FR2546161A1 - Organic fertilisers and manufacturing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a process and its device for the manufacture of organic fertilisers and liquid biological fertilising agents, as well as the production of compost worms. This process is characterised in that it consists in bringing into direct contact a solution of bacteria/spores/vitamins/vegetable powder as excipient/fixed enzymes extracted from enemies of wood or plants. This bringing into direct contact is carried out in a stack or in a silo for rapid composting, under aerobiosis, at a pH of 8-8.5 in order to produce a hot fermentation, maximum of 60 DEG C, then at pH 6.5-7 at 37 DEG C sowing with worms. The fertilising components are then extracted in order to obtain a biological fertiliser, all these components or products being obtained biologically. The rapid composting silo includes an optimum aeration and a trapezoidal structure while being disconnectable and adaptable. Applications for regenerating soils, agricultural or horticultural requirements, forestry plantations, green spaces, market gardening, hydroponics and private garden.

Description

 The present invention relates to a new biochemical process for accelerated transformation of all organic matter (OM) of plant, animal and household origins such as peat, algae, straw, manure, pigyard manure, stables, stables , chicken coops, manure pits, leaves, grain particles, preservative waste in humic fertilizers.

 The present invention relates to the accelerated industrial production of organic fertilizers as an amendment or organic liquid fertilizers for traditional crops or hydroponic crops.

 We know that humus is the product of the slow transformation, in or on the soil, of plant waste containing cellulose and lignin. The process of this bi degradation and this humification is very complex, the agents are the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria working in symbiosis then fungi complete the product in stable humus. Brown substance, of pleasant odor, shows itself at a more advanced stage and it is a colloidal substance, of a black brown hearth that gets caught in jelly and sticks to soil particles.

 I1 collects the surrounding water like a sponge, without soaking it in water, it is an important medium for the action of the tanks. We know that the fertility of a soil depends on the degree of biological life, therefore on the degree of population development of microorganisms within organic matter (M.O.). It is therefore imperative to provide a microbial factor to soil treated with NPE. To ensure a good soil cycle, a regular supply of humus is achieved thanks to the work of bacteria which reduce waste of all kinds by bringing them back to elements assimilable by plants. Humus serves them as food. It is therefore a cyclical process of equilibrium and fertility which can be interrupted if the backing of humus provided is insufficient, especially for the products which are continually removed from the ground without being allowed to perish on the spot, where they would return to the earth what it took.

 The humus provides the link between the mineral and the plant.

It is a living substance; it is the matrix where living matter is developed, the placenta which nourishes it. 0n lies in front of a soil-plant-humus complex which is indissociable.

 The subject of the invention is a process which, taking account of the foregoing odors, makes it possible to carry out in a controlled and rational manner the natural phenomena leading to the obtaining of humus, and this much faster than Nature.

Various chemical and microbiological processes have already been proposed for the industrial transformation of S.0. humic fertilizers, but these processes have the disadvantage of being:
I - a very high cost price,
20- to require the use of chemicals (amine sulfate
moniac or lime nitrate at a dose of IOOg / m? ..),
30- unable to obtain the degradation of celluloses and
lignins in an industrial way, and milking time
were extremely long,
40- these fermentation processes have a drawback
manation of odors which can between ammoniacal, putrid,
or have an indeterminate smell,
50- to require a very important industrial achievement,
60- either these fermentations are never complete and the
unbalanced compost obtained, used to fertilize a
soil, can cause assimilation blockages,
destruction of seedlings or plants.

 None of these methods has proved satisfactory. In order to remedy these drawbacks, attempts have been made to obtain a quality humus fertilizer.

 However, we have found that a composting cycle can be reduced to 7 to 12 weeks by using a mixture of bacteria and enzymes fixed on clay in an excipient of maltose, proteins, and vegetable powders at doses of IOg for I cubic meter of MO

 If after the hot fermentation not exceeding 6000, the temperature of the pasteurization of pathogenic germs, the soil is turned over to aerate and introduce stimulating or energizing substances, a fermentation is kept from 25 ° to 370 ° C., the seeds of worms are sown with compost: eisenia foetida, of the lumbricides family, branching of annelids, class of oligochaetes, long from 5 to 12 cm; the earthworms have a beautiful red-brown color with iridescent reflections.

Acidity is the most formidable enemy. When all is well, it happens that there are almost as many worms as soil. It has been observed that the content of microorganisms in nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the twists is different from that of the surrounding soil. We can also incorporate plant litter-eating eisenia foetida and above all it feeds on soil microorganisms subservient to decaying plants. Earthworms transform IO into humus by an ecological process is one of the objects of the present invention
In order to better understand the invention, a procedure will be described below, by way of example only, of the different phases giving excellent results.

