CN116947575A - Preparation method of granular bio-organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of granular bio-organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN116947575A CN116947575A CN202310600649.6A CN202310600649A CN116947575A CN 116947575 A CN116947575 A CN 116947575A CN 202310600649 A CN202310600649 A CN 202310600649A CN 116947575 A CN116947575 A CN 116947575A
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000014666 liquid concentrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013529 tequila Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011361 granulated particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 50
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 48
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002921 fermentation waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000754515 Bettsia Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PYCBFXMWPVRTCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium metaphosphate Chemical compound N.OP(=O)=O PYCBFXMWPVRTCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095686 granule product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a granular bio-organic fertilizer. The granular bio-organic fertilizer is produced by taking organic materials obtained by composting, high-temperature-resistant functional microbial agents and other auxiliary materials as raw materials. The preparation method is that the raw materials are mixed, granulated and dried by adopting an automatic material mixing and mixing machine, a disc granulator and a hot air drum dryer in sequence. The heat loss rate of the microorganisms in the drying process is obviously reduced due to the high temperature resistance of the functional microorganisms and the decomposition and heat absorption effects of the diammonium phosphate in other auxiliary materials, the effective viable count cfu of the product can reach more than 3 hundred million/g without wrapping microbial agents on the outer surfaces of the dried particles, and the product is far higher than the industrial standard of the bio-organic fertilizer, and has the microbial fertilizer effects of degrading cellulose, fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and the like and good storage stability. The invention further simplifies the preparation method of the granular bio-organic fertilizer and solves the main defects of the existing granular bio-organic fertilizer products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a granular bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The biological organic fertilizer is a novel fertilizer which is formed by compounding microorganism with specific functions and organic materials which mainly take animal and plant residues as sources and are subjected to innocent treatment and decomposition. The biological organic fertilizer has complete nutrient elements and high organic matter content, can obviously improve the micro-ecology of soil, and replaces partial fertilizer by the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, potassium dissolution, cellulose degradation and the like of specific microorganisms. In addition, the bio-organic fertilizer is mainly produced by taking organic waste as a raw material, so that the environmental pollution can be reduced, and the bio-organic fertilizer is nontoxic and residue-free after application. The popularization and the application of the bio-organic fertilizer have important significance for ecological agriculture and environmental protection.
The preparation of the biological organic fertilizer comprises two major processes of organic waste composting, namely, preparing harmless and decomposed organic materials, and compositing the organic materials obtained by composting with functional microbial agents. The bio-organic fertilizer comprises two major types of powder and granular, wherein the granular bio-organic fertilizer occupies the main bio-organic fertilizer market because of convenient transportation and mechanized fertilization. Considering that the drying process can lead to the inactivation of a large number of microorganisms by heating, the preparation method of the granular bio-organic fertilizer commonly adopted at present comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing the organic materials obtained by composting with other auxiliary materials, granulating, drying (which is equivalent to preparing granular organic fertilizer firstly), and then coating functional microorganisms (which can only be in the form of dry powder microbial inoculum generally) on the surfaces of the organic fertilizer granules. Therefore, the existing granular bio-organic fertilizer products have the main defects that: functional microbial agents coated on the outer surfaces of the particles are easy to fall off or lose efficacy due to environmental changes in the processes of storage, transportation and application, and the bio-organic fertilizer particles are easy to wet, harden or grow mould. The patent CN114736059A wraps the microbial agent on the surface of the organic fertilizer particles, and uses the coating agent, the hardening inhibitor and the like to carry out 2-3 times of re-wrapping, so that the problem of stability of the granular bio-organic fertilizer is solved, but the production flow and the cost of the granular bio-organic fertilizer are increased, and finally chemical substances which are contained in the coating agent and the hardening inhibitor and can not be absorbed by plants are brought into soil. Therefore, it is still important to further improve the preparation method of the granular bio-organic fertilizer, and especially to create a new way for functional microorganisms to be added and combined with the compost products.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the granular bio-organic fertilizer product and further simplify the preparation method of the granular bio-organic fertilizer, the invention provides the bio-organic fertilizer which can ensure that the functional microbial agent uniformly exists in the granules without wrapping the functional microbial agent on the surfaces of the dried organic fertilizer granules and the preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by mixing 50-70 parts of organic materials obtained by composting, 0.1-2 parts of high-temperature-resistant functional microbial agent and 29-48 parts of other auxiliary materials, granulating and drying to obtain the granular bio-organic fertilizer with the functional microbial agent existing in the granule and the effective viable bacteria number meeting the industry standard.
