LT6845B - Method of manufacture of granular compound fertilizers with microbiological preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

A patented composition is granular compound fertilizer with a microbiological preparation and its production method, in which the mixture of fertilizer components is moistened with acidified water in a mixer, heated with water vapor, the microbiological component is fed to the back of the mixer, then the mixture is fed to the granulator, then dried in a dryer, fractionated in the first sieve, the small part of the granulated product is returned to the mixer of the initial mixture, the rest is cooled in the cooler, fractionated in the second sieve, the frontl part is delivered to the warehouse, the small part is returned to the original mixer in the second sieve, the large part is comminuted in a shredder and fractionated again in a second sieve. Bacillus sp bacteria are used as a microbiological preparation.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention belongs to the granular compound fertilizer industry and is used for the production of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) compound fertilizers with secondary nutrients and microelements and microbiological preparations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A method for the production of compound fertilizers (CN20071098405) is known, in which Bacillus bacteria are used for the production of a microbial composition by mixing them with lignite and fermenting them. The resulting powder is mixed with fertilizer. These fertilizers are sufficiently specialized to reduce the diseases of fertilized plants and are most suitable for tobacco fertilization. The concentration of nutrients and their ratio are not specified. The use of these fertilizers is intended for a small group of plants.

A production method (EP3085679) is described in which granular fertilizers are sprayed with Rhizobium leguminosarum bacteria. This method reduces the strength of the fertilizer granules, increases the moisture and the likelihood of their settling during storage.

Known production method (CN20061086924) for the production of biological inorganic / organic fertilizers using potassium sulphate, urea, monoammonium phosphate, bentonite, humic acid, a microbiological agent and a powder of calcium compounds. Fertilizers of such compounds contain beneficial active bacteria that release phosphorus and potassium in the soil, facilitating their uptake by plants.

The disadvantage of this method is that the well-defined amount of NPK compounds used greatly reduces the choice of raw materials and the regulation of the nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium ratio in fertilizers. This reduces the possibility of fertilizing different plants at different times of their growing season.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The composition and production method of granular compound fertilizers with a microbiological preparation are patented. The composition of the compound granular fertilizer comprises a mixture of mineral components containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and it also comprises a microorganism of the Bacillus strain, which is a bacterium of Bacillus subtilis.

Fosfix or a similar preparation, which is introduced before the granulation step, is used as a source of Bacillus sp.

Bacteria Bacillus sp. replaces difficult-to-absorb phosphorus compounds and phosphates in the soil into forms available to the plant. Bacteria also synthesize substances: thiamine, pridoxin, biotin, pantothetic and nicotinic acid, and others.

Bacteria Bacillus sp. when released into the soil, releases phosphorus from inaccessible forms to plants such as calcium, iron and aluminum phosphates, which are thus converted to phosphorus available to plants. This increases the availability of phosphorus to plants. Bacillus subtilis restores the natural phytosanitary properties of the soil and strengthens plant immunity.

The concentration of said microorganism in the composition is> 10 ⁹ CFU / ml. According to the examples below, the concentration of the microorganism in the fertilizer composition in a particular case is only after the production of 2.3 χ 10 ⁷ , after 2 months. 1.14 χ 10 ⁷ , after 4 months. 1.12 χ 10 ⁷ , after 8 months. 1.6 χ 10 ⁸ CFU / kg.

In addition to the above components, the composition additionally contains calcium, magnesium, sulfur, trace elements and natural minerals and industrial waste selected from ash, defecate, cement dust, potassium mineral processing waste.

Another embodiment of the invention describes a process for the preparation of a composite granular fertilizer composition, in which the bulk fertilizer components are mixed in a mixer, moistened with acidic water and / or water vapor, a microbiological preparation, granulated in a granulator, dried in a dryer, fractionated in a fine fraction. mixer in front of the granulator, cool the commercial fraction in a cooler and condition, moisten the components in the mixer with acidified water and heat with water vapor, feed the microbiological preparation to the back of the mixer and start granulation, then feed the mixture to the granulator and spray with water. , then dried in a dryer, fractionated in the first sieve, the fine part of the granulated product is returned to the mixer of the initial mixture, the rest is cooled in a cooler, fractionated in the second sieve, the commercial part of the product is delivered to the warehouse, small part return to the blender of the initial mixture, grind the bulk in a shredder and fractionate again in a second sieve.

The microbiological preparation is introduced into the back of the mixer before the granulation step, the amount of which is up to 10 kg / 1 t of fertilizer.