IO Phase: Grinding
biological activator for compost (NIF)
20 Phase: Thermophilic fermentation, aeration
seeding, stimulants ... (fungal)
outdoors or in a compost facility
see Figures I, 2 and 3.

30 Phase: seeding soil worms (helminthico3
ripening of humus and recovery of
worms for marketing
40 Phase: Fertilizer extraction to obtain a
organic fertilizer and enrichment of that
this.

 It has been observed that animals and insects are capable of transforming cellulose and lignin into nitrogenous matter and that one of the phases of humification is conditioned by enzymes. (L) Furthermore, the fermentation processes of the soil have the power to mobilize, in a balanced way when they exist in the insoluble state, all the mineral elements and in plants (buttercup, dandelion, lavender chamomile5 nettles, coltsfoot, plantain, pr81e, centaury, alfalfa, valerian, daisy clover, rosemary, cyst, microscopic chlorophyll algae ..

who must intervene for the correction of deficiencies.

According to a first embodiment of the process of the invention allowing the said biological activating system, enzymes have been isolated by electrophoresis from the digestive juice: cellulase, amylase, chitinase and two proteases which are remarkably active, and which are present in enemies plants and wood, we can mention the capricorns-the tendrils- the luctus- the ter mites- the merules- the snails-the slugs-the grasshoppers the earthworms- the earthworms- the locusts..0
These enzymes added to the microbial leaven and to the OM to decompose, either after extraction, or still mixed with the bodies of these animals allow the humidification in 4 to 8 weeks. If the conditions of humidity, temperature, pH, aeration and sowing in microorganisms and on a support are suitable.

For this, cultures of cellulolytic bacteria and NIF as well as fungi capable of living in an aerobic and anaerobic medium were carried out in a mass of cellulose to be degraded. For this, it is possible to use, thus: at pH 8-8.5 at neutral pH of aerobic bacteria: cellfalcalciula,
cytophaga, cellvibrio, polypha bacteria
ges, cellulomonas, pseudomonas,
NIF: azotobacter, rhizobium, clostridium, nitrifiers: nitrosococcus, nitroso-
cystis, nitrosoglaea, nitrosocystis, nitro-
sospira, nitrobacter,
anaerobic: heat resistant: caduceus,
plectridium, clostridium,
thermophilic (strictly ana)
therminosporus, micrococcus
urea.

at pH 6.5 - 7 oellulolytic fungi and molds
Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, actinomyces
chromogenic, griseus, airbus, mycobaeteria.

The production of these cultures is carried out in a laboratory using known bacteriological techniques
100 liters of a culture filtrate are poured into water containing 50 × 10 bacteria prepared according to the usual method, onto the filter cloth of a vacuum filter on which 2 kg of an inert substrate: diatom is repaired, peat, talc
A single filtration is sufficient to retain almost all of the germs, we wait a few minutes before stopping it, which is placed in a mixer with the drugs (plants described above and reduced to powder). We obtain IO kg of a concen very pulverulent containing a humidity of 14% and 3 to 5.lO6germs per gram.

 Then mixed with finely ground and enriched clay with vitamins B and C - dose 150 g per ton - and with the enzymes described above, the pH is adjusted to 7. The microorganisms fixed thus work 7 times faster .

We use this biological activator at the rate of IO g per cubic meter of MOP. For this, we mix at the time of use, we dilute the product in rainwater or pond pond ... we homogenize the solution and allow to stand for 24 hours before erosion. Evenly distributed, this mixture: bacteria-spores-vitamins enzymes-clay-plant powder, carries out the transfusion cycle in 4 to 8 weeks in summer and 4 to 12 weeks in autumn, when I2 to I8 months are necessary by the natural methods: the.

According to a second embodiment of the process of the invention allowing the said system to eompost. We proceed to a prior grinding of the OM This mechanical shredding is imperative from 4 to 5 cm maximum to allow good ventilation of the pile e @ tablecloths to be sown at that time before being dug in layers, either in cells or in swaths. NEVER
PUT IN A PIT.

A mixture can have the following proportions, depending on the materials to be composted:
- Residues from canneries, distillation:
marc of grape, apple, carrot, melon,
beet pulp, molasses ......, ......... 4 3 parts
- Plant waste: hay, lawn, alfalfa,
clover, algae and chicory roots (in
dives) ........................................... 3 parts
- Farm manure: Cattle, Sheep, horses ....... 2 parts
- Softwood bark, sawdust and
peat ........................................ Part
- Sorting straw and dust (seeds):
bran, starch, sprouts ...
It is adjusted to pH 8.

