WO2024074215A1 - Phytosterol-based agricultural composition and their use - Google Patents

Phytosterol-based agricultural composition and their use Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024074215A1
WO2024074215A1 PCT/EP2022/077993 EP2022077993W WO2024074215A1 WO 2024074215 A1 WO2024074215 A1 WO 2024074215A1 EP 2022077993 W EP2022077993 W EP 2022077993W WO 2024074215 A1 WO2024074215 A1 WO 2024074215A1
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Prior art keywords
advantageously
surfactant
tween
composition
water
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PCT/EP2022/077993
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French (fr)
Inventor
Aymeric MOLIN
Matthieu Hamel
Charlène BOUSSIRON
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Elicit Plant
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Priority to PCT/EP2022/077993 priority Critical patent/WO2024074215A1/en
Publication of WO2024074215A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024074215A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
    • A01N55/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur containing metal atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
    • A01N55/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur containing boron

Definitions

  • the invention relates to agriculture and, in particular, to cultivated plants, notably field-grown plants, and to the prevention of adverse effects linked to exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stresses in said cultivated plants, including the loss of dry matter.
  • the invention involves a phytosterol-based composition, its method of manufacture, a slurry comprising the said diluted composition, and its uses, particularly in a preventive treatment process targeting the onset of deleterious effects induced by exposure to an abiotic and/or biotic stress.
  • Plants i.e., crop plants and especially ornamental plants, are subjected to various forms of stress.
  • plants are constantly exposed to their environment and cannot escape abiotic stress factors (drought, cold, frost, salinity, etc.).
  • abiotic stress factors i.e., stresses resulting from the harmful action of a living or bioaggressive organism (viruses, fungi, bacteria, insects, pests, etc.) and more generally of a plant pathogen.
  • abiotic stress refers to a non-living stimulus on living vegetal organisms, for instance a climate hazard on a crop.
  • plant pathogen refers to a pathogen capable of infecting and/or invading a plant part and causing disease therein.
  • a cultivated plant for example a field-grown plant, is subjected to these various forms of stress, which, among other effects, will provoke a decrease in the production of dry matter by the plant compared to a plant cultivated underoptimal conditions (controlled conditions with regard to water supply, daylight/nighttime period, absence of exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stresses, etc.).
  • curative treatments consist in applying to the plants a mixture of surfactants, such as sucrose stearate and
  • surfactants such as sucrose stearate and
  • document WO 2018/229710 describes a composition for stimulating plant growth, where applicable in the presence of a stress factor, this composition being in the form of a concentrated suspension comprising a mixture of phytosterols in an amount greater than 25% of the suspension by weight.
  • the objective is to increase the concentration of phytosterols to allow application in smaller quantities.
  • the amount of composition applied is 400 g/ha.
  • the composition furthermore contains a wetting agent and/or a surfactant, present in respective amounts of between 1% and 5%.
  • the suspension is obtained by grinding the different constituents until the particle size becomes smaller than 10 pm.
  • This document shows that the composition exhibits better biostimulant effects compared to the same unground composition.
  • One of the drawbacks of this composition resides in its cost, which is linked to the large amount of phytosterols it contains, the price of phytosterols being particularly high.
  • the problem that the invention purports to solve is therefore that of developing an alternative phytosterol-based composition that can be applied in the lowest possible quantities while exhibiting high effectiveness with regard to abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting in only a small loss of dry matter.
  • the Applicant has thus perfected the surfactant- and phytosterol-based compositions as - for example - described in documents W02019/030442 and WO 2018/229710 by adding boron and molybdenum compounds in the composition.
  • the applicant has observed that when the slurry of the invention is applied to a plant, in water stress conditions, especially soybean, the yield is improved compared to a composition not containing boron and molybdenum compounds. This evidence shows that under identical growth conditions, a plant that has been treated with the slurry of the invention optimizes its consumption of soil water in order to increase its grain production and limit its desiccation.
  • composition of the invention when applied to the crop plant as a preventive care, i.e., prior to the onset of a stress, enabled a further reduction in the harmful effects of abiotic and/or biotic stresses, notably the loss of dry matter and the resulting decrease in per-hectare yields.
  • the invention is directed to an agricultural composition, comprising
  • boron compound and “molybdenum compound” cover all chemical compounds that present themselves into the form of a chemical element, a molecule (organic, inorganic or organometallic), a covalent compound or a salt.
  • the composition of the invention has the form of an aqueous solution comprising:
  • composition containing at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1).
  • composition of the invention has the form of an aqueous solution comprising:
  • composition containing at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1).
  • composition of the invention has the form of an aqueous solution comprising:
  • composition containing at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1).
  • aqueous solution is obtained according to the following process:
  • the at least one phytosterol and the at least one surfactant are grinded to reach particle size distribution (Dv90) with values less than 500 pm, advantageously less than 200 pm, preferably less than 100 pm, in particular less than 50 pm, even better if less than 10 pm.
  • the size of the particles is between 0.1 and 10 pm.
  • the at least one phytosterol and the at least one surfactant are then dispersed in water (or diluted in water in the case of a surfactant which is soluble in water) and the composition is stirred until a homogenous composition is reached
  • the agricultural composition of the invention has a form of an oil in water emulsion (O/W) comprising: an aqueous phase representing between 80 and 98 wt%, advantageously between 85 to 95 wt%, preferably between 90 to 94 wt% of the composition, an oily phase representing 2 and 20 wt%, advantageously between 5 to 15 wt%, preferably between 6 to 10 wt% of the composition, said oily phase comprising the at least one phytosterol and the at least one surfactant (SF1).
  • O/W oil in water emulsion
  • the emulsion includes particles constituting the oil phase and comprising the phytosterol mixture.
  • the size of these particles are less than 500 pm, advantageously less than 200 pm, preferably less than 100 pm, in particular less than 50 pm, even better if less than 10 pm.
  • the size of the particles is between 0.1 and 10 pm.
  • size refers to the largest dimension of the particles, namely, the mean diameter by volume, determined by laser diffraction.
  • - preparation of the lipophilic phase is conducted at a high-temperature, preferably in a range between about 70°C to about 140°C, preferably between about 90°C to about 120°C, more preferably about 110°C;
  • - preparation of the aqueous phase is conducted at a high-temperature, preferably in a range between about 50°C to about 90°C, preferably between about 70°C to about 90°C, more preferably about 80°C;
  • - stirring is conducted until an emulsion of lipophilic droplets is obtained, preferably at least 90% of said lipophilic droplets having a diameter comprised between 0.01 and 70 pm, preferably between 0.1 and 50 pm, most preferably between 0.1 and 20 pm with a peak maximum less than 10 pm, advantageously between 0.5 to 7 pm, preferably between 2 and 6 pm as determined by laser diffraction,
  • - cooling of the emulsion is conducted until temperature of between 20°C and 30°C, preferably between 20°C and 25°C is reached.
  • the mass ratio of the phytosterol/surfactant mixture in composition containing at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1) is practically between 0.01 and 5, advantageously between 0.1 and 2.5, preferably between 0.2 and 1.
  • the at least one phytosterol represents between 1% and 5%, preferably between 2 and 2.5 wt% of the agricultural composition.
  • the composition consists of at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1).
  • SF1 is selected according from among the group comprising:
  • anionic surfactants advantageously anionic surfactants whose polar head group is a carboxylate, a sulfonate or a sulfated alcohol;
  • - cationic surfactants advantageously cationic surfactants whose polar head group is an amine, a quaternary amine or a quaternary ammonium ester;
  • amphoteric surfactants advantageously betaine derivatives or phospholipids
  • - neutral surfactants advantageously ethoxylates, alkanolamines, alkylglucamides, polyol esters, alkyl monoglucosides or alkyl polyglucosides, or polyol ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (especially Tween 20, Tween 21, Tween 22, Tween 23, Tween 24, Tween 28, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 61, Tween 65, Tween 80), or sorbitan esters (especially Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, Span 80, Span 83, Span 85, Span 120);
  • - natural surfactants advantageously lecithins, preferably soya lecithin or other lecithins, or surfactants derived from amino acids
  • - surfactants synthesized from natural raw materials advantageously polyol derivatives, preferably fatty acid sugar esters; the preferred fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.
  • sucrose stearate and “saccharose stearate” are used indifferently.
  • sacrose palmitate and “saccharose palmitate” are used indifferently.
  • saccharose stearate designates pure saccharose stearate or a mixture of saccharose esters of fatty acids containing mostly saccharose stearate.
  • pure saccharose stearate corresponds to CAS number [136152-91-5]
  • mixture of saccharose ester of fatty acids containing mostly saccharose stearate corresponds for example to CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]
  • saccharose palmitate designates pure saccharose palmitate or a mixture of saccharose esters of fatty acids containing mostly saccharose palmitate.
  • pure saccharose palmitate corresponds to CAS number [110539-62-3]
  • a mixture of saccharose ester of fatty acids containing mostly saccharose palmitate corresponds to CAS number [26446-38-8]
  • the SF1 is a mixture containing:
  • SF1 is sucrose stearate.
  • the agricultural composition of the invention has a form of an oil in water emulsion (O/W) which aqueous phase contains a surfactant that is in particulate form, with this composition also being referred to below as a multiphase composition.
  • O/W oil in water emulsion
  • the invention also relates to a multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspo-emulsion, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition u further comprising: at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and of the aqueous phase and selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (WATER SF1) and the SFs that are soluble in the lipophilic droplets (OIL SF1); and at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase.
  • SF1 located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and of the aqueous phase and selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (WATER SF1) and the SFs that are soluble in the lipophilic droplets (OIL
  • the Applicant has made the assumption that the surfactant plays a particular role in the wetting properties of the composition and in the penetration of the composition through the cuticle, notably through a solubilization of the epicuticular waxes (the waxes situated on the outermost part of the surface of the cuticle) and of some or all of the waxes present on the inside of the cutin layer, thereby creating access pathways for aqueous-based materials.
  • the epicuticular waxes appear to form "crystals" on the surface of the leaf that would account for the creation of angles preventing the drops from spreading appropriately.
  • the surfactant would therefore allow the solubilization of these waxes and would reduce, even eliminate, the presence of these angles.
  • the surfactant would ensure a loosening of the bonds between the constituent molecules of the cutin, thereby facilitating the penetration of the mixture of phytosterols, molybdenum and boron compounds into the cellular membrane of the plant.
  • lipophilic droplets are also named oil droplets.
  • composition is deemed to be "multiphase" in that it comprises two distinct oil and water phases, but it cannot be described as a suspension or as an emulsion, given that the aqueous phase also contains a third phase made of solid particles. It could therefore be described as a suspo-emulsion.
  • At least one first surfactant (SF1) is located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and of the aqueous phase and selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (WATER SF1) and the SFs that are soluble in the lipophilic droplets (OIL SF1).
  • WATER SF1 and 0IL SF1 differ from each other by the proportion of their hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. Practically, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of WATER SF1 is higher than the one of OIL SF1. In contrast, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of OIL SF1 is higher than the one of WATER SF1.
  • WATER SF1 and OIL SF1 are identical.
  • At least one second surfactant is suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase.
  • the expression "insoluble in the aqueous phase” refers to a compound which presents the inability to form with water a homogenous solution at the microscopic or the macroscopic level, at a given temperature and atmospheric pressure.
  • solubility refers to a compound which leads to a homogenous solution without remaining insoluble particles when it is added to a liquid, at a given temperature and atmospheric pressure.
  • the first surfactant (WATER SF1) is soluble in water heated at 80 °C at a concentration of at least 2 g/L.
  • the first surfactant (OIL SF1) is soluble in the oil phase heated at 110 °C at a concentration of at least 2 g/L.
  • the limit of solubility in the water of the second surfactant (SF2) observed practically at 25 °C is less than 10 mg/L, preferably less than 5 mg/L, more preferably, less than 2 mg/L.
  • the Applicant has noted that the phytosterols composition containing boron and molybdenum compounds formulated this manner and applied to the crop plant in an effective amount as a preventive measure, i.e., prior to the onset of the stress, enabled a reduction in the harmful effects of abiotic and/or biotic stresses, notably the loss of dry matter and the resulting decrease in per-hectare yields.
  • an “effective amount”, as used herein, is an amount sufficient to affect beneficial or desired results.
  • composition of the invention presents the advantages of improving plant growth and of reducing the number of days during which the cultivated plant is below the wilting point.
  • the plant is thus more able to combat the deleterious effects of exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
  • the application of the composition of the invention to a cultivated plant prior to the onset of an abiotic and/or biotic stress increases the time spent in the easily usable soil water reserve (EUSWR) and reduces the time spent below the wilting point, i.e., the time spent in the soil survival reserve (SSR).
  • EUSWR easily usable soil water reserve
  • SSR soil survival reserve
  • the term "easily usable soil water reserve” refers to the proportion of the usable soil water reserve (USWR) that a cultivated plant can extract without reducing its transpiration (or evapotranspiration), experiencing water stress or limiting its growth.
  • the EUSWR generally represents 40% to 80% of the USWR depending on the depth of the soil and the species of plants cultivated.
  • the term "soil survival reserve” refers to the proportion of the USWR that a cultivated plant cannot extract. The plant is consequently in a state of water stress, because its transpiration (or evapotranspiration) is not reduced. Therefore, the cultivated plant limits its growth or even wilts.
  • the term "wilting point" refers to the soil water status below which the plant can no longer draw the water necessary for its growth, i.e., the point below which the tension between the roots and the plant is high and the roots can no longer extract water from the soil. It is therefore the threshold below which the cultivated plant has entirely consumed the EUSWR and will wilt, albeit reversibly, but with an impact on the yield. This parameter is determined in particular through the measurement of soil humidity, for example by means of a neutron probe, a tensiometer or a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture meter.
  • TDR time-domain reflectometry
  • yield refers to the amount of product harvested, whether seeds or fruits, dry matter or green matter, or wine, over a given cultivation area.
  • cultiva plant in contrast to a naturally existing plant, refers to all plants that can be cultivated, i.e., sown, planted and exploited, by man.
  • plants are meant all plants and plant populations such as desirable and undesirable wild plants, cultivars and plant varieties (whether or not protectable by plant variety or plant breeder's rights).
  • Cultivars and plant varieties can be plants obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods which can be assisted or supplemented by one or more biotechnological methods such as by use of double haploids, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, molecular or genetic markers or by bioengineering and genetic engineering methods.
  • plant includes whole plants and parts thereof, Including, but not limited to, shoot vegetative organs/structures (e.g. leaves, stems and tubers), roots, flowers and floral organs/structures (e.g. bracts, sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, anthers and ovules), seeds (including embryo, endosperm, and seed coat) and fruits (the mature ovary), plant tissues (e.g. vascular tissue, ground tissue, and the like) and cells (e.g. guard cells, egg cells, and the like), and progeny of same.
  • shoot vegetative organs/structures e.g. leaves, stems and tubers
  • roots flowers and floral organs/structures (e.g. bracts, sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, anthers and ovules)
  • seeds including embryo, endosperm, and seed coat
  • fruits the mature ovary
  • plant tissues e.g. vascular tissue, ground tissue, and the like
  • the majority of the lipophilic droplets present in the composition before addition of SF2 advantageously at least 90% of the lipophilic droplets (also named Dv90 emulsion) has a diameter comprised between 0.01 and 70 pm, preferably between 0.1 and 50 pm, most preferably between 0.1 and 20 pm with a peak maximum preferably of less than 10 pm, advantageously between 0.5 to 7 pm, preferably between 2 and 6 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
  • composition contains at least two surfactants, referred to as SF1 and SF2.
