BR102023020586A2 - MULTIPHASE AGRICULTURAL COMPOSITION, PASTE, COMPOSITION MANUFACTURING METHOD AND PREVENTIVE TREATMENT PROCESS - Google Patents

Abstract

Multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspo-emulsion, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition further comprising: − at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and the aqueous phase, said SF1 being soluble in lipophilic droplets (SF1 OIL); and − at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of insoluble particles in the aqueous phase, where SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearate, and − between 0.01 to 2% in weight of at least one boron compound, and − between 0.002 and 1% by weight of at least one molybdenum compound.

Description

FIELD OF INVENTION

[001] The invention is related to agriculture and, in particular, to cultivated plants, notably plants grown in the field, and to the prevention of adverse effects linked to exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stresses in said cultivated plants, including the loss of matter dry. Therefore, the invention involves a phytosterol-based composition, its manufacturing method, a paste comprising said diluted composition and its uses, particularly in a method of preventive treatment directed at the onset of deleterious effects induced by exposure to abiotic stress and/or or biotic.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

[002] Plants, that is, cultivated plants and especially ornamental plants, are subjected to various forms of stress. In particular, plants are constantly exposed to their environment and cannot escape abiotic stress factors (drought, cold, frost, salinity, etc.). At the same time, they are also exposed to biotic stress factors, that is, stresses resulting from the harmful action of a living or bioaggressive organism (virus, fungi, bacteria, insects, pests, etc.) and, more generally, a pathogen of plants.

[003] For the purposes of the invention, “abiotic stress” refers to a non-living stimulus in living plant organisms, for example, a climatic hazard in a crop.

[004] For the purposes of the invention, “plant pathogen” refers to a pathogen capable of infecting and/or invading a part of a plant and causing disease therein.

[005] In general, these abiotic and biotic stresses cause morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants, resulting in a decrease in crop yield per hectare, that is, a decrease in the production or quality of dry matter.

[006] In other words, a cultivated plant, for example a plant grown in the field, is subject to these various forms of stress, which, among other effects, will cause a decrease in the production of dry matter by the plant compared to a cultivated plant under ideal conditions (controlled conditions regarding water supply, day/night period, absence of exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stresses, etc.).

[007] To combat abiotic stress, especially water stress (or drought), farmers have adapted by simplifying crop rotations and prioritizing winter crops. The first consequence of this simplification is not only an increased risk that wild-growing plants (weeds) and pests develop resistance to plant protection products, but also an increased risk of water pollution due to large product applications at the same time. of the year. The second consequence is the disproportionate cultivation of starch-producing plants (notably cereal straw) compared to protein-producing plants (legumes). Furthermore, to combat drought, farmers resort to extensive crop irrigation, which leads to environmental and economic problems.

[008] When it comes to combating biotic stresses, farmers use chemical or biocontrol products that rely on natural mechanisms. However, the use of chemicals in agriculture is controversial, given their potential toxicity to human health and the environment. It is therefore necessary to minimize, as much as possible, the amount of these products that is used, while optimizing their effects.

[009] To combat these different types of stress, curative treatments have been proposed that consist of applying a mixture of surfactants to plants, such as sucrose stearate and β-sitosterol, after exposure to biotic or abiotic stress. This is the case, for example, of the Applicant's document WO2019/030442 A1, which describes the application of a composition containing 80% sucrose stearate by weight and 20% β-sitosterol by weight, diluted to 3% in water.

[010] In a similar way, document WO 2018/229710 describes a composition for stimulating plant growth, when applicable in the presence of a stress factor, this composition being in the form of a concentrated suspension comprising a mixture of phytosterols in a higher quantity to 25% of the suspension by weight. The objective is to increase the concentration of phytosterols to allow application in smaller quantities. In practice, the amount of composition applied is 400 g/ha. The composition also contains a wetting agent and/or a surfactant, present in respective amounts between 1% and 5%. The suspension is obtained by grinding the different constituents until the particle size is less than 10 μm. This document shows that the composition exhibits better biostimulant effects compared to the same unmilled composition. One of the disadvantages of this composition lies in its cost, which is linked to the large amount of phytosterols it contains, with the price of phytosterols being particularly high.

[011] The problem that the invention aims to solve is, therefore, to develop an alternative phytosterol-based composition that can be applied in the smallest possible quantities, while presenting high efficacy in relation to abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting in only a small loss of dry matter.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[012] The Applicant thus improved the compositions based on surfactants and phytosterol described in documents WO2019/030442 A1 and WO 2018/229710, proposing no longer a solution or a suspension, but rather an oil-in-water emulsion, whose aqueous phase contains a surfactant that is in particulate form, with this composition also being referred to below as a multiphase composition.

[013] The Applicant thus found that, very surprisingly, the composition of the invention made it possible to drastically reduce the amount of phytosterols applied, thus reducing the cost of the treatment.

[014] It was also observed that the composition of the invention, when applied to the cultivated plant as preventative care, that is, before the onset of stress, enabled an additional reduction in the harmful effects of abiotic and/or biotic stresses, notably the loss of dry matter and the resulting decrease in yields per hectare.

[015] The Applicant assumed that the surfactant present in the aqueous phase plays a particular role in the wetting properties of the composition and in the penetration of the composition through the cuticle, notably through the solubilization of epicuticular waxes (the waxes located in the outermost part of the surface of the cuticle) and some or all of the waxes present within the cutin layer, thus creating access routes for water-based materials.

[016] Epicuticular waxes appear to form “crystals” on the surface of the leaf that would be responsible for creating angles that prevent drops from spreading properly.

[017] Thus, the particulate surfactant would therefore allow the solubilization of these waxes and reduce, even eliminate, the presence of these angles. At the same time, the surfactant present in the aqueous phase would ensure a loosening of the bonds between the constituent molecules of cutin, thus facilitating the penetration of droplets containing the phytosterol mixture into the plant's cell membrane.

[018] As a consequence, it is possible to reduce the amount of phytosterols contained in the composition, improving their diffusion in the plant's cell membrane, in order to obtain beneficial effects for the plant that are at least similar and usually better than those provided by the compositions of the prior art.

[019] The first surfactant, that is, the one present at the interface of the oil droplets and the aqueous phase, plays a conventional role in stabilizing the emulsion.

[020] Consequently, and according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspo-emulsion, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition additionally comprising: - at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and the aqueous phase and selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (SF1 WATER) and/or the SFs that are soluble in the lipophilic droplets (SF1 OIL); and - at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of insoluble particles in the aqueous phase.

[021] In the description, lipophilic droplets are also called oil droplets.

[022] The composition is considered “multiphase” as it comprises two distinct phases of oil and water, but it cannot be described as a suspension or an emulsion, since the aqueous phase also contains a third phase composed of solid particles. It could therefore be described as a suspo-emulsion.

[023] According to a first characteristic of the composition, at least one first surfactant (SF1) is located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and the aqueous phase and selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (SF1 WATER) and/or the SFs that are soluble in lipophilic droplets (SF1 OIL). Generally, SF1 WATER and SF1 OIL differ from each other by the proportion of their hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. Practically, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of SF1 WATER is higher than that of SF1 OIL. In contrast, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of SF1 OIL is greater than that of SF1 WATER. In specific embodiments, SF1 WATER and SF1 OIL are identical.

[024] According to the second characteristic of the composition, at least one second surfactant (SF2) is suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant being in the form of insoluble particles in the aqueous phase.

[025] In the context of the invention, the expression “insoluble in the aqueous phase” refers to a compound that presents the inability to form a homogeneous solution with water at the microscopic or macroscopic level, at a given temperature and atmospheric pressure.

[026] On the other hand, the word “solubility” refers to a compound that leads to a homogeneous solution without leaving insoluble particles when added to a liquid, at a given temperature and atmospheric pressure.

[027] Advantageously, the first surfactant (SF1 WATER) is soluble in water heated to 80°C at a concentration of at least 2 g/L.

[028] Advantageously, the first surfactant (SF1 OIL) is soluble in the oil phase heated to 110°C at a concentration of at least 2 g/L.

[029] Advantageously, the water solubility limit of the second surfactant (SF2) observed practically at 25°C is less than 10 mg/L, preferably less than 5 mg/L, more preferably, less than 2 mg/L.

[030] The Applicant noted that the phytosterol composition formulated in this way and applied to the crop plant in an effective amount as a preventive measure, that is, before the onset of stress, allowed a reduction in the harmful effects of abiotic and/or biotic stresses , notably the loss of dry matter and the consequent decrease in yields per hectare.

