KR20240070566A - Phytosterol-based agricultural composition and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A multiphasic agricultural composition in the form of a suspension-emulsion comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, wherein the lipophilic droplets are dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition further comprising:
- at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplet and the aqueous phase and selected from SF soluble in the aqueous phase (water SF1) and SF soluble in the lipophilic droplet (oil SF1); and
- at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase and in the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase.

Description

Phytosterol-based agricultural composition and use thereof

The present invention relates to agriculture, particularly to cultivated plants, especially to plants grown in the field, and to the prevention of adverse effects associated with exposure of said cultivated plants to abiotic and/or biotic stresses, including loss of dry matter. will be. Accordingly, the present invention provides a phytosterol-based composition, a method for its preparation, a slurry comprising said diluted composition, and a preventive treatment particularly targeting the onset of adverse effects caused by exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stresses. It relates to its use in processing methods.

Plants, namely agricultural crops, especially ornamental plants, are subject to various forms of stress. In particular, plants are continuously exposed to the environment and cannot avoid abiotic stressors (drought, cold, frost, salinity, etc.). At the same time, plants are also exposed to biotic stressors, i.e. stress resulting from the harmful action of living or biologically aggressive organisms (viruses, fungi, bacteria, insects, pests, etc.) and, more generally, plant pathogens.

For the purposes of the present invention, “abiotic stress” means abiotic stimuli to living plant organisms, such as climatic hazards to crops.

For the purposes of the present invention, “plant pathogen” means a pathogen capable of infecting and/or invading plant parts and causing disease therein.

Generally, these abiotic and biotic stresses cause morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants, resulting in reduced crop yield per hectare, i.e. reduced dry matter yield or quality.

In other words, cultivated plants, for example plants grown in the field, are subject to these various forms of stress, which can be achieved under optimal conditions (watering, daylight/night periods, absence of exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stresses). Compared to plants grown under controlled conditions, it will cause, among other effects, a reduction in dry matter yield.

To cope with abiotic stresses, especially water stress (or drought), farmers have adapted by simplifying crop rotations and prioritizing winter crops. The first consequence of this simplification is an increased risk that plants (weeds) and pests growing in the wild will develop resistance to phytopharmaceutical products, as well as an increased risk of water pollution due to mass use of the products at the same time throughout the year. The second consequence is the unbalanced cultivation of starch-producing plants (particularly straw grains) compared to protein-producing plants (legumes). Additionally, to combat drought, farmers rely on extensive crop irrigation, which causes environmental and economic problems.

Regarding the fight against biotic stress, farmers use chemical or biological control products that rely on natural mechanisms. However, the use of chemicals in agriculture is controversial given their potential toxicity to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the effect while minimizing the amount of product used as much as possible.

To combat these different types of stress, therapeutic treatments have been proposed, which consist of applying mixtures of surfactants such as sucrose stearate and β-sitosterol to plants after exposure to biotic or abiotic stresses. This is for example the case in the applicant's document WO2019/030442 A1, which describes the application of a composition containing 80% by weight sucrose stearate and 20% by weight β-sitosterol, diluted to 3% in water.

Similarly, document WO 2018/229710 describes a composition for stimulating plant growth, where applicable, in the presence of stress factors, the composition comprising a concentrated mixture of phytosterols in an amount greater than 25% by weight of the suspension. It is in the form of a suspension. The goal is to increase the concentration of phytosterols so that they can be applied in smaller quantities. In practice, the amount of composition applied is 400 g/ha. Additionally, the composition contains wetting agents and/or surfactants, each present in amounts of 1% to 5%. The suspension is obtained by grinding the various ingredients until the particle size is smaller than 10 μm. This document shows that the composition shows a better biostimulatory effect compared to the same non-ground composition. One of the disadvantages of the composition is its price, which is associated with the large amount of phytosterols it contains, the price of which is especially high.

Therefore, the problem that the present invention purports to solve is to develop alternative phytosterol-based compositions that can be applied in the lowest possible quantities, while exhibiting high efficiency with respect to abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting in only minor dry matter losses.

The applicant therefore proposes no longer a solution or suspension, but rather an oil-in-water emulsion in particulate form in which the aqueous phase contains the surfactant, thus enabling the surfactant- and phytosterol-based compositions described in documents WO2019/030442 A1 and WO 2018/229710 was completed, and the composition is also referred to as a multiphase composition below.

Accordingly, the applicant has most surprisingly found that the composition of the present invention can reduce processing costs by significantly reducing the amount of phytosterol applied.

In addition, if the compositions of the invention are applied to crops as preventive care, i.e. before the onset of stress, they provide additional protection against the detrimental effects of abiotic and/or biotic stresses, in particular the loss of dry matter and the resulting reduction in yield per hectare. It was found that reduction was possible.

Applicants believe that the surfactant present in the aqueous phase may cause wetting of the composition through the cuticle, particularly through solubilization of some or all of the epicuticle wax (the wax located in the outermost part of the cuticle surface) and the wax present within the cutin layer. It is assumed that it plays a special role in the properties and penetration of the composition, thereby creating an access path for aqueous-based materials.

Epicuticular wax appears to form “crystals” on the surface of the leaf, which accounts for the creation of angles that prevent the droplets from spreading properly.

Therefore, particulate surfactants will allow solubilization of these waxes and reduce or even eliminate the presence of these angles. At the same time, the surfactant present in the aqueous phase loosens the bonds between the constituent molecules of cutin and promotes the penetration of droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols into the plant cell membrane.

As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of phytosterols contained in the composition by improving their diffusion into the cell membranes of the plant in order to obtain beneficial effects on the plant that are at least similar to, and often better than, those provided by the compositions of the prior art. .

The first surfactant, i.e. the first surfactant present at the interface of the oil droplet and the aqueous phase, plays a general role in stabilizing the emulsion.

Consequently, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a multiphasic agricultural composition in the form of a suspension-emulsion comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase, said composition further includes:

- at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplet and the aqueous phase and selected from SF soluble in the aqueous phase (water SF1) and SF soluble in the lipophilic droplet (oil SF1); and

- at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase and in the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase.

In the description of the invention, lipophilic droplets are also referred to as oil droplets.

The composition is considered "multiphasic" in that it contains two distinct oil and aqueous phases, but cannot be described as a suspension or emulsion, in that the aqueous phase also contains a third phase consisting of solid particles. Therefore, it can be described as a suspension-emulsion.

According to a first feature of the composition, at least one first surfactant (SF1) is located at the interface of the lipophilic droplet and the aqueous phase and comprises SF soluble in the aqueous phase (water SF1) and SF soluble in the lipophilic droplet (oil SF1). ) is selected from among. In general, water SF1 and oil SF1 have different ratios of hydrophobic portions and hydrophilic portions. In fact, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of water SF1 is higher than that of oil SF1. In contrast, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of oil SF1 is higher than that of water SF1. In certain embodiments, water SF1 and oil SF1 are the same.

According to a second feature of the composition, at least one second surfactant (SF2) is suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase.

In the context of the present invention, the expression “insoluble in aqueous phase” refers to a compound that exhibits the property of being unable to form a homogeneous solution with water at a given temperature and atmospheric pressure at the microscopic or macroscopic level.

In contrast, the word "soluble" refers to a compound that produces a homogeneous solution without the insoluble particles remaining when added to a liquid at a given temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Advantageously, the first surfactant (water SF1) is soluble in water heated at 80° C. at a concentration of at least 2 g/L.

Advantageously, the first surfactant (oil SF1) is soluble in the oil heated at 110° C. at a concentration of at least 2 g/L.

Advantageously, the solubility limit in water of the second surfactant (SF2) observed in practice at 25° C. is less than 10 mg/L, preferably less than 5 mg/L and more preferably less than 2 mg/L.

The Applicant claims that phytosterol compositions formulated in this way and applied to crops as a prophylactic treatment, i.e. in an effective amount before the onset of stress, combat the harmful effects of abiotic and/or biotic stresses, in particular the loss of dry matter and the resulting yield per hectare. Attention was paid to the fact that the reduction could be reduced.

As used herein, an “effective amount” is an amount sufficient to effect a beneficial or desired result.

In particular, the compositions of the present invention provide the benefit of improving plant growth and reducing the number of days that grown plants are below the boiling point. Plants may therefore be better able to cope with the detrimental effects of exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stresses.

In other words, application of the compositions of the present invention to plants grown before the onset of abiotic and/or biotic stress increases the time spent at readily available soil water reserves (EUSWR) and the time spent below the boiling point; This means that the time spent in soil viable reserves (SSR) is reduced. The result is improved dry matter production and/or yield.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "readily available soil water reserve" (or EUSWR) refers to the use that can be extracted by cultivated plants without reducing transpiration (or evapotranspiration), which causes water stress or limits growth. It refers to the percentage of available soil water reserves (USWR). EUSWR typically accounts for 40 to 80% of USWR, depending on soil depth and plant species grown.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term “soil viable reserve” (or SSR) refers to the proportion of USWR that cannot be extracted by cultivated plants. As a result, the plant is in a state of water stress because transpiration (or evapotranspiration) is not reduced. Therefore, cultivated plants may have limited growth or even wilt.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "wet point" (or WP) is defined as the soil water state below which the plant can no longer draw the water it needs for growth, i.e. below which the tension between the roots and the plant increases and the refers to the point at which water can no longer be extracted from the soil. Therefore, this is the threshold below which the cultivated plant completely consumes EUSWR and wilts, affecting yield, although this is reversible. This parameter is determined in particular by measuring soil moisture using, for example, a neutron probe, tensiometer or time domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture meter. The boiling point depends on the field water capacity and the amount of water available to the plants depending on the different soil types and variety of plants grown.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term “yield” refers to the amount of product harvested from a given growing area, whether seed or fruit, dry matter or green matter, or wine.

For the purposes of the present invention, in contrast to plants that exist naturally, the term "cultivated plants" refers to all plants that can be cultivated, i.e., sown, planted and utilized by humans.

“Plant” means all plants and plant populations, such as desirable or undesirable wild plants, cultivated varieties and plant varieties (whether or not protectable by plant variety or plant breeder's rights). Cultivars and plant variants can be produced using traditional propagation and breeding methods, which may be assisted or supplemented by one or more biotechnological methods, such as doubling haploidy, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, molecular or genetic markers, or biotechnology and genetic engineering methods. It may be a plant obtained by .

The term “plant” includes, but is not limited to, shoot vegetative organs/structures (e.g., leaves, stems, and tubers), roots, flowers, and floral organs/structures (e.g., bracts, sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, anthers, and ovule), seeds (including embryo, endosperm, and seed coat) and fruits (mature ovary), plant tissues (e.g., vascular tissue, ground tissue, etc.) and cells (e.g., guard cells, egg cells, etc.), and Includes the entire plant and its parts, including progeny. “Fruit” and “plant product” should be understood as any plant product that is utilized further after harvesting and is anything of economic value produced from plants, such as fruits, nuts, wood, etc. in the proper sense.

As another feature, the majority of the lipophilic droplets present in the composition prior to the addition of SF2, advantageously at least 90% of the lipophilic droplets (also referred to as Dv90 emulsions), are between 0.01 and 70 μm, preferably between 0.01 and 70 μm, as determined by laser diffraction. has a diameter comprised between 0.1 and 50 μm, most preferably between 0.1 and 20 μm, and preferably has a maximum peak below 10 μm, advantageously between 0.5 and 7 μm, preferably between 2 and 6 μm.

An essential feature of the invention is that the composition contains at least two surfactants, referred to as SF1 and SF2.

The composition therefore contains a first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the oil droplet and the aqueous phase. This first SF is selected from SF that is soluble in the aqueous phase (water SF1) and SF that is soluble in the oil droplet (oil SF1).

