JPH08277185A - Granulated gelatin-containing fertilizer and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a gelatin-containing fertilizer improved in granulativity and productivity by blending fertilizer component(s) with dry microbes and gelatin and/or a decomposition product of gelatin extraction residues followed by granulation. CONSTITUTION: First, animal skin or bone is subjected to extraction with water at 45-80 deg.C three to five times to obtain collagen which is then dried into gelatin. Secondly, the gelatin and/or a decomposition product of gelatin extraction residues is blended with other fertilizer component(s) and 5-50wt.% of dry microbes fol-towed by granulation, thus obtaining the objective granulated gelatin-contg. fertilizer. This fertilizer is applied at such a level as to be 10-150g/m<2> .

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is an organic fertilizer made from gelatin and a decomposition product of gelatin extraction residue, which is used as various agricultural and horticultural fertilizers.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hydrogen is generally used for plant growth,
16 elements are required: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, chlorine. Of these, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen are required in large amounts, but it is not necessary to artificially give them as fertilizer by replenishing them from the air or water. On the other hand, nitrogen is said to be a fertilizer together with phosphate and potassium for producing chlorophyll, enzymes, plant hormones, etc. in addition to proteins, which are the main components of cells forming plants.

In recent years, with the advance of petrochemicals, fertilization mainly on chemical fertilizers has been carried out, and the use amount of organic fertilizers and fertilizers containing organic substances has decreased. However, since fertilization biased toward such chemical fertilizers causes a decline in soil fertility,
Recently, organic fertilizers or organic fertilizers have been receiving attention. The active ingredient of organic fertilizers is mainly nitrogen, and as a typical one of them, animal organic fertilizers such as fish debris, meat debris, bone meal, hoof horn meal, leather meal, rapeseed oil debris, soybean oil debris, etc. Known plant-based organic fertilizers such as cottonseed oil dregs, waste-based organic fertilizers such as dried fungi and sludge.

[0004] Organic substances such as gelatin, which is an animal organic substance, and a decomposition product of gelatin extraction residue, include amino acids having a remarkable fertilizing effect, such as proline, glycine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. However, these organics are granulated,
That is, it is extremely difficult to form particles having a substantially uniform shape and size using a granular, lumpy, or solution-like raw material.
Specifically, with fertilizers, it is necessary to obtain fine spherical particles having a particle size distribution of about 0.5 to 5.0 mm in good yield.

The purpose of such granulation is to improve the handling at each stage of production, distribution, storage and use by improving the fluidity, to improve the physical properties, particularly hygroscopicity, and to save the labor of mixing and using simple fertilizer. It is used to improve the uniformity of spraying and spraying, adjust the elution of fertilizer components, and prevent environmental pollution due to scattering. For this reason, most of the compound fertilizers are currently granulated in some form.

[0006] Such granulation methods generally include agitation granulation, transfer granulation, fluidized granulation, extrusion granulation in the wet particle expansion type, compression molding in the dry granulation expansion type, and crushing in the particle reduction type. There is granulation. When selecting the granulation method and granulation model, it is necessary to consider the properties of the product, the throughput, and the properties of the raw materials.

Conventionally, as a raw material which is difficult to granulate, a binder such as agar, dextran, starch, CMC, PVA, clay and slaked lime is added or water is added as a carrier for humidity. However, the effect of these granulation aids is extremely low in fertilizers containing gelatin or a decomposition product of gelatin as the main component. The granulation property may be slightly improved by adding a large amount of these granulation aids, but this is not generally practical with inexpensive fertilizers, and the persistence of the added drug to plants mediated by soil, plant Granulation aids that can be used are limited in terms of safety such as oral toxicity through the body. In addition, the main component of fertilizer consisting of gelatin and gelatin extract residue decomposition products has high hygroscopicity, and once it absorbs moisture, it shows high adhesiveness (the main component is also used as an adhesive). Then, there is a problem that the whole is hardened like a dango. The evaluation items of such a granulated product include particle size, particle size distribution, hardness, water content, apparent specific gravity, hygroscopicity, caking property, and angle of repose, and all of them must be satisfied.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to obtain a manufacturing method having a high safety and improved granulation property.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has conducted extensive studies in view of the above circumstances, and as a result of various studies on granulation properties when gelatin was used as a fertilizer, the present invention was completed. I arrived. That is, the present invention provides a granulated gelatin-containing fertilizer containing gelatin and / or a gelatin extract residue decomposition product and dry cells. The present invention also provides a method for producing a granulated gelatin-containing fertilizer, which comprises adding dried cells to gelatin and / or a gelatin extract residue decomposed product for granulation. The fertilizer of the present invention has remarkably high granulating property.