[031] An “effective amount”, as used in the present invention, is an amount sufficient to affect beneficial or desired results.

[032] In particular, the composition of the invention has the advantages of improving plant growth and reducing the number of days during which the cultivated plant is below the wilting point. The plant is thus better able to combat the harmful effects of exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stress.

[033] In other words, application of the composition of the invention to a cultivated plant before the onset of an abiotic and/or biotic stress increases the time spent in the readily usable soil water reserve (EUSWR) and reduces the time spent below the wilting point, that is, the time spent in the soil survival reserve (SSR). The result is better production and/or dry matter yield.

[034] For the purposes of the invention, the term “easily usable soil water reserve” (or EUSWR) refers to the proportion of the usable soil water reserve (USWR) that a cultivated plant can extract without reducing its transpiration (or evapotranspiration), experiencing water stress or limiting their growth. EUSWR generally represents 40% to 80% of USWR depending on soil depth and plant species grown.

[035] For the purposes of the invention, the term “soil survival reserve” (or SSR) refers to the proportion of USWR that a cultivated plant cannot extract. The plant is consequently in a state of water stress, because its transpiration (or evapotranspiration) is not reduced. Therefore, the cultivated plant limits its growth or even withers.

[036] For the purposes of the invention, the term “wilting point” (or WP) refers to the state of soil water below which the plant can no longer extract the water necessary for its growth, that is, the point below which the tension between the roots and the plant is high and the roots can no longer extract water from the soil. It is, therefore, the limit below which the cultivated plant has entirely consumed the EUSWR and will wilt, albeit reversibly, but with an impact on yield. This parameter is determined, in particular, by measuring soil moisture, for example by means of a neutron probe, a tensiometer or a time domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture meter. The wilting point depends on the field capacity, the amount of water available to the plant according to the different types of soil and the variety of plant cultivated.

[037] For the purposes of the invention, the term “yield” refers to the quantity of harvested product, whether seeds or fruits, dry matter or green matter, or wine, in a given cultivation area.

[038] For the purposes of the invention, the term “cultivated plant”, in contrast to a naturally existing plant, refers to all plants that can be cultivated, that is, sown, planted and exploited by man.

[039] By "plants" we mean all plants and plant populations, such as desirable and undesirable wild plants, cultivars and plant varieties (whether or not protected by plant varieties or plant breeder's rights). Plant cultivars and varieties may be plants obtained by conventional propagation and reproduction methods that may be assisted or supplemented by one or more biotechnological methods, such as the use of double haploids, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, molecular markers or genetic or bioengineering and genetic manipulation methods.

[040] The term "plant" includes whole plants and parts thereof, including, but not limited to, vegetative organs/structures of shoots (e.g., leaves, stems and tubers), roots, flowers and floral organs/structures (e.g. e.g., bracts, sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, anthers, and ovules), seeds (including embryo, endosperm, and seed coat) and fruits (the mature ovary), plant tissues (e.g., vascular tissue, ground tissue, and the like) and cells (e.g., guard cells, ova, and the like) and progeny thereof. “Fruits” and “plant products” are to be understood as any plant product that is subsequently used after harvesting, e.g. fruits in the proper sense, nuts, wood, etc., that is, anything of economic value produced by the plant .

[041] As another characteristic, the majority of lipophilic droplets present in the composition before the addition of SF2, advantageously at least 90% of the lipophilic droplets (also called Dv90 emulsion) have a diameter between 0.01 and 70 μm, preferably between 0 1 and 50 μm, more preferably between 0.1 and 20 μm with a maximum peak preferably of less than 10 μm, advantageously between 0.5 and 7 μm, preferably between 2 and 6 μm as determined by laser diffraction.

[042] An essential feature of the invention is that the composition contains at least two surfactants, referred to as SF1 and SF2.

[043] The composition therefore contains a first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the oil droplets and the aqueous phase. This first SF is selected from among the SF that are soluble in the aqueous phase (SF1 WATER) and the SF that are soluble in oil droplets (SF1 OIL).

[044] Therefore, at the interface of the oil droplets and the aqueous phase, the composition may contain: - at least one SF1 WATER, or - at least one SF1 OIL, or - at least one SF1 WATER and at least one SF1 OIL.

[045] The composition also contains a second surfactant (SF2).

[046] The second surfactant (SF2) is in the form of particles.

[047] Advantageously, at least 90% of the particles of the composition of the invention (also called suspo-emulsion Dv90) have a diameter between 1 and 1,000 μm, advantageously between 10 and 250 μm with a maximum peak preferably between 10 μm and 100 μm as determined by laser diffraction.

[048] In other words, the composition may contain: - at least one SF1 WATER and at least one SF2, or - at least one SF1 OIL and at least one SF2, or - at least one SF1 WATER, at least one SF1 OIL and at least one SF2.

[049] To facilitate the method of manufacturing the composition, the composition contains at least two SFs, and respectively at least one SF1 OIL and/or SF1 WATER and at least one SF2, with SF1 OIL or SF1 WATER and SF2 being identical.

[050] For example, sugar esters of fatty acids can be used both as SF1 WATER and SF1 OIL, since they are soluble in oil and water at different temperatures.

[051] In practice, SF1 WATER, SF1 OIL and SF2 are selected according to the desired solubility in lipophilic droplets or in water, from the group comprising: - anionic surfactants, advantageously anionic surfactants whose main polar group is a carboxylate, a sulfonate or a sulfated alcohol; - cationic surfactants, advantageously cationic surfactants whose main polar group is an amine, a quaternary amine or a quaternary ammonium ester; - amphoteric surfactants, advantageously derived from betaine or phospholipids; - neutral surfactants, advantageously ethoxylated, alkanolamines, alkylglucamides, polyol esters, alkyl monoglycosides or alkyl polyglycosides, polyol esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (especially Tween 20, Tween 21, Tween 22, Tween 23, Tween 24, Tween 28, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 61, Tween 65, Tween 80) or sorbitan esters (especially Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, Span 80, Span 83, Span 85, Span 120); - natural surfactants, advantageously lecithins, preferably soy lecithin, or surfactants derived from amino acids; and surfactants synthesized from natural raw materials, advantageously derived from polyols, preferably fatty acid sugar esters; Preferred fatty acid sugar esters are sucrose stearate, sucrose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.

[052] In the remainder of the description and claims the terms “sucrose stearate” and “sucrose stearate” are used interchangeably. Likewise, “sucrose palmitate” and “sucrose palmitate” are used interchangeably.

[053] In the description and claims, the expression “sucrose stearate” means pure sucrose stearate or a mixture of sucrose esters of fatty acids containing mainly sucrose stearate. The example of pure sucrose stearate corresponds to the CAS number [136152 91-5]. The example of a sucrose ester mixture of fatty acids containing mainly sucrose stearate corresponds, for example, to the CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5].

[054] In the description and claims, the expression “sucrose palmitate” means pure sucrose palmitate or a mixture of sucrose esters of fatty acids containing mainly sucrose palmitate. The example of pure sucrose palmitate corresponds to the CAS number [110539 62-3]. The example of a sucrose ester mixture of fatty acids containing mainly sucrose palmitate corresponds to the CAS number [26446-38-8].

[055] Preferably, the composition contains at least one SF1 OIL or SF1 WATER and at least one SF2, with both being selected from the group comprising fatty acid sugar esters.

[056] In practice, these esters are solid at room temperature. Being naturally lipophilic compounds, they are insoluble in the aqueous phase and are therefore candidates for the role of SF2. They are also soluble in oil droplets, but only if they are previously heated to their melting temperature, which can be easily determined by a person skilled in the art. For this reason, they are also candidates for the role of SF1 OIL. This explains why SF1 OIL and SF2 can be the same.

[057] Fatty acid sugar esters can also be used both as SF1 WATER and SF1 OIL. In fact, sucrose esters are generally soluble in water at high temperatures. It concerns, for example, sucrose stearate which is soluble in water at about 80°C.

[058] Advantageously, the sugar esters of fatty acids are sucrose stearate, sucrose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.

[059] According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant, in this case SF1 OIL or SF1 WATER, and/or the second surfactant SF2 contains sucrose stearate or, advantageously, a mixture containing sucrose stearate and sucrose palmitate.

[060] According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant (SF1 OIL) and/or (SF1 WATER) and/or the second surfactant (SF2) is a mixture containing: - between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 70 % sucrose stearate with a monoester content ranging between 20% and 80% by weight of sucrose stearate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di, tri and/or polyesters; and - between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 30% sucrose palmitate with monoester content varying between 20% and 80% by weight sucrose palmitate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di, tri and/or polyesters.