Accordingly, at the interface of the oil droplet and the aqueous phase, the composition may contain:

- at least one water SF1, or

- at least one oil SF1, or

- At least one water SF1 and at least one oil SF1.

The composition also contains a secondary surfactant (SF2).

The second surfactant (SF2) is in the form of particles.

Advantageously at least 90% of the particles of the composition of the invention (also called Dv90 suspension-emulsion) have a diameter comprised between 1 and 1000 μm, advantageously between 10 and 250 μm, as determined by laser diffraction, and preferably It has a maximum peak between 10 μm and 100 μm.

In other words, the composition may contain:

- at least one water SF1 and at least one SF2, or

- at least one oil SF1 and at least one SF2, or

- At least one water SF1, at least one oil SF1 and at least one SF2.

To facilitate the method of preparing the composition, the composition contains at least two SFs and each at least one oil SF1 and/or water SF1 and at least one SF2, wherein the oil SF1 or water SF1 and SF2 are the same.

For example, fatty acid sugar esters can be used as both water SF1 and oil SF1 because they are soluble in oil and water at different temperatures.

In practice, water SF1, oil SF1 and SF2 are selected depending on the desired solubility in water or lipophilic droplets from the group comprising:

- anionic surfactants, advantageously those whose polar head groups are carboxylates, sulfonates or sulfated alcohols;

- cationic surfactants, advantageously those in which the polar head group is an amine, quaternary amine or quaternary ammonium ester;

- amphoteric surfactants, advantageously betaine derivatives or phospholipids;

- neutral surfactants, advantageously ethoxylates, alkanolamines, alkylglucamides, polyol esters, alkyl monoglucosides or alkyl polyglucosides, polyol ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (in particular Tween 20, Tween 21 , Tween 22, Tween 23, Tween 24, Tween 28, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 61, Tween 65, Tween 80), or sorbitan esters (especially Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, Span 80, Span 83, Span 85, Span 120);

- natural surfactants, advantageously lecithin, preferably soy lecithin, or surfactants derived from amino acids; and - surfactants synthesized from natural sources, advantageously polyol derivatives, preferably fatty acid sugar esters; Preferred fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.

In the remainder of the description and claims, the terms “sucrose stearate” and “saccharose stearate” are used interchangeably. Additionally, “sucrose palmitate” and “saccharose palmitate” are used without difference.

In the description and claims, the expression “saccharose stearate” refers to pure saccharose stearate or a mixture of saccharose esters of fatty acids containing mainly saccharose stearate. An example of pure saccharose stearate corresponds to CAS number [136152-91-5]. Examples of saccharose ester mixtures of fatty acids containing mainly saccharose stearate correspond for example to CAS numbers [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5].

In the description and claims, the expression “saccharose palmitate” refers to pure saccharose palmitate or a mixture of saccharose esters of fatty acids containing mainly saccharose palmitate. An example of pure saccharose palmitate corresponds to CAS number [110539-62-3]. An example of a mixture of saccharose esters of fatty acids containing mainly saccharose palmitate corresponds to CAS number [26446-38-8].

Preferably, the composition contains at least one oil SF1 or water SF1 and at least one SF2, both of which are selected from the group comprising fatty acid sugar esters.

In fact, these esters are solid at ambient temperature. This is a naturally lipophilic compound and is insoluble in the aqueous phase, making it a candidate for the role of SF2. It is also soluble in oil droplets, but only under the condition of prior heating to its melting point, which can be easily determined by a skilled technician. For this reason, it is also a candidate for the role of oil SF1. This explains why oils SF1 and SF2 can be the same.

Fatty acid sugar esters can also be used as both water SF1 and oil SF1. In practice, sucrose esters are generally soluble in water at high temperatures. This concerns, for example, sucrose stearate, which is soluble in water at about 80°C.

Advantageously, the fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and polyesters thereof, or mixtures thereof.

According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant, in this case oil SF1 or water SF1, and/or the second surfactant SF2 is a surfactant containing sucrose stearate or, advantageously, saccharose stearate and sucrose palmitate. Contains a mixture.

According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant (oil SF1) and/or (water SF1) and/or the second surfactant (SF2) is a mixture containing:

- a monoester content in the range of 20% to 80% by weight of saccharose stearate, advantageously 70%, with the remainder being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters. 80%, advantageously 70% saccharose stearate; and

- a monoester content in the range of 20% to 80% by weight of saccharose palmitate, advantageously 70%, with the remainder being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters. 80%, advantageously 30% saccharose palmitate.

According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant oil SF1 and/or water SF1 and/or the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5 ])am. Preferably, the composition contains one first surfactant oil SF1 or water SF1 and one second surfactant SF2, wherein oil SF1 or water SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearate.

According to another specific embodiment, the first surfactant oil SF1 and/or the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS [26446-38-8].

According to another specific embodiment, the first surfactant oil SF1 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4]) and the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose. palmitate, preferably CAS number [26446-38-8] or the first surfactant oil SF1 is sucrose palmitate and the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose stearate.

According to another specific embodiment, the first surfactant oil SF1 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4]) or sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS number [26446-38-8], and the second surfactant SF2 is soy lecithin CAS [8002-43-5].

According to certain embodiments, the first surfactant (SF1) comprises 0.2% to 10% of the composition by weight and the second surfactant (SF2) comprises 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight.

Advantageously, the first surfactant (oil SF1) is the same as the second surfactant (SF2). In this case, the first surfactant preferably accounts for 3% to 7% of the composition by weight and the second surfactant preferably accounts for 0.1% to 2.5% of the composition by weight and is advantageously sucrose. stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).

As mentioned above, in certain embodiments, the composition contains at least one water SF1, at least one oil SF1, and at least one SF2.

Advantageously, the water SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, the oil SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters and the SF2 is selected from the group of natural surfactants.

In a preferred embodiment, the water SF1 is polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), the oil SF1 is sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) and the SF2 is soy lecithin (CAS [8002-43-5]).

In another embodiment, the water SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, the oil SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters and the SF2 is selected from the group comprising fatty acid sugar esters.

In another preferred embodiment, the water SF1 is Tween 20, the oil SF1 is Span 85 and SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).

In another preferred embodiment, the water SF1 is Tween 80, the oil SF1 is Span 20 and SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).

According to certain embodiments, the mixture of phytosterols of the invention contains free phytosterols and/or conjugated phytosterols, wherein the conjugated phytosterols advantageously comprise phytosterol esters, phytosterol glycosides, acylated phytosterol glycosides and mixtures thereof. is selected from among

Examples of free phytosterols in the context of the present invention include β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, cholesterol and brassicasterol, and mixtures thereof.

An example of a phytosterol ester in the context of the present invention is that of esterified β-sitosterol.

Examples of phytosterol glycosides in the context of the present invention include β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside and glucosyl stigmasterol.

Examples of acylated phytosterol glycosides in the context of the present invention include 16:0 cytosteryl glucose, 18:1 cytosteryl glucose, 16:0 stigmasteryl glucose, and 18:1 stigmasteryl glucose.

According to certain embodiments, the mixture of phytosterols also contains at least one precursor of the phytosterol biosynthetic pathway or at least one derivative thereof. This may be, for example, a molecule selected from the group comprising squalene, squalane, mevalonate and cycloartenol.

According to a specific embodiment, the mixture of phytosterols in the context of the present invention contains β-sitosterol.

Advantageously, the mixture of phytosterols contains β-sitosterol, which accounts for at least 30%, preferably at least 35%, by weight of the mixture of phytosterols, the remainder being campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, especially where appropriate. Contains up to %.

By way of example, the mixture of phytosterols of the present invention may be a phytosterol extract obtained from oilseed seeds such as soybeans, pine seeds, sunflower seeds or rape seeds. One possible example of a mixture of the above phytosterols is the raw material with CAS number [949109-75-5]. The mixture of phytosterols of the present invention may be an extract of phytosterols obtained from pine wood after conversion into wood pulp.

According to a specific embodiment, the mixture of phytosterols accounts for 0.2% to 10%, advantageously 0.5% to 7% and preferably 1% to 5% of the composition by weight.

According to certain embodiments, the composition of the present invention contains:

- a mixture comprising β-sitosterol together with campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, advantageously accounting for at least 30% by weight of the mixture; and

- a first surfactant (oil SF1) and/or a second surfactant (SF2) comprising saccharose stearate, advantageously a mixture containing saccharose stearate and saccharose palmitate.

According to another specific embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains:

- a mixture of phytosterols corresponding to CAS number [949109-75-5] and

- A first surfactant (oil SF1) identical to a second surfactant (SF2), for example sucrose stearate with CAS number [84066-95-5 or 25168-73-4].

According to a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the mixture of phytosterols to the first surfactant (SF1) and the second surfactant (SF2) is between 0.01 and 15, advantageously between 0.1 and 5.

According to certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention also contain at least one ingredient selected from the group comprising:

- from the group comprising glycerin, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 100 to 200 to 8000 Da, advantageously 200 to 1000 Da, preferably 200 Da and more preferably 400 Da. at least one fluidizing agent selected; The fluidizing agent advantageously accounts for 1% to 15%, advantageously 2% to 8% of the composition by weight; and/or

- Lecithin, fatty alcohols such as oleyl alcohol; Fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid; at least one solubilizer for phytosterols (or fatty substances) selected from the group comprising glycerides, triglycerides, vegetable oils, advantageously soybean oil, grapeseed oil, sea buckthorn oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil or sunflower oil; The solubilizer advantageously accounts for 1% to 30%, advantageously 4% to 15% of the composition by weight; and/or

- from the group comprising silanes, siloxanes, triglycerides, mixtures of fatty acids, mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters, advantageously comprising methyl tetradecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate and methyl octadecanoate, or mixtures thereof. at least one wetting agent selected; The humectant advantageously accounts for 0.1% to 5% of the composition by weight; and/or

- natural chelating agents, advantageously sodium phytate or amino acid based chelating agents; and synthetic chelating agents, advantageously 2,2'-bipyridine, dimercaptopropanol, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl)-N ,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acid (EGTA), ethylenediaminetetra. At least one chelating agent selected from the group consisting of acetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, salicylic acid or triethanolamine, preferably EDTA; The chelating agent advantageously accounts for 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight; and/or

- Advantageously benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid and its salts, especially sodium benzoate, dehydroacetic acid and its salts, especially sodium dehydroacetate, salicylic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, especially potassium sorbate, 2-phenylethanol, at least one preservative selected from the group comprising phenoxyethanol, phenylpropanol, preferably benzyl alcohol; The preservative advantageously accounts for 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight.

Of course, all of the above components may have more properties than those cited above.

According to another embodiment, the composition of the present invention includes citric acid and its salts, tartic acid and its salts, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate, lecithin, tocopherol, polyphenol, butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluol. , octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, and lycopene.

According to certain embodiments, the composition of the invention advantageously comprises:

- of the composition by weight, which are preferably identical, advantageously saccharose stearate, even more advantageously saccharose stearate with CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4] 0.2% to 30% of at least the first and second surfactants;

- a mixture of phytosterols containing 0.2% to 10% of the composition by weight of β-sitosterol, wherein β-sitosterol advantageously accounts for at least 30% of the mixture by weight, the remainder being campesterol, stigmasterol and bra comprising a mixture of sicasterol, the entire mixture even more advantageously corresponding to CAS number [949109-75-5];

- 1% to 15% of the composition by weight of a fluidizing agent, advantageously a polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 200 to 8000 Da, advantageously 200 to 1000 Da, preferably 400 Da; or the aforementioned vegetable oils;

- 0.1% to 5% of the composition by weight of wetting agents, advantageously fatty acid methyl esters, preferably comprising methyl tetradecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and methylhexadecanoate or mixtures thereof;

- a preservative, advantageously benzyl alcohol, from 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight;

- a natural or synthetic chelating agent, preferably EDTA, advantageously as described above, from 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight; and

- The rest is water (Water QSP 100%).

