MXJL04000001A

MXJL04000001A - Organic soil composition and production method thereof.

Info

Publication number: MXJL04000001A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Ravelero Vazquez Adan
Original assignee: Ravelero Vazquez Adan
Priority date: 2004-01-09
Filing date: 2004-01-09
Publication date: 2005-07-12
Also published as: WO2005066099A1

Abstract

The invention relates to substrates and compositions used in plant cultivation and reproduction. More specifically, the invention relates to an organic soil composition and to the production method thereof. The inventive composition is characterised in that it comprises a mixture of products consisting of black soil, ground pumice stone, a fibre, a derivative organic sterilised fertiliser compound, a moisture retainer and an agro-friendly aggregated bacteria. The method of producing the aforementioned organic soil composition is characterised in that it comprises the following steps, namely: a first step consisting in mixing and grinding the black soil with the ground pumice stone and adding the coconut or agave fibre thereto; a second mixing step consisting in adding the sterilised guano, the polymer and the agro-friendly bacteria by means of spraying; and a third and final mixing step.

Description

COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC SOIL AND PROCESS OF OBTAINING THE SAME FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the substrates and compositions used in the reproduction and cultivation of plants. More specifically it is referred to an organic soil composition and the process of obtaining it.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is well known that in the field of agriculture for obtaining better production yields and higher quality of the product of a certain crop, it is necessary to carry out the planting in rich soils with high content of nutrients and minerals.

It is known that soil is formed from the earth's crust as a result of erosion, decay and alteration of rocks caused by climatic factors, organisms, relief, topography and the time factor, since many years pass so that a layer of soil can be formed.

The soil is composed of different horizons with different characteristics from each other; horizon A is the most superficial layer that has the highest proportion of organic matter; on the B horizon there appear trawls produced by the water of substances of horizon A; and finally, the C horizon contains the mother matter from which the soil comes, that is, the rock.

The soil is then composed of mineral substances and organic substances product of the decomposition of living beings such as plants and animals. The soil has two types of properties that are the physical ones in which the color, the texture and the structure are understood, and the chemical ones that are the capacity of cation exchange (capacity of the ground to yield mineral nutrients to the plants) and the pH (potential of hydrogen ions).

The texture is determined by the fine portions that the soil contains when undoing a clod; There are three kinds of particles that are sand, silt and clay; while the structure is the way in which the fine particles are arranged, forming clusters of different successive proportions, the structure of the soil is closely related to the texture and also has importance in the life of the plants, the porous space that goes to be between the different structures, will determine the values of water and air, the pores facilitate the growth of the roots, making it difficult if the soil presents prismatic structures; in some cases we can modify the soil conditions, at least the surface ones by incorporating organic matter.

All vegetables need a high content of organic matter for their development; in the mineral nutrients nitrogen is not present, but in the organic matter.

Living organisms are made up of proteins, which are quaternary substances because they contain 4 components: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Plants decompose releasing the nitrogen they contain, forming salts in the form of nitrates, which the plant can absorb. (NOaCa calcium nitrate, NO3K2 potassium nitrate).

The bacteria and microorganisms that live in organic matter play an important role in the life of plants, determining symptoms in plants.

Through time, we know the importance of organic matter for the good growth and development of plants; Many fertilizers or organic fertilizers and procedures to obtain them are known. Organic fertilizers are all materials of organic origin that can be broken down by the action of microbes and the work of human beings, including in addition to the manures of organisms and the work of specific microbes, which help the earth to maintain its strength or fertility and to fix environmental nitrogen.

There are organic fertilizers such as crop residues, animal manure, ashes; Organic fertilizers from compost, green fertilizers, fertilizers (humus) from vermiculture, b fertilizers and liquid fertilizers are also known.

However, for a long time inorganic or chemical fertilizers were used when the producers realized that with them in principle better results were obtained in production, using fertilizers such as urea that provides nitrogen, triple phosphate and calcium calcium phosphate, Ammonium nitrate that provides nitrogen, among many other inorganic fertilizers. The use of these fertilizers extended in a general way, taking organic fertilizers to the background, which brought drastic consequences in the soils where they were used, affecting their properties, acidifying or alkalizing them, damage by salinity, among other alterations and damages. .