[061] According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant SF1 OIL and/or SF1 WATER and/or the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5] ). Preferably, the composition contains a first surfactant SF1 OIL or SF1 WATER and a second surfactant SF2 where SF1 OIL or SF1 WATER and SF2 are sucrose stearate.

[062] According to another specific embodiment, the first surfactant SF1 OIL and/or the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS [26446-38-8].

[063] According to another specific embodiment, the first surfactant SF1 OIL is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4]) and the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS number [26446-38-8] or the first surfactant SF1 OIL is sucrose palmitate and the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose stearate.

[064] According to another specific embodiment, the first surfactant SF1 OIL is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4]) or sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS number [26446- 38-8] and the second SF2 surfactant is soy lecithin CAS [8002-43-5].

[065] According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant (SF1) represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, and the second surfactant (SF2) represents between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight. .

[066] Advantageously, the first surfactant (SF1 OIL) is identical to the second surfactant (SF2). In this case, the first surfactant preferably represents between 3% and 7% of the composition by weight, and the second surfactant preferably represents between 0.1% and 2.5% of the composition by weight and is advantageously sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [ 25168- 73-4] or [84066-95-5]).

[067] As mentioned above, in a specific embodiment, the composition contains at least one SF1 WATER, at least one SF1 OIL and at least one SF2.

[068] Advantageously, SF1 WATER is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, SF1 OIL is selected from the group of sorbitan esters and SF2 is selected from the group of natural surfactants.

[069] In a preferred embodiment, the SF1 WATER is polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), the SF1 OIL is sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) and SF2 is soy lecithin (CAS [8002-43-5]).

[070] In another embodiment, SF1 WATER is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, SF1 OIL is selected from the group of sorbitan esters and SF2 is selected from the group comprising sugar esters of fatty acids .

[071] In another preferred embodiment, the SF1 WATER is Tween 20, the SF1 OIL is Span 85 and SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).

[072] In another preferred embodiment, the SF1 WATER is Tween 80, the SF1 OIL is Span 20 and SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).

[073] According to a specific embodiment, the phytosterol mixture of the invention contains free phytosterols and/or conjugated phytosterols, with the conjugated phytosterols being advantageously selected from the group comprising phytosterol esters, phytosterol glycosides, acylated phytosterol glycosides and mixtures of the same.

[074] Examples of free phytosterols in the context of the invention include β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, cholesterol and brassicasterol, and mixtures thereof.

[075] An example of a phytosterol ester in the context of the invention is esterified β-sitosterol.

[076] Examples of phytosterol glycosides in the context of the invention include β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside and stigmasterol glycosyl.

[077] Examples of acylated phytosterol glycosides in the context of the invention include sitosteryl glucose 16:0, sitosteryl glucose 18:1, stigmasteryl glucose 16:0 and stigmasteryl glucose 18:1.

[078] According to a specific embodiment, the phytosterol mixture also contains at least one precursor of the phytosterol biosynthetic pathway or at least one of its derivatives. This may be, for example, a molecule selected from the group comprising squalene, squalane, mevalonate and cycloartenol.

[079] According to a specific embodiment, the phytosterol mixture in the context of the invention contains β-sitosterol.

[080] Advantageously, the phytosterol mixture contains β-sitosterol, representing at least 30% of the phytosterol mixture by weight, preferably at least 35%, with the balance to 100% containing in particular, and when appropriate, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol.

[081] As an example, a phytosterol mixture of the invention may be a phytosterol extract obtained from oilseeds, such as soybeans, pine seeds, sunflower seeds or canola seeds. A possible example of said phytosterol mixture is the raw material with CAS number [949109-75-5]. The phytosterol mixture of the invention may also be a phytosterol extract obtained from pine wood after conversion into wood pulp.

[082] According to a specific embodiment, the mixture of phytosterols represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, advantageously between 0.5% and 7%, and preferably between 1% and 5%.

[083] According to a specific embodiment, the composition of the invention contains: - a mixture comprising β-sitosterol, advantageously representing at least 30% of the mixture by weight, together with campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol; and - a first surfactant (SF1 OIL) and/or a second surfactant (SF2) comprising sucrose stearate, advantageously a mixture containing sucrose stearate and sucrose palmitate.

[084] According to another specific embodiment, the composition of the invention contains: - a mixture of phytosterols corresponding to the CAS number [949109-75 5] and - a first surfactant (SF1 OIL) that is identical to a second surfactant (SF2) which is sucrose stearate, for example CAS number [84066 95-5 or 25168-73-4].

[085] According to a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the phytosterol mixture to the first surfactant (SF1) and second surfactant (SF2) is between 0.01 and 15, and advantageously between 0.1 and 5.

[086] According to a specific embodiment, the composition of the invention also contains at least one component selected from the group that includes: - at least one fluidizing agent selected from the group comprising glycerin, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight between 100, preferably between 200 and 8,000 Da, advantageously between 200 and 1,000 Da, preferably equal to 200 Da and more preferably equal to 400 Da; with the fluidizing agent advantageously representing between 1% and 15% of the composition by weight, and advantageously between 2% and 8%; and/or - at least one solubilizing agent for phytosterols (or fatty substances) selected from the group comprising lecithins, fatty alcohols such as, for example, oleyl alcohol; fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid; glycerides, triglycerides, vegetable oils, advantageously soybean oil, grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, corn oil, canola oil or sunflower oil; with the solubilizing agent advantageously representing between 1% and 30% of the composition by weight, and advantageously between 4% and 15%; and/or - at least one wetting agent selected from the group comprising silanes, siloxanes, triglycerides, a mixture of fatty acids, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, advantageously including methyl tetradecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate and methyl octadecanoate, or a mixture thereof with the wetting agent advantageously representing between 0.1% and 5% of the composition by weight; and/or - at least one chelating agent, selected from the group comprising natural chelating agents, advantageously sodium phytate or amino acid-based chelating agents; and synthetic chelating agents, advantageously 2,2'-bipyridine, dimercaptopropanol, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, salicylic acid or triethanolamine, and preferably EDTA; with the chelating agent advantageously representing between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight; and/or - at least one preservative, advantageously selected from the group comprising benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid and its salts, especially sodium benzoate, dehydroacetic acid and its salts, especially sodium dehydroacetate, salicylic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, especially potassium sorbate, 2-phenylethanol, phenoxyethanol, phenylpropanol and preferably benzyl alcohol; with the preservative advantageously representing between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight.

[087] Of course, all of the above components may have more properties than those mentioned above.

[088] According to another embodiment, the composition of the invention also contains an antioxidant agent selected from the group comprising citric acid and its salts, tartaric acid and its salts, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate, lecithins, tocopherols, polyphenols, butylhydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, lycopene.

[089] According to a specific embodiment, the composition of the invention advantageously comprises: - 0.2% to 30% of the composition by weight of at least the first and second surfactants, which are preferably identical, advantageously sucrose stearate and also most advantageously sucrose stearate having CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4]; - 0.2% to 10% of the composition by weight of a mixture of phytosterols containing β-sitosterol, with the β-sitosterol advantageously representing at least 30% of the mixture by weight, and the balance comprising a mixture of campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol , with the overall mixture even more advantageously corresponding to the CAS number [949109-75-5]; - 1% to 15% of the composition by weight of a fluidizing agent, advantageously polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight (Mn) between 200 and 8,000 Da, advantageously between 200 and 1,000 Da, and preferably equal to 400 Da; or a plant oil as mentioned previously; - 0.1% to 5% of the composition by weight of a wetting agent, advantageously methyl esters of fatty acids, preferably comprising methyl tetradecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and methylhexadecanoate or a mixture thereof; - 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight of a preservative, advantageously benzyl alcohol; - 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight of a natural or synthetic chelating agent, advantageously as described above, and preferably EDTA; and - the balance being water (QSP water 100%).

[090] According to another aspect, the invention relates to a paste resulting from diluting the composition as previously described.

[091] For the purposes of the invention, the term “paste” therefore refers to the composition of the invention diluted in water or in a solution containing water and one or more active ingredients. The product that is applied to the plant in the field is the paste.

[092] Advantageously, the viscosity of the paste of the invention is less than or equal to 200 cP, advantageously equal to or strictly greater than 1cP and less than or equal to 100 cP. In the context of the invention, viscosity is measured using an Anton Paar QC300 viscometer, and the measurement is made at room temperature with the DG26 measuring system.

[093] Advantageously, the pH of the paste of the invention is between 5 and 8, preferably between 5 and 7, and even more advantageously between 6 and 7.

