KR20210094333A - Nursey bed-soil composition suitable for machine planting of onion - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a nursery bed soil composition suitable for machine transplanting of onions. A bed soil composition according to the present invention comprises an adequate content of zeolite to generate a compaction phenomenon due to increase of bed soil bulk density in the process of machine transplanting of seedling, and has the most efficient and optimal concentration ratio to maximize efficiency of machine transplanting.

Description

Top soil composition for seedling suitable for onion machine planting {Nursey bed-soil composition suitable for machine planting of onion}

The present invention relates to a medium composition for seedling suitable for onion machine planting.

In general, rice, onions, etc. are sown in a separate seedling pot, grown to a certain size, and then grown by transplanting the seedlings into a field or paddy field.

In the case of seedlings and seedlings in seedling pots, techniques for improving workability by improving imitation pots and growing healthy seedlings have been proposed.

For example, in Patent Registration No. 347590, a port ring that can be fixed by inserting a seedling pot used for hair growth of seedlings forms a fixed frame supported by a reinforcing bar inside the outer frame, and the seedling pot itself is supported by the fixed frame. By allowing it to be used as a bridge, it is possible to efficiently fix the seedling pot without using a separate shelf for growing seedlings, and to transport a large amount of seedlings simultaneously and conveniently without damaging the seedlings when transporting seedlings. A configuration of a seedling pot fixing frame that can prevent damage to the roots of the seedlings by allowing moisture and air to be smoothly supplied to the seedlings grown in the seedling pot is disclosed.

In addition, in No. 247074 for the registration room, a large amount of water is brought into the thirty integrated seedling pots by the extension formed on the upper part and the circumference of the conical body, and three drainage holes are formed on the side at the lower part of the body so that the seedling roots are installed in the seedling pot. Inhibits outgrowth and facilitates separation between seedlings and seedling pots after seedling growth, thus minimizing damage to seedling roots, preventing root rot due to smooth drainage, and filling seedling pots with top soil There is also disclosed an integrated seedling pot that can simultaneously fill thirty seedling pots at once.

On the other hand, transplanted plants that have completed seedling are finally cultivated in fields and paddy fields. Conventionally, except for rice, most of the sowing operations were performed manually, which was very inefficient.

In particular, in the case of onions, formal work is carried out in the form of transplanting and burying onion seedlings using hoes by manpower, which reduces work efficiency and lengthens work time. There has been a problem in that it is consumed and the work is also difficult, avoiding a formal work of some kind.

In order to overcome the disadvantages of the manual planting operation as described above, a number of techniques for mechanically planting onion seedlings have been proposed, and a representative example is Patent Registration No. 343102. The above patent is an improvement of the implantation blade part constituting the onion transplanter, and it comprises a side part and a blade-shaped reinforcement part protruding from the lower surface on the front transplantation blade part in the transplant direction among the transplant blade parts formed as a pair, and The implantation blade is disclosed in the structure of the implantation blade of an onion transplanter that is coupled in a form without a reinforcing part.

In addition, Patent Publication No. 2010-0009791 discloses a seedling supply unit comprising onion seedlings, a seedling transfer unit for individually gripping the seedlings of the seedling supply unit and transferring the seedlings to the seedling sowing unit, and seedlings transferred from the seedling transfer unit to the ground. The disadvantage of direct sowing by conventional manpower by configuring an automatic seeding machine for onion seedlings including a seedling sowing unit, the seedling supply unit, the seedling transfer unit, and a driving unit comprising a wheel that can be driven by a motor, but supports the seedling sowing unit The configuration of an automatic seeding machine for onion seedlings, characterized in that it is configured to be resolved is disclosed.

On the other hand, in the case of the automatic planter (automatic planter), the plant to be transplanted is separated from the seedling pot and planted in the field, and a method of separating the transplanted plant by applying a certain impact to the seedling pot is applied. Due to the impact of the negative topsoil, the topsoil was scattered, and the formal workability was deteriorated.

Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of mechanical planting, there is a need for a new seedling top soil composition that can protect the roots from external impact caused by mechanical friction and falling of the planting plant.

KR 10-0347590 KR 10-2016-0075625

In the present invention, it is an object of the present invention to provide a soil composition for seedlings comprising coco peat, peat moss, vermiculite and zeolite.

In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a top soil composition for onion seedlings.