According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a slurry produced by diluting the composition as described above.

Accordingly, for the purposes of the present invention, the term “slurry” refers to a composition of the present invention diluted in water or a solution containing water and one or more active ingredients. The product applied to plants in the field is a slurry.

Advantageously, the viscosity of the slurry of the invention is 200 cP or less, advantageously 1 cP or strictly more, and 100 cP or less. In the context of the present invention, viscosity is measured using an Anton Paar QC300 viscometer and the measurements are carried out at ambient temperature using a DG26 measuring system.

Advantageously, the pH of the slurry of the invention is between 5 and 8, preferably between 5 and 7 and even more advantageously between 6 and 7.

In the context of the present invention, the Applicant believes that diluting the composition as a slurry can solubilize the solid components of the second surfactant still present in suspension in the aqueous phase, or increase the amount of the second surfactant present in solubilized form. It was assumed that this could be done, thereby ensuring a more effective slurry and, accordingly, a more effective composition of the present invention.

According to certain embodiments, the mixture of phytosterols and surfactant(s) of the invention is combined with at least one active ingredient.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "active ingredient" refers to a product that allows plants to combat abiotic and/or biotic stresses, and is advantageously selected from the group comprising:

- Phytopharmaceutical products such as plant growth regulators, fungicides, fungicides, bactericides, bacteriostatic agents, insecticides, acaricides, anthelmintics, nematicides, talpicides or herbicides;

- Biocontrol products based on natural mechanisms that allow plants to fight fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition from weeds; and/or

- Organic or inorganic nutrients such as trace elements or fertilizers.

As used herein, the term “bactericidal agent” refers to the ability of a substance to increase the mortality rate of bacteria or to inhibit the growth rate of bacteria.

The terms "insecticide" and "insecticide" refer to the ability of a substance to increase insect mortality or inhibit the growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insect” includes all organisms belonging to the class “insect”.

The terms “nematicide” and “nematicidal activity” refer to the ability of a substance to increase the mortality rate or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes. Generally, the term “nematode” includes eggs, larvae, larvae and mature forms of these organisms.

The terms “caricide” and “carcinogenic” refer to the ability of a substance to increase the mortality rate or inhibit the growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnid, subclass Acarina.

Plant growth regulators may be selected from the group consisting of:

- Antioxidants: clofibric acid, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid;

- Auxin: 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA, naphthaleneacetamide, α -Naphthalene acetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T;

- Cytokinins: 2iP, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 2,6-dimethylpyridine, kinetin, zeatin;

- Agent Orange: calcium cyanamide, dimethipine, endotal, merphos, methoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribuphos, tributyl phosphorotrithioate;

- Ethylene regulators: Aviglycine, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), Prohexadione (Prohexadione Calcium), Trinexapac (Trinexapac-ethyl);

- Ethylene releasing agents: ACC, etacelacil, ethephon, glyoxime; Gibberellin: Gibberellin, gibberellic acid;

- Growth inhibitors: abscisic acid, ancymidol, butraline, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorpropham, dikegulac, flumetraline, fluoridamide, fosamine, glyphosine, isopirimol, jasmonic acid, maleic acid. hydrazide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate), fiproctanil, prohydrosasmone, propham, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid;

- Morpactin: chlorflurane, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenol;

- Growth retardants: chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobutrazole, tetcyclasis, uniconazole, metconazole;

- Growth promoters: brassinolide, forchlorfenuron, himexazole;

- Unclassified plant growth regulators/unclassified: amidochlor, benzofluor, buminaphos, carvone, choline chloride, thiobutide, clofencet, cloxiphonac, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cyclohexyl. Mead, cyprosulfamide, epocholeon, ethiclozate, ethylene, penridazone, fluprimidol, fluthiacet, heptopargyl, holosulf, inabenpid, carretazan, lead arsenate, methasulfocarb, Pydanone, Syntofen, Triapenthenol.

Fungicides and fungicide properties may be selected from the following groups:

- Respiratory depressants

- Examples include azoxystrobin, cumethoxystrobin, cumoxystrobin, dimoxistrobin, enestrobulin, phenaminestrobin, phenoxystrobin/fluphenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxime-methyl, metomino. Strobin, orisastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyrao-zystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyribencarb, triclopyricab/chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fena Inhibitors of complex III of the Qo site, such as midon;

- Inhibitors of complex III of the Qi region: cyanazopamide, amisulbromine,

- Inhibitors of complex II: flutolanil, benodanil, bixafen, boscalide, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxy Carboxin, fenflufen, penthiopyrad, cedaxane, teclophthalam, thifluzamide,

- Other respiratory inhibitors (e.g. complex I, decoupling agents): diflumetorim;

- Nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam; Perimzone; Organometallic compounds: pentyne-acetate, pentyne chloride or pentyne hydroxide; amethoctradine; and silthiopharm;

- Sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (SBI fungicide)

- C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides): Triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, Fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, iconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole , Propiconazole, Prothioconazole, Simeconazole, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazole, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Triticonazole, Uniconazole,

- Imidazole: imazalil, fefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole; Pyrimidines, pyridines and piperazines: fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, triporine; Delta14-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidine, piperaline, spiroxamine; Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: fenhexamide;

- Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors:

- Phenylamide or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, chiral-axyl, metalaxyl, ofurase, oxadixyl; Others: Himexazole, octylinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine,

- Inhibitor of cell division and cytoskeleton

- Tubulin inhibitors: benzimidazole, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim, fuveridazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl; triazolopyrimidine,

- Cell division inhibitors: dietofencarb, ethaboxam, phensicuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metraphenone, pyriophenone;

- Inhibitor of amino acid and protein synthesis

- Methionine synthesis inhibitors (anilino-pyrimidines): cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; Protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, polyoxin, validamycin A;

- Signal transduction inhibitors

- MAP/histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimide, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil; G protein inhibitors: quinoxifene;

- Inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis

- Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos, iprobenphos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane; Lipid peroxidants: dicloran, quintogen, technazene, tolclophos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole; Phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandipropamide, pyrimorph, ventiavalicab, iprovalicab, valifenalate and

- Compounds affecting cell membrane permeability and fatty acids: propamocarb, propamocarb-hydrochloride fatty acid amide

- Inhibitors with multi-site action

- Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; Thio- and dithiocarbamates: pervam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; Organochlorine compounds (e.g., phthalimide, sulfamide, chloronitrile): anilazine, chlorothalonil, captapol, captan, folipet, dichlorfluanide, dichlorophene, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenol and the like. Salts, phthalide, tolylfluanide, and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine tris(albesylate) ), dithianone,

- Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

- Inhibitors of glucan synthesis: validamycin, polyoxin B; Inhibitors of melanin synthesis: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamide, dicyclometh, fenoxanil;

- Plant defense inducer

- acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isotianyl, thiadinyl, prohexadione-calcium; Phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and salts thereof;

- Unknown operating mode

- Bronopol, quinomethionat, cyflufenamide, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, dipenzoquat, dipenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamine, fenpyrazamine, flumetover. , flusulfamide, flutianil, methasulfocarb, nitrapyrine, nitrotal-isopropyl, auxin-copper, picarbutrazox, proquinazid, tebufloquine, teclophthalam, triazoxide,

The insecticidal compound may be selected from the group consisting of:

- Carbamate series of acetylcholine esterase inhibitors: aldicarb, alanicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiophencarb, phenobucarb. , fometanate, furatiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiopanox, trimetacarb, XMC, xylyl carb, and triazamate;

- Organophosphate-based acetylcholine esterase inhibitors: acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cardusaphos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorphenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlor. Pyripos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfotone, EPN, ethion, etopro. Phosphus, famfur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imysiaphos, isophenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarvam, Methamidophos, Methidathione, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Nalad, Omethoate, Oxidemeton-methyl, Parathion, Parathion-methyl, Pentoate, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidone, Foxim, Pyrimiphos-methyl, Profenophos, Propetamphos, Prothiophos, Pyraclopos, Pyridaphenthion, Quinalphos, Sulfotep, Tebupyrimphos, Temephos, terbuphos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiomethone, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothione;

- GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists:

- Cyclodiene organochlorine compounds: endosulfan; or M-2.B fiprole (phenylpyrazole): ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, or pyriprole;

- Pyrethroid-type sodium channel regulators: Acrinathrin, Allethrin, d-cis-trans Allethrin, d-trans Allethrin, Bifenthrin, Bioalethrin, Bioalethrin S-cyclopentenyl, Bioresmet Lin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, betacyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cyhalothrin. Permethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, mamfluorothrin, emfenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucitrinate, flumethrin Lin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, permethrin, phenothrin, pralethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, Silafluophen, tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, DDT and methoxychlor;

- Neonicotinoid class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: acteamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, flupyradifuron, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, sulfoxaflor, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam;

- Allosteric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activators of the spinosyn family: spinosad, spinetoram;

- Chloride channel activators of the mectin family: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;

- Juvenile hormone analogs: hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, phenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen;

- Non-specific multi-site inhibitors: methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax or tartar emetics;

- Selective homopteran feeding blockers: pimetrozine, flonicamide, pyrifluquinazone,

- Mite growth inhibitors: clopentezine, hexythiazox, diplovidazine or etoxazole;

- Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase: diapentiuron, azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatine oxide, propagite, or tetradiphone;

- Uncoupling agents of oxidative phosphorylation: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, or sulfluramide; M-13 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers: bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultab sodium;

- Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 0 (benzoylurea series): bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucicloxauron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, nobiflumuron , teflubenzuron, triflumuron;

- Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1: buprofezin;

- Moulting impediments: cyromazine;

- Ecdysone receptor agonists: methoxyphenozide, tebufenozide, halophenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide;

- Octopamine receptor agonists: amitraz;

- Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors: hydramethylnone, acequinosyl, flomethoquine, fluacrypyrim or pyriminostrobin;

- Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors: phenazaquine, fenpyroximate, pyrimidiphene, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, or rotenone;

- Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone

- Inhibitors of lipid synthesis, inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat;

- Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors: cyenopyrafen, cyflumethofen or fiflubumide; and

- Diamide-type ryanodine receptor modulators: flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole (rynaxypyr), cyantraniliprole (cyazypyr),

- Others: Apidopyropene.

As used herein, “biocontrol product” is defined as an agent or product that uses natural mechanisms. This forms a set of tools that can be used alone or in combination with other plant protection methods to combat crop enemies in integrated pest management. There are four main types of biological control agents:

> Secondary macroorganisms (to repel aggressors): Invertebrates, insects, mites or nematodes used in an integrated approach to protect crops against biological attackers.

> Phytopharmaceutical products including:

Microorganisms (for aggressor control): Fungi, bacteria and viruses used to protect crops from pests and diseases, or to increase plant vigor.

> Chemical mediators: insect pheromones and kairomones. This can be used to track the flights of pests and control insect populations through mating disruption or trapping.

> Natural substances: Substances obtained from plants, microorganisms, animals or mineral sources found in the natural environment and used as biocontrol products.

Traditional treatment of cultivated plants consists, inter alia, in the application of active ingredients (phytopharmaceutical and/or biocontrol products and/or nutrients) to cultivated plants, where the only means of the active ingredients is interaction with the plant surface. The effect is provided by. Considering the protective role the cuticle plays, it has little or no penetration into the plant through passive diffusion.