 These proportions can vary. Each layer is copiously sprinkled with pond, pond, well water, or more than 50% humidity. We do not cup, we protect the pile from the rain.

If too many hardwood leaves are used, the tannins must be neutralized by adding calcium formate in the form of a solution of 5 to 10%. This composition incorporated into the soil as stimulant and inhibitor of tannins makes it possible to release bodies assimilated by efficient bacteria.

The first phase of hot fermentation, MUST NOT
EXCEED 60 C- otherwise the seeding microbes that make the humus die. This temperature arrives then decreases gradually and promotes the decomposition of E.0. at first, when it reaches around 56-60 then 50-40 C and 370C ideal temperature where stays a long time. There is a very good balance between the decomposition of OM and the formation of a compost or d1un organic fertilizer.

 The organic manure finished: We sift and condition.

By anaerobic fermentation which favors an acid anaerobic, we had not created humus. We had favored a putrid decomposition and we stopped there.

So we built the raw material of humus and this humus ages like a living being. It has a youth, maturity, aging and this blackish colloidal matter nourishes the microorganisms of the soil, it is still necessary to carry out the treatment at the height of the moon. And then we will observe that the diseases of deficiency - and cellular degeneration are only the result of bad techniques in the care of the earth.

 According to a third embodiment of the method of the invention allowing the production of organic fertilizers and earthworms, a brown wheel was obtained. It lost its primitive odor of manure when the medium produced on a flat area proximity is perfect and cooled, without too much risk of re-fermentation, put it in place either in cells, or in andaiges, or in crates. The wheel is ready to receive its inhabitants. It suffices to incorporate the soil containing the no more worms and worms from a breeding farm 5,000 to 10,000 worms5 Place them all along, where here and there in large lumps in the pile.

 hes earthworms live in colonies. Avoid abruptly changing them from their original feeding environment. It is necessary to take care of humidity, heat, aeration, and to keep a certain alkalinity so that the worms resulting from a growth of worms of DawaSn and France reproduce at 1500 subjects / year.

This research has made it possible to study certain aspects of the influence of earthworms in the nitrogen cycle and in the C / N ratio free living bacteria promote natural nitrogen fixation, when the M.0., The pH, and humidity constitute an adequate environment
NIF 3.2cI06 bacteria Control 2.6.I0
biological activity) 400 IU biological activity 150 IU
Organic manure no longer contains pathogenic germs, insofar as the process raises the temperature to 600C and Greek to the natural essences of aromatic plants incorporated in the stimulant which trigger natural self-pasteurization.

 A preferred method of developing powdery organic fertilizers for private gardens where the amount of M.O.

available form only a small heap at a time found that it exudes an exaggerated amount of heat generated during the first phase and that the heap does not reach the temperature at which the germs and seeds of bad grasses are destroyed, and nutrients can be leached out by rain. The invention will now be described, without limitation, with reference to a manufacturing device illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

 The device is said to be a rapid compost silo, characterized in that it comprises four molded plastic or wooden walls which can be assembled to form a rapid compost silo, in that the said walls are made of insulating material, in that as ventilation slats formed in the faces of these four walls each comprising T-shaped edges, which are coupled so as to slide to form a wall of progressive silo, making it possible to constitute by additional assemblies scalable composters. add as many additional sets as you want to the basics.

- Figure I is a perspective view of a said device
rapid compost silo In accordance with the invention, the dis
positive can between assembled to form a container of
trapezoSdale shape. the four walls are not screwed
between them, but only fixed by means of a profile
in T. Each wall can therefore be removed in a few seconds. All the elements of the invention are normally made of wood or of plastic PV.C or durable polyethylene, with an inhibitor of ultraviolet rays. There is no risk of rust or cracking. These materials satisfy the conditions of use in the open air. and provide the required insulation properties.

 - Figure 2 is a view of a vertical section along BB.

It illustrates in (2) the appearance of the panels made up of openwork parts which comprise the entire surface formed by lamellas (2) 55 mm thick, inclined at 450, spaced 10 to 15 mm apart as on louvers. Air can reach MO

and circulate without there being any excessive heat loss inside the composter.

