LU83863A1 - PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS AND PARTS FOR A QUICK ASSEMBLY OF BUILDINGS AND MASONRY WORKS - Google Patents

Description

-1- The invention relates to prefabricated elements and parts intended for rapid assembly of buildings and masonry structures in general.

Prefabricated elements are already known according to structures, 5 different for producing buildings, in particular with a single floor or, in any case, of limited height. The assembly of these elements allows not only the rapid and economical construction of a building, but also a rapid disassembly thereof and easy transport to transfer the = elements from one place to another. These elements are sought for many reasons, but in particular for economic reasons which i.

however rarely allow an aesthetic diversification of the building.

In most of the cases, these elements are however sought when emergency cases arise, that is to say when it is all the more necessary to install buildings quickly following a disaster. 15 natural phes, such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, etc. . Even in these cases, the building thus produced has a provisional character which is not very functional and an unattractive appearance which results from the particular structure of the assembly elements and from the fact that it is not possible to develop the building in height. This requires the exploitation of a larger area and the use of a considerable number of prefabricated units.

The present invention therefore proposes to produce prefabricated elements for construction, that is to say for the assembly of buildings or masonry in general, which allow a much faster and more functional assembly and , therefore, more economical, in particular with regard to the time required for assembly, and which offer the possibility of developing the building in height by obtaining its stability, not only more reliable than that obtained with prefabricated elements traditional, but equal to that obtained in buildings that are built on site. It is thus possible to considerably reduce the occupation of the surface of the ground and to space the buildings within very vast limits while executing the construction projects, while respecting the modular design of the elements in order to satisfy the different tastes 1:

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»_ · -2- many users.

The invention therefore produces prefabricated elements in the form of plinths, beams, housing parts, stairs, roofs, pillars and panels comprising a base which makes them statically independent, all of these elements being provided with particular profiles and specific structures in order to allow the assembly of a building with one - or more floors, the stability of the building being ensured, as the case may be, by the weight of the elements themselves and / or by means of strengthen? surround made during assembly.

^ According to the invention, the quickest and easiest assembly is carried out in the case of a construction of limited height, that is to say in the case where the stability of the building can be due solely to the weight clean of the prefabricated elements. It will then suffice to carry out earthwork to place the prefabricated plinths according to the invention therein, and successively install the prefabricated parts one on top of the other, as described below.

The prefabricated baseboards according to the invention, which are intended to be placed at the ends of the building, have a lower part with a traditional profile. Above the base, an upper part of profile 20 for example quadrangular carries an extension of the same profile, but of reduced section. This extension has a blind hole in the center.

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The plinths to be placed between the ends of the building have a larger surface. From their lower part, with a traditional profile, protrude two extensions of identical profile to that described above * s 25 in order to allow the positioning of adjacent housing parts. The plinths thus arranged are connected by beams, according to the invention, which have been described below.

The prefabricated beams according to the invention are made of reinforced concrete or, depending on the circumstances, also of different materials such as wood or mixed materials. The beams have at their ends a notched part provided with an opening having the same 4 profile and the same dimension as those of the extension of the dry plinth --- reduced j · ^ tion. The notched ends of two beams aligned or arranged Γ -3- at an edge are superimposed by symmetrical opposition of the notched parts and, then, hung on the extension of the plinth with reduced section.

The horizontal surface of the upper part of the plinth, of upper section, serves as a support. This produces a frame represented by the beams 5 supported by the baseboards. The building frame is located at a certain height from the ground, thus ensuring good insulation.