  • the composition therefore contains a first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the oil droplets and of the aqueous phase.
  • This first SF is selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (WATER SF1) and the SFs that are soluble in the oil droplets (OIL SF1).
  • the composition according to the third embodiment can contain: at least one WATER SF1, or at least one OIL SF1, or at least one WATER SF1 and at least one OIL SF1.
  • the composition also contains a second surfactant (SF2).
  • SF2 second surfactant
  • the second surfactant (SF2) is in the form of particles.
  • At least 90% of the particles of the composition of the invention has a diameter comprised between 1 and 1000 pm, advantageously between 10 and 250 pm with a peak maximum preferably of between 10 pm and 100 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
  • composition according to the third embodiment of the invention can contain: at least one WATER SF1 and at least one SF2, or at least one OIL SF1 and at least one SF2, or at least one WATER SF1, at least one OIL SF1 and at least one SF2.
  • the composition contains at least two SFs, and respectively at least one OIL SF1 and/or WATER SF1 and at least one SF2, with OIL SF1 or WATER SF1 and SF2 being identical.
  • OIL SF1 or WATER SF1 and SF2 being identical.
  • fatty acid sugar esters may be used as both WATER SF1 and OIL SF1 since they are soluble in oil and in water at different temperatures.
  • WATER SF1, OIL SF1 and SF2 are selected according to the desired solubility in lipophilic droplets or in water, from among the group comprising:
  • anionic surfactants advantageously anionic surfactants whose polar head group is a carboxylate, a sulfonate or a sulfated alcohol;
  • - cationic surfactants advantageously cationic surfactants whose polar head group is an amine, a quaternary amine or a quaternary ammonium ester;
  • amphoteric surfactants advantageously betaine derivatives or phospholipids
  • - neutral surfactants advantageously ethoxylates, alkanolamines, alkylglucamides, polyol esters, alkyl monoglucosides or alkyl polyglucosides, polyol ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (especially Tween 20, Tween 21, Tween 22, Tween 23, Tween 24, Tween 28, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 61, Tween 65, Tween 80), or sorbitan esters (especially Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, Span 80, Span 83, Span 85, Span 120);
  • - natural surfactants advantageously lecithins, preferably soy lecithin, or surfactants derived from amino acids
  • - surfactants synthesized from natural raw materials advantageously polyol derivatives, preferably fatty acid sugar esters; the preferred fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.
  • the composition contains at least one OIL SF1 or WATER SF1 and at least one SF2, with both of them being selected from among the group comprising the fatty acid sugar esters.
  • esters are solids at ambient temperature. Being naturally lipophilic compounds, they are insoluble in the aqueous phase and are therefore candidates for the role of SF2. They are also soluble in the oil droplets, but only on the condition that they undergo prior heating to their melting temperature, which can easily be determined by a person skilled in the art. For this reason, they are also candidates for the role of OIL SF1. This explains why OIL SF1 and SF2 may be the same.
  • Fatty acid sugar esters may also be used as both WATER SF1 and OIL SF1. Indeed, sucrose esters are generally soluble in water at high temperature. It concerns for example sucrose stearate which is soluble in water at around 80°C.
  • the fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.
  • the first surfactant in this case OIL SF1 or WATER SF1
  • the second surfactant SF2 contain sucrose stearate or, advantageously, a mixture containing saccharose stearate and sucrose palmitate.
  • the first surfactant (OIL SF1) and/or (WATER SF1) and/or the second surfactant (SF2) is a mixture containing:
  • the first surfactant OIL SF1 and/or WATER SF1 and/or the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95- 5]).
  • the composition contains one first surfactant OIL SF1 or WATER SF1 and one second surfactant SF2 where OIL SF1 or WATER SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearate.
  • the first surfactant OIL SF1 and/or the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS [26446-38-8],
  • the first surfactant OIL SF1 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4]) and the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS number [26446-38-8] or the first surfactant OIL SF1 is sucrose palmitate and the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose stearate.
  • the first surfactant OIL SF1 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4]) or sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS number [26446-38-8] and the second surfactant SF2 is soy lecithin CAS [8002-43-5],
  • the first surfactant (SF1) represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight
  • the second surfactant (SF2) represents between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight.
  • the first surfactant (OIL SF1) is identical to the second surfactant (SF2).
  • the first surfactant preferably represents between 3% and 7% of the composition by weight
  • the second surfactant preferably represents between 0.1% and 2.5% of the composition by weight and is advantageously sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).
  • the composition contains at least one WATER SF1, at least one OIL SF1 and at least one SF2.
  • the WATER SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters
  • the OIL SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters
  • SF2 is selected from the group of natural surfactants.
  • the WATER SF1 is polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), the OIL SF1 is sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) and SF2 is soy lecithin (CAS [8002- 43-5]).
  • the WATER SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters
  • the OIL SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters
  • SF2 is selected from the group comprising fatty acid sugar esters.
  • the WATER SF1 is Tween 20
  • the 0IL SF1 is Span 85
  • SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).
  • the WATER SF1 is Tween 80
  • the 0IL SF1 is Span 20
  • SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).
  • the at least one phytosterol is a phytosterols mixture containing free phytosterols and/or conjugated phytosterols, with the conjugated phytosterols being advantageously selected from among the group comprising phytosterol esters, phytosterol glycosides, acylated phytosterol glycosides and mixtures thereof.
  • free phytosterols in the context of the invention include p-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, cholesterol and brassicasterol, and mixtures thereof.
  • phytosterol ester in the context of the invention is that of esterified
  • phytosterol glycosides in the context of the invention include [3-sitosterol-p-D- glucoside and glucosyl stigmasterol.
  • acylated phytosterol glycosides in the context of the invention include 16:0 sitosteryl glucose, 18:1 sitosteryl glucose, 16:0 stigmasteryl glucose, and 18:1 stigmasteryl glucose.
  • the mixture of phytosterols also contains at least one precursor of the phytosterols biosynthetic pathway or at least one of its derivatives.
  • This can be, for example, a molecule selected from among the group comprising squalene, squalane, mevalonate and cycloartenol.
  • the phytosterols mixture in the context of the invention contains p-sitosterol.
  • the phytosterols mixture contains p-sitosterol, representing at least 30% of the phytosterols mixture by weight, preferably at least 35%, with the balance to 100% containing in particular, and where appropriate, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol.
  • a phytosterols mixture of the invention can be an extract of phytosterols obtained from oleaginous seeds such as soybeans, pine seeds, sunflower seeds or rapeseeds.
  • oleaginous seeds such as soybeans, pine seeds, sunflower seeds or rapeseeds.
  • Phytosterols mixture of the invention can also be an extract of phytosterols obtained from pine's wood after conversion into wood pulp.
  • the phytosterols mixture represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, advantageously between 0.5% and 7%, and preferably between 1% and 5%.
  • the composition of the invention contains:
  • a first surfactant OIL SF1
  • a second surfactant comprising saccharose stearate, advantageously a mixture containing saccharose stearate and saccharose palmitate.
  • composition of the invention contains:
  • a first surfactant (OIL SF1) that is identical to a second surfactant (SF2) which is sucrose stearate, as example CAS number [84066-95-5 or 25168-73-4],
  • the weight ratio of the mixture of phytosterols to the first surfactant (SF1) and second surfactant (SF2) is between 0.01 and 15, and advantageously between 0.1 and 5.
  • composition of the invention especially regarding the second and the third embodiment also contains at least one component selected from among the group including:
  • At least one fluidifying agent selected from among the group comprising glycerin, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight between 100, preferably between 200 and 8000 Da, advantageously between 200 and 1000 Da, preferably equal to 200 Da and more preferably equal to 400 Da; with the fluidifying agent advantageously representing between 1% and 15% of the composition by weight, and advantageously between 2% and 8%; and/or
  • solubilizing agent for phytosterols selected from among the group comprising lecithins, fatty alcohols as for example oleyl alcohol; fatty acids as for example oleic acid, linoleic acid ; glycerides, triglycerides, plant oils, advantageously soybean oil, grapeseed oil, sea buckthorn oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil or sunflower oil; with the solubilizing agent advantageously representing between 1% and 30% of the composition by weight, and advantageously between 4% and 15 %; and/or
  • wetting agent selected from among the group comprising silanes, siloxanes, triglycerides, a mixture of fatty acids, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, advantageously including methyl tetradecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate and methyl octadecanoate, or a mixture thereof with the wetting agent advantageously representing between 0.1% and 5% of the composition by weight; and/or
  • chelating agent selected from among the group comprising natural chelating agents, advantageously sodium phytate or amino acid-based chelating agents; and synthetic chelating agents, advantageously 2,2'-bipyridine, dimercaptopropanol, ethylene glycol-bis(2- aminoethyl)-/V / /V / /V' / / ⁇ /'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, salicylic acid or triethanolamine, and preferably EDTA; with the chelating agent advantageously representing between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight; and/or
  • At least one preservative advantageously selected from among the group comprising benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid and its salts, especially sodium benzoate, dehydroacetic acid and its salts, especially sodium dehydroacetate, salicylic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, especially potassium sorbate, 2-phenylethanol, phenoxyethanol, phenylpropanol, and preferably benzyl alcohol; with the preservative advantageously representing between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight.
  • the composition of the invention also contains an antioxydant agent selected from the group comprising citric acid and its salts, tartric acid and its salts, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate, lecithins, tocopherols, polyphenols, butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluol, octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, lycopen.
  • an antioxydant agent selected from the group comprising citric acid and its salts, tartric acid and its salts, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate, lecithins, tocopherols, polyphenols, butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluol, octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, lycopen.
  • composition of the invention especially the third embodiment advantageously comprises:
  • the composition by weight of at least the first and second surfactant which are preferably identical, advantageously saccharose stearate and even more advantageously saccharose stearate having CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4];
  • composition by weight of a mixture of phytosterols containing
  • a fluidifying agent advantageously polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight (Mn) between 200 and 8000 Da, advantageously between 200 and 1000 Da, and preferably equal to 400 Da; or a plant oil as mentioned previously;
  • a wetting agent advantageously fatty acid methyl esters, preferably comprising methyl tetradecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and methylhexadecanoate or a mixture thereof;
  • compositions by weight of a preservative, advantageously benzyl alcohol;
  • composition by weight of a natural or synthetic chelating agent, advantageously as described previously, and preferably EDTA; and
  • composition of the invention is to contain:
  • boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds form a single molecule chosen from the group comprising molybdenum boride or dimolybdenum monoboride or combination thereof.
  • the boron and molybdenum compounds may be present in the aqueous phase as a water-soluble salt or as an acid, in the lipophilic droplets when present as an organometallic molecule or both in aqueous phase and in the lipophilic droplets.
  • boron compound When boron compound is added to the composition of the invention, it may be added as a water-soluble salt or as an acid. When it is added as a water-soluble salt, the salt is chosen from the group comprising sodium tetraborate (borax), or any other salt which contains at least, one, two, three or four boron atoms in its chemical formula, taken alone or in combination of these.
  • borax sodium tetraborate
  • the boron compound-containing salt may be anhydrous or complexed with a plurality of water molecules.
  • the boron compound is added as an acid and is boric acid.
  • the salt is chosen from the group comprising sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, molybdenum disilicide, molybdenum(IV) disulphide, molybdenum(IV) oxide, molybdenum(VI) oxide.
  • the Mo compound-containing salt may be anhydrous or complexed with a plurality of water molecules.
  • the Mo salt is sodium molybdate dihydrate.
  • Mo compound is added as a water salt and Bo is added as an acid, advantageously boric acid and sodium molybdate dihydrate.
  • boron compound When boron compound is added to the composition of the invention as a boron compoundcontaining organometallic molecule, it is chosen from the group comprising alkyl boronic acids (methylboronic acid, ethylboronic acid, propylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid), trimethylboroxine, trimethoxyboroxine, borate compounds (trimethylborate, triethylborate, tripropylborate, triphenylborate and other di- or tri-alkylsubstituted borate compounds), borane compounds (trimethylborane, triethylborane, tripropylborane, triphenylborane and other di- or tri-alkylsubstituted borane compounds), pinacol ester of boronic acids (phenylboronic pinacol ester, benzylboronic pinacol ester, bis(pinacolato)diboron and alkylsubstituted pinacol esters
  • molybdenum compound When molybdenum compound is added to the composition of the invention as an organometallic molecule, it is chosen from the group comprising dimolybdenum tetraacetate, molybdenum stearate and other carboxylic acids of molybdenum wherein the carboxylate ligand is between 2 and 18 carbons.
  • boron and molybdenum compounds are present in the aqueous phase.
  • the invention concerns a multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspo-emulsion as disclosed above, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols comprising p-sitosterol, which represents at least 30% of the phytosterols mixture by weight, with the balance to 100% containing, where appropriate, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition further comprising: at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and of the aqueous phase, said SF1 being soluble in the lipophilic droplets (OIL SF1); and at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase, wherein SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearate, and between 0.01 - 2 wt%, preferably 0.5 - 1.8 wt%,
  • the mixture of phytosterols represents preferably between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, advantageously between 0.5% and 7%, and preferably between 1% and 5%.
  • the first surfactant represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight
  • the second surfactant represents between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight
  • the boron compound is boric acid and the molybdenum is sodium molybdate dihydrate, and are preferably present in the aqueous phase.
  • the composition further comprises at least one active ingredient selected from the group comprising: phytopharmaceutical product such as a plant growth regulator, a fungicide, a fungistatic agent, a bactericide, a bacteriostatic agent, an insecticide, an acaricide, a parasiticide, a nematicide, a talpicide or a herbicide; a biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms that enables plants to combat fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition with weeds.
  • phytopharmaceutical product such as a plant growth regulator, a fungicide, a fungistatic agent, a bactericide, a bacteriostatic agent, an insecticide, an acaricide, a parasiticide, a nematicide, a talpicide or a herbicide
  • a biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms that enables plants to combat fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition with weeds.
  • the invention relates to a slurry resulting from the dilution of the compositions as previously described.
  • Another option is to dilute the composition not containing the boron and molybdenum compounds with water containing boron and molybdenum compounds in order to obtain the slurry. In that case, concentration of boron and molybdenum is adapted in consequences.
  • the term "slurry” therefore refers to the compositions of the invention diluted in water or in a solution containing water and one or more active ingredients.
  • the product which is applied on the plant in the fields is the slurry.
  • the viscosity of the slurry of the invention is less than or equal to 200 cP, advantageously equal to or strictly higher than lcP, and less than or equal to 100 cP.
  • the viscosity is measured using an Anton Paar QC300 viscometer, and the measurement is made at ambient temperature with the DG26 measurement system.
  • the pH of the slurry of the invention is between 5 and 8, preferably between 5 and 7, and is even more advantageously between 6 and 7.
  • the Applicant hypothesizes that diluting the composition as a slurry enables the solubilization of the solid component of the second surfactant that is still in suspension in the aqueous phase, or an increase in the quantity of the second surfactant that is present in solubilized form, thereby ensuring a more effective slurry, and therefore a more effective composition of the invention.
  • the mixture of phytosterols, the surfactant(s), boron and molybdenum compounds of the invention are combined with at least one active ingredient.
