30) provided with an element (4) according to one of the preceding claims. 13, Building (1, 30) in which the element wall with the U-shaped profiling is accommodated, and wherein said wall or side is the top of the element (4). Building (1, 30) according to the preceding claim, wherein a part of the top wall of the element on at least one side of the U-shaped element is used for supporting a floor element such as a parking deck or a part of a living area, Building (1, 30) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the top surface 13 of the element (4), on one side of the U-shaped element, supports a fencing means (29) for the building, in particular the fencing means (29) 1s screwed to the element (4). 16, Building (1, 30) according to one of the preceding building claims, wherein the element is provided with a drilling opening for the passage of a drainage pipe, for example connected to an insert (4D) in the U-shaped element (4R). A building element (4) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the U-shaped element is provided with a drain-forming insert (4D), the insert being supported via laterally extending edge portions by the upper end of the side walls of the U-shaped element. Building (1, 30) according to one of the preceding building claims, wherein the element (4) is an aluminum element, connected to a main girder or column via a U-shaped support (4B), in particular by means of fur connections, where the U-shaped support is connected to the main girders or columns, via a flange of the U-shaped support element (4B). Building (1, 30) according to the preceding claim, wherein the element (4) is supported by the U-shaped support structure (4B) via an intermediate plastic insert (32) such as synthetic rubber or PEEK,