CA2445075A1 - Method for the production of a material for the promotion of plant growth based on clay and rock powder and product obtained therewith - Google Patents
Method for the production of a material for the promotion of plant growth based on clay and rock powder and product obtained therewith Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2445075A1 CA2445075A1 CA 2445075 CA2445075A CA2445075A1 CA 2445075 A1 CA2445075 A1 CA 2445075A1 CA 2445075 CA2445075 CA 2445075 CA 2445075 A CA2445075 A CA 2445075A CA 2445075 A1 CA2445075 A1 CA 2445075A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cndot
- plant
- refinement
- period
- compost
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 20
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims 10
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims 5
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004476 plant protection product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009476 short term action Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004458 spent grain Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000036782 biological activation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a ground material, obtained by grinding mineral materials. Said ground material is mixed with matured compost and/or sludge, obtained by the elutriation of mature compost and is matured under controlle d conditions, in particular at a temperature limited to 60 ~C, for several wee ks or several months. During said maturing process, the mineral material decomposes and biological activation occurs by means of the micro-organisms (fungi etc.) that have formed during the activation phase. The product thus obtained has an improved action for promoting plant growth. In a preferred embodiment, a plant seed cultivation is carried out on the activated substrate, in particular a thin layer cultivation. The green matter that has been formed, in addition to the substrate with interspersed roots, can e.g. be ground to produce an enriched product. The advantages already offered by the activated product are demonstrated by the addition of the green matter that has formed to inactivated (41, 43, 46) and activated material (42, 44, 45).< /SDOAB>
Claims (22)
1. Method for the production of a material having a plant growth promoting effect, based on clay and/or rock powder (15), characterized in that clay and/or rock powder (CRP)(15) at least are mixed with a highly matured compost (1) and/or with a pulp obtained by elutriation of such compost, the mixture is stored in the form of heaps during an activation period and controlledly aerated while the temperature increase that is essentially due to the resulting biological activity is monitored and limited to a maximum value of approx. 60 °C in order to obtain a biologically activated mineral powder material.
2. Method according to claim l, characterized in that the activation period takes up to 3 months, preferably two and six weeks.
3. Method according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the temperature during the activation period is kept in the range of approx. 30 °C to approx. 60 °C.
4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that after an initial decrease of the temperature in the mixture to 35 °C, a new increase to a temperature higher than 35 °C is prevented.
5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixture of compost and CRP and/or pulp is supplemented with at least one of the following components:
~ brown coal;
~ plant residues, in particular highly nitrogenous legumes, grasses, herbs;
~ agricultural by-products;
~ by-products from the food industry, particularly highly nitrogenous spent grains, coffee grounds;
~ fully matured refined compost;
~ yeast;
~ algal products;
~ nutrients; and/or ~ substrates from mushroom production.
~ brown coal;
~ plant residues, in particular highly nitrogenous legumes, grasses, herbs;
~ agricultural by-products;
~ by-products from the food industry, particularly highly nitrogenous spent grains, coffee grounds;
~ fully matured refined compost;
~ yeast;
~ algal products;
~ nutrients; and/or ~ substrates from mushroom production.
6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that a maximum of 50 % in volume of additional components are added.
7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the production of the mixture, at least:
to 80 % in volume of pulp; and 20 to 95 % in volume of CRP are used.
to 80 % in volume of pulp; and 20 to 95 % in volume of CRP are used.
8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the production of the mixture, at least:
20-80, preferably 30-70 % in volume of CRP; and 80-20, preferably 70-30 % in volume of mature compost are used.
20-80, preferably 30-70 % in volume of CRP; and 80-20, preferably 70-30 % in volume of mature compost are used.
9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the activated material is subjected to at least one of the following steps:
.cndot. drying under conditions that do not substantially harm the active microorganisms;
.cndot. grinding, screening, and/or granulation for improved handling;
.cndot. after drying to 70-90 % of dry substance, grinding of the clay/rock powder lumps, preferably with a roller mill or a lump crusher, to obtain a powder.
.cndot. drying under conditions that do not substantially harm the active microorganisms;
.cndot. grinding, screening, and/or granulation for improved handling;
.cndot. after drying to 70-90 % of dry substance, grinding of the clay/rock powder lumps, preferably with a roller mill or a lump crusher, to obtain a powder.
10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the drying till a dry matter content of 70 t0 90 % is performed mildly between 25 to 45 °C by aeration.
11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that seed is placed on the activated material in a thin layer culture and kept during a first refinement period under cultivating conditions that allow the seed to germinate, that after the end of a first refinement period, the material is dried in that watering is discontinued, the shoots and the substrate including the roots are comminuted and mixed, and the re-moistened refinement mixture is kept on stacks during a second refinement phase such that a maturing and harmonizing process takes place in which a clay/rock powder material having a further increased promotional effect upon the growth, the quality and the resistance of the plants is obtained, as well as long-term fertility of the soil.