  • active ingredient refers to a product that allows the plant to combat preferably abiotic and/or biotic stresses, advantageously selected from the group comprising:
  • a phytopharmaceutical product such as a plant growth regulator, a fungicide, a fungistatic agent, a bactericide, a bacteriostatic agent, an insecticide, an acaricide, a parasiticide, a nematicide, a talpicide or an herbicide;
  • biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms that enables plants to combat fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition with weeds;
  • an additional nutrient, organic or inorganic such as a micronutrient or a fertilizer.
  • bactericide refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of bacteria.
  • insecticide as well as the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” comprises all organisms in the class "Insecta”.
  • nematicide and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes.
  • nematode comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
  • acaricide and "acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
  • Plant growth regulator may be selected from the group consisting of: - Antiauxins: clofibric acid, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid; - Auxins: 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA, naphthaleneacetamide, a-naphthaleneacetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T;
  • Cytokinins 2iP, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 2,6-dimethylpyridine, kinetin, zeatin;
  • Defoliants calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, merphos, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribufos, tributyl phosphorotrithioate;
  • - Ethylene modulators aviglycine, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), prohexadione
  • trinexapac trinexapac-ethyl
  • Ethylene releasers ACC, et messagingl, ethephon, glyoxime; Gibberellins: gibbe rel line, gibberellic acid;
  • abscisic acid ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorpropham, dikegulac, flumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate), piproctanyl, prohydrojasmon, propham, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid;
  • chlormequat chlormequat chloride
  • daminozide flurprimidol
  • mefluidide paclobutrazol
  • tetcyclacis uniconazole
  • metconazole chlormequat chloride
  • Unclassified plant growth regulators/classification unknown amidochlor, benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cloxyfonac, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fenridazon, fluprimidol, fluthiacet, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, methasulfocarb, pydanon, sintofen, triapenthenol
  • Fungicides and fungistatics may be selected among the group:
  • Inhibitors of complex III at Qo site like for example azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxystrobin/flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyrao-xystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb/chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone;
  • inhibitors of complex II flutolanil, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide,
  • respiration inhibitors e.g. complex I, uncouplers: diflumetorim;
  • - nitrophenyl derivates binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam; ferimzone; organometal compounds: fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; ametoctradin; and silthiofam;
  • DMI fungicides triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, - imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizol;
  • Phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiral-axyl, metalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl; others: hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine,
  • - tubulin inhibitors benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl; triazolopyrimidines,
  • - cell division inhibitors diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone;
  • - methionine synthesis inhibitors anilino-pyrimidines: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin, polyoxine, validamycin A;
  • MAP/histidine kinase inhibitors fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil;
  • G protein inhibitors quinoxyfen;
  • Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane; lipid peroxidation: dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole; phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandipropamid, pyrimorph, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate and
  • Inorganic active substances Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram;organochlorine compounds (e.g.
  • Inhibitors of glucan synthesis validamycin, polyoxin B; melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, dicyclomet, fenoxanil;
  • Insecticidal compounds may be selected from the group consisting of:
  • Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors from the class of carbamates aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, and triazamate;
  • Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors from the class of organophosphates acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarb
  • -Cyclodiene organochlorine compounds endosulfan; or M-2.B fiproles (phenylpyrazoles): ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, or pyriprole;
  • Sodium channel modulators from the class of pyrethroids acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, betacyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta- cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, momfluorothrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropath
  • Nicotinic acteylcholine receptor agonists from the class of neonicotinoids: acteamiprid, chlothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, sulfoxaflor, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam;
  • Chloride channel activators from the class of mectins: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;
  • -Juvenile hormone mimics hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen;
  • Non-specific multi-site inhibitors methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax or tartar emetic;
  • - Mite growth inhibitors clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin or etoxazole;
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase diafenthiuron, azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, or tetradifon;
  • - Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation chlorfenapyr, DNOC, or sulfluramid;
  • M-13 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap sodium;
  • Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0 bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron;
  • Ecdyson receptor agonists methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide;
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, flometoquin, fluacrypyrim or pyriminostrobin;
  • Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, or rotenone;
  • Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat;
  • biocontrol product is defined as agents or products that use natural mechanisms. They form a set of tools that can be used, alone or in combination with other plant protection methods, to combat crop enemies in integrated pest management. There are four main types of biocontrol agents:
  • Auxiliary macro-organisms to fight aggressors: invertebrates, insects, mites or nematodes used in an integrated approach to protect crops from bio-aggressors.
  • Micro-organisms to control aggressors: fungi, bacteria and viruses used to protect crops from pests and diseases, or boost plant vitality.
  • Natural substances these substances obtained from plant, microbial, animal or mineral sources are found in the natural environment and used as biocontrol products.
  • the traditional treatment of cultivated plants consists in applying active ingredients (a phytopharmaceutical product and/or a biocontrol product and/or a nutrient) to the cultivated plant in particular, where they provide an effect by the sole means of an interaction with the surface of the plant. Given the protective role played by the cuticle, they undergo little or no penetration into the plant by means of passive diffusion.
  • active ingredients a phytopharmaceutical product and/or a biocontrol product and/or a nutrient
  • the Applicant has noted that when the combination of phytosterols, surfactants, boron and molybdenum compounds of the invention is combined with at least one active ingredient, this facilitates the diffusion and passive penetration of the active ingredient into the plant cell by means of the cuticle and plant cell membrane passage mechanisms which were described previously.
  • the composition or the slurry described in the invention therefore allows the presence of a higher concentration or quantity of active ingredient in the plant. On condition that the composition or slurry is applied preferably prior to the onset of the stress, a systemic action of the active ingredient in the plant is observed, leading in turn to an enhanced fight against biotic stresses.
  • the composition or slurry makes it possible to decrease the doses of active ingredients used while guaranteeing the improved effectiveness of these active ingredients.
  • the invention relates to the composition above disclosed, said composition containing at least one active ingredient as above mentioned.
  • Another object of the invention is also an agricultural kit containing separately the composition of the invention (before dilution) and at least one active ingredient as described above.
  • composition of the invention may be mixed by the farmer with an effective amount of the active ingredient and then diluted in order to obtain a slurry which is applied on the plant.
  • Another option is to dilute the composition of the invention in order to obtain the slurry and only then, to add to the slurry the at least one active ingredient.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacture for the previously described multiphase composition that is composed of the following steps: a) preparation of the lipophilic phase comprising heating the mixture of phytosterols; b) simultaneously with step a) or before step a), preparation of the aqueous phase comprising heating said aqueous phase; c) simultaneously, addition of the first surfactant OIL SF1 to the lipophilic phase of step a) and/or addition of the first surfactant WATER SF1 to the aqueous phase b); d) mixing and stirring of the lipophilic phase with of the aqueous phase until an emulsion is obtained; e) cooling of the emulsion; f) addition of the second surfactant (SF2) to the emulsion thus obtained under stirring, preferably at ambient temperature of between 20 °C and 25 °C, until a homogeneous suspension of the solid particles in the aqueous phase is obtained.
  • a) preparation of the lipophilic phase comprising heating the mixture of phyto
  • the method also comprises the step of adding boron and molybdenum in the aqueous phase and/or in the lipophilic phase before the emulsion is formed and/or directly in the emulsion after the emulsion is formed.
  • boron and molybdenum compounds (acid, water soluble salt or organometallic molecule)
  • it is added either in the lipophilic phase, or in the water phase, or in both the lipophilic phase and the water phase before the emulsion is formed and/or directly in the emulsion after the emulsion is formed.
  • the composition contains boron and molybdenum compounds present as acid, water soluble salt(s), said nutrient(s) is added either in the aqueous phase (practically step b) above), before the emulsion is formed, or directly in the emulsion after the emulsion is formed (practically from the end of step d) to the end of step f)).
  • composition contains boron and molybdenum compounds present as an organometallic molecule(s), said boron and molybdenum compounds are added in the lipophilic phase (practically step a) above).
  • boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds are added in the aqueous phase, between step b) and c) as described above.
  • boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds are added directly in the emulsion after the emulsion is formed (practically from the end of step d) to the end of step f)).
  • a fluidifying agent, a solubilizing agent, and advantageously a wetting agent are added to the lipophilic phase and, where necessary, a chelating agent, a preservative, and/or and antioxidant are added to the aqueous phase.
  • wetting agent may be used in the water phase and antioxidant may be added in the oil phase.
  • the first surfactant in this case OIL SF1
  • the second surfactant SF2
  • the surfactant that is present at the interface of the oil droplets and the aqueous phase of the dispersion is identical to the surfactant that is present in the aqueous phase in the form of solid particles.
  • the fluidifying agent is polyethylene glycol, and advantageously polyethylene glycol with a molar mass of 200 or 400 g/mol.
  • the wetting agent is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, preferably comprising methyl tetradecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and methylhexadecanoate.
  • - preparation of the lipophilic phase is conducted at a high-temperature, preferably in a range between about 70°C to about 140°C, preferably between about 90°C to about 120°C, more preferably about 110°C;
  • - preparation of the aqueous phase is conducted at a high-temperature, preferably in a range between about 50°C to about 90°C, preferably between about 70°C to about 90°C, more preferably about 80°C;
  • - stirring is conducted until an emulsion of lipophilic droplets is obtained, preferably at least 90% of said lipophilic droplets having a diameter comprised between 0.01 and 70 pm, preferably between 0.1 and 50 pm, most preferably between 0.1 and 20 pm with a peak maximum less than 10 pm, advantageously between 0.5to 7 pm, preferably between 2 and 6 pm as determined by laser diffraction, - cooling of the emulsion is conducted until temperature of between 20°C and 30°C, preferably between 20°C and 25°C is reached,
  • the second surfactant (SF2) is conducted until a homogeneous suspension of the solid particles in the aqueous phase is obtained, preferably at least 90% of the particles have a diameter comprised between 1 and 1000 pm, advantageously between 10 and 250 pm with a peak maximum preferably of between 10 pm and 100 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
  • the invention also relates to a composition obtainable by the above-mentioned process.
  • the invention relates to the use of the composition or slurry described previously in order to prevent the exposure of a cultivated plant to a biotic and/or abiotic stress.
  • the invention thus also relates to a preventive treatment process for a cultivated plant that aims to limit the loss of dry matter related to an abiotic and/or biotic stress; it consists in applying to the plant, prior to the onset of said abiotic and/or biotic stress, the composition or the slurry previously described.
  • the plant is cultivated in fields or under controlled conditions, for example using hydroponics, in a pot or in a greenhouse; preferably, in the context of the invention, the plant is cultivated in a field.
  • abiotic stress is responsible for a decrease in yield or in production of dry matter and results from drought (a lack of water, or water stress), extreme temperatures (thermal stress), excess water (flooding), frost, wind, soil salinity (salt stress), ultraviolet radiation, insufficient access to certain nutrients, soil with stress-inducing characteristics (chemical composition, redox potential, etc.) or physical damage, and advantageously drought and/or extreme temperatures.
  • abiotic stress corresponds to water stress. In another embodiment, abiotic stress corresponds to thermal stress.
  • water stress refers to a state in which the water content of the cultivated plant is lower than the wilting point.
  • the phrase "prior to the onset of abiotic stress," particularly with regard to water stress, refers to the period during which the useful soil water reserve is properly filled, i.e., the time elapsed from the moment when the useful soil water reserve is sufficiently or completely full (field capacity) to the moment when the wilting point is reached.
  • thermal stress or extreme temperatures
  • the Applicant has noted that the composition or slurry of the invention, when applied preventively to the cultivated plant, i.e., prior to the occurrence of abiotic stress, induces a closure of the stomata and therefore a decrease in evapotranspiration. Consequently, the plant's water consumption is reduced without causing a decrease in yield, i.e., in the production of dry matter.
  • the invention also relates to a process for reducing the consumption of water by a cultivated plant under conditions of water stress that consists in applying to said plant, prior to the onset of water stress, the composition or slurry previously described.
  • composition was especially efficient for this specific effect on plants chosen from the group of soybean, corn, sunflower.
  • the biological mechanisms brought into play by the composition or slurry of the invention especially at particularly low levels of phytosterols and therefore of p-sitosterol, lead to a stimulation of the vigor of the plant that provides the plant with improved resistance to water stress:
  • stimulation of the vigor of the plant refers for example to a stimulation of various metabolic pathways of the plant that improve the plant's resistance to water stress.
  • the biological mechanisms described above lead to an improvement in the overall vigor of the plant and more generally the health of the plant.
  • health of a plant or “plant health” is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other such as increased yield, plant vigor, quality of harvested plant parts and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
  • the invention relates to a preventive treatment process for a cultivated plant that aims to limit the loss of dry matter related to salt stress; it consists in applying to the plant the composition or slurry previously described.
  • this can be caused by the harmful action of a plant pathogen living on the cultivated plants, whether a fungal infection and/or a bacterial infection and/or a viral infection and/or a pest attack and/or competition with weeds.
  • a fungal infection of the plant can be mildew on grapes, tomatoes or potatoes, septoria on wheat, rynchospora on barley, or powdery mildew on straw cereals and grapes;
  • a bacterial infection of the plant can be crown gall, bacterial canker or fire flight;
  • a viral infection of the plant can be mosaic diseases or yellow dwarf viruses; pests capable of attacking a cultivated plant include aphids, flea beetles or weevils.
  • composition or slurry of the invention helps to reduce the intensity of a fungal disease, advantageously without affecting its frequency.
  • the phrase "prior to the onset of biotic stress," in particular with regard to a fungal infection, refers to the period before the first symptoms appear, for example before the first spots appear on the leaves and/or stems of the cultivated plant.
  • the phrase "intensity of the fungal disease” refers to the average intensity of the disease on all of the leaves of the cultivated plant.
  • the intensity of the disease on one leaf is the surface area of the leaf that is covered by the disease.
  • frequency of the fungal disease refers to the number of leaves on which the disease or spots can be observed.
  • composition or slurry of the invention when applied to the plant prior to the onset of an infection, particularly a fungal infection, leads to a decrease in the surface area of the spotting or discoloration of the leaf compared to a plant that has not received the preventive treatment of the invention.
  • composition or slurry of the invention improves the growth and development of the plant, and particularly that of the young seedling when the slurry is applied prior to the onset of the stress. In particular, these improvements are even more advantageous when the slurry is applied via seed imbibition.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a process for stimulating the growth and development of the young seedlings that consists in applying the composition or slurry previously described prior to the onset of an abiotic and/or biotic stress, preferably via seed imbibition.
  • the process of the invention therefore limits the period of time during which the young seedling is exposed to abiotic and/or biotic stresses.
  • the effect of the product applied via seed imbibition lasts over time, since the plants treated with the composition or slurry of the invention are more tolerant to an abiotic and/or biotic stress.
  • the young seedling is more fragile than the adult plant with respect to abiotic and/or biotic stresses.
  • a young seedling that has been treated with the composition or slurry 1 of the invention reaches a state of complete maturity (the adult plant stage) more quickly than a seedling that has not received this treatment.
  • the Applicant has noted that the first and second surfactants of the invention modify the state of the cuticle, making it permeable, i.e., they allow the mixture of phytosterols to penetrate inward to reach the internal components of the leaf or the plant, for example the plant cells.
  • the surfactants of the invention facilitate the crossing of the seed coat barrier and even the rupturing of the seed coats, and therefore accelerate germination.
  • the exogenous contribution of the mixture of phytosterols, particularly p-sitosterol helps stimulate the growth and development of the seedling.