Since the harmful effect of the excessive and long-term use of chemical fertilizers has been noticed, the use and application of organic fertilizers or fertilizers has been resumed, which are currently booming and which are of great importance in view of the growing interest in ecology.

In a search for priorities, the following American patents were found: US 4,056,380 by E. Brandt Thiac, of November 1, 1977, referring to a method of producing an organic soil additive and its product, to improve the structural properties of soil from native zirconium silicate ground with water and mixed with secondary wastewater combined in separate spaced piles for aeration and composting with a subsequent steam treatment to produce a product having high moisture retention characteristics to be used as a soil additive, soil conditioner, soil improver, ingredient and / or fertilizer agent or soil for pots.

U.S. Patent No. 4,201,564 of Gabriel P. Causal, dated May 6, 1980, referring to an organic fertilizer obtained from the treatment of organic material of animal origin. The organic material is digested, for example by potassium hydroxide and the product is neutralized. A condom is included in the final mix and other additives such as phosphates, sulfates and potassium sources, as well as molasses and gum may also be included.

US Patent 5,360,466 of Arthur L. of November 1, 1994, relating to a fresh and aromatic organic fertilizer product produced by the collection of llama excrement pellets preferably fed only with alfalfa forage with grain supplements. The pellets are first dried by a relatively slow process that allows them to harden as more fragmented pellets, and these are ground to produce a mass particle such as a powder, granulate or pelletized particles that have the fragrance of alfalfa and is a fertilizer highly effective.

However, none of these patents allow a completely organic soil composition or the process to obtain it, which provides highly significant advantages in terms of fertility, germination capacity and productivity.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION The main purpose of the present invention is to make available a completely organic soil composition in which all the components are organic and biodegradable, suitable for the production of products in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, using all resources with organic technology.

Another objective of the invention is to allow said composition of organic soil, which also allows the development of a pronounced significant effect in the optimization of seed germination, causing a vigorous development of plants, fruits, trees.

Still another objective of the invention is to allow said composition of organic soil that also provides plants cultivated there, resistance to water scarcity, resulting in a substantial increase in productivity, quality and allow the maximum genetic expression of all vegetative material .

Another objective of the invention is to make available said organic soil composition, which is also rich in micro and macroelements, using moisture retainers with the capacity to dose it later towards the silvers.

A further object of the invention is to allow said composition of organic soil that also drives all the molecular development processes of all the plants and trees of agriculture, forestry and horticulture, cultivated in said soil.

Still another objective of the invention is to allow said organic soil composition, which also uses the biodegradable material and natural resources that consequently eliminates the need to carry out ecological or environmental impact studies.

Another objective of the invention is to allow said composition of organic soil, which also causes an obvious favorable economic impact for production.

Finally, another objective of the invention is to make available a process for obtaining an organic soil composition.

And all those qualities and objectives that will become apparent when making a general and detailed description of the present invention supported by the illustrated modalities.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The composition of the organic soil according to the present invention consists of a mixture of products consisting of black soil, soil jal (ground pumice), fiber, organic fertilizer and a moisture retainer.

Black soil should be used with an average cultivation period of seven years, free of agrochemical compounds such as insecticides, herbicides, inorganic fertilizers, etc. The black soil is very compact and should have an average density of 60 pounds / ft3.

In as much the floor jal is the result of grinding pumice stone to a particle size of between 0.003 inches to 1/16 of an inch. Obtaining a very porous floor and with a density of 43 pounds / foot3.

The fiber to be used is selected from coconut fiber or agave fiber, which provides cohesion to the obtained soil formulation, being required an average coconut fiber density of 9.6 pounds / ft3 and the average fiber density of 4 pound / foot3 agave.

The organic fertilizer, in its preferred form, consists of sterilized guano.