The organic materials obtained by composting are as follows: the harmless and decomposed composting products obtained by composting the organic wastes have no hard requirements on the types and proportions of the organic wastes as composting raw materials, and only the composting products simultaneously meet three key indexes of more than or equal to 30% of organic matter content (calculated on a drying basis), less than or equal to 30% of moisture (fresh sample) and more than or equal to 70% of seed germination index, preferably the organic materials obtained by mixing the yeast waste liquid concentrate and the rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 0.1-0.45:0.4-0.55. The preferred method for composting the yeast waste liquid concentrate and rice hulls is that the yeast waste liquid concentrate and rice hulls are mixed and then composted for 30-35 days to obtain the product, and the preferred amount of organic materials obtained by composting is 51 parts by referring to the control group of the embodiment 3 of the inventor's earlier patent CN 112625948B.
The concentrated yeast waste liquid is provided by Angel Yeast, specifically fermentation waste liquid produced by Yeast production, and is concentrated by evaporation to obtain brown viscous liquid with main components and contents of organic matter 60-65%, water 30-38%, total nitrogen 2-4%, ammoniacal nitrogen 0.4-1.2%, and P 2 O 5 0.2-0.8％、K 2 O 4.5-8.5％、pH 4-6。
The functional microbial agent is fermentation liquor of bacillus tertiarygensis (Bacillus tequila strain) S1 or bacillus tertiarygensis (Bacillus tequila strain) S1;
the functional microbial agent can also be fermentation liquid of the bacillus tervalicarpus (Bacillus tequila strain) S1, wherein the bacillus tervalicarpus (Bacillus tequila strain) S1 is inoculated into a glucose corn steep liquor dry powder liquid culture medium, and the fermentation is carried out under the conditions that the fermentation condition is pH 6.0-7.0, the fermentation temperature is 37-40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 150-250 rpm.
The high-temperature-resistant functional microbial agent is as follows: strain Bacillus tequila strain Sl (preservation number CCTCCNO: M2020487) is prepared from glucose and corn steep liquor dry powder as raw materials by performing expansion culture in a fermenter to obtain fermentation broth (bacterial concentration OD) containing viable bacteria of the strain 600 =12 to 15), the preferred amount of fermentation broth is 2 parts, see inventor's earlier patent CN 112625948B.
The raw materials also contain 29-48 parts of other auxiliary materials, wherein the other auxiliary materials comprise 8-24 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of yeast waste liquid concentrated solution, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 0-3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0-6 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 1-5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.5-3 parts of potassium sulfate. The preferable dosage (total amount) of the auxiliary materials is 47 parts.
The mixing means: the organic materials obtained by composting, the high-temperature-resistant functional microbial agent and other auxiliary materials are accurately and quantitatively fed according to the proportion by adopting an automatic batching mixer widely used in the organic fertilizer industry, and the materials are fully stirred, so that the three raw materials are uniformly mixed.
The granulation means: the mixed materials are formed into approximately round wet particles with the diameter of 2-4mm by adopting a disc granulator widely used in the organic fertilizer industry.