  • the composition or slurry of the invention thus allows for an effective exogenous supply of phytosterols, notably p-sitosterol, possibly combined with one or several active ingredients, through the combination of a suitable composition and a system enabling the delivery of the phytosterols in the form of particles of a specific size, as mentioned previously.
  • the phrase "delivery of the phytosterols” refers to the transport of the phytosterols, which are hydrophobic, by means of the aqueous phase.
  • the second surfactant which is present in the form of solid particles in suspension in the aqueous phase of the composition of the invention, helps solubilize the epicuticular waxes and provides facilitated pathways through the cuticle for the constituent compounds of said composition.
  • the compounds of the invention are not products that perform a specific type of activity, such as fungicides or biocides, makes it possible to consider an extensive spectrum of uses for a wide variety of crops, which can in particular improve the protection and therefore the profitability of minor crops for which the number of available phytopharmaceutical products is almost zero.
  • composition or slurry of the invention is applied by spraying the leaves, by sprinkling, irrigation, seed imbibition, seed coating, drip irrigation or gravity irrigation of the cultivated plant, by incorporation into the soil, by addition to a hydroponic crop medium or by immersion.
  • foliar spraying refers to a pressurized projection of slurry that forms a large number of microdroplets that cover the upper and/or lower surfaces of the leaf;
  • irrigation refers to the addition of a supply of water to the soil solution that is taken up by the root system of the plant;
  • seed imbibition refers to an immersion of the seed in a solution containing the composition.
  • the composition is applied to the cultivated plant by foliar spraying at a dose of composition of 0.1 L/ha (hectare) to 15 L/ha, preferably 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha.
  • the required dose of the composition is diluted in water in order to obtain a slurry.
  • the slurry is then applied on the plant at a volume of between 30 and 400 L/ha, advantageously between 50 and 200 L/ha.
  • the composition contains 2.5% by weight of phytosterols and the required dose of composition ranges from 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha. This means that the dose of phytosterols which is applied on the plant is between 25 to 125 g/ha.
  • the composition of the invention may not be applied directly on the plant and needs to be diluted to form a slurry. In the present embodiment, the slurry is applied on the plant, especially by foliar spraying at a volume of 50 to 200 L/ha.
  • the slurry is preferably applied during a stage when the plant leaves cover the soil.
  • the slurry of the invention is applied only one time by foliar spraying and/or irrigation and/or seed imbibition.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously: to increase the tolerance of a cultivated plant to an abiotic stress and/or; to decrease the intensity of a biotic stress affecting a cultivated plant.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously as a biostimulant for a cultivated plant.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to improve the yield or dry matter production of a cultivated plant.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to promote deeper root development for a cultivated plant.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to control the opening or closing of the stomata of a cultivated plant.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to improve the vegetative development and/or the flowering of a cultivated plant.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a composition comprising a mixture of phytosterols and of surfactants, notably polyols, and in particular of the composition or slurry as described previously, to strengthen the stem of the crop plant and improve its tolerance to physiological lodging, the adverse effects of lodging, which can include lower seed filling, loss of quality, yield loss and harvesting difficulties.
  • a composition comprising a mixture of phytosterols and of surfactants, notably polyols, and in particular of the composition or slurry as described previously, to strengthen the stem of the crop plant and improve its tolerance to physiological lodging, the adverse effects of lodging, which can include lower seed filling, loss of quality, yield loss and harvesting difficulties.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to improve the effectiveness of phytopharmaceutical fungicide or biocontrol products.
  • the cultivated plant is a chlorophyllian plant, advantageously selected from among the group comprising field crops of cereals, oilseeds and protein crops; grapes; plants with roots and tubers; horticultural plants; grass; vegetables; herbs and spices; tree crops; or industrial crops intended for the production of raw material for processing.
  • the cultivated plant is selected from among the group comprising soybeans, corn, barley, millet, moha, miscanthus, panicum, sorghum, peanuts, wheat, rapeseed, sunflower, protein peas, field peas, field beans, lupins, flax, truncated alfalfa, grapes, beets, potatoes, beans, lettuce, parsley and radishes.
  • compositions, the slurry, the method of manufacture of the composition of the invention, the treatment process for preventing an abiotic and/or biotic stress, as well as the uses previously described, present the advantages of corresponding exactly to societal demands relating to phytopharmaceutical products:
  • Figure 1 particle size distribution of the composition of the invention
  • Figure 2 microscope photograph of the composition of the invention
  • Any percentage by weight of an compound or a molecule of the invention refers to the total weight of the said invention, which means relative to the sum of all ingredients giving a hundred. This percentage by weight can by symbolized as wt%.
  • step (iii) Mixing the lipophilic phase of step (i) with the hydrophilic phase of step (ii) and stirring until at least 90% of the volume of lipophilic droplets with a diameter comprised between 0.1 and 20 pm are obtained, with a maximum peak between 2 and 6 pm as determined by laser diffraction,
  • At least 90% of lipophilic droplets dispersed in the aqueous phase have a diameter comprised between 0.1 and 20 pm, with a peak maximum between 2 and 6 pm, as determined by laser diffraction, at least 90% the second surfactant (SF2) is in the form of particles that have diameter comprised between 10 and 250 pm with a peak maximum preferably of between 10 pm and 100 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
  • SF2 second surfactant
  • particles of the second surfactant (SF2) designated by 1 are much bigger than lipophilic droplets designated by 2.
  • composition according to the invention comprising boric acid and sodium molybdate as nutrient.
  • compositions (examples 10 -16) are given in Table 2:
  • the suspo-emulsion of advantage 16 is prepared according to the following process:
  • the objective is to evaluate soybean yield in field trials with plantations carried out with seeds subjected to hydric stress and treated with foliar application of the compositions of example 1 and 10 at different stages. 3.1. Equipment and methods

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Abstract

1. Agricultural composition, comprising (i) an effective amount of at least one phytosterol; and (ii) at least one surfactant (SF1); and (iii) 0.01 – 2 wt% of at least boron compound (v) 0.002 – 1 wt% of at least a molybdenum compound

Description

PHYTOSTEROL-BASED AGRICULTURAL COMPOSITION AND THEIR USE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture and, in particular, to cultivated plants, notably field-grown plants, and to the prevention of adverse effects linked to exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stresses in said cultivated plants, including the loss of dry matter. Hence, the invention involves a phytosterol-based composition, its method of manufacture, a slurry comprising the said diluted composition, and its uses, particularly in a preventive treatment process targeting the onset of deleterious effects induced by exposure to an abiotic and/or biotic stress.
STATE OF THE ART
Plants, i.e., crop plants and especially ornamental plants, are subjected to various forms of stress. In particular, plants are constantly exposed to their environment and cannot escape abiotic stress factors (drought, cold, frost, salinity, etc.). At the same time, they are also exposed to biotic stress factors, i.e., stresses resulting from the harmful action of a living or bioaggressive organism (viruses, fungi, bacteria, insects, pests, etc.) and more generally of a plant pathogen.
For the purpose of the invention, "abiotic stress" refers to a non-living stimulus on living vegetal organisms, for instance a climate hazard on a crop.
For the purpose of the invention, "plant pathogen" refers to a pathogen capable of infecting and/or invading a plant part and causing disease therein.
In general, these abiotic and biotic stresses cause morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants, resulting in a decrease in the per-hectare crop yield, i.e., a decrease in the production or the quality of dry matter.
In other words, a cultivated plant, for example a field-grown plant, is subjected to these various forms of stress, which, among other effects, will provoke a decrease in the production of dry matter by the plant compared to a plant cultivated underoptimal conditions (controlled conditions with regard to water supply, daylight/nighttime period, absence of exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stresses, etc.).
To combat abiotic stress, especially water stress (or drought), farmers have adapted by simplifying their crop rotations and giving precedence to winter crops. The first consequence of this simplification is not only an increased risk that plants growing wild (weeds) and pests will develop resistance to phytopharmaceutical products, but also an increased risk of water pollution due to large applications of products at the same time of the year. The second consequence is the disproportionate cultivation of starch-producing plants (notably straw cereals) compared to protein-producing plants (legumes). In addition, to combat drought, farmers resort to extensive crop irrigation, which leads to environmental and economic problems.
Concerning the fight against biotic stresses, farmers use chemical or biocontrol products that rely on natural mechanisms. The use of chemicals in agriculture is controversial, however, given their potential toxicity for human health and for the environment. It is therefore necessary to minimize, as much as possible, the amount of these products that is used, while optimizing their effects.
To combat these different types of stress, curative treatments have been proposed that consist in applying to the plants a mixture of surfactants, such as sucrose stearate and |3- sitosterol, following exposure to a biotic or abiotic stress. This is the case, for example, of document W02019/030442 Al of the Applicant, which describes the application of a composition containing 80% sucrose stearate by weight and 20% p-sitosterol by weight, diluted to 3% in water.
Similarly, document WO 2018/229710 describes a composition for stimulating plant growth, where applicable in the presence of a stress factor, this composition being in the form of a concentrated suspension comprising a mixture of phytosterols in an amount greater than 25% of the suspension by weight. The objective is to increase the concentration of phytosterols to allow application in smaller quantities. In practice, the amount of composition applied is 400 g/ha. The composition furthermore contains a wetting agent and/or a surfactant, present in respective amounts of between 1% and 5%. The suspension is obtained by grinding the different constituents until the particle size becomes smaller than 10 pm. This document shows that the composition exhibits better biostimulant effects compared to the same unground composition. One of the drawbacks of this composition resides in its cost, which is linked to the large amount of phytosterols it contains, the price of phytosterols being particularly high.
The problem that the invention purports to solve is therefore that of developing an alternative phytosterol-based composition that can be applied in the lowest possible quantities while exhibiting high effectiveness with regard to abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting in only a small loss of dry matter.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The Applicant has thus perfected the surfactant- and phytosterol-based compositions as - for example - described in documents W02019/030442 and WO 2018/229710 by adding boron and molybdenum compounds in the composition.
The applicant has observed that when the slurry of the invention is applied to a plant, in water stress conditions, especially soybean, the yield is improved compared to a composition not containing boron and molybdenum compounds. This evidence shows that under identical growth conditions, a plant that has been treated with the slurry of the invention optimizes its consumption of soil water in order to increase its grain production and limit its desiccation.
It was also observed that the composition of the invention, when applied to the crop plant as a preventive care, i.e., prior to the onset of a stress, enabled a further reduction in the harmful effects of abiotic and/or biotic stresses, notably the loss of dry matter and the resulting decrease in per-hectare yields.
Therefore, the invention is directed to an agricultural composition, comprising
(i) an effective amount of at least one phytosterol; and
(ii) at least one surfactant (SF1); and
(iii) between 0.01 - 2 wt%, preferably 0.5 - 1.8 wt%, preferably about 1.5 wt% of at least a boron compound, and
(v) between 0.002 - 1 wt%, preferably 0.003 - 0.5 wt%, preferably about 0.25 wt% of at least a molybdenum compound.
In the context of the invention, the expression "boron compound" and "molybdenum compound" cover all chemical compounds that present themselves into the form of a chemical element, a molecule (organic, inorganic or organometallic), a covalent compound or a salt.
According to a first embodiment, the composition of the invention has the form of an aqueous solution comprising:
-80 to 98 wt% of water
-2 to 20 wt% of a composition containing at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1).
Advantageously, the composition of the invention has the form of an aqueous solution comprising:
- 85 to 95 wt% of water
- 5 to 15 wt% of a composition containing at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1).
Even more advantageously, the composition of the invention has the form of an aqueous solution comprising:
-90 to 94 wt% of water
-6 to 10 wt% of a composition containing at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1).
Practically, the aqueous solution is obtained according to the following process:
The at least one phytosterol and the at least one surfactant are grinded to reach particle size distribution (Dv90) with values less than 500 pm, advantageously less than 200 pm, preferably less than 100 pm, in particular less than 50 pm, even better if less than 10 pm. Advantageously, the size of the particles is between 0.1 and 10 pm.
The at least one phytosterol and the at least one surfactant are then dispersed in water (or diluted in water in the case of a surfactant which is soluble in water) and the composition is stirred until a homogenous composition is reached
According to a second embodiment, the agricultural composition of the invention has a form of an oil in water emulsion (O/W) comprising: an aqueous phase representing between 80 and 98 wt%, advantageously between 85 to 95 wt%, preferably between 90 to 94 wt% of the composition, an oily phase representing 2 and 20 wt%, advantageously between 5 to 15 wt%, preferably between 6 to 10 wt% of the composition, said oily phase comprising the at least one phytosterol and the at least one surfactant (SF1).
The emulsion includes particles constituting the oil phase and comprising the phytosterol mixture. The size of these particles (Dv90) are less than 500 pm, advantageously less than 200 pm, preferably less than 100 pm, in particular less than 50 pm, even better if less than 10 pm. Advantageously, the size of the particles is between 0.1 and 10 pm.
The term "size" refers to the largest dimension of the particles, namely, the mean diameter by volume, determined by laser diffraction.
Practically, the oil in water emulsion (O/W) is obtained according to the following process:
- preparation of the lipophilic phase is conducted at a high-temperature, preferably in a range between about 70°C to about 140°C, preferably between about 90°C to about 120°C, more preferably about 110°C;
- preparation of the aqueous phase is conducted at a high-temperature, preferably in a range between about 50°C to about 90°C, preferably between about 70°C to about 90°C, more preferably about 80°C;
- stirring is conducted until an emulsion of lipophilic droplets is obtained, preferably at least 90% of said lipophilic droplets having a diameter comprised between 0.01 and 70 pm, preferably between 0.1 and 50 pm, most preferably between 0.1 and 20 pm with a peak maximum less than 10 pm, advantageously between 0.5 to 7 pm, preferably between 2 and 6 pm as determined by laser diffraction,
- cooling of the emulsion is conducted until temperature of between 20°C and 30°C, preferably between 20°C and 25°C is reached.
In both embodiments (aqueous solution and emulsion (O/W)), the mass ratio of the phytosterol/surfactant mixture in composition containing at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1) is practically between 0.01 and 5, advantageously between 0.1 and 2.5, preferably between 0.2 and 1.
Practically, the at least one phytosterol represents between 1% and 5%, preferably between 2 and 2.5 wt% of the agricultural composition. In a specific embodiment, the composition consists of at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1).
In practice, SF1 is selected according from among the group comprising:
- anionic surfactants, advantageously anionic surfactants whose polar head group is a carboxylate, a sulfonate or a sulfated alcohol;
- cationic surfactants, advantageously cationic surfactants whose polar head group is an amine, a quaternary amine or a quaternary ammonium ester;
- amphoteric surfactants, advantageously betaine derivatives or phospholipids;
- neutral surfactants, advantageously ethoxylates, alkanolamines, alkylglucamides, polyol esters, alkyl monoglucosides or alkyl polyglucosides, or polyol ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (especially Tween 20, Tween 21, Tween 22, Tween 23, Tween 24, Tween 28, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 61, Tween 65, Tween 80), or sorbitan esters (especially Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, Span 80, Span 83, Span 85, Span 120);
- natural surfactants, advantageously lecithins, preferably soya lecithin or other lecithins, or surfactants derived from amino acids; and - surfactants synthesized from natural raw materials, advantageously polyol derivatives, preferably fatty acid sugar esters; the preferred fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.
In the rest of the description and claims the terms "sucrose stearate" and "saccharose stearate" are used indifferently. As well, "sucrose palmitate" and "saccharose palmitate" are used indifferently.