~. On this frame represented by the beams and the plinths, as described above, the prefabricated elements serving as housing parts are placed and, on these, the prefabricated parts 10 acting as roof, or roof are placed directly with attic. These elements can also be made of reinforced concrete with a metal frame incorporated in the concrete, or alternatively, of different materials. The accommodation parts can be provided, in correspondence with the edges, of pillars of reduced section incorporated in the walls. These pillars incorporated pre-.15 feel at the lower end an extension of section smaller than that of the body of the pillar, the dimension of which is equal to that of the blind holes made in the plinths, in order to be introduced therein. At the other end, the pillars have a blind hole into which said extension of the part to be superimposed will be introduced. The function of these pillars of reduced section, incorporated in the walls, is only to better hang the upper part on the lower part. The prefabricated elements in the form of housing, roof, mansard roof, are provided with pillars as described above only when they are used in - constructions whose height is limited. The self-weight of the superimposed prefabricated elements • t 25 and the hooking obtained by the introduction of said extensions into said blind holes ensure the stability of the building.

Still according to the invention, it is possible to raise the building according to the same process as that described above. In this case, it is also possible to provide aesthetic variants to a second floor, such as the addition of one or more balconies, or a terrace, etc. . . always using prefabricated elements according to the invention.

The parts to be superimposed can also be provided with "-4-" and incorporated pillars corresponding to the edges of the walls. These pillars are the same as those described above; they have blind holes on one side, into which the extensions of reduced section of the upper part are introduced and, on the other side, extensions which must be introduced into the corresponding blind holes of the lower part. Of course, one can reverse the position of the blind holes and extensions by providing the first below the part and the second above it. The adjacent walls of the parts can be connected by means of flanges or cleats to obtain better stability. Regarding the addition of a terrace, this can be achieved by using the plinths according to the invention, as described, pillars of the same shape as those which are incorporated in the walls , but prefabricated separately, and a floor which has, in correspondence with its corners, openings, or extensions, for hanging on the pillars. These pillars can also, depending on the embodiment described, be made of reinforced concrete or else of different materials, as the case may be. It has already been specified that the stability of the building can, depending on the case, be ensured only by the support of the upper parts on the lower parts, or it can be better ensured by providing the pillars incorporated <10 in the walls and the holes. blinds practiced in the pillars, for a more solid attachment.

According to the invention, the prefabricated elements in the form of housing parts, staircases, roofs, can be produced according to complete parts or else according to part portions. The walls, or portions of 25 p4roi, are generally made of concrete with an incorporated metal frame, but they can also be made, as the case may be, of different materials. The floor is made in one piece with the walls and has round bars crossed in concrete, which are hooked to the round bars of another portion of the floor belonging to another portion of the room, the gaps between these portions of parts being filled with concrete. The stability of the floor comes naturally, for the most part, from the walls which are made in one piece with the floor. jjThe walls of rooms or parts of rooms have openings ί -5- such as doors, windows, etc. . carried out during the very prefabrication of these.

According to the invention, it is necessary to considerably improve the stability of the building when it is developed in height, that is to say that it is necessary to better connect the prefabricated elements used. The frame is. always prepared with prefabricated plinths according to the invention. The plinths are hung together by means of prefabricated beams according to the invention. In this embodiment, the baseboards have, however, above their traditional base, an extension of quadrangular section, from which protrude the round irons of its frame. At the ends of the beams, round irons of the frame also protrude inside the opening which is used for hanging and which has the same dimension as that of the extension of the plinth. The round bars of the beam are hooked to the round bars of the plinth. The room, or part of the room, has on its corners openings in the floor, the shape and size of which are the same as those of the openings made in the beams attached to the lower plinths which project the round irons of the frame.

The part, or the part portion, at the corners of which said openings are provided, is thus superimposed on the lower frame so that the round bars of the baseboard frame pass through the openings provided at the corners of the floor. After having thus superimposed the part on the frame, the round irons are extended vertically until somewhat exceeding the level v of the upper part, so that the irons can protrude beyond * the floor. The formwork is successively placed around the irons to build the reinforced concrete pillars according to the traditional process.

To make the upper floor, we have prefabricated beams according to the invention by passing round bars, which project from the pillars previously made, through the notched openings and pressing them on the surfaces of the upper part of the plinth. The round irons of the beams are hooked to the round irons of the pillars and the upper part is superimposed in the same way as the lower part was placed on the frame. We extend the round bars of the pillar to a certain distance beyond the level Ι of the floor of this room and we lay out the formwork to build the new pillar.