[094] In the context of the invention, the Applicant raises the hypothesis that diluting the composition as a paste allows the solubilization of the solid component of the second surfactant that is still in suspension in the aqueous phase, or an increase in the amount of the second surfactant that is present in solubilized form, thus ensuring a more effective paste and, therefore, a more effective composition of the invention.

[095] According to a specific embodiment, the mixture of phytosterols and the surfactant(s) of the invention are combined with at least one active ingredient.

[096] For the purposes of the invention, the term “active ingredient” refers to a product that allows the plant to combat, preferably, abiotic and/or biotic stresses, advantageously selected from the group comprising: - a plant protection product such as a plant growth regulator, a fungicide, a fungistatic agent, a bactericide, a bacteriostatic agent, an insecticide, an acaricide, a parasiticide, a nematicide, a talpicide or an herbicide; - a biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms that allows plants to combat fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition with weeds; and/or - a nutrient, organic or inorganic, such as a micronutrient or a fertilizer.

[097] The term "bactericide", as used in the present invention, refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of bacteria.

[098] The term "insecticide", as well as the term "insecticides", refer to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term "insects" comprises all organisms of the class "Insecta".

[099] The terms "nematicide" and "nematicides" refer to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes. In general, the term "nematode" comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.

[100] The term "acaricide" and "acaricides" refer to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, subclass Acari.

[101] The plant growth regulator can be selected from the group consisting of: - Antiauxins: clofibric acid, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid; - Auxins: 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA, naphthaleneacetamide, a-naphthaleneacetic acid, 1- naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T; - Cytokinins: 2iP, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 2,6-dimethylpyridine, kinetin, zeatin; - Defoliants: calcium cyanamide, dimethipine, endotal, merfos, methoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribuphos, tributyl phosphorotrithioate; - Ethylene modulators: aviglycine, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), prohexadione (calcium prohexadione), trinexapac (ethyl-trinexapac); - Ethylene releasers: ACC, etacelasil, etephon, glyoxime; Gibberellins: gibberellin, gibberellic acid; - Growth inhibitors: abscisic acid, ancymidol, butraline, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorpropham, diprogolic acid, flumetralin, fluoridamide, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimole, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate), piproctanil, prohydrojasmon, propham, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid; - Morfactins: chlorflurene, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenol; - Growth retardants: chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, tetcyclacis, uniconazole, metconazole; - Growth stimulants: brassinolide, forchlorfenuron, himexazole; - Plant growth regulators unclassified/classification unknown: amidochlor, benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cloxifonac, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocoleone, eticlozate, ethylene, fenridazon, fluprimidol, flutiacet, heptopargyl , holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, metasulfocarb, pydanon, synthofen, triapentenol

[102] Fungicides and fungistatics can be selected from the group: - Respiratory inhibitors - Complex III inhibitors at the Qo site, such as, for example, azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, strobilurin, phenaminstrobin, phenoxystrobin/fluphenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim- methyl, metominostrobin, orisastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyramethostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, piribencarb, triclopiricarb/chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone; - complex III inhibitors at the Qi site: cyazofamide, amisulbrom, - complex II inhibitors: flutolanil, benodanil, bixafem, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane , tecloftalam, thifluzamide, - other respiratory inhibitors (e.g. complex I, uncouplers): diflumetorim; - nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacril, dinobuton, dinocape, fluazinam; ferimzone; organometallic compounds: fentin acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; ametoctradine; and siltiofam; - Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides) - C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides): triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole- M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazol, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, - imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole; pyrimidines, pyridines and piperazines: fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, triforine; Delta14-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidine, piperaline, spiroxamine; 3-keto reductase inhibitors: fenhexamide; - Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: - Phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiral-axyl, metalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl; others: hymexazole, octilinone, oxolinic acid, bupyrimate, 5-fluorocytosine, - Cell division and cytoskeleton inhibitors - tubulin inhibitors: benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl; triazolopyrimidines, - cell division inhibitors: diethofencarb, etaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone; - Inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis - inhibitors of methionine synthesis (anilinopyrimidines): cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin S, casugamycin, casugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, polyoxin, validamycin A; - Signal transduction inhibitors - MAP/histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimide, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil; G protein inhibitors: quinoxifene; - Inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis - Inhibitors of phospholipid biosynthesis: edifenfos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane; lipid peroxidation: dichloran, quintazene, technazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole; phospholipid biosynthesis and deposition in the cell wall: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandipropamide, pyrimorph, bentiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate and - compounds that affect cell membrane permeability and fatty acids: propamocarb, fatty acid hydrochloridamide propamocarb - Inhibitors with multisite action - Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; thio and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; organochlorine compounds (e.g. phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles): anilazine, chlorothalonil, Captafol, Captan, Folpet, diclofluanide, dichlorophene, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenol and its salts, tolylfluanide phthalide and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadine tris(albesilate), dithianon, - Cell wall synthesis inhibitors - Glucan synthesis inhibitors: validamycin, polyoxin B; melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilone, tricyclazole, carpropamide, dicyclomet, fenoxanil; - Plant defense inducers - acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, calcium prohexadione; phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetylaluminum, phosphorous acid and their salts; - Unknown mode of action - bronopol, quinomethionate, ciflufenamide, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, diphenzoquat, diphenzoquat methylsulfate, diphenylamine, fenpyrazamine, flumetover, flusulfamide, flutianil, metasulfocarb, nitrapyrin, nitrotal-isopropyl, copper quinolate, picarbutrazox, proquinazid, tebufloquin, teclophthalam, triazoxide,

[103] Insecticidal compounds can be selected from the group consisting of: - Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors of the carbamate class: aldicarb, alanicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxym, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate , furatiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiophanox, trimetacarb, XMC, xylylcarb and triazamate; - Inibidores da acetilcolina esterase da classe dos organofosforados: acefato, azametifos, azinfos-etil, azinfosmetil, cadusafos, cloretoxifos, clorfenvinfos, clormefós, clorpirifós, clorpirifós-metil, coumafós, cianofós, demeton-S-metil, diazinon, diclorvós/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinfos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, etoprofos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenfos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathione, fosdrin, monocrotophos, nalad, omethoate, oxidemeton-methyl, parathion, methyl parathion, phentoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosfamidan, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenophos, propetanphos, prothiophos, pyraclophos, pyridafenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, temephos , terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion; - Antagonists of GABA-controlled chloride channels: - Organochlorine cyclodiene compounds: endosulfan; or M-2.B fiproles (phenylpyrazoles): etiprol, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole or pyriprole; - Sodium channel modulators of the pyrethroid class: acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioalethrin, bioalethrin S-cyclopentenil, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyfenothrin, deltamethrin, momfluorothrin, empentrine, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucitrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, permethrin, phenothrin, pralethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, DDT and methoxychlor; - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists from the neonicotinoid class: acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, sulfoxaflor, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; - Allosteric activators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the spinosyn class: spinosad, spinetoram; - Chloride channel activators from the mectin class: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin; - Juvenile hormone mimickers: hydroprene, quinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen; - Non-specific multisite inhibitors: methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax or tartar emetic; - Selective homopteran feeding blockers: pymetrozine, flonicamide, pyrifluquinazon, - Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, hexithiazox, diflovidazine or etoxazole; - Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors: diafenthiuron, azocyclotine, cyhexatin, fembutatin oxide, propargite or tetradifon; - Oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers: chlorfenapyr, DNOC or sulfluramide; M 13 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers: bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, tiosultap sodium; - Type 0 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (benzoylurea class): bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucicloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; - Type 1 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors: buprofezin; - Molting disruptors: cyromazine; - Ecdysone receptor agonists: methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide; - Octopamine receptor agonists: amitraz; - Inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport complex III: hydramethylnone, acequinocil, flometoquine, fluacripyrim or pyriminostrobin; - Inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport complex I: fenazaquine, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridabene, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim or rotenone; - Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone - Lipid synthesis inhibitors, acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramate; - Inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport complex II: cenopirafen, cyflumetofem or piflubumide; and - Modulators of the ryanodine receptor of the diamide class: flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole (rinaxipyr), cyantraniliprole (ciazypir), - Others: afidopyropene.