In the description and in the claims, the expression "saccharose stearate" designates pure saccharose stearate or a mixture of saccharose esters of fatty acids containing mostly saccharose stearate. Exemple of pure saccharose stearate corresponds to CAS number [136152-91-5], Exemple of a mixture of saccharose ester of fatty acids containing mostly saccharose stearate corresponds for exemple to CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5],
In the description and in the claims, the expression "saccharose palmitate" designates pure saccharose palmitate or a mixture of saccharose esters of fatty acids containing mostly saccharose palmitate. Exemple of pure saccharose palmitate corresponds to CAS number [110539-62-3], Exemple of a mixture of saccharose ester of fatty acids containing mostly saccharose palmitate corresponds to CAS number [26446-38-8],
According to a specific embodiment, the SF1 is a mixture containing:
- between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 70% saccharose stearate with a monoester content ranging between 20% and 80% by weight of saccharose stearate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters; and
- between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 30% saccharose palmitate with a monoester content ranging between 20% and 80% by weight of saccharose palmitate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters. According to a specific embodiment, SF1 is sucrose stearate.
According to a third embodiment, the agricultural composition of the invention has a form of an oil in water emulsion (O/W) which aqueous phase contains a surfactant that is in particulate form, with this composition also being referred to below as a multiphase composition.
Consequently, the invention also relates to a multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspo-emulsion, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition u further comprising: at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and of the aqueous phase and selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (WATER SF1) and the SFs that are soluble in the lipophilic droplets (OIL SF1); and at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase.
The Applicant has made the assumption that the surfactant plays a particular role in the wetting properties of the composition and in the penetration of the composition through the cuticle, notably through a solubilization of the epicuticular waxes (the waxes situated on the outermost part of the surface of the cuticle) and of some or all of the waxes present on the inside of the cutin layer, thereby creating access pathways for aqueous-based materials.
The epicuticular waxes appear to form "crystals" on the surface of the leaf that would account for the creation of angles preventing the drops from spreading appropriately.
Thus, the surfactant would therefore allow the solubilization of these waxes and would reduce, even eliminate, the presence of these angles. At the same time, the surfactant would ensure a loosening of the bonds between the constituent molecules of the cutin, thereby facilitating the penetration of the mixture of phytosterols, molybdenum and boron compounds into the cellular membrane of the plant.
In the description, lipophilic droplets are also named oil droplets.
The composition is deemed to be "multiphase" in that it comprises two distinct oil and water phases, but it cannot be described as a suspension or as an emulsion, given that the aqueous phase also contains a third phase made of solid particles. It could therefore be described as a suspo-emulsion.
According to a first characteristic of the third embodiment of the composition of the invention, at least one first surfactant (SF1) is located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and of the aqueous phase and selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (WATER SF1) and the SFs that are soluble in the lipophilic droplets (OIL SF1). Generally, WATER SF1 and 0IL SF1 differ from each other by the proportion of their hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. Practically, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of WATER SF1 is higher than the one of OIL SF1. In contrast, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of OIL SF1 is higher than the one of WATER SF1. In specific embodiments, WATER SF1 and OIL SF1 are identical.
According to the second characteristic of the third embodiment of the composition of the invention, at least one second surfactant (SF2) is suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase.
In the context of the invention, the expression "insoluble in the aqueous phase" refers to a compound which presents the inability to form with water a homogenous solution at the microscopic or the macroscopic level, at a given temperature and atmospheric pressure.
By contrast, the word "solubility" refers to a compound which leads to a homogenous solution without remaining insoluble particles when it is added to a liquid, at a given temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Advantageously, the first surfactant (WATER SF1) is soluble in water heated at 80 °C at a concentration of at least 2 g/L.
Advantageously, the first surfactant (OIL SF1) is soluble in the oil phase heated at 110 °C at a concentration of at least 2 g/L.
Advantageously, the limit of solubility in the water of the second surfactant (SF2) observed practically at 25 °C is less than 10 mg/L, preferably less than 5 mg/L, more preferably, less than 2 mg/L.
The Applicant has noted that the phytosterols composition containing boron and molybdenum compounds formulated this manner and applied to the crop plant in an effective amount as a preventive measure, i.e., prior to the onset of the stress, enabled a reduction in the harmful effects of abiotic and/or biotic stresses, notably the loss of dry matter and the resulting decrease in per-hectare yields.
An "effective amount", as used herein, is an amount sufficient to affect beneficial or desired results.
In particular, the composition of the invention presents the advantages of improving plant growth and of reducing the number of days during which the cultivated plant is below the wilting point. The plant is thus more able to combat the deleterious effects of exposure to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
In other words, the application of the composition of the invention to a cultivated plant prior to the onset of an abiotic and/or biotic stress, increases the time spent in the easily usable soil water reserve (EUSWR) and reduces the time spent below the wilting point, i.e., the time spent in the soil survival reserve (SSR). The result is improved dry matter production and/or yield.
For the purposes of the invention, the term "easily usable soil water reserve" (or EUSWR) refers to the proportion of the usable soil water reserve (USWR) that a cultivated plant can extract without reducing its transpiration (or evapotranspiration), experiencing water stress or limiting its growth. The EUSWR generally represents 40% to 80% of the USWR depending on the depth of the soil and the species of plants cultivated.
For the purposes of the invention, the term "soil survival reserve" (or SSR) refers to the proportion of the USWR that a cultivated plant cannot extract. The plant is consequently in a state of water stress, because its transpiration (or evapotranspiration) is not reduced. Therefore, the cultivated plant limits its growth or even wilts.
For the purposes of the invention, the term "wilting point" (or WP) refers to the soil water status below which the plant can no longer draw the water necessary for its growth, i.e., the point below which the tension between the roots and the plant is high and the roots can no longer extract water from the soil. It is therefore the threshold below which the cultivated plant has entirely consumed the EUSWR and will wilt, albeit reversibly, but with an impact on the yield. This parameter is determined in particular through the measurement of soil humidity, for example by means of a neutron probe, a tensiometer or a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture meter. The wilting point depends on the field capacity, on the amount of water available to the plant according to the various soil types and on the variety of plant cultivated.
For the purposes of the invention, the term "yield" refers to the amount of product harvested, whether seeds or fruits, dry matter or green matter, or wine, over a given cultivation area.
For the purposes of the invention, the term "cultivated plant," in contrast to a naturally existing plant, refers to all plants that can be cultivated, i.e., sown, planted and exploited, by man.
By "plants" is meant all plants and plant populations such as desirable and undesirable wild plants, cultivars and plant varieties (whether or not protectable by plant variety or plant breeder's rights). Cultivars and plant varieties can be plants obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods which can be assisted or supplemented by one or more biotechnological methods such as by use of double haploids, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, molecular or genetic markers or by bioengineering and genetic engineering methods.
The term "plant" includes whole plants and parts thereof, Including, but not limited to, shoot vegetative organs/structures (e.g. leaves, stems and tubers), roots, flowers and floral organs/structures (e.g. bracts, sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, anthers and ovules), seeds (including embryo, endosperm, and seed coat) and fruits (the mature ovary), plant tissues (e.g. vascular tissue, ground tissue, and the like) and cells (e.g. guard cells, egg cells, and the like), and progeny of same. "Fruit" and "plant produce" are to be understood as any plant product which is further utilized after harvesting, e.g. fruits in the proper sense, nuts, wood etc., that is anything of economic value that is produced by the plant.
As another characteristic of the third embodiment of the composition of the invention, the majority of the lipophilic droplets present in the composition before addition of SF2, advantageously at least 90% of the lipophilic droplets (also named Dv90 emulsion) has a diameter comprised between 0.01 and 70 pm, preferably between 0.1 and 50 pm, most preferably between 0.1 and 20 pm with a peak maximum preferably of less than 10 pm, advantageously between 0.5 to 7 pm, preferably between 2 and 6 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
An essential feature of the invention is that the composition contains at least two surfactants, referred to as SF1 and SF2.
The composition therefore contains a first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the oil droplets and of the aqueous phase. This first SF is selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (WATER SF1) and the SFs that are soluble in the oil droplets (OIL SF1).
Therefore, at the interface of the oil droplets and of the aqueous phase, the composition according to the third embodiment can contain: at least one WATER SF1, or at least one OIL SF1, or at least one WATER SF1 and at least one OIL SF1.
The composition also contains a second surfactant (SF2).
The second surfactant (SF2) is in the form of particles.
Advantageously at least 90% of the particles of the composition of the invention (also named Dv90 suspo-emulsion) has a diameter comprised between 1 and 1000 pm, advantageously between 10 and 250 pm with a peak maximum preferably of between 10 pm and 100 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
In other words, the composition according to the third embodiment of the invention can contain: at least one WATER SF1 and at least one SF2, or at least one OIL SF1 and at least one SF2, or at least one WATER SF1, at least one OIL SF1 and at least one SF2.
To facilitate the method of manufacture of the composition, the composition contains at least two SFs, and respectively at least one OIL SF1 and/or WATER SF1 and at least one SF2, with OIL SF1 or WATER SF1 and SF2 being identical. As for exemple, fatty acid sugar esters may be used as both WATER SF1 and OIL SF1 since they are soluble in oil and in water at different temperatures.
In practice, WATER SF1, OIL SF1 and SF2 are selected according to the desired solubility in lipophilic droplets or in water, from among the group comprising:
- anionic surfactants, advantageously anionic surfactants whose polar head group is a carboxylate, a sulfonate or a sulfated alcohol;
- cationic surfactants, advantageously cationic surfactants whose polar head group is an amine, a quaternary amine or a quaternary ammonium ester;
- amphoteric surfactants, advantageously betaine derivatives or phospholipids;
- neutral surfactants, advantageously ethoxylates, alkanolamines, alkylglucamides, polyol esters, alkyl monoglucosides or alkyl polyglucosides, polyol ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (especially Tween 20, Tween 21, Tween 22, Tween 23, Tween 24, Tween 28, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 61, Tween 65, Tween 80), or sorbitan esters (especially Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, Span 80, Span 83, Span 85, Span 120);
- natural surfactants, advantageously lecithins, preferably soy lecithin, or surfactants derived from amino acids; and - surfactants synthesized from natural raw materials, advantageously polyol derivatives, preferably fatty acid sugar esters; the preferred fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the composition contains at least one OIL SF1 or WATER SF1 and at least one SF2, with both of them being selected from among the group comprising the fatty acid sugar esters.
In practice, these esters are solids at ambient temperature. Being naturally lipophilic compounds, they are insoluble in the aqueous phase and are therefore candidates for the role of SF2. They are also soluble in the oil droplets, but only on the condition that they undergo prior heating to their melting temperature, which can easily be determined by a person skilled in the art. For this reason, they are also candidates for the role of OIL SF1. This explains why OIL SF1 and SF2 may be the same.
Fatty acid sugar esters may also be used as both WATER SF1 and OIL SF1. Indeed, sucrose esters are generally soluble in water at high temperature. It concerns for exemple sucrose stearate which is soluble in water at around 80°C.
Advantageously, the fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.
According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant, in this case OIL SF1 or WATER SF1, and/or the second surfactant SF2 contain sucrose stearate or, advantageously, a mixture containing saccharose stearate and sucrose palmitate.
According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant (OIL SF1) and/or (WATER SF1) and/or the second surfactant (SF2) is a mixture containing:
- between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 70% saccharose stearate with a monoester content ranging between 20% and 80% by weight of saccharose stearate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters; and - between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 30% saccharose palmitate with a monoester content ranging between 20% and 80% by weight of saccharose palmitate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters.
According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant OIL SF1 and/or WATER SF1 and/or the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95- 5]). Preferably, the composition contains one first surfactant OIL SF1 or WATER SF1 and one second surfactant SF2 where OIL SF1 or WATER SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearate.
According to another specific embodiment, the first surfactant OIL SF1 and/or the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS [26446-38-8],
According to another specific embodiment, the first surfactant OIL SF1 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4]) and the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS number [26446-38-8] or the first surfactant OIL SF1 is sucrose palmitate and the second surfactant SF2 is sucrose stearate.
According to another specific embodiment, the first surfactant OIL SF1 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4]) or sucrose palmitate, preferably CAS number [26446-38-8] and the second surfactant SF2 is soy lecithin CAS [8002-43-5],
According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant (SF1) represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, and the second surfactant (SF2) represents between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight.
Advantageously, the first surfactant (OIL SF1) is identical to the second surfactant (SF2). In this case, the first surfactant preferably represents between 3% and 7% of the composition by weight, and the second surfactant preferably represents between 0.1% and 2.5% of the composition by weight and is advantageously sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).
As mentioned above, in a specific embodiment, the composition contains at least one WATER SF1, at least one OIL SF1 and at least one SF2.
Advantageously, the WATER SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, the OIL SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters and SF2 is selected from the group of natural surfactants.
In a preferred embodiment, the WATER SF1 is polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), the OIL SF1 is sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) and SF2 is soy lecithin (CAS [8002- 43-5]).
In another embodiment, the WATER SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, the OIL SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters and SF2 is selected from the group comprising fatty acid sugar esters. In another preferred embodiment, the WATER SF1 is Tween 20, the 0IL SF1 is Span 85 and SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).
In another preferred embodiment, the WATER SF1 is Tween 80, the 0IL SF1 is Span 20 and SF2 is sucrose stearate (preferably CAS number [25168-73-4] or [84066-95-5]).
Advantageously and for all the above embodiments of the invention, the at least one phytosterol is a phytosterols mixture containing free phytosterols and/or conjugated phytosterols, with the conjugated phytosterols being advantageously selected from among the group comprising phytosterol esters, phytosterol glycosides, acylated phytosterol glycosides and mixtures thereof.
Examples of free phytosterols in the context of the invention include p-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, cholesterol and brassicasterol, and mixtures thereof.
One example of a phytosterol ester in the context of the invention is that of esterified |3- sitosterol.
Examples of phytosterol glycosides in the context of the invention include [3-sitosterol-p-D- glucoside and glucosyl stigmasterol.
Examples of acylated phytosterol glycosides in the context of the invention include 16:0 sitosteryl glucose, 18:1 sitosteryl glucose, 16:0 stigmasteryl glucose, and 18:1 stigmasteryl glucose.
According to a specific embodiment, the mixture of phytosterols also contains at least one precursor of the phytosterols biosynthetic pathway or at least one of its derivatives. This can be, for example, a molecule selected from among the group comprising squalene, squalane, mevalonate and cycloartenol.
According to a specific embodiment, the phytosterols mixture in the context of the invention contains p-sitosterol.
Advantageously, the phytosterols mixture contains p-sitosterol, representing at least 30% of the phytosterols mixture by weight, preferably at least 35%, with the balance to 100% containing in particular, and where appropriate, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol.
As an example, a phytosterols mixture of the invention can be an extract of phytosterols obtained from oleaginous seeds such as soybeans, pine seeds, sunflower seeds or rapeseeds. One possible example of said phytosterols mixture is the raw material with CAS number [949109-75-5], Phytosterols mixture of the invention can also be an extract of phytosterols obtained from pine's wood after conversion into wood pulp.
According to a specific embodiment, the phytosterols mixture represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, advantageously between 0.5% and 7%, and preferably between 1% and 5%. According to a specific embodiment, the composition of the invention contains:
- a mixture comprising -sitosterol, representing advantageously at least 30% of the mixture by weight, along with campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol; and
- a first surfactant (OIL SF1) and/or a second surfactant (SF2) comprising saccharose stearate, advantageously a mixture containing saccharose stearate and saccharose palmitate.