-6- It is thus possible to limit the framework and the constructions on site to the pillars of the building, while any other part of it can be mounted in the form of prefabricated elements.

Another prefabricated element provided by the invention is produced under the. form of panel having a base which makes it statically independent. One possible embodiment of these panels comprises a vertical panel made in one piece with a horizontal base, so that the panel can maintain its upright position by its own weight.

Either the vertical part or the base of the panel have cut 10 * sides which allow the panels to be hooked together, giving stability to the assembly. Another possible embodiment of these elements is obtained by two vertical panels which are joined at their upper part by a horizontal plane. In this case also the panel retains its static position thanks to its own weight. Along the two .15 vertical sides of the panel, notches are provided, which allow the elements to be hooked together. Another embodiment of these elements is obtained by a vertical panel which has an upper and lower horizontal plane, each of these planes forming on one side of the panel an angle of 90 ° therewith. All these panels can thus be kept in their upright position only by their own weight. They can therefore be used particularly in the construction of halls, or swimming pools, or as partitions or enclosures. They thus make it possible to move them very quickly, at any time, to obtain different locations * of offices or stores.

25 - The advantages provided by the present invention therefore essentially consist in the possibility of quickly and easily realizing any kind of building, even on several floors, by using almost exclusively completely prefabricated elements, which brings a considerable saving of manpower. and Burface occupied. Any architect can in this way look after the constructions to be built, while respecting the modular design of the structures.

, We have described below, by way of nonlimiting examples, forms

If preferred embodiments according to the invention, it being clearly specified that other l · * -f ·:? -7- shapes, proportions and arrangements could be adopted without departing from the scope of the invention. During this description, reference is made to the attached drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a front view, in section, of a one-story building 5 made with prefabricated elements according to the invention, in the form of plinths, beams and housing and roof parts; * Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of the building according to Figure 1; Figures 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, are axonometric views of some details of the beams, a plinth and incorporated pillars, as well as an arrangement thereof forming the building frame; Figure 4 is a perspective view of an already assembled part of the building according to Figure 1, with parts still to be assembled which are shown in an axonometric exploded view; Figure 5 is a sectional front view of a two-storey building made with prefabricated elements according to the invention; Figure 6 is a detail view of a room according to the invention, with representation of the structure of the floor and the walls; FIG. 7 represents a detail on a larger scale, showing the attachment of the prefabricated elements contained in the circle of FIG. 4; Figures 8, 9 and 10 are plan views of some prefabricated elements in the form of housing, according to the invention; * Figure 11 is a front sectional view of a multi-storey building made with prefabricated elements according to the invention; Figure 12 is an enlarged axonometric view of a detail of two prefabricated beams according to the invention, attached to the vertical pillar, with the round bars which project inside the openings at the ends of the beams and the pillar; Figure 13 is an enlarged sectional view of a detail, contained in the circle of Figure 11, of a prefabricated part hung according to the invention to the beams and the pillar; and Figures 14, 15 and 16 are axonometric views of some embodiments of the panels according to the invention.

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In Figures 1 and 2 there is shown, in front view and in section, a single-storey building which must be made only with prefabricated elements according to the invention and whose stability is ensured exclusively by their own weight .

5 In FIG. 3a, we recognize the quadrangular extension 2 of • t the plinth 1 according to the invention, with the upper part 3 of reduced section, in which the blind hole was made 4. The reference S indicates the surface on which a beams is supported.

FIG. 3b shows the end of a beam 5 according to the invention 10 with the quadrangular opening 6 having the same dimension as the upper part 3 of the extension 2 and with the round bars 7 of its frame.

Figure 3c shows a pillar 8 of reduced section incorporated along the edge of two walls of a room (Figure 6), with the extension 9 of section equal to that of the blind hole 4 of the upper part 3 of the - 15 plinth 1.