12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the first refinement period lasts for approx. 10 to 20 days.
13. Method according to one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that the first refinement period lasts until the cotyledons of the sprouts are essentially completely developed.
14. Method according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the germs are cultivated in a thin layer culture, the culturing substrate having a layer thickness of 3 to 10 cm.
15. Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the activated mineral powder material is screened, prior to the addition of the plant germs, to one of the following grain sizes:
.cndot. up to 5 mm at the most for coarse purposes and/or for long-term action of the enriched material;
.cndot. up to 1 mm at the most for use of the enriched material as a fertilizer additive and/or for medium-term action; or .cndot. up to 0,01 mm at the most for fine purposes and/or for short-term action of the enriched material;
or is granulated and compacted.
.cndot. up to 5 mm at the most for coarse purposes and/or for long-term action of the enriched material;
.cndot. up to 1 mm at the most for use of the enriched material as a fertilizer additive and/or for medium-term action; or .cndot. up to 0,01 mm at the most for fine purposes and/or for short-term action of the enriched material;
or is granulated and compacted.
16. Method according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that during the first refinement period, at least one and preferably all of the following cultivating conditions are observed:
.cndot. temperatures in the range from 18 .cndot.C to 26 .cndot.C, preferably from 23 .cndot.C to 25 .cndot.C;
.cndot. water content from 50 % to 80 %.
.cndot. temperatures in the range from 18 .cndot.C to 26 .cndot.C, preferably from 23 .cndot.C to 25 .cndot.C;
.cndot. water content from 50 % to 80 %.
17. Method according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that after the first refinement period, the plant portions overground are cut and comminuted at a time before, during, or after drying out, in particular to a particle size in the range of 3 to 6 mm, and the substrate with the roots is comminuted after having dried out, preferably to the same grain size as the plant portions overground.
18. Method according to one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that for the second refinement period, at least one of the following process parameters, preferably all indicated parameters are observed:
.cndot. 60 % to 70 % water content at least at the beginning of the period, preferably during the entire duration;
.cndot. 23 °C to 25 °C outside temperature;
.cndot. duration of 10 to 20 days;
.cndot. a temperature of 45 to 50 °C inside the mixture.
.cndot. 60 % to 70 % water content at least at the beginning of the period, preferably during the entire duration;
.cndot. 23 °C to 25 °C outside temperature;
.cndot. duration of 10 to 20 days;
.cndot. a temperature of 45 to 50 °C inside the mixture.
19. Method according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that after the second refinement period, careful drying to a dry substance proportion of 70 to 90 %
is effected at temperatures between 25 and 45 °C by means of aeration, and in that the refined mineral powder material is ground and/or screened.
is effected at temperatures between 25 and 45 °C by means of aeration, and in that the refined mineral powder material is ground and/or screened.
20. Activated clay and/or rock powder, capable of being produced by the method according to one of claims 1 to 18.
21. Use of the material according to claim 20 for at least one of the following purposes:
.cndot. plant substrate or additive for plant substrates;
.cndot. fertilizer or fertilizer component;
.cndot. deodorant in decomposition processes;
.cndot. basic material of solid and liquid plant protection products, nutrients, and/or active components;
.cndot. concentrate of active components and nutrients for plant cultivation and animal nutrition;
.cndot. accelerator or additive in accelerators of biological decomposition processes in sewage purification plants and composting installations;
.cndot. soil activator.
.cndot. plant substrate or additive for plant substrates;
.cndot. fertilizer or fertilizer component;
.cndot. deodorant in decomposition processes;
.cndot. basic material of solid and liquid plant protection products, nutrients, and/or active components;
.cndot. concentrate of active components and nutrients for plant cultivation and animal nutrition;
.cndot. accelerator or additive in accelerators of biological decomposition processes in sewage purification plants and composting installations;
.cndot. soil activator.