According to another specific embodiment, the composition of the invention contains:
- a mixture of phytosterols corresponding to CAS number [949109-75-5] and
- a first surfactant (OIL SF1) that is identical to a second surfactant (SF2) which is sucrose stearate, as exemple CAS number [84066-95-5 or 25168-73-4],
According to a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the mixture of phytosterols to the first surfactant (SF1) and second surfactant (SF2) is between 0.01 and 15, and advantageously between 0.1 and 5.
According to a specific embodiment, the composition of the invention, especially regarding the second and the third embodiment also contains at least one component selected from among the group including:
- at least one fluidifying agent selected from among the group comprising glycerin, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight between 100, preferably between 200 and 8000 Da, advantageously between 200 and 1000 Da, preferably equal to 200 Da and more preferably equal to 400 Da; with the fluidifying agent advantageously representing between 1% and 15% of the composition by weight, and advantageously between 2% and 8%; and/or
- at least one solubilizing agent for phytosterols (or fatty substances) selected from among the group comprising lecithins, fatty alcohols as for example oleyl alcohol; fatty acids as for example oleic acid, linoleic acid ; glycerides, triglycerides, plant oils, advantageously soybean oil, grapeseed oil, sea buckthorn oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil or sunflower oil; with the solubilizing agent advantageously representing between 1% and 30% of the composition by weight, and advantageously between 4% and 15 %; and/or
- at least one wetting agent selected from among the group comprising silanes, siloxanes, triglycerides, a mixture of fatty acids, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, advantageously including methyl tetradecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate and methyl octadecanoate, or a mixture thereof with the wetting agent advantageously representing between 0.1% and 5% of the composition by weight; and/or
- at least one chelating agent, selected from among the group comprising natural chelating agents, advantageously sodium phytate or amino acid-based chelating agents; and synthetic chelating agents, advantageously 2,2'-bipyridine, dimercaptopropanol, ethylene glycol-bis(2- aminoethyl)-/V//V//V'//\/'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, salicylic acid or triethanolamine, and preferably EDTA; with the chelating agent advantageously representing between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight; and/or
- at least one preservative, advantageously selected from among the group comprising benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid and its salts, especially sodium benzoate, dehydroacetic acid and its salts, especially sodium dehydroacetate, salicylic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, especially potassium sorbate, 2-phenylethanol, phenoxyethanol, phenylpropanol, and preferably benzyl alcohol; with the preservative advantageously representing between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight.
Of course, all the above components can have more properties that the ones cited above.
According to another embodiment, the composition of the invention also contains an antioxydant agent selected from the group comprising citric acid and its salts, tartric acid and its salts, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate, lecithins, tocopherols, polyphenols, butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluol, octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, lycopen.
According to a specific embodiment, the composition of the invention, especially the third embodiment advantageously comprises:
- 0.2% to 30% of the composition by weight of at least the first and second surfactant, which are preferably identical, advantageously saccharose stearate and even more advantageously saccharose stearate having CAS number [84066-95-5] or [25168-73-4];
- 0.2% to 10% of the composition by weight of a mixture of phytosterols containing |3- sitosterol, with the p-sitoste ro I advantageously representing at least 30% of the mixture by weight, and the balance comprising a mixture of campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, with the overall mixture corresponding even more advantageously to CAS number [949109- 75-5];
- 1% to 15% of the composition by weight of a fluidifying agent, advantageously polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight (Mn) between 200 and 8000 Da, advantageously between 200 and 1000 Da, and preferably equal to 400 Da; or a plant oil as mentioned previously;
- 0.1% to 5% of the composition by weight of a wetting agent, advantageously fatty acid methyl esters, preferably comprising methyl tetradecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and methylhexadecanoate or a mixture thereof;
- 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight of a preservative, advantageously benzyl alcohol;
- 0.01% to 5% of the composition by weight of a natural or synthetic chelating agent, advantageously as described previously, and preferably EDTA; and
- the balance being water (water QSP 100%).
As previously mentioned, one of the main features of the composition of the invention is to contain:
- between 0.01 - 2 wt%, preferably 0.5 - 1.8 wt%, preferably about 1.5 wt% of boron compound, and
- between 0.002 - 1 wt%, preferably 0.003 - 0.5 wt%, preferably about 0.25 wt% of molybdenum compound.
According to a specific embodiment, boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds form a single molecule chosen from the group comprising molybdenum boride or dimolybdenum monoboride or combination thereof. Depending on their form and nature, the boron and molybdenum compounds may be present in the aqueous phase as a water-soluble salt or as an acid, in the lipophilic droplets when present as an organometallic molecule or both in aqueous phase and in the lipophilic droplets.
When boron compound is added to the composition of the invention, it may be added as a water-soluble salt or as an acid. When it is added as a water-soluble salt, the salt is chosen from the group comprising sodium tetraborate (borax), or any other salt which contains at least, one, two, three or four boron atoms in its chemical formula, taken alone or in combination of these.
Practically, the boron compound-containing salt may be anhydrous or complexed with a plurality of water molecules.
Preferentially, the boron compound is added as an acid and is boric acid.
When molybdenum compound is added to the composition of the invention as a water- soluble salt, the salt is chosen from the group comprising sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, molybdenum disilicide, molybdenum(IV) disulphide, molybdenum(IV) oxide, molybdenum(VI) oxide.
Practically, the Mo compound-containing salt may be anhydrous or complexed with a plurality of water molecules.
Preferentially, the Mo salt is sodium molybdate dihydrate.
In a preferred embodiment, Mo compound is added as a water salt and Bo is added as an acid, advantageously boric acid and sodium molybdate dihydrate.
When boron compound is added to the composition of the invention as a boron compoundcontaining organometallic molecule, it is chosen from the group comprising alkyl boronic acids (methylboronic acid, ethylboronic acid, propylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid), trimethylboroxine, trimethoxyboroxine, borate compounds (trimethylborate, triethylborate, tripropylborate, triphenylborate and other di- or tri-alkylsubstituted borate compounds), borane compounds (trimethylborane, triethylborane, tripropylborane, triphenylborane and other di- or tri-alkylsubstituted borane compounds), pinacol ester of boronic acids (phenylboronic pinacol ester, benzylboronic pinacol ester, bis(pinacolato)diboron and alkylsubstituted pinacol esters of boronic acid), isomers or closo-carboranes (ortho-, meta- and para-carborane), taken alone or in combination of these.
When molybdenum compound is added to the composition of the invention as an organometallic molecule, it is chosen from the group comprising dimolybdenum tetraacetate, molybdenum stearate and other carboxylic acids of molybdenum wherein the carboxylate ligand is between 2 and 18 carbons. Advantageously, boron and molybdenum compounds are present in the aqueous phase.
In a specific embodiment, the invention concerns a multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspo-emulsion as disclosed above, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a mixture of phytosterols comprising p-sitosterol, which represents at least 30% of the phytosterols mixture by weight, with the balance to 100% containing, where appropriate, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition further comprising: at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and of the aqueous phase, said SF1 being soluble in the lipophilic droplets (OIL SF1); and at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase, wherein SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearate, and between 0.01 - 2 wt%, preferably 0.5 - 1.8 wt%, preferably about 1.5 wt% of at least a boron compound, and between 0.002 - 1 wt%, preferably 0.003 - 0.5 wt%, preferably about 0.25 wt% of at least a molybdenum compound.
In that embodiment, the mixture of phytosterols represents preferably between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, advantageously between 0.5% and 7%, and preferably between 1% and 5%.
Advantageously, the first surfactant represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, and the second surfactant represents between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight, advantageously, the boron compound is boric acid and the molybdenum is sodium molybdate dihydrate, and are preferably present in the aqueous phase. If required, the composition further comprises at least one active ingredient selected from the group comprising: phytopharmaceutical product such as a plant growth regulator, a fungicide, a fungistatic agent, a bactericide, a bacteriostatic agent, an insecticide, an acaricide, a parasiticide, a nematicide, a talpicide or a herbicide; a biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms that enables plants to combat fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition with weeds.
According to another aspect, the invention relates to a slurry resulting from the dilution of the compositions as previously described.
Another option is to dilute the composition not containing the boron and molybdenum compounds with water containing boron and molybdenum compounds in order to obtain the slurry. In that case, concentration of boron and molybdenum is adapted in consequences.
For the purposes of the invention, the term "slurry" therefore refers to the compositions of the invention diluted in water or in a solution containing water and one or more active ingredients. The product which is applied on the plant in the fields is the slurry. Advantageously, the viscosity of the slurry of the invention is less than or equal to 200 cP, advantageously equal to or strictly higher than lcP, and less than or equal to 100 cP. In the context of the invention, the viscosity is measured using an Anton Paar QC300 viscometer, and the measurement is made at ambient temperature with the DG26 measurement system.
Advantageously, the pH of the slurry of the invention is between 5 and 8, preferably between 5 and 7, and is even more advantageously between 6 and 7.
In the context of the invention, the Applicant hypothesizes that diluting the composition as a slurry enables the solubilization of the solid component of the second surfactant that is still in suspension in the aqueous phase, or an increase in the quantity of the second surfactant that is present in solubilized form, thereby ensuring a more effective slurry, and therefore a more effective composition of the invention.
According to a specific embodiment, the mixture of phytosterols, the surfactant(s), boron and molybdenum compounds of the invention are combined with at least one active ingredient.
For the purposes of the invention, the term "active ingredient" refers to a product that allows the plant to combat preferably abiotic and/or biotic stresses, advantageously selected from the group comprising:
- a phytopharmaceutical product such as a plant growth regulator, a fungicide, a fungistatic agent, a bactericide, a bacteriostatic agent, an insecticide, an acaricide, a parasiticide, a nematicide, a talpicide or an herbicide;
- a biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms that enables plants to combat fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition with weeds; and/or
- an additional nutrient, organic or inorganic such as a micronutrient or a fertilizer.
The term "bactericide", as used herein, refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of bacteria.
The term "insecticide" as well as the term "insecticidal" refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term "insects" comprises all organisms in the class "Insecta".
The term "nematicide" and "nematicidal" refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes. In general, the term "nematode" comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
The term "acaricide" and "acaricidal" refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
Plant growth regulator may be selected from the group consisting of: - Antiauxins: clofibric acid, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid; - Auxins: 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA, naphthaleneacetamide, a-naphthaleneacetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T;
- Cytokinins: 2iP, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 2,6-dimethylpyridine, kinetin, zeatin;
Defoliants: calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, merphos, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribufos, tributyl phosphorotrithioate;
- Ethylene modulators: aviglycine, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), prohexadione
(prohexadione calcium), trinexapac (trinexapac-ethyl);
- Ethylene releasers: ACC, etacelasil, ethephon, glyoxime; Gibberellins: gibbe rel line, gibberellic acid;
- Growth inhibitors: abscisic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorpropham, dikegulac, flumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate), piproctanyl, prohydrojasmon, propham, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid;
- Morphactins: chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenol;
- Growth retardants: chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, tetcyclacis, uniconazole, metconazole;
- Growth stimulators: brassinolide, forchlorfenuron, hymexazol;
- Unclassified plant growth regulators/classification unknown: amidochlor, benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cloxyfonac, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fenridazon, fluprimidol, fluthiacet, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, methasulfocarb, pydanon, sintofen, triapenthenol
Fungicides and fungistatics may be selected among the group:
- Respiration inhibitors
- Inhibitors of complex III at Qo site like for example azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxystrobin/flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyrao-xystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb/chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone;
- inhibitors of complex III at Qi site: cyazofamid, amisulbrom,
- inhibitors of complex II: flutolanil, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide,
- other respiration inhibitors (e.g. complex I, uncouplers): diflumetorim;
- nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam; ferimzone; organometal compounds: fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; ametoctradin; and silthiofam;
- Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)
- C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides): triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, - imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizol; pyrimidines, pyridines and piperazines: fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, triforine; Deltal4-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine; Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: fenhexamid;
- Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors:
- Phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiral-axyl, metalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl; others: hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine,
- Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton
- tubulin inhibitors: benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl; triazolopyrimidines,
- cell division inhibitors: diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone;
- Inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis
- methionine synthesis inhibitors (anilino-pyrimidines): cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin, polyoxine, validamycin A;
- Signal transduction inhibitors
- MAP/histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil; G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen;
- Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors
- Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane; lipid peroxidation: dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole; phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandipropamid, pyrimorph, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate and
- compounds affecting cell membrane permeability and fatty acides: propamocarb, propamocarb-hydrochloridfatty acid amide
- Inhibitors with Multi Site Action
- Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram;organochlorine compounds (e.g. phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles): anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid, and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadinetris(albesilate), dithianon,
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
- Inhibitors of glucan synthesis: validamycin, polyoxin B; melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, dicyclomet, fenoxanil;
- Plant defence inducers
- acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium; phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts;
- Unknown mode of action
- bronopol, chinomethionat, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamin, fenpyrazamine, flumetover, flusulfamide, flutianil, methasulfocarb, nitrapyrin, nitrothal-isopropyl, oxine-copper, picarbutrazox, proquinazid, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, triazoxide,
Insecticidal compounds may be selected from the group consisting of:
- Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors from the class of carbamates: aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, and triazamate;
- Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors from the class of organophosphates: acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naiad, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion;
- GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists:
-Cyclodiene organochlorine compounds: endosulfan; or M-2.B fiproles (phenylpyrazoles): ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, or pyriprole;
- Sodium channel modulators from the class of pyrethroids: acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, betacyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta- cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, momfluorothrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau- fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin,metofluthrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, DDT and methoxychlor;
- Nicotinic acteylcholine receptor agonists from the class of neonicotinoids: acteamiprid, chlothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, sulfoxaflor, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam;
- Allosteric nicotinic acteylcholine receptor activators from the class of spinosyns: spinosad, spinetoram;
- Chloride channel activators from the class of mectins: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;
-Juvenile hormone mimics: hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen;
- Non-specific multi-site inhibitors: methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax or tartar emetic;
- Selective homopteran feeding blockers: pymetrozine, flonicamid, pyrifluquinazon,
- Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin or etoxazole;
- Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase: diafenthiuron, azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, or tetradifon; - Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, or sulfluramid; M-13 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers: bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap sodium;
- Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0 (benzoylurea class): bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron;
- Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1: buprofezin;
- Moulting disruptors: cyromazine;
- Ecdyson receptor agonists: methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide;
- Octopamin receptor agonists: amitraz;
- Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors: hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, flometoquin, fluacrypyrim or pyriminostrobin;
- Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors: fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, or rotenone;
- Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone
- Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis, inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat;
- Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors: cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen or pyflubumide; and
- Ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of diamides: flubendiamide, chloranthraniliprole (rynaxypyr), cyanthraniliprole (cyazypyr),
- Others: afidopyropen.
As used herein, "biocontrol product" is defined as agents or products that use natural mechanisms. They form a set of tools that can be used, alone or in combination with other plant protection methods, to combat crop enemies in integrated pest management. There are four main types of biocontrol agents:
> Auxiliary macro-organisms (to fight aggressors): invertebrates, insects, mites or nematodes used in an integrated approach to protect crops from bio-aggressors.
> Phytopharmaceutical products, including:
Micro-organisms (to control aggressors): fungi, bacteria and viruses used to protect crops from pests and diseases, or boost plant vitality.
> Chemical mediators: insect pheromones and kairomones. These can be used to track the flights of insect pests and control insect populations through mating disruption or trapping.