The drying refers to: and reducing the moisture of wet granules obtained by granulation to below 30% by adopting a hot air roller dryer to obtain a drier bio-organic fertilizer granule product. The preferred conditions for drying are: the inlet air temperature of the hot air roller dryer is less than or equal to 650 ℃, the outlet air temperature is 80-90 ℃, the temperature of the particles when exiting the dryer is 55-65 ℃, and the drying process is controlled within 15min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by utilizing the original production equipment and main flow of the granular bio-organic fertilizer, when the compost product is mixed with other auxiliary materials, the high-temperature-resistant functional microbial agent is added in sequence, and then the bio-organic fertilizer with the functional microbial agent existing in the granules is prepared through two unit operations of granulation and drying. The realization of the invention mainly depends on the high temperature resistance of functional microorganisms, and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate which is easy to be heated and decomposed and absorbs heat to play a role in overheat protection and temperature reduction partially replaces ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate according to the principle of not reducing the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements, so that the heat loss rate of the functional microorganisms existing in the particles in a drying link is greatly reduced. The bio-organic fertilizer with the functional microorganisms stored in the particles overcomes the defects that most of the granular bio-organic fertilizer products are coated on the outer surfaces of the particles, and the functional microbial agent is easy to fall off or lose efficacy due to environmental changes in the processes of storage, transportation and application, and the bio-organic fertilizer particles are easy to be damped, hardened or mould is grown. The preparation method provided by the invention can be realized by using the original production equipment of the granular bio-organic fertilizer, equipment transformation is not needed, the unit operation of wrapping the functional microbial agent after the original granulation is omitted, and the preparation method of the granular bio-organic fertilizer is further simplified.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the morphology of a commercial granular bio-organic fertilizer product (left), example 1 (middle), example 2 (right) after 60 days of storage at room temperature.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to examples. The following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The yeast waste liquid concentrate used in the embodiment of the invention is provided by Angel Yeast Co., ltd, and is specifically a tan viscous liquid obtained by evaporating and concentrating fermentation waste liquid produced by Yeast production, and the main components and contents of the tan viscous liquid comprise 62% of organic matters, 35.6% of moisture, 2.6% of total nitrogen, 0.8% of ammoniacal nitrogen and P 2 0 5 0.5％、K 2 0 6.5％、pH 5.6。
Raw materials: after the yeast waste liquid concentrated solution and rice husk are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.45:0.55, stirring until the flow of the yeast waste liquid concentrated solution is not observed, supplementing water until the water content of the pile is 50% -55%, and after the yeast waste liquid concentrated solution and rice husk are uniformly mixed, piling into a pile body with the length of 10m, the width of 4m and the height of 1.5 m and being approximately cubic. Turning the pile by a forklift in the composting process, turning the pile every 3-5 days in the heating period, turning the pile every 2 days in the high-temperature period, not turning the pile in the cooling (decomposing) period, and composting and decomposing for 35 days to obtain the product (the same below). And taking 51 parts of organic materials obtained after composting and decomposing. 2 parts of fermentation liquor of a strain Bacillus tequila strain Sl with the functions of resisting high temperature (60 ℃), fixing nitrogen, degrading cellulose and the like. 47 parts of other auxiliary materials (including 22.5 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of yeast waste liquid concentrate, 8 parts of bentonite, 2.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 5 parts of superphosphate and 1 part of potassium sulfate).
Mixing: the materials are accurately and quantitatively fed according to the proportion by using an automatic batching mixer, and are continuously stirred for more than 0.5h to be uniformly mixed.
Granulating: the mixed material was formed into approximately round wet granules of 2-4mm diameter using a disk granulator.
And (3) drying: the wet granules obtained by granulation are dried by using a hot air roller dryer, the inlet air temperature of the hot air roller dryer is set to 650 ℃, the outlet air temperature is controlled to 80-90 ℃ by adjusting the feeding speed (the amount of the wet granules obtained by granulation added in unit time) and the speed of a conveyor belt of the dryer, the temperature of the discharged materials (the dried granules obtained by drying) is controlled to 55-65 ℃, and the whole drying process is controlled to 14-15min. And drying to obtain dry particles which are granular bio-organic fertilizer products.
Example 2
Raw materials: 51 parts of organic materials obtained after composting and decomposing the yeast waste liquid concentrate and rice hulls are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.45:0.55; 2 parts of fermentation broth of a strain Bacillus tequila strain Sl; 47 parts of other auxiliary materials (22.5 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of yeast waste liquid concentrate, 8 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of potassium sulfate).
The mixing, granulating and drying were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
Raw materials: 51 parts of organic materials obtained after composting and decomposing the yeast waste liquid concentrate and rice hulls are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.45:0.55; 1 part of fermentation broth of strain Bacillus tequila strain Sl; 48 parts of other auxiliary materials (including 22.5 parts of plant ash, 9 parts of yeast waste liquid concentrate, 8 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of potassium sulfate).
The mixing, granulating and drying were the same as in example 1.
Example 4
Raw materials: mixing the yeast waste liquid concentrated solution and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 0.45:0.55, composting and decomposing to obtain 70 parts of organic materials; 1 part of fermentation broth of strain Bacillus tequila strain Sl; 29 parts of other auxiliary materials (8 parts of plant ash, 4.5 parts of yeast waste liquid concentrated solution, 8 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of potassium sulfate).