Unexpectedly, the applicant found that the combination of phytosterols and surfactants of the present invention, when combined with at least one active ingredient, promotes diffusion and passive penetration of the active ingredient into plant cells through the cuticle and plant cell membrane transmembrane mechanisms described above. Attention was drawn to this point. The compositions or slurries described herein therefore allow for the presence of higher concentrations or amounts of the active ingredient in the plant. Preferably under conditions of application of the composition or slurry before the onset of stress, the systemic action of the active ingredients in the plant is observed, and as a result, resistance to biotic stress is strengthened. Additionally, the composition or slurry makes it possible to reduce the dose of the active ingredient used while ensuring an improved effect of the active ingredient.

The present invention relates to a composition as disclosed above, said composition containing at least one active ingredient as mentioned above.

Another object of the present invention is also an agricultural kit separately containing the composition of the present invention (before dilution) and at least one active ingredient described above.

In use, the compositions of the present invention may be mixed by the farmer with an effective amount of the active ingredient and then diluted to obtain a slurry for application to plants.

Another option is to add at least one active ingredient to the slurry only after diluting the composition of the invention to obtain the slurry.

In certain embodiments, the invention relates to the composition disclosed above, i.e. a multiphasic agricultural composition in the form of a suspension-emulsion comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, wherein the lipophilic droplets are dispersed in an aqueous phase. The composition further includes:

- at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplet and the aqueous phase and selected from SF soluble in the aqueous phase (water SF1) and SF soluble in the lipophilic droplet (oil SF1); and

- at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase and in the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase,

- and at least one organic or inorganic nutrient, advantageously boron and molybdenum compounds.

In the context of the present invention, the expressions “boron compounds” and “molybdenum compounds” themselves include all chemical compounds that exist in the form of chemical elements, molecules (organic, inorganic or organometallic), covalent compounds or salts.

According to certain embodiments, the boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds form a single molecule selected from the group comprising molybdenum boride or dimolybdenum monoboride or combinations thereof.

Depending on their form and properties, boron and molybdenum compounds may exist in the aqueous phase as water-soluble salts or acids, in lipophilic droplets as organometallic molecules, or in both the aqueous phase and lipophilic droplets.

When a boron compound is added to the composition of the present invention, it may be added as a water-soluble salt or acid. If it is added as a water-soluble salt, the salt includes sodium tetraborate (borax), or any other salt containing in the formula at least 1, 2, 3 or 4 boron atoms, alone or in combinations thereof. is selected from the group that

In practice, salts containing boron compounds may be anhydrous or form complexes with multiple water molecules.

Preferably, the boron compound is added as an acid and is boric acid.

When the molybdenum compound is added to the composition of the present invention as a water-soluble salt, the salt may be selected from the group comprising sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, molybdenum disilicide, molybdenum(IV) disulfide, molybdenum(IV) oxide, molybdenum(VI) oxide. is selected.

In fact, salts containing Mo compounds may be anhydrous or form complexes with multiple water molecules.

Preferably, the Mo salt is sodium molybdate dihydrate.

In a preferred embodiment, the Mo compound is added as a water salt and Bo is added as an acid, advantageously boric acid and sodium molybdate dihydrate.

When the boron compound is added to the composition of the present invention as a boron compound-containing organometallic molecule, it may be alkylboronic acid (methylboronic acid, ethylboronic acid, propylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid), trimethylboroxine, trimethoxyboroxine. , Borate compounds (trimethylborate, triethylborate, tripropylborate, triphenylborate and other di- or tri-alkyl substituted borate compounds), borane compounds (trimethylborane, triethylborane, tripropylborane, triphenylborane and other di- or tri-alkyl substituted borane compounds), pinacol esters of boronic acid (phenylboronic pinacol esters), benzylboronic pinacol esters, bis(pinacolato)diborone and alkyl-substituted pinacols of boric acid. esters), isomers or closo-carboranes ( ortho-, meta- and para -carboranes), alone or in combinations thereof.

When the molybdenum compound is added to the composition of the present invention as an organometallic molecule, it is selected from the group comprising dimolybdenum tetraacetate, molybdenum stearate and other carboxylic acids of molybdenum, wherein the carboxylate ligand has 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Advantageously, the boron and molybdenum compounds are present in the aqueous phase.

In use and according to a preferred embodiment, the composition of the invention containing boron and molybdenum compounds is diluted to obtain a slurry that is applied to plants.

In this embodiment, the applicant has noted that the composition is particularly efficient if the concentration of the boron and molybdenum compounds, before dilution, i.e. before obtaining the slurry, is comprised between 0.002 and 2% by weight of the total composition.

If the composition contains boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds as nutrients, their concentration is each 0.01 - 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 - 1.8% by weight, preferably about 1.5% by weight of at least one It consists of a boron compound and 0.002 - 1% by weight, preferably 0.003 - 0.5% by weight, preferably about 0.25% by weight of at least one molybdenum compound.

In fact, the boron (B) compound/molybdenum (Mo) compound ratio is 0.1 to 10.

In certain embodiments, the invention relates to a multiphasic agricultural composition in the form of a suspension-emulsion as described above, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, including β-sitosterol, wherein β-sitosterol is comprised of phytosterols by weight. and where appropriate the remainder contains up to 100% of campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition further comprising:

- at least one first surfactant (SF1), located at the interface of the lipophilic droplet and the aqueous phase and soluble in the lipophilic droplet (oil SF1); and

- at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase, in the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase, where SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearates, and

- 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.8% by weight, preferably about 1.5% by weight of at least one boron compound, and

- 0.002 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.003 to 0.5% by weight, preferably about 0.25% by weight of at least one molybdenum compound.

In this embodiment, the mixture of phytosterols preferably accounts for 0.2% to 10%, advantageously 0.5% to 7%, preferably 1% to 5% by weight of the composition.

Advantageously, the first surfactant comprises 0.2% to 10% of the composition by weight and the second surfactant comprises 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight, advantageously the boron compound is boric acid and molybdenum. The compound is sodium molybdate dihydrate and is preferably present in the aqueous phase. If desired, the composition further comprises at least one active ingredient selected from the group comprising:

- Phytopharmaceutical products such as plant growth regulators, fungicides, fungicides, bactericides, bacteriostatics, insecticides, acaricides, anthelmintics, nematicides, talpicides or herbicides;

- Biocontrol products based on natural mechanisms that allow plants to fight fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition from weeds.

Another option is to dilute the composition without boron and molybdenum compounds with water containing boron and molybdenum compounds to obtain a slurry. In this case, the concentrations of boron and molybdenum compounds are adjusted as a result.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a process for preparing the above-described multiphasic composition consisting of the following steps:

a) preparing a lipophilic phase comprising heating a mixture of phytosterols;

b) simultaneously with step a) or before step a), preparing the aqueous phase comprising heating the aqueous phase;

c) simultaneously adding first surfactant oil SF1 to the lipophilic phase of step a) and/or adding first surfactant water SF1 to the aqueous phase of b);

d) mixing and stirring the lipophilic phase and the aqueous phase until an emulsion is obtained;

e) cooling the emulsion;

f) Adding to the emulsion thus obtained a second surfactant (SF2) with stirring until a homogeneous suspension of solid particles in the aqueous phase is obtained, preferably at an ambient temperature of 20° C. to 25° C.

If present, fluidizing agents, solubilizing agents, and advantageously wetting agents are added to the lipophilic phase and, if necessary, chelating agents, preservatives, and/or antioxidants to the aqueous phase.

In some embodiments, wetting agents can be used in the aqueous phase and antioxidants can be added in the oil phase.

According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant (in this case oil SF1) is the same as the second surfactant (SF2), so that the surfactant present at the interface of the oil droplets of the dispersion and the aqueous phase is present in the aqueous phase in the form of solid particles. It is the same as the surfactant used.

According to a particular embodiment, the fluidizing agent is polyethylene glycol, advantageously having a molar mass of 200 or 400 g/mol.

According to certain embodiments, the wetting agent is preferably a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters comprising methyl tetradecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and methylhexadecanoate.

actually,

- the preparation of the lipophilic phase is carried out at high temperatures, preferably at about 70° C. to about 140° C., preferably at about 90° C. to about 120° C., more preferably at about 110° C.;

- the preparation of the aqueous phase is carried out at high temperatures, preferably at about 50° C. to about 90° C., preferably at about 70° C. to about 90° C., more preferably at about 80° C.;

- preferably at least 90% of the lipophilic droplets have a diameter comprised between 0.01 and 70 μm, preferably between 0.1 and 50 μm, most preferably between 0.1 and 20 μm, with a maximum peak at 10 μm, as determined by laser diffraction. Stirring is carried out until an emulsion of lipophilic droplets is obtained, advantageously from 0.5 to 7 μm, preferably from 2 to 6 μm,

- cooling of the emulsion is carried out until a temperature of 20°C to 30°C, preferably 20°C to 25°C is reached,

- The addition of the second surfactant (SF2) to the emulsion ensures that preferably at least 90% of the particles have a diameter comprised between 1 and 1000 μm, advantageously between 10 and 250 μm, as determined by laser diffraction, and the maximum peak is This is carried out until a homogeneous suspension of solid particles in the aqueous phase, preferably between 10 μm and 100 μm, is obtained.

According to the invention, the boron and molybdenum compounds are added directly to the aqueous phase and/or lipophilic phase before the emulsion is formed and/or directly to the emulsion after the emulsion is formed.

Depending on the chemical form of the boron and molybdenum compounds (acids, water-soluble salts or organometallic molecules), they are added to the lipophilic phase, to the aqueous phase, or to both the lipophilic and aqueous phases, after which an emulsion is formed and/or the emulsion It is added directly to the emulsion after it is formed.

If the composition contains boron and molybdenum compounds that exist as acids, the water-soluble salt(s), boron and molybdenum compounds, are added to the aqueous phase before the emulsion is formed (practically step b above), or after the emulsion is formed. is added directly to (practically from the end of step d) to the end of step f).

If the composition contains boron and molybdenum compounds present as organometallic molecule(s), the boron and molybdenum compounds are added to the lipophilic phase (practically in step a) above).

According to a particular embodiment, if the composition contains boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds, these are added to the aqueous phase between steps b) and c) as described above.

According to another embodiment, if the composition contains boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds, these are added directly to the emulsion after it has been formed (practically from the end of step d) to the end of step f).

The invention also relates to compositions obtainable by the above-mentioned process.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to the use of the above-described composition or slurry for preventing exposure of cultivated plants to biotic and/or abiotic stresses.

The invention therefore also relates to a method for preventive treatment of cultivated plants aimed at limiting dry matter losses associated with abiotic and/or biotic stresses; This consists in applying the above-described composition or slurry to the plants before the onset of said abiotic and/or biotic stress.

Advantageously, within the meaning of the invention, the plants are grown in the field or under controlled conditions, for example using hydroponics, in pots or in a greenhouse; Preferably, in the context of the present invention, the plants are grown in the field.

In general, abiotic stresses cause reduced yields or dry matter production and include drought (water shortage, or water stress), temperature extremes (thermal stress), excess water (flooding), frost, wind, and soil salinity (salt stress). ), ultraviolet rays, lack of access to certain nutrients, soils with stress-inducing properties (chemical composition, redox potential, etc.) or physical damage, and advantageously due to drought and/or temperature extremes.

According to certain embodiments, the abiotic stress corresponds to water stress. In another embodiment, the abiotic stress corresponds to thermal stress.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "water stress" refers to a condition in which the water content of a grown plant is below the boiling point.

For the purposes of the present invention, and especially in relation to water stress, the phrase "before the onset of abiotic stress" means the period during which useful soil water reserves are adequately replenished, i.e. the moment when useful soil water reserves are sufficiently or completely refilled (field It refers to the elapsed time from the water volume) to the moment the forgery point is reached.

