KR880012602A - 피소스티그민 유도체의 유기염 - Google Patents
피소스티그민 유도체의 유기염 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR880012602A KR880012602A KR1019880003709A KR880003709A KR880012602A KR 880012602 A KR880012602 A KR 880012602A KR 1019880003709 A KR1019880003709 A KR 1019880003709A KR 880003709 A KR880003709 A KR 880003709A KR 880012602 A KR880012602 A KR 880012602A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- organic
- solution
- physostigmine
- carried out
- Prior art date
Links
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N physostigmine Chemical class C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N 0.000 title claims 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 102000012440 Acetylcholinesterase Human genes 0.000 claims 3
- 108010022752 Acetylcholinesterase Proteins 0.000 claims 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229940022698 acetylcholinesterase Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical group OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Physostigmine Natural products C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)C2C1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical group OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229960001697 physostigmine Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
- C07C57/13—Dicarboxylic acids
- C07C57/145—Maleic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C59/235—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group
- C07C59/245—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
- C07C59/255—Tartaric acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C59/235—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group
- C07C59/245—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
- C07C59/265—Citric acid
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
내용 없음
Description
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제 1 도는 실시예 1의 화합물에 대한 TMS를 사용한 CDCI3중의 NMR 스팩트럼이다. 제 2도는 실시예 1의 화합물에 대한 뉴졸(Nujol)중의 IR 스팩트럼이다. 제 3 도는 실시예 1의 화합물에 대한 UV 스팩트럼(수용액 20g/ml)이다.
Claims (16)
1. 일반식(Ⅰ)을 갖는 피소스티그민 유도체의 유기염.
상기 식에서, R은 직쇄 또는 측쇄 C2-C12알킬 또는 사이클로알킬 또는 아릴이고;X-는 유기산의 음이온이다.
제 1 항에 있어서, X가 타타르산, 말레산 및 시스트르산으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 유기산의 음이온의 염.
제 1 항에 있어서, R이 C7H15이고, X-가 타타르산 음이온인 염.
a) 유기 용매중에서 알칼리를 사용하여 피소스티그민을 가수분해하고, 이어서 무기산으로 처리하여 구조식(Ⅱ)의 에세롤린을 수득하고, 이를 결정화시켜 정제하고 ; b) 유기용매중에서 에세롤린을 일반식 R-N=C=O의 이소시아네이트로 처리하여 상응하는 일반식(Ⅲ)의 피소스티그민 유도체를 수득하고; c) 유기용매중에서 수득된 피소스티그민 유도체를 유기산으로 염화시킴을 특징으로 하여, 일반식(Ⅰ)의 피소스티그민 유도체의 유기 염을 제조하는 방법.
상기 식에서, R은 직쇄 또는 측쇄 C2-C12알킬 또는 사이클로알킬 또는 아릴이고; X-는 유기산의 음이온이다.
제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 피소스티그민의 가수분해 반응을, 주위온도에서 질소 대기하에 무수에탄올중 5 내지 30%(W/W) 수산화나트륨 또는 수산화칼슘 수용액으로 처리하여 수행하는 방법.
제 4 항에 있어서, 상기의 무기산과의 처리 반응을 IN 염산용액으로 수행하는 방법.
제 4 항에 있어서, 상기의 에세톨린 정제공정을 1:1 벤젠/석유에테르 혼합물로부터 결정화시켜 수행하는 방법.
제 4 항에 있어서, 이소시아네치트를 사용한 에세롤린의 처리 반응을 주위 온도에서 질소 대기하에 나트륨 또는 고체 수산화나트륨 미량의 존재하에 이텔에테르중에서 수행하는 방법.
제 4 항에 있어서, 에세롤린을 이소시아네이트로 처리하는 반응을 2개의 시약이 등몰비가 될때까지 에틸에테르중의 이소시안아네이트 용액을 에틸에테르중 에세롤린 용액에 서서히 가함으로써 수행하는 방법.