In addition, the present invention aims to provide an onion cultivation method using the top soil composition for onion seedlings.

One aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is

It is a bed soil composition for seedlings comprising 46.0 to 48.0% of coco peat, 12.6 to 13.4% of peat moss, 8.7 to 9.3% of vermiculite, and 27 to 33% of zeolite.

The bed soil composition for seedlings of the present invention contains zeolite, resulting in a compaction phenomenon, and thus the seedling appearance rate is superior to that of the conventional top soil, and has a high root protection property during mechanical planting, thus exhibiting high productivity during planting through an automatic planter.

The bed soil composition for seedlings of the present invention inevitably contains moisture, but may be improved by excluding the moisture component, and may be improved based on the same moisture content.

The coco pit is a by-product generated while processing the coconut shell, and the coco pit has a particle size of 6 mm or less, and by decontamination treatment, the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) is 5.8 to 7.0 It is preferable that it is inside and outside, and it is preferable that the content of lignin and tannin which inhibits plant root growth is lowered, but is not limited thereto. The coco pit is preferably included in an amount of 30 to 70%.

If the coco pit content is less than 46%, it cannot promote the growth of onion seedlings, and if it exceeds 48%, it is too light and not suitable for mechanical planting.

The peat moss includes both dry and wet soils, and while sphagnum moss is trapped in a stratum in water for a long time, air is blocked, so it does not rot completely, and it refers to soil made by partially carbonizing.

The peat moss as described above has excellent water holding capacity and air permeability, and has a large cation substitution capacity due to the presence of COOH- groups on the cell surface, so it has good retention capacity. It can provide physical and chemical properties suitable for

In addition, there are no filamentous fungi, bacteria, pests, and weed seeds, and it is light and easy to handle, and since it is fibrous, it has excellent self-bonding power and thus has good moldability.

On the other hand, peat moss has a strong acidity with a pH of about 4 to 5, and has low affinity with the soil after planting, so that when it is used excessively in the top soil, there are disadvantages such as poor crop growth due to strong acid and difficulty in survival after planting. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to include 12.6 to 13.4% of peat moss.

When the content of peat moss exceeds 13.4%, the weight of the soil cannot be increased because the bulk density of the material itself is low, and the growth of crops is poor due to strong acidity. If the content of peat moss is less than 12.6%, the cohesiveness of the top soil is poor, and the root adhesion is poor during germination after sowing, so that the roots protrude above the ground, and the roots cannot be protected during seedling transfer and fall.

The vermiculite includes both gold and silver, and refers to a mineral obtained by heating minerals such as phloem mica and biotite at a high temperature of 800 to 1,000 to expand (about 6 to 30 times).

The vermiculite has good water retention and breathability, so it can provide physical properties and chemical properties suitable for growing onion seedlings.

It is preferable to contain vermiculite in an amount of 8.7 to 9.3%. If the content of vermiculite exceeds 9.3%, the cohesiveness of the top soil is lowered and the root adhesion is poor during germination after sowing, so that the roots protrude to the above-ground part, and the seedling transfer and The root part cannot be protected when falling, and when it is less than 8.7%, it has a disadvantage in that seedling growth is poor.

Therefore, when vermiculite is included in an amount of 8.7 to 9.3%, it is possible to properly maintain the topsoil weight and to have a cohesiveness suitable for mechanical settlement.

The zeolite of the present invention is a fine porous mineral of feldspar, and has excellent water holding capacity, holding capacity and drainage capacity, and has high adsorption capacity of harmful gases and harmful substances. The bed soil composition for seedlings of the present invention, including zeolite, has excellent compaction properties and exhibits excellent efficiency during mechanical planting of seedlings. In addition, the zeolite of the present invention serves to prevent soil acidification and to supply nutrients such as K, Mg, and Ca.

The zeolite is preferably included in an amount of 27 to 33%. If the zeolite is less than 27%, compaction does not occur, making it unsuitable for mechanical planting, and if it exceeds 33%, it is difficult to grow seedlings due to excessive compaction.

As a specific embodiment, the top soil composition for seedlings of the present invention may include 47.0% coco peat, 13.0% peat moss, 9.0% vermiculite, and 30.0% zeolite.

Another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is that the top soil composition is a top soil composition for onion seedlings.

Another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a method of growing onions using a top soil composition for hair growth.