For the purposes of the present invention, the phrase “before the onset of abiotic stress”, especially in relation to thermal stress (or temperature extremes), means for each plant species and each developmental stage of these species susceptible to frost and/or flower blast. It refers to the period before that point. In other words, it refers to temperatures that are unfavorable for plant growth and development, excluding all other crop conditions, such as water supply.

With regard to drought, the Applicant has noted that when applied prophylactically to cultivated plants, i.e. when applied before the occurrence of abiotic stress, the compositions or slurries of the invention induce stomatal closure and thus reduce evapotranspiration. As a result, the plant's water consumption is reduced without reducing yield, i.e. dry matter production.

In other words, the invention also relates to a method for reducing water consumption by plants grown under water stress conditions, comprising applying to said plants the above-mentioned composition or slurry before the onset of water stress.

The applicant has noted that the composition is particularly effective for this particular effect on plants selected from the group of soybeans, corn and sunflowers.

In fact, the biological mechanism activated by the composition or slurry of the invention results in stimulation of plant vitality, especially at particularly low levels of phytosterols and therefore β-sitosterol, and thus provides plants with improved resistance to water stress:

- Stimulating the development of the root system increases the water supply available to the plant;

- The message sent by plant β-sitosterol limits water loss due to evapotranspiration by inducing partial closure of stomata.

For the purposes of the present invention, the phrase “stimulation of plant vitality” refers to the stimulation of various metabolic pathways in plants, for example improving the plant's resistance to water stress.

Advantageously, the above-described biological mechanisms improve the overall vitality of the plant and more generally the health of the plant.

The term “plant health” or “plant health” refers to several aspects such as increased yield, plant vigor, quality of harvested plant parts and resistance to abiotic and/or biotic stresses, either alone or in combination with each other. It is defined as the state of the plant and/or its product being determined.

Therefore, the extent of the water supply accessible to the plant and the rate of consumption of this supply are regulated by signaling involving phytosterols, especially β-sitosterol. These two mechanisms lead to optimized consumption of accessible water by plants.

More precisely, a resistance effect to water stress is observed; This effect is particularly induced by the application of the composition or slurry before exposure to stress as well as the β-sitosterol used in the present invention.

In certain embodiments, the invention relates to a method for preventive treatment of cultivated plants aimed at limiting dry matter loss associated with salt stress; This consists in applying the above-described composition or slurry to the plants.

According to certain embodiments, in relation to biotic stress resulting in a reduction in yield or dry matter production, whether this be fungal infection and/or bacterial infection and/or viral infection and/or pest attack and/or competition with weeds. Without it, it can occur due to the harmful action of plant pathogens living on cultivated plants.

For example, fungal infections in plants may be mildew on grapes, tomatoes or potatoes, septoria on wheat, rynchospora on barley, or powdery mildew on straw grains and grapes. there is; Bacterial infections of plants may be rhizomatitis, blight or blight; Viral infections of plants can be mosaic or yellow dwarf viruses; Pests that can attack cultivated plants include aphids, flea beetles or weevils.

In particular, the compositions or slurries of the present invention advantageously help to reduce the intensity of fungal diseases without affecting their frequency.

For the purposes of the present invention, and especially in relation to fungal infections, the phrase "before the onset of biotic stress" means before the first symptoms appear, e.g. before the first spots appear on the leaves and/or stems of cultivated plants. Refers to a period.

For the purposes of the present invention, the phrase “intensity of fungal disease” refers to the average intensity of the disease on all leaves of a cultivated plant. Disease intensity on a single leaf is the surface area of the leaf covered by the disease.

For the purposes of the present invention, the phrase “frequency of fungal disease” refers to the number of leaves on which disease or spots can be observed.

From the above it is concluded that the compositions or slurries of the present invention, when applied to plants prior to the onset of infection, especially fungal infection, result in a reduction in the surface area of leaf spots or discoloration compared to plants that have not received the preventive treatment of the present invention.

Applicants have also noted that the compositions or slurries of the invention improve the growth and development of plants, especially young seedlings, when the slurry is applied before the onset of stress. In particular, this improvement is even more advantageous when the slurry is applied via seed imbibition.

The invention therefore also relates to a method for stimulating the growth and development of young seedlings, which consists in applying the above-described compositions or slurries before the onset of abiotic and/or biotic stresses, preferably through seed absorptive swelling. The method of the present invention therefore limits the period during which young seedlings are exposed to abiotic and/or biotic stresses. Additionally, the effects of products applied through seed absorption persist over time because plants treated with the compositions or slurries of the invention are more resistant to abiotic and/or biotic stresses.

In fact, young seedlings are more vulnerable to abiotic and/or biotic stresses than adult plants. Young seedlings treated with the composition or slurry of the present invention reach full maturity (adult plant stage) more quickly than seedlings that do not receive this treatment.

Unexpectedly, the Applicant found that the first and second surfactants of the present invention modify the state of the cuticle and make it permeable, i.e. the mixture of phytosterols penetrates inward and penetrates the leaves or internal components of the plant, e.g. Attention was paid to the fact that it allowed it to reach the cells.

In other words, the surfactant of the present invention facilitates crossing of the seed coat barrier and even rupture of the seed coat, thereby promoting germination. Next, the exogenous contribution of a mixture of phytosterols, especially β-sitosterol, helps promote seedling growth and development. Accordingly, the composition or slurry of the present invention provides phytosterols, especially β- Allows effective exogenous supply of sitosterol.

For the purposes of the present invention, the phrase “transfer of phytosterols” refers to the transport of phytosterols, which are hydrophobic, by the aqueous phase.

Additionally, the second surfactant present in the form of solid particles in suspension in the aqueous phase of the composition of the present invention helps dissolve the epicuticular wax and provides a facilitated pathway through the cuticle for the constituent compounds of the composition.

From the above, it is concluded that the period during which seedlings can be stressed is shortened.

From the fact that the compounds of the invention are not products carrying out a specific type of activity, such as fungicides or biocides, a wide range of uses for various crops can be considered, especially for protection and thus the number of available phytopharmaceutical products is very small. It can improve the profitability of small-scale crops.

In practice, the compositions or slurries of the present invention are applied by foliar spraying, spraying, irrigation, seed soaking, seed coating, drip irrigation or gravity irrigation, incorporation into the soil, addition to hydroponic crop media or immersion of cultivated plants. .

For the purposes of the present invention:

- The term “foliar spraying” refers to a pressurized spray of a slurry forming numerous microdroplets that cover the upper and/or lower surfaces of leaves;

- The term "irrigation" refers to the addition of a supply of water to the soil solution, which is absorbed by the root system of the plant; and

- The term "seed absorption" refers to immersion of seeds in a solution containing the composition.

Advantageously, the composition is applied to cultivated plants by foliar application at a composition dosage of 0.1 L/ha to 15 L/ha, preferably 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha. In practice, the required volume of the composition is diluted in water to obtain a slurry. The slurry is then applied to the plants in a volume of 30 to 400 L/ha, advantageously 50 to 200 L/ha.

In certain embodiments, the composition contains 2.5% by weight phytosterols and the required dosage of the composition ranges from 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha. This means that the dose of phytosterol applied to plants is 25 to 125 g/ha. In practice, the compositions of the present invention may not be applied directly to plants and must be diluted to form a slurry. In this embodiment, the slurry is applied to the plants by foliar application, in particular at a volume of 50 to 200 L/ha.

Preferably the slurry is applied during the stage where the plant leaves cover the soil.

Advantageously, the slurry of the invention is applied only once, by foliar application and/or irrigation and/or seed soaking.

The invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry described above:

- to increase the resistance of cultivated plants to abiotic stresses and/or;

- To reduce the intensity of biotic stresses affecting cultivated plants.

The invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry described above as a biostimulant for cultivated plants.

The invention also relates to the use of the above-described composition or slurry for improving the yield or dry matter production of cultivated plants.

The invention also relates to the use of the above-described composition or slurry for promoting deeper root development in cultivated plants.

The invention also relates to the use of the above-described composition or slurry for controlling the opening or closing of stomata in cultivated plants.

The invention also relates to the use of the above-mentioned compositions or slurries for improving nutritional development and/or flowering of cultivated plants.

The invention also relates to compositions comprising mixtures of phytosterols and surfactants, especially polyols, and in particular to the use of compositions or slurries as described above for strengthening the stems of agricultural crops and improving their resistance to physiological lodging. It's about. Side effects of lodging can include low seed filling, quality loss, yield loss and harvesting difficulties.

The invention also relates to the use of the above-mentioned compositions or slurries for improving the effectiveness of phytopharmaceutical fungicides or biocontrol products.

According to certain embodiments, the cultivated plants advantageously include agricultural crops of cereals, oilseeds and protein crops; grape; Plants with roots and tubers; horticultural plants; grass; vegetable; herbs and spices; tree crops; Or it is a chlorophyll plant selected from the group including industrial crops for the purpose of producing raw materials for processing. Preferably, the cultivated plants include soybeans, corn, barley, millet, broodstock, pampas grass, panicum, sorghum, peanuts, wheat, rapeseed, sunflower, protein peas, wild peas, wild beans, lupine, and flax. , cut alfalfa, grapes, beets, potatoes, beans, lettuce, parsley and radishes.

The compositions of the present invention, slurries, methods of preparing the compositions, methods of treatment for preventing abiotic and/or biotic stresses as well as the aforementioned uses provide advantages that exactly meet the social needs associated with phytopharmaceutical products:

- It can be applied in the field and presents effective phystosterol concentrations to stimulate crop growth and cope with abiotic and/or biotic stresses;

- Eco-friendly;

- Safe for human health;

- Wide range of uses in terms of crop varieties;

- No tolerance is induced;

- Improvement of environmental conditions;

- economic interest;

- Regulatory concerns.

The invention and the advantages it produces are better revealed in the following drawings and examples, which are provided to illustrate the invention in a non-exclusive manner.

Figure 1: Particle size distribution of compositions of the present invention
Figure 2: Micrograph of the composition of the present invention
Figures 3 and 4 show deep root development of soybeans treated with compositions of the invention grown in microplots under conditions of water stress.
Figure 5 shows the yield of sunflower crops grown in wide strips under water stress conditions.
Figure 6 illustrates the ability of compositions of the present invention to reduce susceptibility of grape crops to mildew.
Figure 7 illustrates the ability of compositions of the invention to reduce the susceptibility of grape crops to mildew under usage conditions used in typical agricultural practices.

Example of application of the invention

1. Preparation of composition according to the present invention

1.1. Formulation of the composition (see Table 1)

Any weight percentage of a compound or molecule of the invention refers to the total weight of the invention relative to the sum of all components giving 100. This weight percentage can be symbolized as weight percent.

[Table 1] Preparation of composition.

footnote. 1: CAS [25168-73-4] 2: CAS [84066-95-5] 3: CAS [26446-38-8].

1.2. Preparation of composition:

The various compositions according to the invention are prepared comprising the following steps:

(i) a lipophilic phase comprising phytosterols, oil surfactant SF1 (if present), methyl tetradecanoate, and, if present, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate, and solvent at about 110° C. manufactured,

(ii) preparing a hydrophilic phase comprising water, water surfactant SF1 (if present), and benzyl alcohol (if present) at a given temperature;

(iii) the lipophilic phase of step (i) is mixed with the hydrophilic phase of step (ii), and the lipophilic phase has a diameter comprised between 0.1 and 20 μm, as determined by laser diffraction, with a maximum peak between 2 and 6 μm. Stir until at least 90% of the volume of the droplet is obtained,

(iv) cooling the emulsion to an ambient temperature of about 20° C.,

(v) adding a second surfactant SF2 to the emulsion at an ambient temperature of about 20° C. and adding at least 90 of the particles having a diameter comprised between 10 and 250 μm as determined by laser diffraction and a maximum peak between 10 μm and 1000 μm. Stir until % is obtained and suspended in aqueous phase.