Figure 3 shows the assembly of the aforementioned elements that form the construction frame. The part in phantom 5a of the beam 5 indicates that the latter, which is supported between two plinths, can be as long as the length of a housing part. In this case, the beam 20 has openings 6 positioned at a distance from one another such that the extensions 9 can be introduced there between a plinth and the other.

In Figure 4 we see how the building to be constructed is still composed of elements A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. We see that some of these elements were prefabricated with openings forming doors, 25 »Windows, arches, etc. . and also with openings for the passage of the chimney and for the entry in the attic. We also see the extensions and blind holes of the pillars incorporated in the housing parts, for the reciprocal attachment of the elements.

FIG. 5 shows in front view a two-storey building which has been made with prefabricated elements according to the invention as explained above. In this figure we notice that a plinth 1 supports! by embedding one of the prefabricated pillars M which, in turn, supports the prefabricated floor N of the terrace. The assembly of the terrace takes place

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/ »-9- in the same way as the building assembly.

Figure 6 illustrates a detail of a room or part of a room.

We recognize the floor 10 made with crossed round bars 11, as well as the walls 12 made with a metal frame 12a and concrete.

5 We also see the built-in pillar 8 with the blind hole 4 for hanging the part to be superimposed.

In Figure 7 we recognize the support of two parts 15, 16 upper i *. two two rooms 17, 18 lower which are placed on a plinth of the building. In this case the stability of the building is ensured only 10 · by the weight of the pieces superimposed on each other. The parts can be simply supported one on the other, but it is also possible to provide between them a layer 19 of concrete. The walls can be attached to each other by means of studs 20, as seen in the drawing. It should be noted that, in principle, all the pre-fabricated elements can be made even of different materials, such as, for example, wood or mixed materials. We will choose the variant as appropriate, while respecting the modular structure design.

Figures 8, 9, 10, there are shown different parts with omission of the incorporated pillars and openings. The room can even be made with a ceiling 21, according to FIG. 9. The openings, such as doors, windows, etc., are prefabricated. The parts can be complete or split as appropriate.

FIG. 11 is a front view, in section, of a multi-storey building. We recognize the upper parts 2, 2 ′ of the plinths and the very large 5 - 5 which form the frame, as well as the beams 5 "which connect the pillars to each floor. The plinth which supports the upper part 2" has a larger dimension than that of the plinth which supports the upper part 2, since this plinth must support the support of two parts 22, 22 'adjacent (and superimposed parts). Between these parts is provided a free inter-stice 23 which provides reciprocal insulation. We see that the floor 10! of each room is supported on the beam 5, respectively 5'. We have indicated by the reference 24 the round irons which project from the part i "j, upper 2 of the plinths 1; these irons are successively extended into." /

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i \ f -10- height after having been hooked to the irons 7 which protrude from the beams 5, respectively 5 ′, inside the openings provided at the ends of these (Figure 12). All around the irons 24 the formwork 24 'is placed and the concrete is poured there after having hooked the irons 24 to the irons 7 of the beams. 5 The enlarged detail according to FIG. 13 shows the parts having openings 26 in the floor and precisely in correspondence with the attachment points with the beams, to allow the irons 24 to protrude somewhat beyond the level of the beams and d 'be attached to the extensions of these irons 24 for the subsequent pouring of concrete. Still 10- in FIG. 13, reference 6 also indicates the pre-✓ "v openings seen at the ends of the beams for attachment to the reinforced concrete pillar. The reference 11 designates the round irons of the floor of the room.

FIGS. 14, 15, 16 finally show different embodiments of the panels 27, 28, 29 according to the invention, with a base which makes them statically independent. Along the vertical parts 30, 30 ′ of the panels 27 and 28 and of the sides of the base 31, respectively of the sides of the upper plane 32 of the panel 28, notches 33, 33 respectively 34 are provided for the reciprocal attachment of the panels . The panel 29 according to FIG. 16 has been provided without cuts.