Preferably, the cultivation method of the onion may be to use the top soil composition for hair growth in mechanical planting.

Specifically, in the onion cultivation method,

(a) after filling the 448 tray pots with the soil composition for seedlings, sowing one seed per each with a planter, covering with the soil composition for seedlings, and watering;

(b) germinating the tray pot prepared in step (a) under light-shielding conditions for 2 to 3 days;

(c) placing the tray pot prepared in step (b) on the seedling;

(d) cutting the tray pot prepared in step (c) so that the length of the leaf becomes 10 to 15 cm each independently on the 25th day after sowing, 40 days after sowing, and on the day before planting during the seedling period;

(e) the step of planting after 50 to 60 days from the date of performing the step of toothing of step (c); provides a method for growing onions, including.

In the method according to the present invention, the formulating step may preferably be a formula using a mechanical formula.

The day before the formalization of step (d) may preferably be 55 days after the date of performing the dentition step in step (c).

The method according to the present invention comprises the steps of (f) growing onions after step (e); and (g) harvesting onions.

As described above, after toothing and/or planting, the onion is grown by managing weeds and pest prevention in a conventional onion cultivation method until harvest.

In other words, after sowing onion seedlings, it is managed by checking whether the roots are well established and growing well with the leaves. .

After that, if necessary, the onion can be harvested when the egg size of the onion is fully grown and grown. Therefore, the harvest can be harvested when the stem part of the onion is completely broken and when the broken part is touched by hand, there is no moisture and it feels soft. At this time, the size of the harvested onion eggs is about 8-10 cm in diameter, and the onion flesh is soft and soft, and the stem is not too strong, so it may be the best time to eat.

The top soil composition of the present invention, including zeolite, causes a compaction phenomenon due to an increase in the top soil weight during mechanical planting of seedlings, and can maximize the efficiency of mechanical planting based on the most efficient and optimal concentration ratio.

1 is an image comparing seedlings of onions before and after falling from a height of 80 cm between control top soil 1 and invention top soil.

Examples and Experimental Examples

Hereinafter, preferred examples and experimental examples are presented to help the understanding of the present invention. However, the following examples are only applied to understand the present invention more easily, and the content of the present invention is not limited by the examples.

Example 1. Preparation of top soil composition for seedlings for onion mechanical planting

The top soil composition for seedlings was formulated according to Table 1 below. Inventive soils of the present invention were compared with control tops 1 and 2. Percentages in the following units mean % by weight.

division Coco Feet
(%) peat moss
(%) vermiculite
(%) Zeolite (Powder)
(%) control soil 1 61.0 17.0 11.0 11.0 control soil 2 42.0 12.0 8.0 38.0 invention ground 47.0 13.0 9.0 30.0

Example 2. Analysis of physicochemical properties of top soil composition

The weight loss, acidity, and organic matter of the soil composition prepared in Example 1 were measured and shown in Table 2 below. The top soil composition according to the present invention provided a composition having an appropriate acidity level and organic content by including appropriate cocopeat, peat moss, vermiculite and zeolite content.

division weight loss
(g/cm ³ ) acidity
(1:5) organic matter
(%) control soil 1 0.47 4.9 28.1 control soil 2 0.70 5.6 12.2 invention ground 0.61 5.4 14.9

Example 3. Analysis of seedling growth characteristics

The results of the initial seedling growth characteristics according to the top soil composition were analyzed 20 days after sowing, and are shown in Tables 3, 4 and 5 below. Table 3 shows the analysis of seedling growth characteristics 20 days after sowing, Table 4 shows the analysis of seedling growth characteristics in the middle stage 40 days after sowing, and Table 5 shows the analysis of seedling growth characteristics before planting 60 days after sowing.