In the present invention, gelatin used as a raw material for fertilizers and gelatin extract residue decomposed products may be used. Gelatin can be obtained by extracting collagen which is combined with animal skins and bones with warm water and drying it. In the gelatin extraction process, the temperature of hot water for extraction is usually 45 ° C to 80 ° C.
The temperature is gradually increased and is repeated 3 to 5 times. The gelatin used as the fertilizer of the present invention is extracted with high temperature water from the viewpoint of cost. In addition, the residue after such extraction further contains collagen, and a gelatin extract residue decomposition product is obtained by extraction with higher temperature hot water, hydrolysis, or decomposition with a proteolytic enzyme.

[0011] Gelatin or a decomposition product of gelatin extraction residue contains collagen protein as a main component and contains oil, fat, water,
Including Ca and the like. This collagen protein consists of amino acids such as glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, serine and valine in descending order of content, and the content of proline and hydroxyproline is higher than that of other proteins. Is high.

As described above, the raw materials for gelatin and the decomposition product of gelatin extract residue are derived from animals, and these contain amino acids important for plants. For example, in the body metabolism of paddy rice, proline is accumulated during flower bud formation and grain formation, and in plants such as eggplant that simultaneously undergo vegetative and reproductive growth, proline increases in the amino acid balance at the flower bud site, and C1
Experiments on the uptake of metabolic systems in the body using 4-labeled amino acids have revealed that a large amount of proline is taken up during the reproductive growth period.

As described above, gelatin or a decomposed product of gelatin extraction residue originally has a very excellent fertilizing component. When fertilized with gelatin or gelatin extract residue decomposition product, the protein of the active ingredient is gradually decomposed by bacteria in the ground, and a considerable part is absorbed by plants in the ammonia or nitric acid state. Fertilizers made from decomposed materials may be partially absorbed by amino acids or peptides. Mineralization test of gelatin extract residue degradation product extracted by proteolytic enzyme (measuring the amount of organic nitrogen compounds such as proteins contained in organic substances that are decomposed by the action of soil microorganisms to produce inorganic nitrogen compounds ammonia or nitric acid In comparison with a typical animal surficial fertilizer, steamed hoof horn powder, it was slightly larger in 1 week and almost the same in 2 weeks.

Further, compared with rapeseed meal, which is a typical plant organic fertilizer, it was slightly smaller in 1 week and almost the same in 2 weeks. In this way, the gelatin extract residue decomposed product has almost the same mineralization rate as steamed hoof horn powder or rapeseed meal, but there is a difference in fertilization effect because there is a part absorbed by amino acids or peptides. , This is thought to be the cause.

On the other hand, the dried bacterial cells used in the fertilizer of the present invention are those obtained by drying the bacterial cells of microorganisms, and the origins of the microorganisms are bacterial cells obtained by culture, defatted bacterial cells or nucleic acid-removed yeast, food industry. , Fungi obtained when effluent of pulp industry, gelatin industry or fermentation industry is treated with microbial treatment. A fertilizer that has a high active ingredient and can guarantee the amount of the ingredient corresponds to an ordinary fertilizer, which is a kind of waste organic fertilizer as described above. Also, those with low active ingredients that cannot be set to official standards are classified as special fertilizers. All are phthalminol (made by Sapporo Breweries Ltd.), giraffe dried microbial fertilizer No. 2 (made by Kirin Brewery Ltd.), dried microbial fertilizer (made by Oji Corn Starch Co., Ltd.), budding 6.0 dried microbial fertilizer ( Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.), Kyowa Dry Bacterial Fertilizer No. 1 (Kyowa Fermentation Co., Ltd.), 4.5 Katakura Mold Bacterial Fertilizer (Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.), Soil Power (Humakiller Co., Ltd.) Commercially available) and resuscitation (manufactured by (Bio) Sankei) and the like, and they are relatively inexpensive and easily available. In the present invention, since the dry cells are used as a granulation aid rather than a fertilizing component, the above-mentioned ordinary fertilizer,
Any special fertilizer may be used.

The amount of the dry cells used is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight of the main component gelatin or the decomposition product of gelatin extraction residue. In order to add the dry cells, it is preferable to premix with gelatin or a gelatin extract residue decomposed product and other fertilizing ingredients and then granulate.

It is not clear why the dry cells improve the granulating property of the fertilizer, but the dry cells serve as a carrier for the water necessary for granulation, and the dry cells have a structural property, so that the water content is reduced. Even if added, it does not seem to be dango-like as described above. In addition, fine particles of gelatin or gelatin extract residue decomposed product particles have a low bulk density and a high bulkiness (the volume reduction rate due to compression relative to the initial volume of the raw material powder), which makes it difficult to perform compression molding. A strong molded product is obtained and the moldability is improved by mixing the dried microbial cells.

The fertilizer of the present invention may be used as a simple fertilizer, or may be used in any form of a chemical fertilizer to which other fertilizing components are added and a chemical operation is performed. However, in the case of simple fertilizer, phosphoric acid and potassium content are insufficient among the three elements of fertilizer, so a chemical fertilizer to which this is added is generally preferable.

The fertilizer of the present invention can be used for various plants, but it is preferable to add other trace elements such as magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese and boron depending on the target plant.

