LT6432B - Construction thermal insulation material from local technogenical waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the industry of building materials, and is intended to expand the nomenclature of thermal insulation materials. The aim of the invention - to create a building thermal insulation material that can be used for partitions (walls, roof and floor) of residential and industrial buildings using technogenic waste (extractive hemihydrate phosphogypsum and crushed used expanded polystyrene packing tare) existing in Lithuania in significant amounts. The volume of building thermal insulation material consists up to 98% of the mentioned waste. The rest amount consists of Portland cement produced in Lithuania and opoka - easily mined natural raw material. The density changes in range 260 to 520 kg/m3, the compressive strength - 0.30 to 1.30 MPa, and the thermal conductivity@coefficient - 0.082 to 0.141 W/m. K depending on the composition of building thermal insulation material. Proposed to produce thermal insulation material is in full compliance with the third waste management priority of the Law on Waste Management of Republic of Lithuania made from waste products or secondary raw materials suitable for the production of products.

Description

The invention relates to the building materials industry and is intended to expand the nomenclature of thermal insulation materials. The purpose of the invention is to create a building thermal insulating material which can be used for insulation of walls and roofs of residential and industrial buildings using abundant technogenic waste in Lithuania (extractive push-dry phosphogypsum and crushed polystyrene foam packaging waste). The aforementioned waste constitutes up to 98% of the volume of building insulation material. The remainder consists of Portland cement, which is produced in Lithuania and is easily extracted from natural raw material - opoka.

The developed thermal insulation material has sufficient properties and meets the requirements for thermal insulation products. Depending on the composition, the compressive strength of the building thermal insulation material varies between 0.30-5-1.30 MPa and the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.082- ^ 0.141 W / m K.

The proposed construction thermal insulation material fully complies with the third waste management priority of the Law on Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania “to produce waste products or secondary raw materials suitable for product production”.

In modern construction, different polystyrene foam and stone wool products are commonly used for insulation of partitions. The production of these products requires a large amount of depleted natural resources and a significant input of energy used in the production process. Therefore, the development of new heat-insulating materials with low natural resource and energy absorption is of particular importance at present. One of the ways to achieve these goals is to make wider use of industrial and household waste.

Known thermal insulating material (patent LT 5213) using agricultural wastes - spikes or chaff. This material has a low thermal conductivity (about 0.06 UU / mK) but contains an energy-absorbing anhydrite cement (30-5-60%). Thermal insulating material (patent LT 4967) using crushed reeds is known, but the authors of this patent do not provide indicators that characterize the thermal insulation properties of the resulting material. One of the ingredients of this material is a high energy absorbing composite binder consisting of Portland cement and construction gypsum (40-5-60%).

The general disadvantage of the aforementioned thermo-insulating materials is the need to use special additives - antiseptics, hydrophobizers and flame retardants. This complicates the technology of producing such materials and increases their cost.

Known multi-component thermal insulation materials (patent LT 4208) consisting of lime (5 + 71%), amorphous silica (11 + 25%), cement (0 + 13%), special structuring and performance additives (0,5 +11%), pigments (0.2 + 4%) and water (0 + 83%). The following properties of materials which could be used as thermal insulation are specified: density 180 + 610 kg / m3, compressive strength 0.15-2.5 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.051 + 0.120 W / (mK).

The disadvantage of these thermo-insulating materials is the complexity of the production technology: 3 hours of hydrothermal curing at 90 + 180 ° C and drying of the products at 120 ° C are required. Such operations require high energy and time costs. The production of this thermal insulation material is rather expensive (amorphous silica, lime, cement) and there is almost no possibility of using technogenic waste.

The closest intended use and properties of constructional insulating material (prototype) are described in M. Kligys' work (Kligys, Modestas. 2010. Technology and properties of composite material from porous cement paste and crushed polystyrene foam. Doctoral dissertation. Page 150). The described material has a low density (150 + 350 kg / m3) and a low thermal conductivity (0.049 + 0.096 W / m K) but has a very low strength (0.1 + 0.4 MPa) and is used as a binder. energy-intensive portand cement. In addition, this material is a complex manufacturing technology, since the above properties require the use of special additives (surfactants) and separate preparation (mating) of the binder.

There is a shortage of modern Lithuanian building materials market for building thermal insulation materials, which will save natural raw materials, partly by replacing them with technogenic waste and have a simple production process, good thermal insulation properties and low energy consumption. The examples described show that the building thermal insulation materials developed so far either have a rather complex manufacturing technology or have virtually no access to technogenic waste, which is very important both economically and environmentally.

The purpose of the present invention is to create a building thermal insulation material which can be used to insulate partitions of residential and industrial buildings by utilizing abundant technogenic waste in Lithuania (extruded push-dry phosphogypsum and crushed waste polystyrene foam packaging container waste).

This objective was achieved by choosing the following composition mass composition for the building thermal insulation material:

a composite binder (10 + 30% by volume) consisting of extruded phosphate gypsum phosphate (60 + 80%), Portland cement (20 + 10%) and opoka (20 + 10%);

filler - crushed spent polystyrene foam packaging waste (volume 90 + 70%). Particle size of filler is 1 + 15 mm.

At less than 70% aggregate, the building material has a high density and a thermal conductivity, which makes it unusable as a building thermal insulation material. At greater than 90% filler, the amount of composite binder becomes insufficient to bind the filler, which affects the dimensional stability of the building insulation material (poor adhesion of filler, cracking of product edges) and strength.

Products derived from the described building thermal insulation material could be used to insulate partitions of residential and industrial buildings.

The main features and advantages of the invention are set forth in the following table.

Table. Key features and advantages of the present invention

Part ijos N r. Molding composition,% Tank s, kg / m ³ Compressive sis strength, MPa Heat conductivity coefficient, W / w-K Composition no binder material Fineness of filling, mm <5 5 +10 10 + 1 5 1 30th 70 - - 520 1.30 0.141

2 30th 7th 0 490 1.17 0.131 3 30th - - 70 470 1.03 0.126 4 10th 90 - - 310 0.45 0.093 5 10th 9th 0 270 0.35 0.088 6th 10th - - 90 260 0.30 0.082

Note: Uniform crushed polystyrene foam packaging waste (shown in the table) or a mixture of different fractions may be used

The proposed construction thermal insulation material fully complies with the third waste management priority of the Law on Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania “to produce waste products or secondary raw materials suitable for the production of products”.

Claims (3)

Definition of the Invention 1. Building Thermal Insulation Composite Binder and Filler - Crushed Waste Polystyrene Foam Packaging Waste, characterized in that the binder used is a composition consisting of extruded hydrated phosphogypsum (60-80%), Portland cement (20-10%) and opoka (20-10%), and the filling is crushed spent polystyrene foam packaging waste in volume ratio: composite binder 10-30%, filler 90-70%. 2. The building insulation material referred to in claim 1, characterized in that up to 98% by volume of it is composed of technogenic waste - extruded phosphate gypsum and crushed spent polystyrene foam packaging waste. 3. The building thermal insulation material referred to in claim 1, characterized in that no special additives are required to ensure the properties of the material (density, strength, thermal conductivity).