22. Use of the material capable of being produced by the method of one of claims 11 to 19 for at least one of the following purposes:
.cndot. in agriculture, for preventing elutriation of plant nutrients;
.cndot. for recreational gardening;
.cndot. for rooftop planting;
.cndot. for landscape gardening and horticulture;
.cndot. for greenhouse plant cultivation;
.cndot. for compost refinement;
.cndot. for sewage purification in sewage purification plants;
.cndot. for desert border planting;
.cndot. for the recultivation of soils;
.cndot. for plant protection;
.cndot. in veterinary medicine;
.cndot. manure enrichment
.cndot. in agriculture, for preventing elutriation of plant nutrients;
.cndot. for recreational gardening;
.cndot. for rooftop planting;
.cndot. for landscape gardening and horticulture;
.cndot. for greenhouse plant cultivation;
.cndot. for compost refinement;
.cndot. for sewage purification in sewage purification plants;
.cndot. for desert border planting;
.cndot. for the recultivation of soils;
.cndot. for plant protection;
.cndot. in veterinary medicine;
.cndot. manure enrichment
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH7372001 | 2001-04-23 | ||
| CH737/01 | 2001-04-23 | ||
| PCT/CH2002/000219 WO2002085815A1 (en) | 2001-04-23 | 2002-04-19 | Method for producing a material with a ground clay and ground rock base that promotes plant growth and the resultant product |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2445075A1 true CA2445075A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| CA2445075C CA2445075C (en) | 2010-09-14 |
Family
ID=4532824
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2445075 Expired - Fee Related CA2445075C (en) | 2001-04-23 | 2002-04-19 | Method for the production of a material for the promotion of plant growth based on clay and rock powder and product obtained therewith |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7080481B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1381581A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2445075C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002085815A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090014524A (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-11 | 트랜스코리아개발 주식회사 | Artificial soil and method for growing vegetation on a sloped surface using the same |
| CN102229503B (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2013-12-18 | 冷登书 | Urban and rural garbage fermentation liquid and preparation method thereof |
| WO2014167010A1 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2014-10-16 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Novel triazole derivatives |
| CN103601598B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-09-09 | 王石麟 | A kind of production method of vegetables matrix in strong sprout |
| CL2013003780A1 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-06-20 | Univ Concepcion | Biofertilizer and its manufacturing process. |
| CN105152736A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-12-16 | 安徽徽皇肥业有限公司 | Magnetized slow release fertilizer for improving crop absorption capacity and preparation method thereof |
| CN105016861A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 安徽徽皇肥业有限公司 | High-utilization-rate magnetized sustained-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108863454A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南新五丰股份有限公司 | A kind of pig manure mixes Chinese medicine slag fermentation organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108586129A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-09-28 | 李小婷 | A kind of biological compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof of improvement soil |
| AT521230B1 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2020-02-15 | Magistrat Der Stadt Wien Magistratsabteilung 42 Wiener Stadtgaerten | Process for the production of a substrate for street trees in buildable locations |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH208881A (en) * | 1939-04-21 | 1940-02-29 | Wismer Albert | Process for the production of a fertilizer consisting of sewage sludge and peat. |
| JPS5191171A (en) * | 1975-02-01 | 1976-08-10 | Sangyohaikibutsuto kogaiodeibutsuto nosanhaikibutsuya hatsukobutsuo shugenryotoshita hatsukodatsushuseitaihidojokairyobutsu | |
| JPS5911557B2 (en) * | 1979-08-07 | 1984-03-16 | 株式会社 田熊総合研究所 | Method for producing compost obtained from organic waste |
| FR2546161A1 (en) * | 1983-05-18 | 1984-11-23 | Parpeix Alain | Organic fertilisers and manufacturing device |
| DE3323201C2 (en) * | 1983-06-28 | 1986-04-17 | Josef 6948 Waldmichelbach Sieverding | Process for the production of fertile topsoil from excavated construction sites |
| DE3409019A1 (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1985-09-26 | Karl-Heinz 6721 Hanhofen Ried | Composting preparation for enriching compost with all necessary minerals and trace elements |
| DE4334249C2 (en) * | 1992-10-10 | 1995-11-16 | Torfgesellschaft Mbh Deutsche | Process for processing compost into a marketable product |
| DE9418765U1 (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1995-02-09 | Doppstadt, Werner, 42555 Velbert | Biowaste treatment plant |
| US6293047B1 (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 2001-09-25 | Eugene Acey | Finely divided mineral composite, and methods of making and utilizing same |
| IT1294709B1 (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-04-12 | Sit Srl | PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE SALINITY OF COMPOST ARISING FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, FROM THE ORGANIC FRACTION OF THE SAME OR FROM |
| DE19806087A1 (en) * | 1998-02-14 | 1999-08-19 | Schmidt Gmbh & Co Kg Biokompos | Process for the production of fertilizer substrates |
| CA2376096A1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2001-03-01 | Dinel Henri | Organic fertilizer containing compost |
| WO2001019940A1 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2001-03-22 | Dirk Van Barneveld | Soil improver composition and plant growth enhancer |
-
2002
- 2002-04-19 EP EP02713989A patent/EP1381581A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-04-19 CA CA 2445075 patent/CA2445075C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-19 US US10/475,561 patent/US7080481B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-19 WO PCT/CH2002/000219 patent/WO2002085815A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040194376A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| EP1381581A1 (en) | 2004-01-21 |
| WO2002085815A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| CA2445075C (en) | 2010-09-14 |
| US7080481B2 (en) | 2006-07-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20180419 |