[104] As used in the present invention, “biocontrol product” is defined as agents or products that utilize natural mechanisms. They form a set of tools that can be used, alone or in combination with other plant protection methods, to combat crop enemies in integrated pest management. There are four main types of biocontrol agents: > Auxiliary macroorganisms (to combat aggressors): invertebrates, insects, mites or nematodes used in an integrated approach to protect crops from bioaggressors. > Plant protection products, including:

[105] Microorganisms (to control aggressors): fungi, bacteria and viruses used to protect crops from pests and diseases, or increase plant vitality. > Chemical mediators: insect pheromones and kairomones. These can be used to track the flights of insect pests and control insect populations through disruption of mating or capture. > Natural substances: these substances obtained from plant, microbial, animal or mineral sources are found in the natural environment and used as biocontrol products.

[106] Traditional treatment of cultivated plants consists of the application of active ingredients (a plant protection product and/or a biocontrol product and/or a nutrient) to the cultivated plant, in particular, where they provide an effect only through an interaction with the surface of the plant. Given the protective role played by the cuticle, they undergo little or no penetration into the plant through passive diffusion.

[107] Unexpectedly, the Applicant noted that when the combination of phytosterols and surfactants of the invention is combined with at least one active ingredient, it facilitates the diffusion and passive penetration of the active ingredient into the plant cell through the cuticle passage mechanisms. and the plant cell membrane that were previously described. The composition or paste described in the invention therefore allows the presence of a greater concentration or quantity of active ingredient in the plant. Provided that the composition or paste is applied preferably before the onset of stress, a systemic action of the active ingredient on the plant is observed, leading in turn to a reinforced fight against biotic stresses. Furthermore, the composition or paste makes it possible to reduce the doses of active ingredients used, while ensuring improved effectiveness of these active ingredients.

[108] The invention relates to the composition disclosed above, said composition containing at least one active ingredient as mentioned above.

[109] Another object of the invention is also an agricultural kit separately containing the composition of the invention (before dilution) and at least one active ingredient as described above.

[110] In use, the composition of the invention can be mixed by the farmer with an effective amount of the active ingredient and then diluted to obtain a paste that is applied to the plant.

[111] Another option is to dilute the composition of the invention in order to obtain the paste and, only then, add at least one active ingredient to the paste.

[112] In a specific embodiment, the invention relates to a composition as disclosed above, that is, a multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspo-emulsion, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase. The composition additionally comprises: - at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and the aqueous phase and selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (SF1 WATER) and/or the SFs soluble in the lipophilic droplets (SF1 OIL); and - at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of insoluble particles in the aqueous phase, - boron and molybdenum compounds as nutrients.

[113] In the context of the invention, the expressions “boron compound” and “molybdenum compound” cover all chemical compounds that are in the form of a chemical element, a molecule (organic, inorganic or organometallic), a covalent compound or a salt.

[114] According to a specific embodiment, the boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds form a single molecule chosen from the group comprising molybdenum boride or dimolybdenum monoboride or the combination thereof.

[115] Depending on their form and nature, boron and molybdenum compounds may be present in the aqueous phase as a water-soluble salt or as an acid, in the lipophilic droplets as an organometallic molecule or both in the aqueous phase and in the lipophilic droplets.

[116] When the boron compound is added to the composition of the invention, it can be added as a water-soluble salt or as an acid. When it is added as a water-soluble salt, the salt is chosen from the group comprising sodium tetraborate (borax), or any other salt containing at least one, two, three or four boron atoms in its chemical formula, taken alone or in combination of these.

[117] Practically, the salt containing boron compound can be anhydrous or complexed with a plurality of water molecules.

[118] Preferably, the boron compound is added as an acid and is boric acid.

[119] When the molybdenum compound is added to the composition of the invention as a water-soluble salt, the salt is chosen from the group comprising sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, molybdenum disilicide, molybdenum(IV) disulfide, molybdenum oxide (IV), molybdenum oxide (VI).

[120] Practically, the salt containing the Mo compound can be anhydrous or complexed with a plurality of water molecules.

[121] Preferably, the Mo salt is sodium molybdate dihydrate.

[122] In a preferred embodiment, the compound Mo is added as a water salt and Bo is added as an acid, advantageously boric acid and sodium molybdate dihydrate.

[123] When the boron compound is added to the composition of the invention as an organometallic molecule containing boron compound, it is chosen from the group comprising alkylboronic acids (methylboronic acid, ethylboronic acid, propylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid), trimethylboroxine, trimethoxyboroxine, compounds of borate (trimethylborate, triethylborate, tripropylborate, triphenylborate and other borate compounds substituted by di- or trialkyl), borane compounds (trimethylborane, triethylborane, tripropylborane, triphenylborane and other borane compounds substituted by di- or trialkyl), pinacol ester of acids boronics (phenylboronic pinacol ester, benzylboronic pinacol ester, bis(pinacolato)diboron and pinacol esters substituted by boronic acid alkyl), isomers or closocarboranes (ortho, meta and paracarborane), taken alone or in combination thereof.

[124] When the molybdenum compound is added to the composition of the invention as an organometallic molecule, it is chosen from the group comprising dimolybdenum tetracetate, molybdenum stearate and other molybdenum carboxylic acids in which the carboxylate ligand has between 2 and 18 carbons.

[125] Advantageously, boron and molybdenum compounds are present in the aqueous phase.

[126] In use and according to a preferred embodiment, the composition of the invention containing boron and molybdenum compounds is diluted in order to obtain a paste that is applied to the plant.

[127] In this modality, the applicant noted that the composition was particularly efficient when the concentration of boron and molybdenum compounds in the nutrients is between 0.002 and 2% by weight of the total composition before dilution, that is, before obtaining the paste .

[128] When the composition contains boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds as nutrients, their concentrations are respectively comprised between 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.8% by weight, preferably about of 1.5% by weight of at least one boron compound and between 0.002 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.003 to 0.5% by weight, preferably about 0.25% by weight of at least one molybdenum compound.

[129] Practically the ratio of boron compound (B)/molybdenum compound (Mo) is between 0.1 and 10.

[130] In a specific embodiment, the invention relates to a multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspo-emulsion as disclosed above, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols comprising β-sitosterol, which represents at least 30% of the mixture of phytosterols by weight, with the balance to 100% containing, where appropriate, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase to form an oil-in-water emulsion, the composition further comprising: - at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and the aqueous phase, said SF1 being selected from among the surfactants that are soluble in the aqueous phase (SF1 WATER) and/or the surfactants soluble in the lipophilic droplets (SF1 OIL); and - at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the oil-in-water emulsion, said second surfactant having the form of insoluble particles in the aqueous phase, wherein SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearate, and - between 0.01 to 2 % by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.8% by weight, preferably about 1.5% by weight of at least boron compound, and - between 0.002 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.003 to 0.5% by weight weight, preferably about 0.25% by weight of at least one molybdenum compound.

[131] In this embodiment, the phytosterol mixture preferably represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, advantageously between 0.5% and 7%, and preferably between 1% and 5%.

[132] Advantageously, the first surfactant represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, and the second surfactant represents between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight, advantageously, the boron compound is boric acid and the molybdenum compound is sodium molybdate dihydrate, and are preferentially present in the aqueous phase. If necessary, the composition additionally comprises at least one active ingredient selected from the group comprising: - plant protection product such as a plant growth regulator, a fungicide, a fungistatic agent, a bactericide, a bacteriostatic agent, an insecticide, an acaricide , a parasiticide, a nematicide, a talpicide or an herbicide; - a biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms that allows plants to combat fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition with weeds.

[133] Another option is to dilute the composition that does not contain boron and molybdenum compounds with water containing boron and molybdenum compounds to obtain the paste. In this case, the concentration of boron and molybdenum compounds is adapted to the consequences.

[134] In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing the multiphase composition described above which is composed of the following steps: a) preparation of the lipophilic phase comprising heating the mixture of phytosterols; b) simultaneously with step a) or before step a), preparing the aqueous phase comprising heating said aqueous phase; c) simultaneously, adding the first surfactant SF1 OIL to the lipophilic phase of step a) and/or adding the first surfactant SF1 WATER to the aqueous phase b); d) mixing and stirring the lipophilic phase with the aqueous phase until an emulsion is obtained; e) cooling of the emulsion; f) addition of the second surfactant (SF2) to the emulsion thus obtained under stirring, preferably at room temperature between 20°C and 25°C, until a homogeneous suspension of solid particles in the aqueous phase is obtained.

[135] When present, a fluidizing agent, a solubilizing agent and, advantageously, a wetting agent are added to the lipophilic phase and, where necessary, a chelating agent, a preservative and/or an antioxidant are added to the aqueous phase.

[136] In some embodiments, the wetting agent can be used in the aqueous phase and the antioxidant can be added in the oil phase.