The mixing, granulating and drying were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example was a fermentation broth of strain Bacillus tequila strain Sl without adding a high temperature resistant functional microbial agent, and replaced with an equivalent amount of yeast waste liquid concentrate, and the other examples were the same as in example 1, specifically:
raw materials: 51 parts of organic materials obtained after composting and decomposing the yeast waste liquid concentrate and rice hulls are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.45:0.55; 49 parts of other auxiliary materials (including 22.5 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of yeast waste liquid concentrated solution, 8 parts of bentonite, 2.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 5 parts of superphosphate and 1 part of potassium sulfate).
The mixing, granulating and drying were the same as in example 1.
Product comparison:
the product obtained in the examples was compared with the granular bio-organic fertilizer product of the comparative example or a commercial company.
(1) In terms of effective viable count
The effective viable bacteria number is an important index to be detected firstly by the bio-organic fertilizer, in particular to the granular bio-organic fertilizer product. The agricultural industry standard NY884-2012 biological organic fertilizer prescribes that the effective viable count (cfu) is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, and the biological organic fertilizer cannot be called if the standard is not reached. The invention adopts the relevant detection method specified by NY884-2012 to detect the effective viable bacteria quantity and moisture of the products prepared in the examples 1-4 and the comparative example 1 and wet particles before drying respectively, calculates the heating loss rate of the effective viable bacteria in the drying process of different products, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 effective viable count and moisture detection results for examples 1-4, comparative example 1 products and wet granules before oven drying
The effective viable count (cfu) of the granular bio-organic fertilizer products prepared in examples 1-4 were 3.1, 3.9, 1.7 and 1.7 hundred million/g, respectively, which were 15.5, 19.5, 8.5 and 8.5 times the 0.2 hundred million/g specified in industry standard NY884-2012, respectively. Compared with example 1, the difference is only that the effective viable count (cfu) of the product of comparative example 1 without the high temperature resistant functional microbial agent is only 0.16 hundred million/g, and the industry standard is not met. The effective viable count (cfu) of the product of comparative example 1 in the wet granules before drying was 0.55 hundred million/g, indicating that the organic material obtained by composting still contained a certain amount of microorganisms, but most of these original microorganisms were deactivated by heat during the drying of the wet granules, and the heat loss rate was as high as 79.5%. The heat loss rate of the product of the embodiment 1 added with the high temperature resistant functional microbial agent is reduced to 32.8% in the drying process, wherein the heated and deactivated microbes may be mainly the original thermolabile microbes in the compost product.
The materials used in example 2 and example 1 are basically the same, and the types and amounts of the small amounts of inorganic salts containing nitrogen and phosphorus added to the other auxiliary materials are slightly different: example 1 was 2.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 5 parts of superphosphate, example 2 was 6 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and 1.5 parts of superphosphate, i.e., example 2 replaced the ammonium sulfate and part of the superphosphate in example 1 with diammonium hydrogen phosphate without reducing the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements. The diammonium phosphate is easy to be thermally decomposed into monoammonium phosphate and ammonium metaphosphate, but the decomposition products are still effective nitrogen and phosphorus element fertilizers, and the decomposition of the diammonium phosphate is an endothermic reaction, so that a certain thermal protection effect is achieved on the functional microbial agent in the particles, and therefore, the heat loss rate of the microorganisms in the drying process of the embodiment 2 is further reduced to 25.2% under the combined action of the high temperature resistance of the functional microorganisms and the diammonium phosphate.
The addition amount of the high temperature resistant functional microbial agents of examples 1 and 2 is 2 parts, the addition amount of the high temperature resistant functional microbial agents of examples 3 and 4 is 1 part, and the effective viable count (cfu) of wet particles before drying of examples 1 and 2 is 3.5 hundred million/g, which is obviously higher than that of examples 3, 4 and comparative example 1, showing that the effective viable count of the products of examples 1 to 4 is mainly derived from the added high temperature resistant functional microbial agents. The effective viable count (cfu) of the wet pellets before drying in example 4 was slightly higher than that in example 3, because the amount of organic material obtained by composting in the preparation of example 4 was 70 parts, and that obtained by composting in example 3 was 51 parts, and the organic material obtained by composting still contained a certain amount of microorganisms. The other auxiliary materials in examples 2, 3 and 4 are the same, and the comparison of the three shows that the higher the proportion of the added high-temperature-resistant functional microbial agent in wet particles before drying is, the lower the heat loss rate of effective live bacteria in the drying process is, and the reduction of the heat loss rate in the drying process is mainly caused by the high-temperature resistance of the added functional microorganisms.