The moisture retainer consists of a natural polymer specially prepared from corn starch, acrylonitrile, potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. Acrylonitrile is used in the first step of two reaction steps, converted into the second step and removed in a refining extraction step. The analysis of the final product does not show functionally detectable residual nitrile, acrylonitrile or acrylamide within the limits of the most sophisticated analytical methods available.

Toxicological studies with the polymer do not detect toxicity, irritancy or mutagenesis in the product.

The fluid retention characteristics of the polymer limit the possibility of transferring liquid from residual components within the product. In current use, the product should probably be at least away from contact with skin and eyes as in toxicological tests that have detected no adverse effects.

In typical cases, the safety of a product is determined by tests involved in the final product, considering the absence of contaminants in the examination of the polymer by most available methods of analytical sensitivity and the absence of any toxic effects known in toxicological studies .

The polymer thus formulated is safe to use as a moisture retainer.

The ideal proportions of the mixture of black soil, soil and fiber, is 20 to 60% volume / volume of black soil, 15-25% volume / volume of soil and 20 to 60% volume / volume of fiber.

The organic fertilizer is added to the mixture obtained as established in the previous paragraph in such a way that the Nitrate Nitrate is less than 11%.

While the polymer is added to the mixture of black soil, soil and fiber, in the required amount ranging from 3 to 10 grams per five kilograms of the indicated mixture of organic soil.

As an example of the advantages represented by a soil with the indicated composition, the tomato seed germinates normally in a time of 7 to 10 days, resulting in a soil with the first proportion indicated above in addition to the guano and the polymer, the time of germination is reduced to 20 hours and with the second proportion the germination time is reduced to 29 hours.

The process for obtaining the composition of the organic soil comprises the steps of: a first mixing and grinding of black soil with soil jal, add fiber, a second mixing where in addition organic fertilizer and moisture retainer is added and finally a third mixed of all products.

In the first mixing and grinding of black soil with soil jal the mixture is sterilized by the effect of heat caused by friction during grinding and circulating hot air through the mill at a temperature of 45 to 60 ° C.

The black soil and soil jal once mixed and ground have particle size ranging from 0.003 inches to 1/16 of an inch The guano and the polymer are added by sprinkling during the second mixing of the jal soil and black soil, with the fiber, which is selected from coconut or agave fiber.

The organic soil composition according to the present invention is free of bacteria, fungi and viruses eliminated by a specialized process of organic preparation, mixed to maintain large pores in the soil for drainage and aeration that allows better soil wetting and drainage; which also allows the easy penetration of the root, also has the particularity of understanding small pores to retain water and high levels of nutrients for plants, without causing imbalance of nutrients or toxic levels of soluble salts and acts against chemical changes fast on the ground and is strong enough to hold the plants, during rest or shipping.

The starch polymer of the organic soil composition has the ability to maintain the correct acidity of the soil in the desired ranges and can be carried in any of the desired pH ranges; But water irrigation should be monitored to be sure if it is the desired range.

The composition of organic soil has been made to assist farmers' harvests and to start the production of organic fruits and vegetables for the emerging market that is currently booming. The composition of the organic soil is a material to intensify the rapid germination, growth and quality of the plants. It can be used in agriculture, forestry, horticulture and floriculture, in greenhouses or open areas with an appropriate layer on the surface of the land to be cultivated.

The invention allows the reduction of the costs of productive process of the crop and the development of seeds without harming the environment, elaborated as a natural product hundred percent biodegradable, whose impact in the sown areas is beneficial because it causes and allows an acceleration in the process of development of the plant and produces a good and better harvest in less time.

The composition of organic soil allows to accelerate the germination, reducing the time of germination of 75 to 90% of what normally takes the germinative process.

It also allows the stimulation of the growth of the plants and creates the necessary conditions for the development and growth of the plants, resulting in a time saving of 25 to 30% for the harvest, increasing the quality of the plants and their fruits.

This also allows a good and better harvest by increasing the yield of the crop over 125% of the normal yield.