The temperature of the components during mixing in the mixer and in the granulator shall not exceed 70 ° C.

A mixture of components of a compound granular fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, which may contain calcium, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements, prepared from organic and inorganic compounds, may be waste from industrial production.

DRAWINGS fig. the technological scheme of the production of compound granular fertilizers is shown

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Composite granular fertilizers are produced as shown in the technological scheme.

The components of the compound granular fertilizer from the hoppers (1) are weighed with scales (2) and mechanical feeders (3,5) are fed by an elevator (4) to a mixer (6) where it is sprayed with acidified water, heated with water vapor and a microbiological preparation is fed to the back of the mixer. and begins to granulate. The granulation is completed in the granulator (7) by further spraying with acidified water. The obtained fertilizer is dried in the dryer (8) with the combustion gas supplied from the furnace (9). The compound granular fertilizer is lifted by an elevator (10) to the first sieve (11), from which the separated fine fraction is returned to the mixer of the initial mixture (6), and the rest is cooled in a cooler (12), then fractionated in a second sieve (13). supplies to the warehouse or before storage is conditioned with quality-improving substances, the fine fraction is returned to the mixer of the initial mixture (6), the coarse fraction is ground in a shredder (14), and fractionated again in a sieve (13). If industrial waste or other minerals are to be added to the fertilizer produced, their raw material is loaded into hoppers (1).

The technical characteristics of compound granular fertilizers can be determined in the following ways:

nitrogen mass,% photocolorimetric, formaldehyde, Kjeldahl;

mass of phosphorus, per cent - photocolorimetric;

potassium mass, per cent - flame photometer;

Ca, Mg mass, per cent - complexonometric;

mass of sulfur, per cent - gravimetric;

mass of microelements, per cent - atomic absorption analyzes;

pH - pH meter;

fraction size, per cent - sieving with braided sieves;

granule strength, N / gran. - with a special meter;

bacterial count, CFU / kg - microbiological analyzes.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by examples.

The granulometric composition of composite granular fertilizers and physicochemical properties of the commercial fraction (pH of 10 percent fertilizer solution, granule strength, granule moisture) are presented in Table 1.

example

Produces composite granular 8-20-30 brand fertilizers containing sulfur.

The components were mixed in the following order: 495.4 g of potassium chloride, 84.5 g of ammonium sulphate, 251.8 g of diammonium phosphate and 161.8 g of monoammonium phosphate. The mixture is moistened with acidified water, the water is heated to 70 ° C by steam. It is then dried at about 60 [deg.] C., fractionated, cooled and fractionated again. Determines the characteristics of the product.

These fertilizers contain 8 percent. nitrogen, 20 percent. phosphorus pentoxide, 30 percent. potassium oxide and about 2 percent. sulfur.

example

Produces composite granular 17-6-11-14 (S) brand fertilizers.

The components were mixed in the following order: 589.7 g of ammonium sulphate, 58.0 g of urea, 128.2 g of diammonium phosphate, 183.3 g of potassium chloride, 29.9 g of sand, 197.0 g of clay and 3 g of microbiological preparation. The fertilizer is produced in the same way as in Example 1. Determines the characteristics of the product.

These fertilizers contain 17 percent. nitrogen, 6 percent. phosphorus pentoxide, 11 percent. potassium oxide and 14 percent. sulfur.

example

Produces composite granular fertilizers of 5-15-30 brands.

The components are mixed in the following order: 10.5 g ammonium sulphate, 179.1 g diammonium phosphate, 130.0 g monoammonium phosphate, 123.1 g potassium chloride, 542.0 g potassium electrolyte, 0.5 g zinc sulphate, 4.7 g of sand and 10.0 g of microbiological preparation. The fertilizer is produced as described in Example 1. Determines the characteristics of the product.

These fertilizers contain 5 percent. nitrogen, 15 percent. phosphorus pentoxide, 30 percent. potassium oxide.

example

Produces composite granular 8-24-24 brand fertilizers.

The components are mixed in the following order: 33.9 g of ammonium sulphate, 239.1 g of diammonium phosphate, 250.0 g of monoammonium phosphate, 396.7 g of potassium chloride, 76.2 g of sand and 2.0 g of microbiological preparation, 2 g of wax. Fertilizer is produced as in Example 1. Determines the characteristics of the product.