제 4 항에 있어서, 피소스티그민 유도체(Ⅲ)와 유기산과의 염화반응을 주위 온도에서 일반식(Ⅲ)의 용액을 유기산의 용액과 혼합함으로써 수행하는 방법.
제10항에 있어서, 일반식(Ⅲ)의 용액이, 일반식(Ⅲ)의 화합물 1g당 용매 5 내지 25ml의 범위인, 이소프로필 에테르 또는 이소프로필 알코올 또는 그의 혼합물중의 용액인 방법.
제10항에 있어서, 유기산 용액이, 산 1g당 용매 5 내지 35ml의 범위인, 이소프로필 알코올중의 용액인 방법.
제10항에 있어서, 상기의 혼합을 2개의 시약의 등몰량으로 수행하는 방법.
일반식(Ⅰ)의 피소스티그민 유도체의 유기염의 아세틸콜린에스테라제 저해 특징을 갖는 약제학적 조성물의 제조를 위한 용도.
X가 타타르산, 말레산 및 시트르산으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 유기산의 음이온인 일반식(Ⅰ)의 피소스티그민 유도체의 유기염의, 아세틸콜린에스테라제 저해 특성을 갖는 약제학적 조성물의 제조를 위한 용도.
R이 C7H15이고, X-가 타타르산의 음이온 일반식(Ⅰ)의 피소스티그민 유도체의 유기염의 아세틸콜린에스테라제 저해 특성을 갖는 약제학적 조성물의 제조를 위한 용도.
※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT19964A | 1987-04-03 | ||
IT?1996??/87? | 1987-04-03 | ||
IT8719964A IT1225462B (it) | 1987-04-03 | 1987-04-03 | Sali organici di derivati della fisostigmina |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR880012602A true KR880012602A (ko) | 1988-11-28 |
KR960007865B1 KR960007865B1 (ko) | 1996-06-13 |
Family
ID=11162687
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019880003709A KR960007865B1 (ko) | 1987-04-03 | 1988-04-02 | 피소스티그민 유도체의 유기염, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 약제학적 조성물 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4978673A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0298202B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JPH0826023B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR960007865B1 (ko) |
AT (1) | ATE110725T1 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA1331616C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE3851279T2 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2060616T3 (ko) |
IE (1) | IE64617B1 (ko) |
IT (1) | IT1225462B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4791107A (en) * | 1986-07-16 | 1988-12-13 | Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Memory enhancing and analgesic 1,2,3,3A,8,8A-hexahydro-3A,8 (and) 1,3A,8)-di(and tri)methylpyrrolo(2,3-B)indoles, compositions and use |
US5187165A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1993-02-16 | Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Memory enhancing and analgesic 1,2,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-3a,8(and 1,3a,8)-di(and tri)methylpyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles |
US4914102A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1990-04-03 | Hoechst Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | N-aminocarbamates related to physostigmine, pharmacentical compositions and use |
US5077289A (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1991-12-31 | Hoechst Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Memory enhancing and analgesic aminocarbonylcarbamates related to physostigmine |
US5177101A (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1993-01-05 | Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Memory enhancing and analgesic aminocarbonylcarbamates related to physostigmine |
US4983616A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1991-01-08 | Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Hexahydropyrrolo(2,3-B)indole carbamates, ureas, amides and related compounds |
IT1244746B (it) * | 1991-02-14 | 1994-08-08 | Laboratorio Chimico Int Spa | Procedimento per la preparazione dell'1,3a,8,-trimetil-1,2,3,3a,8,-8a-esaidro pirrol (2,3-b) indolo-5(3as,8ar)-eptilcarbammato |
EP0513703A3 (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1993-01-13 | Magis Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Carbamate esters of eseroline having anticholinesterase activity, a process for their preparation and relative pharmaceutical compositions containing them as the active principle |
IT1251166B (it) * | 1991-08-09 | 1995-05-04 | Chiesi Farma Spa | Derivati di geneserina,loro preparazione e composizioni farmaceutiche che li contengono |
US5171750A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1992-12-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Substituted phenserines as specific inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase |
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PH30885A (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1997-12-23 | Hoechst Roussel Pharma | Preparation of physostigmie carbamate derivatives from physostigmine. |
IT1276928B1 (it) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-11-03 | Angelini Ricerche Spa | Processo migliorato per produrre eptastigmina e nuovo intermedio utile allo scopo |
US6218383B1 (en) | 1998-08-07 | 2001-04-17 | Targacept, Inc. | Pharmaceutical compositions for the prevention and treatment of central nervous system disorders |
US6495700B1 (en) | 2002-01-09 | 2002-12-17 | Axonyx, Inc. | Process for producing phenserine and its analog |
US20050182044A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-08-18 | Bruinsma Gosse B. | Combinatorial therapy with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and (3aR)-1,3a,8-trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3,-b]indol-5-yl phenylcarbamate |
CA2508585A1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-01 | Axonyx, Inc. | Transdermal delivery system for treatment of cognitive disorders |
EP1604686A1 (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-14 | Axonyx, Inc. | Use of phenserine and a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor for delaying Alzheimer's disease progression |
EP2533645B1 (en) | 2010-02-09 | 2016-07-27 | The Johns Hopkins University | Methods and compositions for improving cognitive function |
US20130096316A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Qr Pharma, Inc. | Novel Method for Preparation of Bisnorcymerine and Salts Thereof |
JP6440625B2 (ja) | 2012-11-14 | 2018-12-19 | ザ・ジョンズ・ホプキンス・ユニバーシティー | 精神分裂病を処置するための方法および組成物 |
CN104853755B (zh) | 2012-12-13 | 2017-08-22 | H.隆德贝克有限公司 | 包含沃替西汀和多奈哌齐的组合物 |
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---|---|---|---|---|
IT1109003B (it) * | 1977-09-20 | 1985-12-16 | Univ Firenze | Derivati dell 1 2 3 8 3 a 8 a esai dropirrolo 23 b indolo |
IT1199076B (it) * | 1984-03-01 | 1988-12-30 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | Derivati della fisostigmina con proprieta'di inibizione della aceticolinesterasi e relativo procedimento di produzione |
US4791107A (en) * | 1986-07-16 | 1988-12-13 | Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Memory enhancing and analgesic 1,2,3,3A,8,8A-hexahydro-3A,8 (and) 1,3A,8)-di(and tri)methylpyrrolo(2,3-B)indoles, compositions and use |
-
1987
- 1987-04-03 IT IT8719964A patent/IT1225462B/it active
-
1988
- 1988-03-28 EP EP88104977A patent/EP0298202B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-28 AT AT88104977T patent/ATE110725T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-28 DE DE3851279T patent/DE3851279T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-28 US US07/172,799 patent/US4978673A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-28 ES ES88104977T patent/ES2060616T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-30 IE IE96088A patent/IE64617B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-31 CA CA000563027A patent/CA1331616C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-02 KR KR1019880003709A patent/KR960007865B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-04 JP JP63081443A patent/JPH0826023B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0826023B2 (ja) | 1996-03-13 |
KR960007865B1 (ko) | 1996-06-13 |
DE3851279T2 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
ES2060616T3 (es) | 1994-12-01 |
ATE110725T1 (de) | 1994-09-15 |
IE64617B1 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
EP0298202B1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
EP0298202A1 (en) | 1989-01-11 |
JPS6425777A (en) | 1989-01-27 |
US4978673A (en) | 1990-12-18 |
CA1331616C (en) | 1994-08-23 |
IT8719964A0 (it) | 1987-04-03 |
DE3851279D1 (de) | 1994-10-06 |
IE880960L (en) | 1988-10-03 |
IT1225462B (it) | 1990-11-14 |
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