[137] According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant, in this case SF1 OIL, is identical to the second surfactant (SF2) so that the surfactant that is present at the interface of the oil droplets and the aqueous phase of the dispersion is identical to the surfactant that is present in the aqueous phase in the form of solid particles.

[138] According to a specific embodiment, the fluidizing agent is polyethylene glycol and, advantageously, polyethylene glycol with a molar mass of 200 or 400 g/mol.

[139] According to a specific embodiment, the wetting agent is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, preferably comprising methyl tetradecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and methyl hexadecanoate. In practice, preparation of the lipophilic phase is conducted at an elevated temperature, preferably in a range between about 70°C to about 140°C, preferably between about 90°C to about 120°C, more preferably about 110°C; - the preparation of the aqueous phase is conducted at an elevated temperature, preferably in a range between about 50°C to about 90°C, preferably between about 70°C to about 90°C, more preferably about 80° W; - stirring is conducted until an emulsion of lipophilic droplets is obtained, preferably at least 90% of said lipophilic droplets having a diameter comprised between 0.01 and 70 μm, preferably between 0.1 and 50 μm, more preferably between 0. 1 and 20 μm with a maximum peak less than 10 μm, advantageously between 0.5 to 7 μm, preferably between 2 and 6 μm as determined by laser diffraction, - cooling of the emulsion is conducted until the temperature is between 20° C and 30°C, preferably between 20°C and 25°C is reached, - the addition of the second surfactant (SF2) to the emulsion is carried out until a homogeneous suspension of the solid particles in the aqueous phase is obtained, preferably at least 90% of the particles have a diameter between 1 and 1000 μm, advantageously between 10 and 250 μm with a maximum peak preferably between 10 μm and 100 μm as determined by laser diffraction.

[140] According to the invention, the boron and molybdenum compounds are added to the aqueous phase and/or the lipophilic phase before the formation of the emulsion and/or directly into the emulsion after the formation of the emulsion.

[141] Depending on the chemical form of the boron and molybdenum compounds (acid, water-soluble salt, or organometallic molecule), it is added to the lipophilic phase, or the aqueous phase, or both the lipophilic and aqueous phases before the emulsion is formed and /or directly into the emulsion after the emulsion is formed.

[142] When the composition contains boron and molybdenum compounds present as acid, water-soluble salts, boron and molybdenum compounds are added in the aqueous phase (practically step b) above), before the emulsion is formed, or directly into the emulsion after the emulsion is formed (practically from the end of step d) to the end of step f)).

[143] When the composition contains boron and molybdenum compounds present as organometallic molecule(s), boron and molybdenum compounds are added in the lipophilic phase (practically step a) above).

[144] According to a specific embodiment, where the composition contains boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds, they are added in the aqueous phase, between steps b) and c) as described above.

[145] According to another embodiment, where the composition contains boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds, they are added directly into the emulsion after the emulsion is formed (practically from the end of step d) until the end of step f )).

[146] The invention also relates to a composition obtainable by the above-mentioned method, said composition advantageously containing sucrose stearate as SF1 and SF2.

[147] According to another aspect, the invention relates to the use of the composition or paste described above to prevent exposure of a cultivated plant to biotic and/or abiotic stress.

[148] The invention is also related to a method of preventive treatment of a cultivated plant that aims to limit the loss of dry matter related to abiotic and/or biotic stress; consists of applying to the plant, before the onset of said abiotic and/or biotic stress, the composition or paste previously described.

[149] Advantageously, in the sense of the invention, the plant is grown in fields or under controlled conditions, for example using hydroponics, in a pot or in a greenhouse; Preferably, in the context of the invention, the plant is grown in a field.

[150] In general, abiotic stress is responsible for decreased yield or dry matter production and results from drought (lack of water or water stress), extreme temperatures (thermal stress), excess water (floods), frost, wind, soil salinity (salt stress), ultraviolet radiation, insufficient access to certain nutrients, soil with stress-inducing characteristics (chemical composition, redox potential, etc.) or physical damage and, advantageously, drought and/or extreme temperatures.

[151] According to a specific modality, abiotic stress corresponds to water stress. In another modality, abiotic stress corresponds to thermal stress.

[152] For the purposes of the invention, the term “water stress” refers to a state in which the water content of the cultivated plant is below the wilting point.

[153] For the purposes of the invention, the phrase “before the onset of abiotic stress”, particularly with respect to water stress, refers to the period during which the useful soil water reserve is adequately replenished, i.e. the time elapsed from the moment when the soil's useful water reserve is sufficiently or completely full (field capacity) until the moment when the wilting point is reached.

[154] For the purposes of the invention, the phrase “before the onset of abiotic stress”, particularly with respect to thermal stress (or extreme temperatures), refers to the period before the point of vulnerability to frost and/or blight. blast for each plant species and each developmental stage of those species. In other words, it refers to temperatures that are unfavorable to the growth and development of the plant, in addition to all other crop conditions, such as water supply.

[155] With regard to drought, the Applicant observed that the composition or paste of the invention, when applied preventively to the cultivated plant, that is, before the occurrence of abiotic stress, induces a closure of the stomata and, therefore, a decrease in evapotranspiration. Consequently, the plant's water consumption is reduced without causing a decrease in yield, that is, in the production of dry matter.

[156] In other words, the invention is also related to a method of reducing water consumption by a plant grown under water stress conditions which consists of applying to said plant, before the onset of water stress, the composition or paste previously described.

[157] The Applicant noted that the composition was especially effective for this specific effect on plants chosen from the soybean, corn, sunflower group.

[158] In practice, the biological mechanisms set into action by the composition or paste of the invention, especially at particularly low levels of phytosterols and therefore β-sitosterol, lead to a stimulation of plant vigor that provides the plant with improved resistance. water stress: - stimulation of the development of the root system increases the supply of water accessible to the plant; - the message sent by β-sitosterol in the plant induces the partial closure of the stomata, thus limiting water losses through evapotranspiration.

[159] For the purposes of the invention, the phrase “stimulation of plant vigor” refers, for example, to a stimulation of various plant metabolic pathways that improve the plant's resistance to water stress.

[160] Advantageously, the biological mechanisms described above lead to an improvement in overall plant vigor and, more generally, plant health.

[161] The term “plant health” or “plant health” is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products that is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other, such as increased yield, plant vigor , harvest quality of plant parts and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.

[162] The extent of the water supply accessible to the plant and the rate of consumption of this supply are therefore modulated by signals whose transmission involves phytosterols, in particular β-sitosterol. These two mechanisms lead to optimized consumption of accessible water by the plant.

[163] More precisely, a water stress tolerance effect is observed; this effect is notably induced by β-sitosterol as used in the invention, as well as by application of the composition or paste before exposure to stress.

[164] In a particular embodiment, the invention relates to a method of preventive treatment of a cultivated plant that aims to limit the loss of dry matter related to salt stress; consists of applying the previously described composition or paste to the plant.

[165] According to a specific embodiment, with regard to biotic stress that results in a decrease in yield or dry matter production, this may be caused by the harmful action of a plant pathogen living in cultivated plants, whether a fungal infection and/or a bacterial infection. and/or a viral infection and/or a pest attack and/or weed competition.

[166] For example, a fungal plant infection may be downy mildew on grapes, tomatoes, or potatoes, Septoria on wheat, Rynchospora on barley, or powdery mildew on cereals and grapes; a bacterial plant infection may be crown gall, bacterial canker or fire blight; a viral infection of the plant may be mosaic diseases or yellow dwarf virus; Pests capable of attacking a cultivated plant include aphids, flea beetles or weevils.

[167] In particular, the composition or paste of the invention helps to reduce the intensity of a fungal disease, advantageously without affecting its frequency.

[168] For the purposes of the invention, the phrase “before the onset of biotic stress”, in particular with respect to a fungal infection, refers to the period before the appearance of the first symptoms, e.g., before the appearance of the first spots on the leaves and/or stems of the cultivated plant.

[169] For the purposes of the invention, the phrase “fungal disease intensity” refers to the average intensity of the disease across all leaves of the cultivated plant. Disease intensity on a leaf is the area of the leaf surface covered by the disease.

[170] For the purposes of the invention, the phrase “fungal disease frequency” refers to the number of leaves on which the disease or spots can be observed.

[171] It follows from the above that the composition or paste of the invention, when applied to the plant prior to the onset of an infection, particularly a fungal infection, leads to a decrease in the surface area of the spot or discoloration of the leaf compared to a plant that has not received the preventive treatment of the invention.

[172] The Applicant also noted that the composition or paste of the invention improves the growth and development of the plant, and particularly that of the young seedling when the paste is applied before the onset of stress. In particular, these improvements are even more advantageous when the paste is applied by soaking seeds.