> Natural substances: these substances obtained from plant, microbial, animal or mineral sources are found in the natural environment and used as biocontrol products.
The traditional treatment of cultivated plants consists in applying active ingredients (a phytopharmaceutical product and/or a biocontrol product and/or a nutrient) to the cultivated plant in particular, where they provide an effect by the sole means of an interaction with the surface of the plant. Given the protective role played by the cuticle, they undergo little or no penetration into the plant by means of passive diffusion.
Unexpectedly, the Applicant has noted that when the combination of phytosterols, surfactants, boron and molybdenum compounds of the invention is combined with at least one active ingredient, this facilitates the diffusion and passive penetration of the active ingredient into the plant cell by means of the cuticle and plant cell membrane passage mechanisms which were described previously. The composition or the slurry described in the invention therefore allows the presence of a higher concentration or quantity of active ingredient in the plant. On condition that the composition or slurry is applied preferably prior to the onset of the stress, a systemic action of the active ingredient in the plant is observed, leading in turn to an enhanced fight against biotic stresses. In addition, the composition or slurry makes it possible to decrease the doses of active ingredients used while guaranteeing the improved effectiveness of these active ingredients.
The invention relates to the composition above disclosed, said composition containing at least one active ingredient as above mentioned.
Another object of the invention is also an agricultural kit containing separately the composition of the invention (before dilution) and at least one active ingredient as described above.
In use, the composition of the invention may be mixed by the farmer with an effective amount of the active ingredient and then diluted in order to obtain a slurry which is applied on the plant.
Another option is to dilute the composition of the invention in order to obtain the slurry and only then, to add to the slurry the at least one active ingredient.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacture for the previously described multiphase composition that is composed of the following steps: a) preparation of the lipophilic phase comprising heating the mixture of phytosterols; b) simultaneously with step a) or before step a), preparation of the aqueous phase comprising heating said aqueous phase; c) simultaneously, addition of the first surfactant OIL SF1 to the lipophilic phase of step a) and/or addition of the first surfactant WATER SF1 to the aqueous phase b); d) mixing and stirring of the lipophilic phase with of the aqueous phase until an emulsion is obtained; e) cooling of the emulsion; f) addition of the second surfactant (SF2) to the emulsion thus obtained under stirring, preferably at ambient temperature of between 20 °C and 25 °C, until a homogeneous suspension of the solid particles in the aqueous phase is obtained.
The method also comprises the step of adding boron and molybdenum in the aqueous phase and/or in the lipophilic phase before the emulsion is formed and/or directly in the emulsion after the emulsion is formed.
Depending on the chemical form of boron and molybdenum compounds (acid, water soluble salt or organometallic molecule), it is added either in the lipophilic phase, or in the water phase, or in both the lipophilic phase and the water phase before the emulsion is formed and/or directly in the emulsion after the emulsion is formed. When the composition contains boron and molybdenum compounds present as acid, water soluble salt(s), said nutrient(s) is added either in the aqueous phase (practically step b) above), before the emulsion is formed, or directly in the emulsion after the emulsion is formed (practically from the end of step d) to the end of step f)).
When the composition contains boron and molybdenum compounds present as an organometallic molecule(s), said boron and molybdenum compounds are added in the lipophilic phase (practically step a) above).
According to a specific embodiment, boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds are added in the aqueous phase, between step b) and c) as described above.
According to another embodiment, boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) compounds are added directly in the emulsion after the emulsion is formed (practically from the end of step d) to the end of step f)).
When present, a fluidifying agent, a solubilizing agent, and advantageously a wetting agent are added to the lipophilic phase and, where necessary, a chelating agent, a preservative, and/or and antioxidant are added to the aqueous phase.
In some embodiments, wetting agent may be used in the water phase and antioxidant may be added in the oil phase.
According to a specific embodiment, the first surfactant, in this case OIL SF1, is identical to the second surfactant (SF2) so that the surfactant that is present at the interface of the oil droplets and the aqueous phase of the dispersion is identical to the surfactant that is present in the aqueous phase in the form of solid particles.
According to a specific embodiment, the fluidifying agent is polyethylene glycol, and advantageously polyethylene glycol with a molar mass of 200 or 400 g/mol.
According to a specific embodiment, the wetting agent is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, preferably comprising methyl tetradecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and methylhexadecanoate.
In practice,
- preparation of the lipophilic phase is conducted at a high-temperature, preferably in a range between about 70°C to about 140°C, preferably between about 90°C to about 120°C, more preferably about 110°C;
- preparation of the aqueous phase is conducted at a high-temperature, preferably in a range between about 50°C to about 90°C, preferably between about 70°C to about 90°C, more preferably about 80°C;
- stirring is conducted until an emulsion of lipophilic droplets is obtained, preferably at least 90% of said lipophilic droplets having a diameter comprised between 0.01 and 70 pm, preferably between 0.1 and 50 pm, most preferably between 0.1 and 20 pm with a peak maximum less than 10 pm, advantageously between 0.5to 7 pm, preferably between 2 and 6 pm as determined by laser diffraction, - cooling of the emulsion is conducted until temperature of between 20°C and 30°C, preferably between 20°C and 25°C is reached,
- addition of the second surfactant (SF2) to the emulsion is conducted until a homogeneous suspension of the solid particles in the aqueous phase is obtained, preferably at least 90% of the particles have a diameter comprised between 1 and 1000 pm, advantageously between 10 and 250 pm with a peak maximum preferably of between 10 pm and 100 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
The invention also relates to a composition obtainable by the above-mentioned process.
According to another aspect, the invention relates to the use of the composition or slurry described previously in order to prevent the exposure of a cultivated plant to a biotic and/or abiotic stress.
The invention thus also relates to a preventive treatment process for a cultivated plant that aims to limit the loss of dry matter related to an abiotic and/or biotic stress; it consists in applying to the plant, prior to the onset of said abiotic and/or biotic stress, the composition or the slurry previously described.
Advantageously, within the meaning of the invention, the plant is cultivated in fields or under controlled conditions, for example using hydroponics, in a pot or in a greenhouse; preferably, in the context of the invention, the plant is cultivated in a field.
In general, abiotic stress is responsible for a decrease in yield or in production of dry matter and results from drought (a lack of water, or water stress), extreme temperatures (thermal stress), excess water (flooding), frost, wind, soil salinity (salt stress), ultraviolet radiation, insufficient access to certain nutrients, soil with stress-inducing characteristics (chemical composition, redox potential, etc.) or physical damage, and advantageously drought and/or extreme temperatures.
According to a specific embodiment, abiotic stress corresponds to water stress. In another embodiment, abiotic stress corresponds to thermal stress.
For the purposes of the invention, the term "water stress" refers to a state in which the water content of the cultivated plant is lower than the wilting point.
For the purposes of the invention, the phrase "prior to the onset of abiotic stress," particularly with regard to water stress, refers to the period during which the useful soil water reserve is properly filled, i.e., the time elapsed from the moment when the useful soil water reserve is sufficiently or completely full (field capacity) to the moment when the wilting point is reached.
For the purposes of the invention, the phrase "prior to the onset of abiotic stress," particularly with regard to thermal stress (or extreme temperatures), refers to the period before the point of vulnerability to frost and/or flower blast for each plant species and each developmental stage of these species. In other words, it refers to temperatures that are unfavorable to the growth and development of the plant, apart from all other crop conditions, such as water supply. As regards drought, the Applicant has noted that the composition or slurry of the invention, when applied preventively to the cultivated plant, i.e., prior to the occurrence of abiotic stress, induces a closure of the stomata and therefore a decrease in evapotranspiration. Consequently, the plant's water consumption is reduced without causing a decrease in yield, i.e., in the production of dry matter.
In other words, the invention also relates to a process for reducing the consumption of water by a cultivated plant under conditions of water stress that consists in applying to said plant, prior to the onset of water stress, the composition or slurry previously described.
The Applicant has noted that the composition was especially efficient for this specific effect on plants chosen from the group of soybean, corn, sunflower.
In practice, the biological mechanisms brought into play by the composition or slurry of the invention, especially at particularly low levels of phytosterols and therefore of p-sitosterol, lead to a stimulation of the vigor of the plant that provides the plant with improved resistance to water stress:
- the stimulation of the development of the root system increases the water supply accessible to the plant;
- the message sent by the p-sitosterol in the plant induces the partial closure of the stomata, thereby limiting water losses due to evapotranspiration.
For the purposes of the invention, the phrase "stimulation of the vigor of the plant" refers for example to a stimulation of various metabolic pathways of the plant that improve the plant's resistance to water stress.
Advantageously, the biological mechanisms described above lead to an improvement in the overall vigor of the plant and more generally the health of the plant.
The term "health of a plant" or "plant health" is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other such as increased yield, plant vigor, quality of harvested plant parts and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
The extent of the water supply accessible to the plant and the rate of consumption of this supply are therefore modulated by the signals whose transmission involves phytosterols, in particular p-sitosterol. These two mechanisms lead to an optimized consumption of accessible water by the plant.
More precisely, an effect of tolerance to water stress is observed; this effect is notably induced by -sitosterol as used in the invention, as well as by the application of the composition or slurry prior to exposure to stress.
In a particular embodiment, the invention relates to a preventive treatment process for a cultivated plant that aims to limit the loss of dry matter related to salt stress; it consists in applying to the plant the composition or slurry previously described. According to a specific embodiment, as regards biotic stress resulting in a decrease in yield or in dry matter production, this can be caused by the harmful action of a plant pathogen living on the cultivated plants, whether a fungal infection and/or a bacterial infection and/or a viral infection and/or a pest attack and/or competition with weeds.
For example, a fungal infection of the plant can be mildew on grapes, tomatoes or potatoes, septoria on wheat, rynchospora on barley, or powdery mildew on straw cereals and grapes; a bacterial infection of the plant can be crown gall, bacterial canker or fire flight; a viral infection of the plant can be mosaic diseases or yellow dwarf viruses; pests capable of attacking a cultivated plant include aphids, flea beetles or weevils.
In particular, the composition or slurry of the invention helps to reduce the intensity of a fungal disease, advantageously without affecting its frequency.
For the purposes of the invention, the phrase "prior to the onset of biotic stress," in particular with regard to a fungal infection, refers to the period before the first symptoms appear, for example before the first spots appear on the leaves and/or stems of the cultivated plant.
For the purposes of the invention, the phrase "intensity of the fungal disease" refers to the average intensity of the disease on all of the leaves of the cultivated plant. The intensity of the disease on one leaf is the surface area of the leaf that is covered by the disease.
For the purposes of the invention, the phrase "frequency of the fungal disease" refers to the number of leaves on which the disease or spots can be observed.
It follows from the above that the composition or slurry of the invention, when applied to the plant prior to the onset of an infection, particularly a fungal infection, leads to a decrease in the surface area of the spotting or discoloration of the leaf compared to a plant that has not received the preventive treatment of the invention.
The Applicant has also noted that the composition or slurry of the invention improves the growth and development of the plant, and particularly that of the young seedling when the slurry is applied prior to the onset of the stress. In particular, these improvements are even more advantageous when the slurry is applied via seed imbibition.
The invention therefore also relates to a process for stimulating the growth and development of the young seedlings that consists in applying the composition or slurry previously described prior to the onset of an abiotic and/or biotic stress, preferably via seed imbibition. The process of the invention therefore limits the period of time during which the young seedling is exposed to abiotic and/or biotic stresses. Furthermore, the effect of the product applied via seed imbibition lasts over time, since the plants treated with the composition or slurry of the invention are more tolerant to an abiotic and/or biotic stress.
In practice, the young seedling is more fragile than the adult plant with respect to abiotic and/or biotic stresses. A young seedling that has been treated with the composition or slurry 1 of the invention reaches a state of complete maturity (the adult plant stage) more quickly than a seedling that has not received this treatment.
Unexpectedly, the Applicant has noted that the first and second surfactants of the invention modify the state of the cuticle, making it permeable, i.e., they allow the mixture of phytosterols to penetrate inward to reach the internal components of the leaf or the plant, for example the plant cells.
In other words, the surfactants of the invention facilitate the crossing of the seed coat barrier and even the rupturing of the seed coats, and therefore accelerate germination. Next, the exogenous contribution of the mixture of phytosterols, particularly p-sitosterol, helps stimulate the growth and development of the seedling. The composition or slurry of the invention thus allows for an effective exogenous supply of phytosterols, notably p-sitosterol, possibly combined with one or several active ingredients, through the combination of a suitable composition and a system enabling the delivery of the phytosterols in the form of particles of a specific size, as mentioned previously.
For the purposes of the invention, the phrase "delivery of the phytosterols" refers to the transport of the phytosterols, which are hydrophobic, by means of the aqueous phase.
Furthermore, the second surfactant, which is present in the form of solid particles in suspension in the aqueous phase of the composition of the invention, helps solubilize the epicuticular waxes and provides facilitated pathways through the cuticle for the constituent compounds of said composition.
It follows from the above that the period during which the seedling could be subjected to stresses is shortened.
The fact that the compounds of the invention are not products that perform a specific type of activity, such as fungicides or biocides, makes it possible to consider an extensive spectrum of uses for a wide variety of crops, which can in particular improve the protection and therefore the profitability of minor crops for which the number of available phytopharmaceutical products is almost zero.
In practice, the composition or slurry of the invention is applied by spraying the leaves, by sprinkling, irrigation, seed imbibition, seed coating, drip irrigation or gravity irrigation of the cultivated plant, by incorporation into the soil, by addition to a hydroponic crop medium or by immersion.
For the purposes of the invention:
- the term "foliar spraying" refers to a pressurized projection of slurry that forms a large number of microdroplets that cover the upper and/or lower surfaces of the leaf;
- the term "irrigation" refers to the addition of a supply of water to the soil solution that is taken up by the root system of the plant; and
- the term "seed imbibition" refers to an immersion of the seed in a solution containing the composition. Advantageously, the composition is applied to the cultivated plant by foliar spraying at a dose of composition of 0.1 L/ha (hectare) to 15 L/ha, preferably 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha. Practically, the required dose of the composition is diluted in water in order to obtain a slurry. The slurry is then applied on the plant at a volume of between 30 and 400 L/ha, advantageously between 50 and 200 L/ha.
In a specific embodiment, the composition contains 2.5% by weight of phytosterols and the required dose of composition ranges from 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha. This means that the dose of phytosterols which is applied on the plant is between 25 to 125 g/ha. Practically, the composition of the invention may not be applied directly on the plant and needs to be diluted to form a slurry. In the present embodiment, the slurry is applied on the plant, especially by foliar spraying at a volume of 50 to 200 L/ha.
The slurry is preferably applied during a stage when the plant leaves cover the soil.
Advantageously, the slurry of the invention is applied only one time by foliar spraying and/or irrigation and/or seed imbibition.
The invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously: to increase the tolerance of a cultivated plant to an abiotic stress and/or; to decrease the intensity of a biotic stress affecting a cultivated plant.
The invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously as a biostimulant for a cultivated plant.
The invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to improve the yield or dry matter production of a cultivated plant.
The invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to promote deeper root development for a cultivated plant.
The invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to control the opening or closing of the stomata of a cultivated plant.
The invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to improve the vegetative development and/or the flowering of a cultivated plant.
The invention also relates to the use of a composition comprising a mixture of phytosterols and of surfactants, notably polyols, and in particular of the composition or slurry as described previously, to strengthen the stem of the crop plant and improve its tolerance to physiological lodging, the adverse effects of lodging, which can include lower seed filling, loss of quality, yield loss and harvesting difficulties.