It should be noted that the effective viable count (3.5 hundred million/g) of the product after drying in example 2 was greater than the wet particles (3.1 hundred million/g) before drying, firstly because the heat loss rate in example 2 was only 25.2% at the minimum, and secondly because the particle moisture was reduced from 46.2% before drying to 25.1% after drying, i.e., the total mass of the denominator particles was reduced. Meanwhile, the moisture of each dried product is less than 30% specified by the industry standard NY884-2012, which indicates that the preparation method of the granular bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention can reduce the heat loss of the effective viable count and meet the requirements of the industry standard on the basis of meeting the drying effect of the bio-organic fertilizer.
(2) Microbial fertilizer efficiency
As previously mentioned, the bio-organic fertilizer is essentially equal to the organic fertilizer plus the functional microbial agent with fertilizer efficiency. Industry standard NY884-2012 specifies that the effective viable count should be greater than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, but does not specify the functions that the microorganisms contained in the bio-organic fertilizer should possess, which may be to encourage the enterprises to enrich and expand the types and functions of the microorganisms contained in the bio-organic fertilizer, but this also results in that part of the bio-organic fertilizer products only pay attention to the number of the microorganisms contained and neglect the functions that the fertilizer efficiency microorganisms can exert. The invention aims to ensure that the prepared granular bio-organic fertilizer not only meets the requirement of effective viable count, but also detects the fertilizer efficiency function of the contained microorganisms.
The specific detection method comprises the following steps: a proper amount of the products prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 were ground and crushed, 2g of the powder was added to 20mL of sterile water, and the mixture was sufficiently shaken to prepare a bacterial suspension. Adding 5mL of bacterial suspension into 100mL of inorganic salt liquid culture medium with filter paper as the sole carbon source, performing shake culture at 37 ℃ and 200rpm for 24 hours, and measuring the enzyme activity of cellulase in the culture solution; adding 5mL of the bacterial suspension into 100mL of a nitrogen source-free Abbe's liquid culture medium, performing shake culture at 37 ℃ and 200rpm for 72 hours, taking 10mL of culture solution, centrifuging at 4 ℃ and 10000rpm for 5 minutes, and measuring the total nitrogen content in the supernatant by adopting a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method; adding 5mL of the bacterial suspension into 100mL of Meng Jinna inorganic phosphorus liquid for culture, shaking at 37 ℃ and 200rpm for 72 hours, centrifuging at 10000rpm for 5 minutes at 4 ℃ with 10mL of culture solution, and quantitatively measuring the quick-acting phosphorus content in the supernatant by adopting a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method; 5mL of sterile water was used as a blank instead of the bacterial suspension, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 detection results of the capacities of the microorganisms contained in the products of examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 to produce the enzymes and fix nitrogen and dissolve phosphorus
Note that: the blank control value of the bacteria suspension prepared by each product is basically zero by using the same amount of sterile water instead of the bacteria suspension during detection
The strain Bacillus tequila strain Sl has the functions of fixing nitrogen and degrading cellulose besides the high temperature (60 ℃) resistance. The bio-organic fertilizer products of examples 1-4 to which the bacteria were added were significantly higher in cellulase activity and nitrogen fixation than the comparative example 1 product to which the bacteria were not added, and were found to also impart a better phosphorus dissolution ability to the bio-organic fertilizer. Functional microorganisms in the bio-organic fertilizer can produce cellulase to be helpful for degrading returning straw or converting cellulose in other agricultural wastes in soil into humic acid, so that the organic matter content of the soil and the reduction of the application of the organic fertilizer are improved. The nitrogen fixation capability can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen element which can be absorbed by plants, and is helpful for nitrogen fertilizer application reduction. The phosphorus dissolving capability can convert mineral phosphorus in soil into quick-acting phosphorus absorbable by plants, and is favorable for phosphate fertilizer application reduction.