[173] The invention is therefore also related to a method of stimulating the growth and development of young seedlings which consists of applying the previously described composition or paste before the onset of an abiotic and/or biotic stress, preferably through imbibition of the seeds. The method of the invention therefore limits the period of time during which the young seedling is exposed to abiotic and/or biotic stresses. Furthermore, the effect of the product applied via seed soaking lasts over time, since plants treated with the composition or paste of the invention are more tolerant to abiotic and/or biotic stress.

[174] In practice, the young seedling is more fragile than the adult plant with regard to abiotic and/or biotic stresses. A young seedling that has been treated with the composition or paste of the invention reaches a state of full maturity (the adult plant stage) more quickly than a seedling that has not received this treatment.

[175] Unexpectedly, the Applicant noticed that the first and second surfactants of the invention modify the state of the cuticle, making it permeable, that is, they allow the mixture of phytosterols to penetrate the interior to reach the internal components of the leaf or tissue. plant, for example, plant cells.

[176] In other words, the surfactants of the invention facilitate the passage of the seed coat barrier and even the rupture of the seed coat and, therefore, accelerate germination. Next, the exogenous contribution of the phytosterol mixture, mainly β-sitosterol, helps to stimulate seedling growth and development. The composition or paste of the invention thus allows an effective exogenous supply of phytosterols, notably β-sitosterol, possibly combined with one or more active ingredients, through the combination of a suitable composition and a system that allows delivery of the phytosterols in the form of particles of a specific size, as mentioned previously.

[177] For the purposes of the invention, the phrase “delivery of phytosterols” refers to the transport of phytosterols, which are hydrophobic, through the aqueous phase.

[178] Furthermore, the second surfactant, which is present in the form of solid particles suspended in the aqueous phase of the composition of the invention, helps to solubilize the epicuticular waxes and provides facilitated pathways through the cuticle for the constituent compounds of said composition.

[179] From the above, it is concluded that the period during which the seedling can be subjected to stress is shortened.

[180] The fact that the compounds of the invention are not products that perform a specific type of activity, such as fungicides or biocides, makes it possible to consider an extensive spectrum of uses for a wide variety of crops, which can, in particular, improve the protection and therefore profitability of minor crops for which the number of plant protection products available is almost zero.

[181] In practice, the composition or paste of the invention is applied by spraying the leaves, by sprinkling, irrigation, seed soaking, seed coating, drip irrigation or gravity irrigation of the cultivated plant, by incorporation into the soil, by adding to a hydroponic or immersion growing medium.

[182] For the purposes of the invention: - the term “foliar spraying” refers to a pressurized projection of paste that forms a large number of microdroplets that cover the upper and/or lower surfaces of the leaf; - the term “irrigation” refers to the addition of a water supply to the soil solution that is absorbed by the plant's root system; and - the term “seed soaking” refers to immersing the seed in a solution containing the composition.

[183] Advantageously, the composition is applied to the cultivated plant by foliar spray at a composition dose of 0.1 L/ha (hectare) to 15 L/ha, preferably 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha. Practically, the required dose of the composition is diluted in water in order to obtain a paste. The paste is then applied to the plant in a volume between 30 and 400 L/ha, advantageously between 50 and 200 L/ha.

[184] In a specific embodiment, the composition contains 2.5% by weight of phytosterols and the required dose of the composition varies from 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha. This means that the dose of phytosterols applied to the plant is between 25 and 125 g/ha. Practically, the composition of the invention cannot be applied directly to the plant and needs to be diluted to form a paste. In the present embodiment, the paste is applied to the plant, especially by foliar spraying in a volume of 50 to 200 L/ha.

[185] The paste is preferably applied during a phase when the plant's leaves cover the ground.

[186] Advantageously, the paste of the invention is applied only once by foliar spraying and/or irrigation and/or seed soaking.

[187] The invention also relates to the use of the composition or paste as previously described: - to increase the tolerance of a cultivated plant to an abiotic stress and/or; - to reduce the intensity of a biotic stress that affects a cultivated plant.

[188] The invention also relates to the use of the composition or paste as described above as a biostimulant for a cultivated plant.

[189] The invention also relates to the use of the composition or paste as described above to improve the yield or dry matter production of a cultivated plant.

[190] The invention also relates to the use of the composition or paste as previously described to promote deeper root development for a cultivated plant.

[191] The invention also relates to the use of the composition or paste as described above to control the opening or closing of the stomata of a cultivated plant.

[192] The invention also relates to the use of the composition or paste as described above to improve the vegetative development and/or flowering of a cultivated plant.

[193] The invention also relates to the use of a composition comprising a mixture of phytosterols and surfactants, notably polyols, and in particular the composition or paste as described above, to strengthen the stem of the cultivated plant and improve its tolerance to physiological accommodation. . Adverse effects of lodging, which can include lower seed filling, loss of quality, loss of yield and harvesting difficulties.

[194] The invention also relates to the use of the composition or paste as previously described to improve the effectiveness of plant protection fungicides or biocontrol products.

[195] According to a specific embodiment, the cultivated plant is a chlorophyll plant, advantageously selected from the group comprising cereal field crops, oilseeds and protein crops; grape; plants with roots and tubers; horticultural plants; gram; vegetables; herbs and spices; tree crops; or industrial crops intended for the production of raw materials for processing. Preferably, the cultivated plant is selected from the group comprising nutrients, corn, barley, millet, moha, Miscanthus, Panicum, Sorghum, peanut, wheat, canola, sunflower, protein peas, peas, broad beans, lupins, flax, truncated alfalfa, grapes , beets, potatoes, beans, lettuce, parsley and radishes.

[196] The composition, the slurry, the method of manufacturing the composition of the invention, the treatment method for preventing abiotic and/or biotic stress, as well as the uses described above, have the advantages of corresponding exactly to the related social demands to plant protection products: - It can be applied in the field and has a concentration of phytosterol that is effective in stimulating the growth of cultivated plants and facing abiotic and/or biotic stress; - Environmentally friendly; - Insurance for human health; - Wide range of uses in terms of crop plant varieties; - No induced resistance; - Improved environmental conditions; - Economic merit; - Regulatory merit.

[197] The invention and the benefits it produces are more visible in the following figures and examples, which are given to illustrate the invention in a non-exhaustive way.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[198] Figure 1: Particle size distribution of a suspo-emulsion according to the invention

[199] Figure 2: microscopic photograph of the suspo-emulsion of the invention EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION 1. Preparation of compositions containing SF1 and SF2 1.1. Composition formulas (see Table 1)

[200] Any percentage by weight of a compound or molecule of the invention refers to the total weight of said invention, which means relative to the sum of all ingredients giving one hundred. This percentage by weight can be symbolized as % by weight.

[201] Table 1. preparation of compositions. Footnotes. 1: CAS[25168-73-4]2: CAS[84066-95-5]3: CAS[26446-38-8]. 1.2. Manufacturing a composition:

[202] The various compositions according to the invention are manufactured comprising the following steps: (i) Preparation at about 110°C of a lipophilic phase comprising phytosterols, SF1 oil surfactant (if any), methyl tetradecanoate and, when present, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and solvent, (ii) Preparation at a given temperature of a hydrophilic phase comprising water, the surfactant SF1 WATER, if any, and benzyl alcohol, if any, (iii) Mixing the lipophilic phase of the step (i) with the hydrophilic phase from step (ii) and stir until obtaining at least 90% of the volume of lipophilic droplets with a diameter between 0.1 and 20 μm, with a maximum peak between 2 and 6 μm as determined by diffraction a laser, (iv) Cooling the emulsion to room temperature of about 20°C, and (v) Add a second SF2 surfactant to the emulsion, to room temperature of about 20°C, and stir until at least 90% of the particles with diameter between 10 and 250 μm are obtained and suspended in the aqueous phase, with a maximum peak between 10 μm and 1,000 μm as determined by laser diffraction.

[203] The particle size distribution and a microscopic photograph of composition 1 are shown respectively in figures 1 and 2.

[204] As shown in figure 1: - at least 90% of the lipophilic droplets dispersed in the aqueous phase have a diameter between 0.1 and 20 μm, with a maximum peak between 2 and 6 μm, as determined by laser diffraction, - at least 90% of the second surfactant (SF2) is in the form of particles having a diameter between 10 and 250 μm with a maximum peak preferably between 10 μm and 100 μm as determined by laser diffraction.

[205] As shown in figure 2, the particles of the second surfactant (SF2) designated by 1 are much larger than the lipophilic droplets designated by 2. 2. Preparation of the composition according to the invention comprising boric acid and sodium molybdate as nutrient .