These fertilizers contain 8 percent. nitrogen, 24 percent. phosphorus pentoxide, 24 percent. potassium oxide.

example

Produces composite granular 7-20-28 brand fertilizers.

The components are mixed in the following order: 49.3 g of ammonium sulphate, 186.1 g of diammonium phosphate, 220.0 g of monoammonium phosphate, 462.8 g of potassium chloride, 77.8 g of sand and 4.0 g of microbiological preparation. Fertilizer is produced as in Example 1. Determines the characteristics of the product.

These fertilizers contain 7%. nitrogen, 20 percent. phosphorus pentoxide, 28 percent. potassium oxide.

table. Qualitative indicators of compound granular fertilizers.

Example Moisture of the mixture,% Product granules size Product moisture,% ΡΗ Granule strength, N / gran. > 5 mm 2-5 mm <2 mm 1 4.85 0.75 74.27 24.98 2.22 6.1 35.5 2 6.77 6.24 55.68 38.08 0.78 5.9 47.2 3 5.04 2.18 81.44 16.38 2.87 5.4 55.3 4 7.95 2.65 66.78 30.57 2.55 6.2 33.2 5 6.55 1.12 84.82 14.06 1.98 5.8 39.5

Example 1 g of compound granular fertilizers of grades 7-20-28 is dissolved in 100 ml of sterile 0.9 per cent. in saline and serial dilutions (10 ' ¹ , 10' ² , 10 ' ³ , 10 ~ ⁴ , 10' ⁵ , 10 ' ⁶ , 10' ⁷ ) are performed. Transfer the last two samples to petri dishes with nutrient medium and spread evenly with a Drigalski spatula. Incubate the plates in a thermostat at 30 ° C for 24 hours. After incubation, the number of CFU (colony forming units) is estimated.

Such tests were performed only after the production of fertilizers and then every 2 months. The following number of colony forming units, CFU / kg was obtained:

only after production of 2.3 χ 10 ⁷ , after 2 months. 1.14 χ 10 ⁷ , after 4 months. 1.12 χ 10 ⁷ , after 8 months. 1.6 χ 10 ⁸ .

Patented fertilizers with a microbiological preparation have good physicochemical properties, retain bacterial activity for a long time, increase the uptake of phosphorus and potassium in the soil. This method consumes acidic water from the cleaning of dust and gas generated during the technological process, reduces environmental pollution and uses various industrial wastes, such as potassium salt processing waste, ash, etc.

Claims (12)

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION A composition of a compound granular fertilizer comprising a mixture of mineral components comprising nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, characterized in that it comprises a microorganism of the Bacillus strain. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the microorganism is Bacillus subtilis. 3. The composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the microorganism in the composition is> 10 ⁹ CFU / ml. 4. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concentration of the microorganism in the composition is preferably only after the production of 2.3 χ 10 ⁷ , after 2 months. 1.14 χ 10 ⁷ , after 4 months. 1.12 χ 10 ⁷ , after 8 months. 1.6 χ 10 ⁸ CFU / kg. 5. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising calcium, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements. 6. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it may optionally additionally contain natural minerals and industrial waste selected from ash, defecate, cement dust, potassium mineral processing waste. A process for the preparation of a compound granular fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bulk fertilizer components are mixed in a mixer, moistened with acidic water and / or water vapor, a microbiological preparation, granulated in a granulator, dried in a sieve, fractionated in a fine fraction. the drying is returned to the mixer in front of the granulator, the commercial fraction is cooled in a cooler and conditioned, characterized in that during mixing the components the microbiological preparation is fed to the rear part of the mixer by moistening with acidified water and water vapor heating and granulation is started, then the mixture is fed to the granulator. acidified water and heated with steam, then dried in a dryer, fractionated in the first sieve, the fine part of the granulated product is returned to the mixer of the initial mixture, the rest is cooled in a cooler, fractionated in the second sieve, the commercial part is delivered to the warehouse, fine d return the aliquot to the blender of the initial mixture, grind the bulk in a shredder and fractionate again in a second sieve. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the microbiological preparation is Bacillus sp. 9. The method according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that Bacillus sps are introduced into the back of the mixer before the granulation step. 10. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the amount of microbiological preparation is up to 10 kg / 1 t of fertilizer. Process according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the temperature of the components during mixing in the mixer and in the granulator does not exceed 70 ° C. 12. A process according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the mixture of compound granular fertilizers comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements, inorganic and organic compounds, and may optionally contain natural minerals and industrial waste.