The particle size distribution and micrographs of Composition 1 are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively.

As shown in Figure 1:

- at least 90% of the lipophilic droplets dispersed in the aqueous phase have a diameter comprised between 0.1 and 20 μm as determined by laser diffraction, with a maximum peak between 2 and 6 μm,

- At least 90% of the second surfactant (SF2) is in the form of particles having a diameter comprised between 10 and 250 μm as determined by laser diffraction, preferably with a maximum peak between 10 μm and 100 μm.

As can be seen in Figure 2, the particles of the second surfactant (SF2), denoted as 1, are much larger than the lipophilic droplets, denoted as 2.

2. Evaluation of the ability of the slurry according to Example 1 to reduce the susceptibility of soybean crops to water stress under controlled conditions

The aim of this trial was to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying the slurry of the invention to soybeans, particularly with regard to soil water consumption by the plants. This method compares the growth and water content of plants treated with a slurry of the invention (treated variant) under water stress conditions (no water supplied for one week after slurry application) with that of untreated plants (control variant). It includes doing. This evaluation was performed under controlled conditions in a laboratory growth chamber.

2.1. Equipment and Methods

2.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 2.

[Table 2]

2.1.2. Processing Modes Considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 3.

[Table 3]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry and applied only once, by foliar spray, at a volume of 80 L/ha under controlled conditions of temperature 28° C. and relative humidity 70%.

2.1.3. Data collection methods

Several parameters are considered:

- Regularly monitoring the developmental stages of soybean plants by counting the number of exudate leaves,

- Evaluation of water content for each embodiment. In fact, at the end of the experiment, the weight of fresh material (FW) is measured for four out of five plants. The plants are then left to dry for two weeks to determine dry matter weight (DW). The (FW - DW)/FW calculation provides the water content of the plant; and

- A study to immediately evaluate the water content of the plant by placing the trifoliate leaves collected from the last plant in a desiccator. These parameters will be combined with the results obtained from dry matter measurements.

2.2. result

The results are shown in Table 4.

[Table 4]

2.3. conclusion

This trial shows that when the slurry of the invention is applied to soybeans at an early stage of development (V3 stage), improved vegetative development (leaf number increased by 14.79%) is obtained, with higher water content after a period of water stress. Meanwhile, under water stress conditions, the control hemp plants lost leaves (-3.36%), and the water content was lower than that of the treatment group plants.

This evidence shows that under identical growing conditions, plants treated with the slurry of the present invention optimize soil water consumption to increase growth and limit drying. Therefore, the moment when water reserves reach the boiling point is delayed, and plants remain in the hydrological comfort zone (i.e. EUSWR) for a long time.

3. Evaluation of the ability of the slurry according to Example 1 to reduce the sensitivity of soybean crops to water stress under real conditions through cultivation in microplots

The purpose of this trial was to demonstrate that applying the slurry according to Example 1 to soybeans slows the plant's soil water consumption. The method involves evaluating the yield of plants treated with a slurry of the invention (treated variant) compared to the yield of untreated plants (control variant) in situations where the water needs of the plants are not met. This evaluation was conducted in the field.

3.1. Equipment and Methods

3.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 5.

[Table 5]

3.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 6.

[Table 6]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry and applied only once, by foliar spray, at a volume of 80 L/ha under conditions of temperature 22°C, relative humidity 75% and no wind.

3.1.3. Data collection methods

Microplots corresponding to different aspects were observed using NDVI imaging performed with a drone. A 60 cm capacitive probe was used to assess plant water retention according to the treatment regime under consideration. Indeed, using these probes it is possible to determine the depth and extent of the plant root system, as well as the dynamics of water consumption. Capacitive probes were inserted during the last of four replicate trials (see section 3.1.2), with one probe used in the control embodiment and the other probe used in the embodiment treated with the slurry of the invention. On the day of harvest, different microplots were harvested separately and yields were studied. Further analysis was performed by examining the components of this yield.

3.2. result

3.2.1. capacitive probe

Root depth levels are shown in Figures 3 and 4.

Data related to this depth level, particularly step shape, indicate that root development at lower depths was more advanced in the treatment plants than in the control plants. In fact, steps become apparent more quickly at depths of 45 cm to 55 cm (Figures 3 and 4, respectively).

3.2.2. yield

The results are shown in Table 7.

[Table 7]

3.3. conclusion

This trial shows that applying the slurry of the present invention to soybeans at an early stage of development (V3 stage) improves soil water utilization, particularly through deeper root development. As a result, plants treated with the slurry of the present invention benefit from greater water retention, i.e. a greater amount of available water, which allows them to better withstand water stress compared to plants in the untreated (control) form. .

This reduction in sensitivity to water stress observed in slurry treated plants results in a yield increase of +12.6% for treated plants compared to a yield of 37.7 ql/ha for control plants. This effect can be particularly illustrated by the data provided in Table 7, which shows that all components of this yield have improved. In particular, cultivated plants that have undergone treatment show higher TKW values. In other words, treated plants were less affected by water stress at the end of the seed filling cycle.

4. Evaluation of the ability of the slurry according to Example 1 to reduce the sensitivity of soybean crops to extreme water stress in real conditions, through cultivation in microplots

4.1. Equipment and Methods

4.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 8.

[Table 8]

4.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 9.

[Table 9]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry and applied only once, by foliar spray, at a volume of 150 L/ha under conditions of temperature 24°C, relative humidity 66% and no wind.

This trial was conducted under conditions of extreme water stress induced by rainfall levels and soil composition. This is the case for soybeans grown in clay soils where rainfall is very low (maximum rainfall events of 10 mm render water unavailable to the plants due to strong water retention by the clay).

4.2. result

The results are shown in Table 10.

[Table 10]

4.3. conclusion

This trial shows that when the slurry of the present invention is applied to soybeans at early stages of development (V2 to R1 stages), all components of yield are improved under extreme water stress conditions. Ultimately, this results in an increase in yield of grown plants treated with the slurry of the present invention by more than 50% compared to plants grown without treatment.

5. Evaluation of the ability of the slurry of the invention to reduce the susceptibility of soybean crops to water stress under real conditions, when grown in wide strips.

5.1. Equipment and Methods

5.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 11.

[Table 11]

5.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 12.

[Table 12]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry and applied only once, by foliar spray, at a volume of 80 L/ha under conditions of temperature 21°C, relative humidity 72%, and no wind.

5.2. result

The results are shown in Table 13.

[Table 13]

5.3. conclusion

This trial shows that when the slurry of the invention is applied to soybeans at an early stage of development (V3 stage), a yield increase of more than +22% is obtained compared to the yield obtained for untreated plants.

6. Evaluation of the ability of the slurry of the present invention to reduce the susceptibility of corn crops to water stress under real conditions, when grown in wide strips

6.1. Equipment and Methods

6.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 14.

[Table 14]

6.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 15.

[Table 15]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry and applied by foliar spray at a volume of 80 L/ha at a temperature of 23° C., relative humidity of 76% and no wind:

6.2. result

The results are shown in Table 16.

[Table 16]

6.3. conclusion

This trial shows that when the slurry of the invention is applied to corn at an early stage of development (8-10 leaf stage), a yield increase of +7.3% is obtained compared to that obtained for untreated corn.

7. Evaluation of the ability of the slurry of the invention to reduce the sensitivity of sunflower crops to water stress in real conditions, growing in wide strips

7.1. Equipment and Methods

7.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 17.

[Table 17]

7.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 18.

[Table 18]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry and applied only once, by foliar spray, at a volume of 80 L/ha under conditions of temperature 21°C, relative humidity 72%, and no wind.

7.1.3. Data collection methods

See section 3.1.3.

7.2. result

7.2.1. capacitive probe

The results are shown in Figure 5.

This data shows clear differences in kinetics and rooting depth between the two modes of cultivated sunflower (treated or untreated).

More precisely, these results show that the boiling point of sunflowers treated with the slurry of the present invention is shifted to a lower level, which in turn increases the readily available soil water reserves (EUSWR), thereby helping the plants withstand stress situations, i.e. soil viable reserves (SSR). ) shows that it is important not to stay there for too long a period of time. This effect is significantly induced by deeper roots of sunflowers treated with the present invention.

Analysis of the evolution of cumulative soil moisture (from 5 cm to 55 cm) shows that soil viable reserve (SSR) decreases over time for sunflowers treated with the slurry of the invention, but to the same level for control sunflowers. Emphasizes the fact that it is maintained.

Analysis of daily water consumption trends as a function of soil depth (5 cm to 15 cm) shows that plants treated with the slurry of the invention benefit from a more highly developed root system, especially a deeper root system, which allows sunflower plants to grow by 5 cm. This demonstrates that the water needed for photosynthesis can be collected from deeper sources when water becomes difficult to use at depth.

These results clearly demonstrate that treatment with the slurry of the present invention improves soil exploration by roots.

Therefore, sunflowers treated with the slurry of the present invention remain below the boiling point for a shorter period of time (22.5 days) than untreated sunflowers (33 days). As a result, the amount of dry matter in the slurry treated mode increases compared to the untreated mode.

7.2.2. yield

The results are shown in Table 19.

[Table 19]

7.3. conclusion

This trial shows that when the slurry of the invention is applied to sunflowers at an early stage of development (bud stage), a yield increase of +8.4% is obtained compared to that obtained for untreated sunflowers.

8. Evaluation of the ability of slurries of the present invention to strengthen crop stems and improve resistance to physiological lodging for various major crops.

The purpose of this attempt is to demonstrate that when the slurry of the present invention is applied to various major crops, resistance to lodging is improved through hardening of straw and improvement of stem strength. It should be noted that larger plants are more susceptible to lodging.

The trials presented herein were conducted under uncontrolled conditions using an experimental setup involving wide strips.

8.1. barley

8.1.1. Equipment and Methods

8.1.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 20.

[Table 20]

8.1.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 21.

[Table 21]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry and applied by foliar spray at a volume of 80 L/ha at a temperature of 17° C. and a wind speed of 10 km/h:

8.1.1.3. Data collection methods

The effectiveness of applying the slurry of the present invention was evaluated using two parameters:

- Stem height (between crown and spike insertion height): This is a destructive measurement performed on 10 plants per study mode.

- Coverage of gi: Visually observe damage caused by gi for each study mode.

8.1.1.4. analyze

The average stem height value was compared based on the height of 10 stems in each study mode. Visual observations were performed to evaluate damage caused by gi.

8.1.2. result

The results are shown in Table 22.

[Table 22]

In both study modes, damage due to wearing clothing was not observed.

8.1.3. conclusion

This trial shows that when the slurry of the invention is applied to barley at key stages of stem development, larger stems are obtained compared to stems from untreated plants. Despite the fact that treated plants developed larger stems and were therefore more susceptible to lodging, no lodging damage was observed in either study mode.

8.2. millet

8.2.1. Equipment and Methods

8.2.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 23.

[Table 23]

8.2.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 24.

[Table 24]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry and applied by foliar spray at a volume of 80 L/ha under controlled conditions.

8.2.1.3. Data collection methods

Plants in both study modes were visually inspected (drone photos and visual observations from field edges) to assess the extent of damage from lodging. In the control growing area, large areas containing rows of plants provided evidence of damage from physiological lodging. Stem height was not assessed in this trial.

8.2.2. result

The results are summarized in Table 25.

[Table 25]

8.2.3. conclusion

This trial shows that when the slurry of the present invention is applied to millet at later stages of development, the treated plants benefit from improved stem strength. As a result, the treated plants are not rotted and show improved leaf exposure compared to the rotted plants in the control form. Drone photos support this observation. Contrary to observations for untreated plants, treated plants do not have areas of lateral phyllotaxis.

8.3. wheat

8.3.1. Equipment and Methods

8.3.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 26.