 For optimum ventilation, the internal frustoconical ventilation pipe (3) must be in the middle of the compost pile in a vertical position. It is simply pushed into the compost with its widest end as soon as the first layer reaches 20 cm thick. The hose (3) provides additional oxygen to the interior like a nozzle and accelerates odorless transformation. This hose (3) is made of extruded plastic and allows rapid oxidation of Eo at the base, the degree is determined by the size of the openings.

 To make a scalable composter, the lids are flexible (4) with plastic slides that are wind resistant and in combination with the wide slats of the side walls (4), they protect the compost from drying out by exposure and also from scouring by rain showers.

 The compost heap is protected all around, from predators: hens, rats, mice, shrews, mole crickets which are kept away, while microorganisms and earthworms find in the humid dark the ideal conditions for their biosyntheses.

 This fast compost silo is also an excellent farm for the production of earthworms, a steward.

- Figure 3 illustrates how the panels connect in a plan view, cover removed
As the composter is scalable, its walls fit together very easily and provide excellent stability. It assembles in a few minutes including a slot in a T-profile (6), and in that the other edge includes a complementary bead to enter this slot (6) without pegs.

To obtain an organic fertilizer that regenerates your soils, always place your quick compost silo directly on the ground. Never put an under ventilation grille
In a few weeks, the so-called rapid compost silo machine transforms waste and M.Oe into half a ton or more of organic powdery fertilizer.

 According to a fourth embodiment of the process of the invention, after the manufacture of a pulverulent fertilizer obtained by the production process described above, it is possible to extract a mother tincture to produce a liquid biological fertilizer.

 The nutrient solution which is exclusively organic is an excellent fertilizer for traditional and hydroponic crops for a healthy, not deficient diet.

 According to this mode, the fertilizing substances contained in organic fertilizers are advantageously obtained by expression and then enriched.

Firstly, proteins are extracted, either vegetable or bacterial. We can advantageously use seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus and Serratus,
Laminaria Digita and Cloustoni, Ascorhyllum Nodosum) selected by cryogrinding, and / or Symphytum Peregrinum, and / or bacterial cells (from bacterium nitrimethanicum, Fseudomonas nitriméthanica).

 For this extraction, a column filled with 1/100 m / m silica beads is used to retain the vegetable proteins, by leaching. The molecules of size smaller than the diameter of the pores penetrate into the beads, a first washing with water , from the column eliminates the protein solution while a second using higher fermentation alcohols: butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, hot iso butyl alcohol and amyl alcohol then separates a material having the appearance of a white powder, tasteless odorless, titrating I2 to I6% nitrogen.

 In a second step, a solution of a mixture of at least 2 to 34 trace elements is prepared in the form of metal hydroxides with a content of IO-3 to IO-5 g / liter.

 The fertilizing solution can advantageously be prepared by mixing the solution of metal hydroxides, the extracts of the organic fertilizer titrating IOg of alkaline humans and fertilizers in rainwater to obtain the concentration of nutritive elements likely to favor growth, which guarantees healthy and luxuriant vegetation in correct lighting conditions.

 To preserve this organic product, we incorporate a preservative: a sodium benzoate at I / oo and as an antiseptic a mixture of essential oils: Pin-Thyme-Mint-Lavan de-Rosemary-Clove-Cinnamon-Vetiver at a dose of IOg for IOOlitres.

Under these conditions, the biological fertilizing extract used as plant food has the following composition:
Nitrogen 2 at 6.50%
Phosphorus 0.2 to 4.80%
Potassium 5 to 6, IO%
Alkaline Humates IQ g
Composition of 34 trace elements in one form
of metal hydroxides to IO-3 to IO-5g.LI
Vitamins A, BI, B2, B3, BI2, BI4, C, D, D2, E, F, K, PP,
content 5 to 10 mg / hi
Amino acids, natural phytohormones,
allantoin, enzymes.

 pH 5, IO - 6.

A dilute solution is obtained for hydroculture and hydroponics at the rate of 30 ml per I liter of water having the following composition:
N: 100-300; P: 100-200; K: 100-200; Mg: 50-60 (mg.LI)
Finally, it should be pointed out that an organic pulverulent fertilizer or a liquid biological fertilizer can be obtained in a combination of two or three of the first, second, third and fourth modes described above.