[206] The composition (example 10) is given in Table 2:

[207] Table 2 (i) Preparation at about 110°C of a lipophilic phase comprising phytosterols, sucrose stearate, polyethylene glycol 400 and methyl tetradecanoate, (ii) Preparation at about 80°C of a hydrophilic phase comprising benzyl alcohol, boric acid and molybdate sodium dihydrate in water (iii) Mix the lipophilic phase from step (i) and the water from step (ii) and stir until at least 90% of lipophilic droplets with a diameter between 0.1 and 20 μm, with a maximum peak between 0.5 and 7 μm as determined by laser diffraction is obtained, (iv) Cooling the emulsion to room temperature of about 20°C, and (v) Adding sucrose stearate into the emulsion at room temperature of about 20°C until at least 90% of particles with a diameter between 10 and 250 μm are obtained and suspended in the aqueous phase, with a maximum peak between 10 μm and 1,000 μm as determined by laser diffraction. 3. Assessment of the paste capacity according to example 1 (see Table 1) and example 10 (see Table 2) to reduce the sensitivity of a soybean crop to water stress

[208] The objective is to evaluate soybean productivity in field trials with plantings carried out with seeds subjected to water stress and treated with foliar application of the compositions of example 1 and 10 in different phases. 208.1. Equipment and methods 208.1.1. Description of the experimental setup

[209] The description of the experimental setup is presented in Table 3.

[210] Table 3

3.1.2. Treatment modalities considered

[211] The description of the modalities considered is presented in Table 4.

[212] Table 4

[213] Yield is being considered in this study. 3.2. Results

[214] The results are presented in Table 5.

[215] Table 5

3.3. Conclusion

[216] This test shows that when the paste of the invention is applied to soybeans in an early phase of development (between phases V3 and V4), the yield is improved for both compositions according to the preparation of example 1, but mainly for the composition according to the preparation of example 10.

[217] This evidence shows that under identical growth conditions, a plant that has been treated with the paste of the invention (whether the paste obtained from example 1 or example 10) optimizes its water consumption from the soil in order to increase its grain production and limit its desiccation. 4. Comparison of the protection efficiency of an emulsion versus suspo-emulsion against Plasmopara viticola

[218] The main objective was to evaluate the effect of the form of the composition on the protection of the vine against the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew.

[219] Thus, a suspo-emulsion (composition 11 hereinafter) and an emulsion (composition 12), i.e. without the addition of SF2, are compared below to induce protection in the vine against the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew.

[220] Pastes are prepared by diluting compositions 11 and 12 in water at a concentration of 1% by volumetric weight.

[221] The vine leaves are sprayed with the paste of composition 11 and 12 and water until the point of drainage. Control plants are treated with an equivalent volume of ultrapure water (control experiment).

[222] 48h after treatments, a sporangia suspension adjusted to 2.104 sporangia/mL is sprayed on the lower surface of the leaves. The plants were placed in a humid chamber (relative humidity between 90% and 100%, temperature between 18 and 23°C) in the dark for one night. Six days after inoculation, symptoms of "oil stains" appeared on the adaxial surface of the leaves. Five sheet discs (0 11 mm) per sheet (i.e., 40 discs per modality) were removed and placed face up against damp Whatman paper in a Plexiglas box (relative humidity between 90 and 100%). The device was placed in the dark overnight at 20 to 22°C to induce sporulation. The percentage of sporulation on each leaf disc was evaluated using Visilog 6.9 software.

[223] The results are shown in Table 6 below.

[224] Table 6: Evaluation of the preventive application of Compositions 11 and 12 in reducing spores due to downy mildew on grapevines.

[225] Both pastes prepared from the emulsion and suspo-emulsion and applied 48 h before pathogen inoculation reduced the sporulation of P. viticola on grapevine leaves, compared to control leaf discs.

[226] As can be seen from the results, stronger protection is obtained when using the suspo-emulsion paste. 5. Assessment of the ability of pastes prepared from a suspo-emulsion and an emulsion to reduce the sensitivity of corn to water stress in real conditions

[227] The main objective was to investigate the ability of the paste and the effect of the shape of the composition to protect corn grown in real fields from water stress.

[228] The compositions evaluated are those of Example 1 above (composition 11 and 12).

[229] Pastes are prepared by diluting compositions 11 and 12 in water at a concentration of 3% by volumetric weight.

[230] Harvest yield was estimated for an uncontrolled modality, modality treated with paste prepared from an emulsion and modality treated with paste prepared from a suspo-emulsion.

[231] The yield was estimated during harvest thanks to the combine of these three modes.

[232] Details of the experiment conditions are shown in Table 7.

[233] Table 7: Material conditions and setup for the experiment

[234] The pastes are applied only once, by foliar spray, under the following conditions: temperature of 22°C, relative humidity of 75% and absence of wind.

[235] The pastes were applied in the V10 phase of cultivation at a dose of 1L/ha. 3%

[236] Data collection method: Real-time estimation of harvested corn weight.

[237] The results are given in Table 8 below.

[238] Table 8: Yield obtained from a corn crop subjected to water stress and which was preventively treated with compositions 11 and 12.

[239] This experiment demonstrates that when the paste of the invention is applied to corn, the yield is greatly improved with the paste prepared from the suspo-emulsion compared to the paste prepared from the emulsion.

[240] This shows that, under identical growing conditions, a plant that has been treated with the suspo-emulsion comprising phytosterols and two surfactants optimizes its water consumption from the soil in order to increase its grain production and limit its desiccation.

Claims (13)

1. Multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspoemulsion, characterized by the fact that it comprises lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols containing β-sitosterol, which represents at least 30% of the phytosterol mixture by weight, with the balance to 100% containing, where appropriate, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase to form an oil-in-water emulsion, the composition further comprising: - at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and the phase aqueous, with said SF1 selected from surfactants that are soluble in the aqueous phase (SF1 WATER) and surfactants that are soluble in lipophilic droplets (SF1 OIL); and - at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the oil-in-water emulsion, said second surfactant having the form of insoluble particles in the aqueous phase, wherein SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearates, and - between 0.01 to 2 % by weight of at least one boron compound, and - between 0.002 and 1% by weight of at least one molybdenum compound. 2. Agricultural composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the mixture of phytosterols represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, advantageously between 0.5% and 7%, and preferably between 1% and 5%. 3. Agricultural composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the first surfactant represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, and the second surfactant represents between 0.01% and 5% of the composition in weight. 4. Agricultural composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the boron compound is boric acid and the molybdenum compound is sodium molybdate dihydrate. 5. Agricultural composition according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that boric acid and sodium molybdate dihydrate are present in the aqueous phase. 6. Agricultural composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises at least one active ingredient selected from the group comprising: - plant protection product such as a plant growth regulator, a fungicide, a fungistatic agent, a bactericide, a bacteriostatic agent, an insecticide, an acaricide, a parasiticide, a nematicide, a talpicide or an herbicide; - a biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms that allows plants to combat fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition with weeds. 7. Paste, characterized by the fact that it results from the dilution of the composition defined in any of claims 1 to 6. 8. Method of manufacturing the composition defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that it comprises the following steps: a. preparing the lipophilic phase comprising the phytosterol mixture, optionally heating the phytosterol mixture; B. preparing the aqueous phase, optionally heating the aqueous phase; w. simultaneously, addition of the first surfactant SF1 OIL to the lipophilic phase of step a), and d. mixing and stirring the lipophilic phase with the aqueous phase until an emulsion is obtained; It is. emulsion cooling; f. addition of the second surfactant (SF2) to the aqueous phase of the emulsion thus obtained under stirring, until a homogeneous suspension of solid particles of the second surfactant is obtained in the aqueous phase of the emulsion, the boron and molybdenum compounds being added to the aqueous phase before formation of the emulsion and/or directly into the emulsion after the emulsion has formed. 9. Process of preventive treatment of a cultivated plant to limit the loss of dry matter related to an abiotic and/or biotic stress, characterized by the fact that it consists of applying to the plant, before the onset of said abiotic and/or biotic stress, the paste defined in claim 7. 10. Process according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the abiotic stress corresponds to water stress. 11. Process according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by the fact that the paste is applied by foliar spraying at a composition dose of 0.1 L/ha to 15 L/ha, and advantageously, at a dose of 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha. 12. Process according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by the fact that the cultivated plant is soybeans. 13. Multiphase agricultural composition, characterized by the fact that it is obtainable by the method defined in claim 8, wherein SF1 is sucrose stearate and SF2 is sucrose stearate.