[Table 26]

8.3.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 27.

[Table 27]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry and applied by foliar spray at a volume of 80 L/ha under controlled conditions of temperature 21° C. and wind 5 km/h.

8.3.1.3. Data collection methods

Plants from both study modes were tested according to several parameters.

- Stem height (between crown and spike insertion height). This is a destructive measurement performed on 10 plants per study mode, 7 days after the second foliar spray application.

- Spike height (between spike insertion height and highest spikelet). This is a destructive measurement performed on 10 plants per study mode, 14 days after the second foliar spray application.

- Coverage of gi: Visually observe damage caused by gi for each study mode.

8.3.1.4. analyze

The average values of 10 stem heights and 10 spike heights were evaluated and compared for each study mode. For each measurement, visual observations were performed to assess damage caused by the gi.

8.3.2. result

The results are summarized in Table 28.

[Table 28]

8.3.3. conclusion

This trial showed that dual application of the slurry of the present invention to wheat at later stages of development resulted in an early increase in stem height (approximately 5 cm), indicating a shortened developmental cycle. Nonetheless, at this stage, no damage due to gi has been observed. Therefore, even if the stem height increases, damage due to lodging does not occur. There is no doubt that the robustness of the stem has been improved by application of the present invention. Additionally, the increase in spike height observed in treated aspects increases the weight of the aerial tissues of the plant, and damage due to lodging was not noted. The conclusion is that foliar application of the present invention allows plants to better tolerate physiological lodging.

9. Evaluation of the ability of slurries of the present invention to reduce the susceptibility of cultivated lianas plants to mildew

The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effect of applying a slurry of the invention on the resistance of plants to biotic stresses.

9.1. Equipment and Methods

9.1.1. Description of experimental plot

A description of the experimental plot is shown in Table 29.

[Table 29]

9.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 30.

[Table 30]

It is important to note that 7 applications of the slurry of the invention correspond to 7 typical applications of fungicide treatment for vines. In other words, seven applications of these fungicide treatments are replaced with slurry applications of the present invention. Additionally, in this case, the first application of the slurry of the invention was performed before the onset of biotic stress. It therefore constitutes a preventive treatment of plants to limit dry matter losses associated with biotic stress.

9.1.3. Data collection methods

9.1.3.1. Measurement of Disease Incidence

Disease incidence was assessed using two complementary indicators:

- Frequency of the disease: percentage of the bunch in which the disease is observed; and

- Intensity of disease (in %): Average intensity of disease for all clusters. Therefore, the intensity for a bundle corresponds to the surface area of the bundle covered by the disease (expressed in %).

Sample size is 200 individuals per study mode (or 50 per microplot).

9.1.3.2. statistical analysis

The statistical tests performed for this attempt were:

- Bonferroni test for equality of frequencies (equal means); and

- Bonferroni test for equality of intensity (equal means).

9.1.4. result

The results of the counting performed on the bundle are shown in Figure 6.

9.1.4.1. Test for Frequency Equality

The results of the Bonferroni test for frequency equality are shown in Table 31.

[Table 31]

These results indicate that the disease is much less prevalent in bunches grown on slurry-treated liana plants than in bunches from untreated forms.

9.1.4.2. Test for intensity equality

The results are shown in Table 32.

[Table 32]

These data show that the intensity of disease observed in the bunches was much lower in climbing plants treated with the slurry of the invention compared to that of untreated control plants. Additionally, this trial shows that the severity of the disease can be reduced by 40% to 50% by applying the slurry of the present invention to vine trees.

10. Evaluation of the potential use of the present invention in general agricultural practices

The purpose of this trial is to demonstrate the usefulness of incorporating the slurry of the present invention into operational technology pathways for mildew prevention. Example 9, which aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying the slurry of the invention obtained from composition 1 in the context of an incomplete treatment program, i.e., which does not correspond to the treatment generally applied throughout the life of the vine. can be compared with

10.1. Equipment and Methods

10.1.1. Description of experimental plot

A description of the experimental plot is shown in Table 33.

[Table 33]

10.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 34.

[Table 34]

10.1.3. Data collection methods

10.1.3.1. Measurement of Disease Incidence

See section 9.1.3.1.

Evaluation was performed on young leaves, old leaves and bunches. For each organ, the sample size is 400 individuals per study mode (or 100 per microplot).

10.1.3.2. statistical analysis

The statistical tests performed for this attempt were:

- Kruskal-Wallis test for equal frequencies (equal medians); and

- Kruskal-Wallis test for equal intensities (same median).

The results of the counts performed on leaves and bunches are shown in Figure 7.

10.1.4. result

10.1.4.1. Test for Frequency Equality

The results are shown in Table 35.

[Table 35]

These results indicate that the prevalence of disease is equivalent in plants treated with the slurry of the invention and plants receiving conventional treatment programs (non-significant difference). In other words, conventional treatment (Cu ²⁺ and phytopharmaceutical products) and treatment with the slurry of the present invention are equally effective.

10.1.4.2. Test for intensity equality

The results are shown in Table 36.

[Table 36]

These results show that the intensity of the disease is equivalent in plants treated with the slurry of the invention and plants receiving a conventional treatment program (non-significant difference). Additionally, the slurry of the present invention has been shown to provide the same level of protection against mildew as copper.

11. Agricultural mixtures containing crop protection compounds. Wheat/Zymoseptoria tritici ( Zymoseptoria tritici ) Examples of interaction

The aim of this trial was to combine the application of the slurry of the invention with an operational technological route using reduced doses of fungicides, to combat Cesario tritici, the pathogen causing the main foliar disease of wheat. ) to demonstrate the difference in the protective efficacy of wheat. The frequency of fungicide treatment index decreases. Comparisons were made using a reference control (farmer's usual fungicide application schedule) and a control-like regime (no application of the slurry of the invention and reduced fungicide dose).

11.1. Equipment and Methods

11.1.1. Description of experimental plot

Two experiments were conducted.

A description of Experimental Plot 1 is shown in Table 37.

[Table 37]

A description of Experiment Plot 2 is shown in Table 38.

[Table 38]

11.1.2. Aspects considered

The reduction in applied fungicide dose is based on the last leaf stage (T2). The current dosage applied by farmers is 0.5 L/ha, the registered dosage is 1.5 L/ha and the tested reduced dosage is 0.1 L/ha. Targeted fungicides are respiratory inhibitors (inhibitors of complex III of the Qo site with pyraclostrobin and inhibitors of complex II with fluxapyroxad).

The reduction in applied fungicide dose is based on the last leaf stage (T2). The current dosage applied by farmers is 1 L/ha, the registered dosage is 1.5 L/ha and the tested reduced dosage is 0.1 L/ha. Targeted fungicides are respiratory inhibitors (inhibitors of complex III of the Qo site with pyraclostrobin and inhibitors of complex II with fluxapyroxad) and sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (C14 demethylase inhibitors with metconazole).

Descriptions of the aspects considered are shown in Table 39.

[Table 39] - Plot 1

[Table 40] - Plot 2

11.1.3. Data collection methods

11.1.3.1. Measurement of Disease Incidence

The evaluation was performed on three leaf levels, F3, F2 and F1, from bottom to top in plot 1, and one leaf level (F2) in plot 2. For each mode, 20 plants were observed per measurement, and 3 and 4 measurements were made per mode. Disease intensity (percentage of leaf area showing symptoms) is taken into account when measuring.

11.1.4. result

11.1.4.1. Test for intensity equality

The results are shown in Table 41.

[Table 41] Plot 1

* Compared to the intensity observed in the control similar mode for equivalent leaves

[Table 42] Plot 2

*For F2 leaves, compared to the intensity observed in the control-like mode.

These results indicate that, compared to application of a reduced dose of fungicide alone, disease intensity is lower for plants treated with the slurry of the invention and a reduced dose of fungicide, regardless of the degree of dose reduction (fungicide Processing frequency index is halved).

11.1.4.2. Yield Test

The results are shown in Table 43.

[Table 43] Plot 1

[Table 44] Plot 2

** Comparison of yields for the treatments given in Tables 39 and 40 (with low dose fungicide) and with conventional treatments (full dose fungicide without application of slurry of the invention)

These results indicate that, compared to the yield of the control practice, there is minimal yield loss due to reduced fungicide dosage associated with the slurry application of the invention, regardless of the degree of dosage reduction.

12. Agricultural mixtures containing crop protection compounds. Vines/Plasmopara viticola ( Plasmopara viticola ) Examples of interaction

The aim of this attempt was to improve the protective effect of lianas against Plasmopara viticola, the pathogen causing downy mildew of lianas, by combining the application of the slurry of the invention with an operational technological route using reduced doses of fungicides. It proves the difference. Accordingly, the fungicide treatment frequency index (FTI) can be reduced. Comparisons were made using a control-like configuration (no application of the slurry of the invention and reduced fungicide dose).

12.1. Equipment and Methods

12.1.1. Description of experimental plot

A description of the experimental plot is shown in Table 45.

[Table 45]

12.1.2. Aspects considered

Flowering was protected with conventional fungicides. Before and after flowering, the dose of fungicide was reduced by 50% and the composition of Example 1 was added to the slurry at a dose of 1 L/ha. The fungicide involved is copper.

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 46.

[Table 46] - Experiment plan

12.1.3. Data collection methods

Measurement of Disease Incidence

An evaluation was performed on the bundle. For each experimental setup, 50 bundles were observed per measurement. Disease incidence was assessed through two complementary indicators:

- Frequency of the disease: percentage of clusters in which the disease is observed; and

- Disease intensity (%): Average intensity of disease for all clusters. Therefore, the intensity of one organ corresponds to the surface area of the organ covered by the disease (expressed in %).

12.1.4. result

12.1.4.1. Test for intensity equality

The results are shown in Table 47.

[Table 47] Disease evaluation

* Compared to the intensity observed in a control-like mode for equivalent organs

These results indicate that the disease intensity is lower for plants treated with the slurry of the invention and a reduced dose of fungicide compared to application of the reduced dose of fungicide alone (the fungicide treatment frequency index is halved). .

12.1.4.2. Yield Test

The results are shown in Table 48.

[Table 48] Yield results

* Compared to the yield for the control similar embodiment (low dose fungicide without application of slurry of the invention)

** Compared to the yield for the conventional treatment embodiment (full dose fungicide without application of the slurry of the invention)

These results are variable but not significant, indicating that there is minimal yield loss due to reduced fungicide dosage associated with the slurry application of the invention compared to the yield of the control practice.

12.1.5. conclusion

The incidence of disease is lower with the treatment described above (application of the slurry of the invention in combination with a low dose fungicide) than with the same treatment without application of the slurry of the invention (low dose fungicide alone). Therefore, application of the slurry of the invention increases the efficacy of the fungicide molecules or complements their action, thus ensuring better efficacy for reduced dose treatment.

Adding the slurry of the present invention to a fungicide spray mix reduces the concentration of fungicide, thereby significantly reducing the fungicide application frequency index for these treatments without significantly affecting yield.

Therefore, these trials have shown that when the slurry of the present invention is mixed with a fungicide mixture containing the "active ingredient", it serves to increase or complement its effectiveness, while maintaining good sanitary conditions and ensuring good yields. It can be concluded that it significantly reduces the frequency of fungicide treatment.

13. Comparison of the protective efficiency of emulsions versus suspension-emulsions against Plasmopara viticola

The main objective was to investigate the ability of the slurry according to Example 1 and the same formulation without any SF2 sucrose ester to induce protection in grapevines against the parasitic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causative agent of downy mildew. It was to be done.