The invention also relates to the use of the composition or slurry as described previously to improve the effectiveness of phytopharmaceutical fungicide or biocontrol products. According to a specific embodiment, the cultivated plant is a chlorophyllian plant, advantageously selected from among the group comprising field crops of cereals, oilseeds and protein crops; grapes; plants with roots and tubers; horticultural plants; grass; vegetables; herbs and spices; tree crops; or industrial crops intended for the production of raw material for processing. Preferably the cultivated plant is selected from among the group comprising soybeans, corn, barley, millet, moha, miscanthus, panicum, sorghum, peanuts, wheat, rapeseed, sunflower, protein peas, field peas, field beans, lupins, flax, truncated alfalfa, grapes, beets, potatoes, beans, lettuce, parsley and radishes.
The composition, the slurry, the method of manufacture of the composition of the invention, the treatment process for preventing an abiotic and/or biotic stress, as well as the uses previously described, present the advantages of corresponding exactly to societal demands relating to phytopharmaceutical products:
- Can be applied in the field and present a phytosterol concentration that is effective for stimulating crop plant growth and coping with an abiotic and/or biotic stress;
- Environmentally friendly;
- Safe for human health;
- Wide array of uses in terms of crop plant varieties;
- No induced resistance;
- Improved environmental conditions;
- Economic merit;
- Regulatory merit.
The invention and the benefits it produces are more visible in the following figures and examples, which are given in order to illustrate the invention in a non-exhaustive fashion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1: particle size distribution of the composition of the invention Figure 2: microscope photograph of the composition of the invention
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
1. Preparation of the compositions containing SF1 and SF2
1.1. Formulas of the compositions (see Table 1)
Any percentage by weight of an compound or a molecule of the invention refers to the total weight of the said invention, which means relative to the sum of all ingredients giving a hundred. This percentage by weight can by symbolized as wt%.
Table 1. preparation of the compositions.
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000031_0001
Footnotes. 1: CAS [25168-73-4] 2: CAS [84066-95-5] 3: CAS [26446-38-8],
1.2. Manufacture of a composition: The various composition according to the invention are manufactured comprising the following steps:
(i) Preparation at about 110 °C of a lipophilic phase comprising phytosterols, oil surfactant SF1 (if any), methyl tetradecanoate, and when present, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and solvent,
(ii) Preparation at a given temperature of a hydrophilic phase comprising water, the water surfactant SF1, if any, and benzyl alcohol if any,
(iii) Mixing the lipophilic phase of step (i) with the hydrophilic phase of step (ii) and stirring until at least 90% of the volume of lipophilic droplets with a diameter comprised between 0.1 and 20 pm are obtained, with a maximum peak between 2 and 6 pm as determined by laser diffraction,
(iv) Cooling of the emulsion to ambient temperature of about 20 °C, and
(v) Adding a second surfactant SF2 in the emulsion, at ambient temperature of about 20 °C and stirring until at least 90% of the particles with a diameter comprised between 10 and 250 pm are obtained and suspended in the aqueous phase, with a maximum peak between 10 pm and 1000 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
The particle size distribution and a microscope photograph of the composition 1 are shown respectively on figures 1 and 2.
As shown on figure 1: at least 90% of lipophilic droplets dispersed in the aqueous phase have a diameter comprised between 0.1 and 20 pm, with a peak maximum between 2 and 6 pm, as determined by laser diffraction, at least 90% the second surfactant (SF2) is in the form of particles that have diameter comprised between 10 and 250 pm with a peak maximum preferably of between 10 pm and 100 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
As shown on figure 2, particles of the second surfactant (SF2) designated by 1 are much bigger than lipophilic droplets designated by 2.
2. Preparation of the composition according to the invention comprising boric acid and sodium molybdate as nutrient.
Some compositions (examples 10 -16) are given in Table 2:
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000033_0001
Footnotes. 1: CAS [25168-73-4] 2: CAS [84066-95-5] 3: CAS [26446-38-8],
3. Evaluation of the capacity of the slurry as per example 1 (see Table 1) and example 16 (see Table 2) to reduce the sensitivity of a soybean crop to water stress
The evaluation has been conducted by using example 16 but the same results may be obtained with compositions of example 10-18.
The suspo-emulsion of exemple 16 is prepared according to the following process:
(i) Preparation at about 110 °C of a lipophilic phase comprising phytosterols, sucrose stearate, polyethylene glycol 400, and the methyl tetradecanoate,
(ii) Preparation at about 80 °C of a hydrophilic phase comprising benzyl alcohol, boric acid and sodium molybdate dihydrate in water
(iii) Mixing the lipophilic phase of step (i) and the water of step (ii) and stirring until at least
90% of lipophilic droplets having a diameter comprised between 0.1 and 20 pm, with a peak maximum between 0.5 and 7 pm as determined by laser diffraction is obtained,
(iv) Cooling of the emulsion to ambient temperature of about 20 °C, and
(v) Adding sucrose stearate in the emulsion, at ambient temperature of about 20 °C until at least 90% of the particles with a diameter comprised between 10 and 250 pm are obtained and suspended in the aqueous phase, with a maximum peak between 10 pm and 1000 pm as determined by laser diffraction.
The objective is to evaluate soybean yield in field trials with plantations carried out with seeds subjected to hydric stress and treated with foliar application of the compositions of example 1 and 10 at different stages. 3.1. Equipment and methods
3.1.1. Description of the experimental setup
The description of the experimental setup is presented in Table 3.
Figure imgf000034_0001
3.1.2. Treatment modalities considered
The description of the modalities considered is presented in Table 4.
Figure imgf000034_0002
The yield is being considered in this study.
3.2. Results
The results are presented in Table 5.
Figure imgf000034_0003
3.3. Conclusion
This trial shows that when the slurry of the invention is applied to soybean at an early stage of development (between V3 and V4 stage), the yield is improved for both compositions according to the preparation of example 1, but mostly for the composition according to the preparation of example 16.
This evidence shows that under identical growth conditions, a plant that has been treated with the slurry of the invention (whether the slurry is obtained from example 1 or from example 16) optimizes its consumption of soil water in order to increase its grain production and limit its desiccation.

Claims

1. Agricultural composition, comprising
(i) an effective amount of at least one phytosterol; and
(ii) at least one surfactant (SF1); and
(iii) 0.01 - 2 wt% of at least a boron compound
(v) 0.002 - 1 wt% of at least amolybdenum compound
2. The agricultural composition of claim 1, characterized in that the composition is an aqueous solution comprising
- 80 to 98 wt% of water
- 2 to 20 wt% of a composition containing at least one phytosterol and at least one surfactant (SF1)
3. The agricultural composition of claim 1, characterized in that the composition is an oil in water emulsion (O/W) comprising:
- an aqueous phase representing between 80 and 98 wt% of the composition,
- an oily phase representing between 2 and 20 wt% of the composition, said oily phase comprising the at least one phytosterol and the at least one surfactant (SF1).
4. The agricultural composition of claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the mass ratio of the phytosterol/surfactant mixture is between 0.01 and 5, advantageously between 0.1 and 2.5, preferably between 0.2 and 1.
5. The agricultural composition of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a mixture of phytosterols containing p-sitosterol, which represents at least 30% of the phytosterols mixture by weight, with the balance to 100% containing, where appropriate, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol.
6. The agricultural composition of claim 1 to 5, characterized in that SF1 is selected from among the group comprising:
- anionic surfactants, advantageously anionic surfactants whose polar head group is a carboxylate, a sulfonate or a sulfated alcohol; - cationic surfactants, advantageously cationic surfactants whose polar head group is an amine, a quaternary amine or a quaternary ammonium ester;
- amphoteric surfactants, advantageously betaine derivatives or phospholipids;
- neutral surfactants, advantageously ethoxylates, alkanolamines, alkylglucamides, polyol esters, alkyl monoglucosides or alkyl polyglucosides, polyol ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (especially Tween 20, Tween 21, Tween 22, Tween 23, Tween 24, Tween 28, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 61, Tween 65, Tween 80), or sorbitan esters (especially Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, Span 80, Span 83, Span 85, Span 120);
- natural surfactants, advantageously lecithins, preferably soy lecithin, or surfactants derived from amino acids; and - surfactants synthesized from natural raw materials, advantageously polyol derivatives, preferably fatty acid sugar esters; the preferred fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.
7. The agricultural composition of claim 1 to 5, characterized in that SF1 is a mixture containing:
- between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 70% saccharose stearate with a monoester content ranging between 20% and 80% by weight of saccharose stearate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters; and
- between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 30% saccharose palmitate with a monoester content ranging between 20% and 80% by weight of saccharose palmitate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters.
8. The agricultural composition of claim 1 to 5, characterized in that SF1 is sucrose stearate.
9. The agricultural composition of claim 1, characterized in that the composition is a multiphase agricultural composition in the form of a suspo-emulsion, comprising lipophilic droplets containing a least one phytosterol, said lipophilic droplets being dispersed in an aqueous phase, the composition further comprising: at least one first surfactant (SF1) located at the interface of the lipophilic droplets and of the aqueous phase and selected from among the SFs that are soluble in the aqueous phase (WATER SF1) and the SFs that are soluble in the lipophilic droplets (OIL SF1); and at least one second surfactant (SF2) suspended in the aqueous phase, said second surfactant having the form of particles insoluble in the aqueous phase.
10. The agricultural composition of claim 9, characterized in that the at least one phytosterol represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, advantageously between 0.5% and 7%, and preferably between 1% and 5%.
11. The agricultural composition according to any one of claims 9 to 10, characterized in that the first surfactant represents between 0.2% and 10% of the composition by weight, and the second surfactant represents between 0.01% and 5% of the composition by weight.
12. The agricultural composition according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that it contains:
- at least one WATER SF1 and at least one SF2, or
- at least one OIL SF1 and at least one SF2, or
- at least one WATER SF1, at least one OIL SF1 and at least one SF2.
13. The agricultural composition according to claim 12, characterized in that WATER SF1,
OIL SF1 and SF2 are selected from among the group comprising:
- anionic surfactants, advantageously anionic surfactants whose polar head group is a carboxylate, a sulfonate or a sulfated alcohol;
- cationic surfactants, advantageously cationic surfactants whose polar head group is an amine, a quaternary amine or a quaternary ammonium ester;
- amphoteric surfactants, advantageously betaine derivatives or phospholipids;
- neutral surfactants, advantageously ethoxylates, alkanolamines, alkylglucamides, polyol esters, alkyl monoglucosides or alkyl polyglucosides, polyol ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (especially Tween 20, Tween 21, Tween 22, Tween 23, Tween 24, Tween 28, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 61, Tween 65, Tween 80), or sorbitan esters (especially Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, Span 80, Span 83, Span 85, Span 120);
- natural surfactants, advantageously lecithins, preferably soy lecithin, or surfactants derived from amino acids; and
- surfactants synthesized from natural raw materials, advantageously polyol derivatives, preferably fatty acid sugar esters; the preferred fatty acid sugar esters are saccharose stearate, saccharose palmitate and their polyesters, or mixtures thereof.
14. The agricultural composition according to claim 13, characterized in that the fatty acid sugar esters are in the form of a mixture containing:
- between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 70% saccharose stearate with a monoester content ranging between 20% and 80% by weight of saccharose stearate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters; and - between 20% and 80% by weight, advantageously 30% saccharose palmitate with a monoester content ranging between 20% and 80% by weight of saccharose palmitate, advantageously 70%, with the balance being a mixture of di-, tri- and/or polyesters.
15. The agricultural composition according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one first surfactant (OIL SF1 and/or WATER SF1) and at least one second surfactant (SF2), and in that the first surfactant (OIL SF1 and/or WATER SF1) is identical to the second surfactant (SF2).
16. The agricultural composition according to claims 15, characterized in that the first surfactant 0IL SF1 and/or WATER SF1 and the second surfactant (SF2) are fatty acid sugar esters.
17. The agricultural composition according to claim 7, characterized in that fatty acid sugar ester is sucrose stearate.
18. The agricultural composition according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that WATER SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, OIL SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters and SF2 is selected from the group of natural surfactants.
19. The agricultural composition according to claims 18, characterized in that WATER SF1 is polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), the OIL SF1 is sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) and SF2 is soy lecithin.
20. The agricultural composition according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that WATER SF1 is selected from the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, the OIL SF1 is selected from the group of sorbitan esters and SF2 is selected from the group comprising fatty acid sugar esters.
21. The agricultural composition according to claim 20, characterized in that WATER SF1 is Tween 80, the OIL SF1 is Span 20 and SF2 is sucrose stearate.
22. The agricultural composition of claim 9, characterized in that the at least one phytosterol is a mixture of phytosterols containing p-sitosterol, which represents at least 30% of the phytosterols mixture by weight, with the balance to 100% containing, where appropriate, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol, and in that SF1 and SF2 are sucrose stearate.
23. The agricultural composition of claim 22, characterized in that:
- the concentration of boron compound is between 0.01 and 2 wt%, and
- the concentration of molybdenum compound is between 0.002 and 1 wt%.
24. The agricultural composition according to any one of the previous claims, characterized in that the boron compound is boric acid and the molybdenum compound is sodium molybdate dihydrate.
25.The agricultural composition according to any one of the previous claims, characterized in that boric acid and sodium molybdate dihydrate are present in the aqueous phase.
26. The agricultural composition according to any one of the previous claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one active ingredient selected from the group comprising:
- phytopharmaceutical product such as a plant growth regulator, a fungicide, a fungistatic agent, a bactericide, a bacteriostatic agent, an insecticide, an acaricide, a parasiticide, a nematicide, a talpicide or a herbicide;
- a biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms that enables plants to combat fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, pest attacks and/or competition with weeds; and/or
27. Slurry resulting from the dilution of the composition according to any one of the previous claims.
28. Method of manufacture of the composition according to any one of the claims 9 to 25 comprising the following steps: a) preparation of the lipophilic phase comprising the mixture of phytosterols, optionally heating the mixture of phytosterols; b) preparation of the aqueous phase, optionally heating the aqueous phase; c) simultaneously, addition of the first surfactant OIL SF1 to the lipophilic phase of step a/ and d) mixing and stirring of the lipophilic phase with the aqueous phase until an emulsion is obtained; e) cooling of the emulsion; f) addition of the second surfactant (SF2) to the aqueous phase of the emulsion thus obtained under stirring, until a homogeneous suspension of solid particles of the second surfactant in the aqueous phase of the emulsion is obtained, the boron and molybdenum compounds being added in the aqueous phase before the emulsion is formed and/or directly in the emulsion after the emulsion is formed.
29. Preventive treatment process for a cultivated plant to limit the loss of dry matter related to an abiotic and/or biotic stress consisting in applying to the plant, prior to the onset of said abiotic and/or biotic stress the slurry according to claim 27.
30. Process according to claim 29, characterized in that abiotic stress corresponds to a water stress.
31. Process according to any one of claims 29 to 30, characterized in that the slurry is applied by foliar spraying at a dose of composition of 0.1 L/ha to 15 L/ha, and advantageously at a dose of 1 L/ha to 5 L/ha.
32. Process according to any one of claims 29 to 31 characterized in that the cultivated plant is soybeans.
33. Multiphase agricultural composition obtainable by the process of claim 28.
PCT/EP2022/077993 2022-10-07 2022-10-07 Phytosterol-based agricultural composition and their use WO2024074215A1 (en)

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