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Claims (14)

1. Prefabricated elements and parts intended for rapid assembly of buildings and masonry in general, characterized in that they include plinths (1), beams (5, 5 '), 5 housing parts (A, B, C, G), staircase (L), roof (D, E, F, H), pillars (M), floors (N) and panels (27, 28, 29) provided with a base which makes them statically independent, all these elements being provided with particular profiles and specific structures in order to allow the assembly of a building with one or more floors, the stability of the building / 0 being ensured, according to the case, by the self-weight of the elements themselves and / or by reinforcing means produced during assembly. 2. Prefabricated elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the plinths (1) are made with a traditional base and in that they have, above this base, in one piece with it, an extension (2) of quadrangular section, extended at its upper part by a quadrangular section (3), of reduced section, in which a central blind hole (4) has been provided. 3. Prefabricated elements according to claim 2, characterized in that the plinths (1) are made with a traditional base and in that they have, above this base, in one piece with it, an extension (2 ') having a larger surface than that of the upper extension (2), which is also extended at the top, in one piece, forming two sections of quadrangular section, located at a certain distance. each other, in each of which a central blind hole (4) 25 is provided. 4. Prefabricated elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the plinths (l) are made with a traditional base and in that they have, above this base, in one piece with it, an extension of quadrangular section from which round irons protrude (24). 30 5) Prefabricated elements according to one of claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the plinths are made with a traditional base and in that they have, above this base, in one piece with \ j; it, an extension (2 ') having a wider surface with respect to - r'. \ -12- extension (2), from which protrude two round iron frames (24) located at a certain distance from each other. 6. Prefabricated elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams (5, 5 ') are made of reinforced concrete and have, in correspondence of each of the ends, notches (6') of equal size which are provided with quadrangular openings (6) of dimension equal to that of the section (3), and round irons (7) which do not protrude inside said openings (6). 7. Prefabricated elements according to claim 6, characterized A0 in that the beams (5, 5 ') are made of suitable material, for example wood, or mixed materials. 8. Prefabricated elements according to claim 6, characterized in that the round bars (7) of the beams (5, 5 ') protrude inside the openings (6). 15 9) Prefabricated elements according to claim 1, characterized in that they are produced in the form of housing parts (A, B, C, G), stairs (L) and roof (D, E, F, H), these parts being able to be complete or divided into portions with a reinforced concrete floor and the walls of which are made with a metal frame (12a) incorporated in the concrete, while along the edges formed by two walls, pillars (8) of reduced section are incorporated in the prefabricated element and have, below, or above, an extension, and above (or below), "a blind hole of equal section and size l to one another as well as to the dimensions of the section (3) and to those of the blind hole (4) thereof. 10) Prefabricated elements according to claim 9, characterized in that the accommodation parts (A, B, C, G), staircase (L) and roof (D, E, F, H) are produced without the pillars (8) incorporated in said elements. 11. Prefabricated elements according to one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the housing parts (A, B, C, G), staircase (L) and roof 30 (D, E, F, H ) are made of wood or any suitable mixed material. 12. Prefabricated elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the pillars (M) are made of reinforced concrete or any suitable material • with quadrangular section or of predetermined shape, these pillars h having at one of their ends an extension of lower section -13- and respectively at the other end a blind hole, which are provided * for hanging with a blind hole (4) and respectively with a section (3) of a plinth, or a pillar (8) incorporated in a room (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, L) ”or a floor (N). 5 13) Prefabricated elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the floors (N) are made of reinforced concrete or any suitable material, and in that they have in their angles of the extensions suitable for hanging in openings made in one or more elements (M), (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, L) or (3). 1Ό 14) Prefabricated elements according to claim 1, characterized · in that the panels (27, 28) are provided with a base which makes them statically independent, in that they have notches (33, 33 ') and respectively (34), which are used for hanging the panels together, in that all the panels (27, 28, 29) are made of reinforced concrete or of a suitable material which in any case ensures their position independent static. 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