The invention has been described sufficiently so that a person with average skill in the art can reproduce and obtain the results mentioned in the present invention. However, any person skilled in the art who is competent in the present invention may be able to make modifications not described in the present application, however, if for the application of these modifications in a certain structure or in the manufacturing process thereof, the subject matter claimed in the following claims is required, said structures should be understood within the scope of the invention.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N S Having sufficiently described the invention, the content of the following claim clauses is claimed as property.

1. - Composition of organic soil characterized by consisting of a mixture of products consisting of black soil, soil jal (ground pumice), fiber, an organic fertilizer and a moisture retainer.

2. - Composition of organic soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber is selected from coconut fiber or agave fiber.

3. - Composition of organic soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic fertilizer used is guano with fine particles, separated and dispersed and after being ground in a consistency as a kind of flour that is sterilized eliminating all the fungi, bacteria virus. The Agro-Friendly bacterium (in English Aari-Friendiv) is added to the mixture in a ratio of two milliliters per kilogram to ensure a cation exchange.

4. - Composition of organic soil according to the rei indication 1, characterized in that said moisture retainer consists of a polymer.

5. - Composition of organic soil according to claim 4, characterized in that said polymer is obtained from corn starch, acrylonitrile, potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid.

6. - Composition of organic soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the ideal ratio of the mixture of black soil, soil and fiber, is 20 to 60% volume / volume of black soil, 15-25% volume / volume of floor and 20 to 60% volume / volume of fiber.

7. - Composition of organic soil according to the rei indications 1 and 6, characterized in that on the mixture obtained in claim 6, the organic fertilizer is added with the Nitrate Nitrate in an amount less than 11%.

8. - Composition of organic soil according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that on the mixture obtained in the rei indication 6, the polymer is added in an amount ranging from 5 to 10 grams per kilogram of the indicated mixture.

9. - Composition of organic soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the soil after grinding is between 0.003 inches to 1/16 of an inch, with a density of 43 pounds / foot3.

10. - Composition of organic soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the black floor must be very compact and must have an average density of pounds / ft3.

11. - Composition of organic soil according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the average density of coconut fiber required is 9.6 pounds / foot3 and the average density of the agave fiber required is 4 pounds / foot3.

12. - Process for obtaining an organic soil composition characterized by comprising the steps of: a first mixing and grinding of black soil with jal soil (ground pumice), adding fiber, a second mixing where a sterilized organic fertilizer is also added v a moisture retainer and one of the many Agro-Friendly bacteria, and finally a third mixed.

13. - Process for obtaining an organic soil composition according to claim 12, characterized in that the first mixing and grinding is sterilized the mixture by effect of heat caused by friction during grinding and circulating hot air through the mill at a temperature from 60 to 70 ° C.

14. - Process for obtaining an organic soil composition according to claim 12, characterized in that the black soil and soil jal once mixed and ground have a particle size ranging from 0.003 inches to 1/16 of an inch.

15. - Process for obtaining an organic soil composition according to claim 12, characterized in that the incorporated fiber is selected from coconut fiber or agave fiber.

16. - Process for obtaining an organic soil composition according to claim 12, characterized in that the added organic sterilized fertilizer is guano and the moisture retainer is a polymer and the added organic bacteria is one of many Agro-Friendly bacteria.

17. - Process for obtaining an organic soil composition according to claim 17, characterized in that the polymer is obtained from corn starch, acrylonitrile, potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid.

18. - Process for obtaining an organic soil composition according to claim 17, characterized in that the sterilized guano and the added polymer and Agro-Friendly bacteria are added by spraying. SUMMARIZES The present invention relates to the substrates and compositions used in the reproduction and cultivation of plants. More specifically it is referred to an organic soil composition and the process of obtaining it, characterized the composition by consisting of a mixture of products consisting of black soil, soil jal (ground pumice), a fiber, a compound fertilizer fertilizer organic derivative and a moisture retainer Agro-Friendly bacteria added v the process for obtaining the composition of organic soil characterized by comprising the steps of: a first mixing and grinding of black soil with soil jal and adding coconut or agave fiber , a second mix where the sterilized guano and the polymer and the Agro-Friendly bacteria are also added by sprinkling and finally a third mixing.