Grapevine leaves were sprayed with the slurry of Example 1 and its equivalent without SF2 free sucrose ester until runoff. Control plants were treated with an equivalent volume of ultrapure water. After 48 hours of treatment, the sporangia suspension adjusted to 2.10 ⁴ sporangia/ml was sprayed on the lower surface of the leaves. Plants were placed in a humid chamber (90% to 100% relative humidity, temperature 18 to 23°C) in the dark overnight. Six days after inoculation, “oil spot” symptoms appeared on the adaxial side of the leaves. Five leaf disks (Ø 11 mm) per leaf (i.e., 40 disks per plant) were collected and placed face up on wet Whatmanji in a Plexiglas box (relative humidity 90 to 100%). To induce sporulation, the device was placed in the dark at 20-22°C overnight. The sporulation percentage of each leaf disc was assessed using Visilog 6.9 software.

[Table 49] The values in parentheses are the weight percent concentration of the molecule.

Both slurries prepared from the emulsion or suspension-emulsion of Example 1 and applied 48 hours before pathogen inoculation reduced sporulation of P. viticola on grapevine leaves compared to control leaf discs. Surprisingly, the suspension-emulsion of Example 1 led to stronger protection than the emulsion treatment, as shown in Table 49.

14. Evaluation of the ability of the slurry according to Example 1 to reduce the sensitivity of maize to water stress in real conditions compared to emulsions

The main objective was to investigate the ability of the slurry according to Example 1 and the same formulation without free sucrose ester to induce aquatic stress protection on corn grown in real fields. In an uncontrolled embodiment, in an embodiment treated with a slurry prepared from an emulsion according to example 1 (meaning no SF2 free sucrose ester) and in another embodiment treated with a slurry prepared from a suspension-emulsion according to the example The yield was estimated. Yields were estimated for these three modes. Table 52 summarizes the trials.

14.1. Equipment and Methods

14.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 50.

[Table 50]

14.1.2. Aspects considered

A description of the aspects considered is shown in Table 51.

[Table 51]

The composition of Example 1 was diluted in water to obtain a slurry, and applied only once by foliar spray at a volume of 80 L/ha under conditions of temperature 22°C, relative humidity 75%, and no wind.

14.1.3. Data collection methods

Real-time estimation of harvested corn weight.

14.2. result

The results are shown in Table 52.

[Table 52]

15. Preparation of a composition according to the invention comprising boric acid and sodium molybdate.

The composition (Example 10) is shown in Table 53:

[Table 53]

(i) preparing a lipophilic phase comprising phytosterols, sucrose stearate, polyethylene glycol 400, and methyl tetradecanoate at about 110°C,

(ii) A hydrophilic phase comprising benzyl alcohol, boric acid and sodium molybdate dihydrate in water is prepared at about 80°C.

(iii) mixing the lipophilic phase of step (i) and the water of step (ii) and producing a lipophilic liquid having a diameter comprised between 0.1 and 20 μm, with a maximum peak between 0.5 and 7 μm as determined by laser diffraction. Stir until at least 90% of the enemy is obtained,

(iv) cooling the emulsion to an ambient temperature of about 20° C., and

(v) at an ambient temperature of about 20° C. until at least 90% of the particles having a diameter comprised between 10 and 250 μm as determined by laser diffraction and with a maximum peak between 10 μm and 1000 μm are obtained and suspended in the aqueous phase. Sucrose stearate was added to the emulsion.

16. Evaluation of the ability of slurries according to Example 1 (see Table 1) and Example 10 (see Table 53) to reduce the sensitivity of soybean crops to water stress.

The objective was to evaluate soybean yield in field trials with plantations carried out using seeds subjected to aquatic stress and treated with foliar applications of the compositions of Examples 1 and 10 at different stages.

16.1. Equipment and Methods

16.1.1. Description of experimental setup

A description of the experimental setup is shown in Table 54.

[Table 54]

16.1.2. Processing Modes Considered

Descriptions of the aspects considered are shown in Table 55.

[Table 55]

In this study, yield is considered.

16.2. result

The results are shown in Table 56.

[Table 56]

16.3. conclusion

This trial demonstrated that when the slurry of the present invention was applied to soybeans at an early stage of development (between stages V3 and V4), yields were improved for both compositions as prepared in Example 1, but the composition as prepared in Example 10 yielded improved yields. It mainly shows improvement.

This evidence shows that under the same growing conditions, plants treated with a slurry of the present invention (whether the slurry was obtained in Example 1 or Example 10) increased grain yield and reduced soil water consumption to limit its drying. It shows optimization.

Claims (33)

A multiphasic agricultural composition in the form of a suspension-emulsion comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, comprising:
An agricultural composition wherein the lipophilic droplets are dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition further comprising:
- at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplet and the aqueous phase and selected from SF soluble in the aqueous phase (water SF1) and SF soluble in the lipophilic droplet (oil SF1); and
- at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase and in the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase. In claim 1,
Agricultural composition, characterized in that the mixture of phytosterols accounts for 0.2% to 10%, advantageously 0.5% to 7%, and preferably 1% to 5% of the composition by weight. In claim 1 or claim 2,
Agricultural composition, characterized in that the mixture of phytosterols contains β-sitosterol, which accounts for at least 30% by weight of the mixture of phytosterols, and the balance, where appropriate, up to 100% of campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol. . The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The first surfactant occupies 0.2% to 10% of the composition by weight, and the second surfactant occupies 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
- at least one water SF1 and at least one SF2, or
- at least one oil SF1 and at least one SF2, or
- Agricultural composition, characterized in that it contains at least one water SF1, at least one oil SF1 and at least one SF2. In claim 5,
Containing at least one first surfactant (oil SF1 and/or water SF1) and at least one second surfactant (SF2), wherein the first surfactant (oil SF1 and/or water SF1) is An agricultural composition characterized by the same activator (SF2). In claim 6,
An agricultural composition, characterized in that the first surfactant oil SF1 and/or water SF1 and the second surfactant (SF2) are fatty acid sugar esters. In claim 7,
An agricultural composition, characterized in that the fatty acid sugar ester is sucrose stearate. In claim 7,
Agricultural composition, characterized in that the fatty acid sugar esters are in the form of a mixture containing:
- a monoester content in the range of 20% to 80% by weight of saccharose stearate, advantageously 70%, with the remainder being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters. 80%, advantageously 70% saccharose stearate; and
- has a monoester content in the range of 20% to 80% by weight of saccharose palmitate, advantageously 70%, with the remainder being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters. 80%, advantageously 30% saccharose palmitate. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Agricultural composition, characterized in that water SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, oil SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters, and SF2 is selected from the group of natural surfactants. In claim 10,
Water SF1 is polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), oil SF1 is sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20), and SF2 is soy lecithin. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Agricultural composition, characterized in that the water SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, the oil SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters and SF2 is selected from the group comprising fatty acid sugar esters. In claim 12,
An agricultural composition characterized in that water SF1 is Tween 80, oil SF1 is Span 20, and SF2 is sucrose stearate. In claim 1,
(i) the mixture of phytosterols contains β-sitosterol, which accounts for at least 30% by weight of the mixture of phytosterols, and the remainder, as appropriate, up to 100% campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol; and
(ii) the first surfactant oil SF1 and the second surfactant (SF2) are sucrose stearate. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
- Phytopharmaceutical products such as plant growth regulators, fungicides, fungicides, bactericides, bacteriostatics, insecticides, acaricides, anthelmintics, nematicides, talpicides or herbicides;
- Biocontrol products based on natural mechanisms that allow plants to fight fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition from weeds; and/or
- An agricultural composition comprising at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of trace elements or nutrients such as fertilizers. An agricultural kit containing the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and at least one active ingredient selected from the group comprising:
- Phytopharmaceutical products such as plant growth regulators, fungicides, fungicides, bactericides, bacteriostatics, insecticides, acaricides, anthelmintics, nematicides, talpicides or herbicides;
- Biocontrol products based on natural mechanisms that allow plants to fight fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition from weeds; and/or
- Nutrients such as trace elements or fertilizers. In claim 16,
An agricultural composition or agricultural kit, characterized in that the nutrients are boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds. In claim 17,
Agricultural composition or agricultural kit, characterized in that the boron compound is added as an acid and the molybdenum compound is added as a water salt, advantageously boric acid and sodium molybdate dihydrate. In claim 17 or claim 18,
The concentration of the at least one boron compound is 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.8% by weight, and the concentration of the at least one molybdenum compound is 0.002 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.003 to 0.5% by weight. An agricultural composition characterized in that: In claim 19,
An agricultural composition comprising sucrose stearate as oils SF1 and SF2. In claim 1,
The lipophilic droplets contain a mixture of phytosterols, including β-sitosterol, which accounts for at least 30% of the mixture of phytosterols by weight, and the remainder, where appropriate, up to 100% of campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, The lipophilic droplets are dispersed in an aqueous phase, and the composition is
- at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplet and the aqueous phase and soluble in the lipophilic droplet (oil SF1); and
- at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase and in the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase; and
- 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.8% by weight of at least one boron compound; and
- 0.002 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.003 to 0.5% by weight of at least one molybdenum compound; wherein SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearate. In claim 21,
An agricultural composition wherein the boron compound is boric acid and the molybdenum compound is sodium molybdate dihydrate. A slurry resulting from dilution of a composition according to claims 1 to 15 and 17 to 22 or at least a composition of a kit according to claims 16 to 18. A process for preparing a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15 comprising the following steps:
a) preparing a lipophilic phase comprising a mixture of phytosterols, optionally heating the mixture of phytosterols;
b) preparing an aqueous phase, optionally heating the aqueous phase;
c) simultaneously adding first surfactant oil SF1 to the lipophilic phase of step a) and/or adding first surfactant water SF1 to the aqueous phase of step b);
d) mixing and stirring the lipophilic phase with the aqueous phase until an emulsion is obtained;
e) cooling the emulsion;
f) Adding the second surfactant (SF2) to the aqueous phase of the emulsion thus obtained under stirring until a homogeneous suspension of solid particles of the second surfactant is obtained in the aqueous phase of the emulsion. In claim 21,
a) preparing a lipophilic phase comprising a mixture of phytosterols, optionally heating the mixture of phytosterols;
b) preparing an aqueous phase, optionally heating the aqueous phase;
c) simultaneously adding the first surfactant oil SF1 to the lipophilic phase of step a); and
d) mixing and stirring the lipophilic phase with the aqueous phase until an emulsion is obtained;
e) cooling the emulsion;
f) adding the second surfactant (SF2) to the aqueous phase of the emulsion thus obtained under stirring until a homogeneous suspension of solid particles of the second surfactant in the aqueous phase of the emulsion is obtained,
A method of making a composition wherein the boron and molybdenum compounds are added to the aqueous phase before the emulsion is formed and/or added directly to the emulsion after the emulsion is formed. Preventive treatment of cultivated plants to limit dry matter loss associated with abiotic and/or biotic stresses, comprising applying a slurry according to claim 25 to the plants before the onset of abiotic and/or biotic stresses. method. In claim 26,
A method characterized in that the abiotic stress is a form corresponding to water stress. In claim 26,
characterized in that it results from fungal infection, bacterial infection, viral infection, pest attack and/or competition with weeds. The method of any one of claims 26 to 28,
Characterized in that the slurry is applied by foliar application at a composition dosage of 0.1 L/ha to 15 L/ha, advantageously 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha. The method of any one of claims 26 to 29,
The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivated plant is selected from the group comprising soybeans, corn, barley, millet, wheat, and sunflowers. The method of any one of claims 26 to 29,
The cultivated plants include broodstock, miscanthus, panicum, sorghum, peanuts, rapeseed, protein peas, wild peas, wild beans, lupins, flax, cut alfalfa, grapes, beets, potatoes, beans, lettuce, parsley, and radishes. A method characterized by being selected from the group. A multiphasic agricultural composition obtainable by the method of claim 24. A multiphasic agricultural composition obtainable by the method of claim 25.