 The present invention is not limited to the example of preparation which comes between described, it is on the contrary susceptible of variants and modifications which will appear to those skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

Bacteria-Spores-Vitamins and as an excipient a vegetable powder then enzymes extracted from wood and plant enemies fixed on clay. This direct contact is carried out in a grinding wheel or in a fast compost silo, under aerobic, at pH 8-8.5 to produce a hot fermentation, maximum of 60QC then at pH 6.5-7 at 370C followed by seeding of worms. Finally, the nutrients are extracted to obtain an organic fertilizer, all these elements or products being obtained by biological means.  I. Process for preparing pulverulent organic fertilizers and biological liquid fertilizers, characterized in that it consists in bringing a solution of  2. Method according to claim I, for obtaining a pulverulent organic fertilizer, carcatized in that it consists in mixing after grinding the various organic materials in the following proportions: - Residues from canneries, from distillation: grape marc,  apple, carrot, melon, beet pulp, molasses  3 parts.  3 parts.  chicory - Plant waste: hay, lawn, alfalfa, algae and roots - Farm manure: Cattle, Sheep, Horses 2 parts. - Softwood bark, sawdust and peat T part.  germs) I part. It is adjusted to pH 8. - Seed sorting straw and dust (bran, starch,  3. Method according to any one of claims I and 2, characterized by the neutralization of the tannins by the incorporation of a solution of calcium formate titrated from 5 to I  4. Method according to any one of claims I and 3, characterized by the introduction of a biological activator containing enzymes: cellulase, amylase, chitinase and two remarkably active proteases isolated from the digestive juice of enemies of wood and mixed plants to a vegetable powder of one or a combination of the following species: Buttercup, coltsfoot, plantain, centaury, chamomile, clover, dandelion, yarrow, daisy, valerian, horsetail, nettle, rosemary, oak bark, cyst, lavender, Alfalfa, casein as an excipient and a supply of vitamins B and C at a dose of I50 g per tonne. This biological activator is used in solution according to IO grams per cubic meter of organic matter.  5. Method according to any one of claims I and 4, characterized by the seeding of the organic materials crushed and treated with earthworms: Eisenia foetida in the compost heap at 200C and in their production for sale.  6. Method for preparing a liquid biological fertilizer, according to all of claims I to 4, characterized in that the active principles, fertilizing substances contained in the pulverulent organic fertilizers are obtained by extraction. It is enriched by leaching with seaweed extracts (Fucus vesiculous and Serratus, Laminaria Digita and Cloustoni, Ascorhyllum Nodosum) selected by cryogrinding, and / or bacterial cells (from bacterium nitrimethanicum, Pseudomonas nitriméthanica). Using higher fermentation alcohols: butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, hot amyl alcohol then a white, tasteless, odorless powder is separated, titrating I2 to I6% nitrogen. 0 solubilizes that -this in rainwater.  7. Method according to claim 6, characterized by mixing in solution of at least 2 to 34 trace elements in the form of metal hydroxides with a content of IO 4.L I to IO5g. 5g  8. Method according to any one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in the dissolution of a liquid organic fertilizer for traditional cultures and hydroponics containing sodium benzoate as preservative and an antiseptic, mixture of Essential Oils of Pine? hym-DIenthe Lavender-Rosemary-Clove-Cinnamon-Vetiver at a dose of I /oo. Under these conditions, the fertilizer has the following composition: Nitrogen 2 to 6.50; Phosphorus 0.2 to 4.80; Potassium 5 to 6, it%; Alkaline Humates IOg; Composition of 34 trace elements; vitamins A, BP, B2, B3, BI2, BI4, C, D, D2, E, F, R, PP, level 5 to 10 mg / hl; amino acids, natural phytohormones, allantoin, enzymes at pH 5, IO at 6. A diluted organic fertilizer is obtained for hydronic crops N: I00-300 mg.L I; P: I00-200 mg.L I; E: I00-200 mg.L Mg: 50-50 mg.L I.  9. Device for the manufacturing process of the fertilizer o: powdered organic, according to all of the preceding claims, characterized by insulating panels made of plastic materials with an ultraviolet ray inhibitor to form a trapezoidal container containing the organic materials For optimum ventilation, the panels are made of perforated sheets which include the entire surface formed by strips 55 mm thick, inclined at 450, spaced from 10 to 15 mm as on louvers. A frustoconical ventilation pipe brings oxygen to the center of the fast compost silo. This pipe is made of extruded plastic. The cover follows a slight inclination to evacuate the rain, the said cover slides on strips of the side walls. To make this removable and scalable composter, its walls kick very easily and provide excellent stability thanks to a T-profile and an additional bead to be introduced into said T-profile without dowels. To these four basic walls, one can add as many additional assemblies to constitute an evolving composter according to the needs and the seasons or the production of earthworms.  IO. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact of the industrial production of pulverulent organic fertilizers and absolutely complete liquid biological fertilizers which perfectly meet the nutritional needs of all plants.