The amount of fertilizer applied varies depending on the amount of fertilizer components in the land, the type of source fertilizer and the type of applied fertilizer, the type of plant to be applied, the season, etc., but it can usually be used in the range of 10 to 150 g / m ² . The standard amount used is 30 to 100 g / m ² .

[0021]

EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these. In Examples and Comparative Examples, “parts” means “parts by weight”.

[Example 1] A granulation raw material was prepared by mixing 100 parts of a gelatin extraction residue decomposition product taken out by decomposition with an alkaline protease with 34 parts of diammonium phosphate and 35 parts of potassium sulfate. 169 parts of this granulation raw material were dried cells (Kirin dried cell fertilizer No. 2, manufactured by Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd.) 2
5 parts were mixed and granulated using a screw type extrusion granulator (screw rotation speed 30 rpm, die diameter 10 mm). The raw material was discharged into a columnar shape after 10 minutes. This was pulverized with a crusher equipped with an 8-mesh screen to obtain a target granulated product.

[Comparative Example 1] Granulation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gelatin extract residue decomposed product used in Example 1 was used as it was. The raw material was discharged as it was without granulation.

Comparative Example 2 169 parts of the granulating raw material prepared in Example 1 was mixed with 10 parts of dextrin (average molecular weight 2300) as a granulating aid, and granulation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. It was The amount of fine powder of the raw material was reduced and it was partially solidified, but almost no granulated product was obtained. Even if the amount of dextrin added was increased to 20 parts, there was almost no difference in the results.

[Comparative Example 3] 169 parts of the granulating raw material prepared in Example 1 was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (average polymerization degree: 250).
0) 10 parts were mixed and granulated in the same manner as in Example 1. A part of the raw material was solidified, but almost no granulated product was obtained.

[Comparative Example 4] 169 parts of the granulating raw material prepared in Example 1 was mixed with 10 parts of slaked lime, and granulation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The raw material was not granulated at all and was discharged as it was.

[Comparative Example 5] 169 parts of the granulating raw material prepared in Example 1 was mixed with 15 parts of water, and granulation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The entire raw material solidified and the granulator stopped.

Example 2 A granulation raw material was prepared by mixing 100 parts of a gelatin extraction residue decomposed product taken out by decomposition with an alkaline protease with 34 parts of diammonium phosphate and 35 parts of potassium chloride. 169 parts of this granulation raw material was mixed with 10 parts of dried bacterial cells (revival, manufactured by Bio Sankei), and a roll press type compression granulator (compactor type, feeder rotation speed: 50 rpm, compression pressure: 4 t / cm, roller rotation number: 5 rpm) to produce flaky fertilizer. The obtained granulated product had a hard plate-like shape, was hard to break by hand, and contained a small amount of fine powder. Also, crush with a crusher with 8 mesh screen (granulator, cutter rotation speed 40 rpm), and further crush 8
The granulation efficiency (the ratio of the fertilizer having a product size of 8 to 20 mesh after the classification) was measured by classifying with a vibrating screen equipped with a mesh and a 20 mesh screen. The measurement was performed 10 times, and the average value of the granulation efficiency and the standard deviation were compared. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[Example 3] A flaky fertilizer was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the amount of the dry cells added was 20 parts. The obtained granulated product had a hard plate-like shape, was hard to break by hand, and contained a small amount of fine powder.

[Example 4] Flake-shaped fertilizer was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the amount of the dry cells added was 30 parts. The obtained granulated product had a hard plate-like shape, was hard to break by hand, and contained a small amount of fine powder.

[Comparative Example 6] A flaky fertilizer was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that dry cells were not added. The obtained product was plate-like and had a small amount of fine powder, but the hardness was insufficient.

[0032]

[Table 1] ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Granulation efficiency, dry cell mass ── ────────────────── Average (%) Standard deviation (%) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Example 2 10 parts 78.4 3.5 3.5 〃 3 20 parts 87.0 3.0 〃 4 30 parts 83.6 3.8 Comparative Example 6 None 40 .3 4.5 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Add such dry cells As a result, the granulation efficiency was remarkably improved, and it became possible to granulate gelatin-containing fertilizers industrially. The obtained granulated product had characteristics such as sufficient hardness, apparent specific gravity, and caking property, and even when cultivating Komatsuna using this fertilizer, there was no defect due to the dried cells.

[0033]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The gelatin-containing fertilizer of the present invention is improved in granulation property and productivity by adding dry cells as a granulation aid to gelatin or a decomposition product of gelatin extraction residue. The dried bacterial cells used are also preferable from the viewpoint of environmental protection.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A fertilizer containing granulated gelatin, which comprises gelatin and / or a decomposition product of a gelatin extraction residue and dried cells. 2. A method for producing a granulated gelatin-containing fertilizer, which comprises adding dried cells to gelatin and / or a decomposition product of a gelatin extraction residue and granulating.