The heat loss rate of the products of examples 1 and 2 is lower and the addition amount of the high temperature resistant functional microbial agents is twice as high as that of examples 3 and 4, and the cellulase, nitrogen fixation and phosphorus removal effects of the products of examples 1 and 2 are almost twice as high as those of the products of examples 3 and 4, and are significantly higher than those of the product of comparative example 1 without the high temperature resistant functional microbial agents, for example, the total nitrogen content in the supernatant after the bacterial suspension of the products of examples 1 and 2 is cultured in the African Bettsia liquid culture medium without nitrogen source is increased from 0 to 28.1 and 30.9mg/mL respectively, while the products of examples 3 and 4 are 13.6mg/mL, and the product of comparative example 1 does not have the nitrogen fixation function, which means that the cellulase, nitrogen fixation and phosphorus removal effects of the products of examples 1 to 4 are mainly given by the high temperature resistant functional microbial agents added in the preparation process and exist in the interior of particles, and the heat loss of the fertilizer functional microorganisms in the process can be effectively reduced.
(3) In terms of storage stability of the product
As mentioned above, the main disadvantages of the existing granular bio-organic fertilizer products are: functional microbial agents coated on the outer surfaces of the particles are easy to fall off or lose efficacy due to environmental changes in the processes of storage, transportation and application, and the bio-organic fertilizer particles are easy to wet, harden or grow mould. According to the invention, the prepared functional microorganisms exist in the particles, the products of the examples 1 and 2 with high effective viable count and high microbial fertilizer efficiency are stored for 60 days at room temperature under the same conditions with the granular bio-organic fertilizer products of a certain commercial company, and as a result, the bio-organic fertilizer with the commercially available functional microorganisms wrapped on the outer surfaces of the particles starts to grow a large amount of mold, the bio-organic fertilizer particles are almost off-white, and the surfaces of the particles of the products of the examples 1 and 2 do not grow mold, so that the storage stability of the granular bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the invention is high. Wherein the product surface of example 1 is shinier and the product surface of example 2 is drier, the difference between the two may be due to the substitution of example 2 for ammonium phosphate dibasic for ammonium sulfate and part of the superphosphate in example 1.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a granular bio-organic fertilizer is characterized in that the granular bio-organic fertilizer with the functional microbial agent in the inside of particles is prepared by mixing, granulating and drying organic materials obtained by composting and high-temperature-resistant functional microbial agents.
2. The method for preparing the granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the addition amounts of the organic material obtained by composting and the high-temperature-resistant functional microbial agent are respectively 50-70 parts and 0.1-2 parts.
3. The method for preparing granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the organic material obtained by composting is a product obtained by mixing yeast waste liquid concentrate and rice hulls, composting and decomposing for 30-35 days.
4. The method for preparing a granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the yeast waste liquid concentrate to the rice husk is 0.1-0.45:0.4-0.55.
5. The preparation method of the granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the functional microbial agent is bacillus tervelarius @Bacillus tequila strain) S1 or Bacillus tertequila ]Bacillus tequila strain) S1, fermenting liquor;
the bacillus tertiarygensis is preparedBacillus tequila strain) S1, fermenting the bacillus tertiaryalisBacillus tequila strain) S1, inoculating the corn steep liquor into a glucose corn steep liquor dry powder liquid culture medium, and fermenting under the conditions that the fermentation temperature is 37-40 ℃ and the stirring speed is 150-250 rpm, wherein the pH is 6.0-7.0.
6. The method for preparing the granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein 29-48 parts of auxiliary materials are added into the raw materials;
the auxiliary materials comprise one or a combination of more of plant ash, yeast waste liquid concentrated solution, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate.
7. The method for preparing the granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise 8-24 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of yeast waste liquid concentrate, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 0-3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0-6 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 1-5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.5-3 parts of potassium sulfate when the auxiliary materials comprise a plurality of materials including plant ash, yeast waste liquid concentrate, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate.
8. The method for producing a granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 wherein the granulated particle size is 2 to 4 mm.
9. The method for preparing the granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet temperature is 600-650 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 80-90 ℃, the discharging temperature is 55-65 ℃ and the drying process is controlled to be 14-15min.
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