The specific gravity of the soil was greater in the zeolite-added group than in the non-additive group (Table 5). As the amount of zeolite added increased, it was confirmed that the initial seedling growth was poor due to the compaction phenomenon caused by the increase in the soil weight. In particular, the composition according to the present invention contains zeolite in an amount of 27 to 33%, thereby maintaining an excellent level of late growth of hair growth while properly maintaining the initial growth of seedlings.

division ground game
(every week) pasture
(cm) caliber
(mm) muscle
(cm) logistics
(recast) muscle weight
(g/10 weeks) yeopjung
/heart Land price weight
(g/cm ³ ) control soil 1 2.5 12.1 2.39 4.89 4.0 0.27 10.6 0.31 control soil 2 2.1 9.7 2.34 3.29 3.3 0.21 9.6 0.42 invention soil 2.3 10.1 2.19 2.54 3.6 0.18 10.8 0.34

division ground game
(every week) pasture
(cm) caliber
(mm) muscle
(cm) logistics
(recast) muscle weight
(g/10 weeks) yeopjung
/heart Land price weight
(g/cm ³ ) control soil 1 3.7 24.3 4.6 4.8 12.9 1.12 13.7s 0.26 control soil 2 3.5 18.5 4.4 4.2 10.5 0.79 14.5 0.40 invention soil 3.6 27.2 4.5 4.8 11.8 b 1.04 16.5 0.36

division ground game
(every week) caliber
(mm) muscle
(cm) logistics
(recast) muscle weight
(g/10 weeks) Land price weight
g/cm ³ ) control soil 1 2.9 5.5 5.9 21.2 19.3 0.25 control soil 2 3.5 5.1 5.0 16.9 13.9 0.37 invention soil 3.5 6.8 5.0 21.7 22.4 0.33

Example 4. Analysis of formal characteristics during mechanical settling

Table 6 shows the results of formal characteristics observed during mechanical settling. The absenteeism rate during set-up was significantly lower as the zeolite content increased. In other words, it can be said that the addition of zeolite increases the efficiency of mechanical settling, as the ratio of normal abandonment during mechanical settling was higher as the amount of zeolite added increased. In addition, in the case of the composition according to the present invention, it has an advantage in that it exhibited a better normal number of aeration compared to control top soil 2.

division normal abandonment
(%) 2 or more
(%) overturned
(%) Missing rate (%) seedling tray Formally Sum control soil 1 63.6 5.2 0.1 6.2 24.9 31.1 control soil 2 72.9 0.1 0.3 8.5 18.2 26.7 invention soil 73.5 0.8 0.2 7.3 18.2 25.5

Example 5. Analysis of the degree of damage when falling

It is shown in Table 7 by observing the degree of breakage during fall. After free fall from a height of 80 cm, the failure rate of the top soil was measured. The degree of damage during fall of the invention medium was much lower than that of the control medium in all ratios including open-air seedlings and non-covered seedlings. The images before and after the fall of the onion seedlings before and after the fall are shown in FIG. 1 .

division Outdoor seedlings (%) Non-covered seedlings (%) Average(%) control soil 1 60 67 63 invention soil 43 30 37

As can be seen in Table 7 and FIG. 1, it was confirmed that the inventive bed soil according to the present invention had a fairly low degree of breakage when falling, thereby providing a suitable top soil composition for storage and movement.

Example 6. Comparison of the quantity of onion prepared

By using the top soil composition of Example 1, control top soil 1 and control top soil 2, onions were grown, and the quantity and defect rate of the products produced were confirmed.

Specifically, for the quantity survey of this example, it was carried out in the farmhouse field located at 145-7 Yongsori, Daeji-myeon, Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongnam (35°51'54' north latitude 128°45'26'' east longitude). For onion varieties, Katamaru (Hyeseong Seed Plus Co., Ltd.) was used, and on September 7, 2017, it was sown with a machine-only planter, and on November 8, 2017, it was formalized with a four-barrel automatic planter (Kubota Korea). . Onion seedlings were planted at 37.5 cm in the morning and 12 cm in the daytime, and the planting frequency was 22.2 weeks/m ² . The loss that occurred during the formal process was not compensated. Onions were harvested by compartment on June 12, 2018 and the quantity was investigated by caliber size. Each quantity was calculated by classifying those with a diameter of 8 cm or more as cod, 6 cm or more and less than 8 cm as Jung-gu, and less than 6 cm as small bulbs. The weighted, subdivided, decayed, and peeled spheres were calculated as the non-commodity quantity. The final absenteeism rate at harvest was investigated by the number of empty holes among all holes of onion seedlings planted in a unit area. Other cultivation methods such as fertilization, pests, and weed management were carried out in accordance with farm household practices. Table 8 shows the results of the quantity survey.

division Product quantity (kg/10a) non-product quantity
(kg/10a) total quantity
(kg/10a) missing rate
(%) Dae-gu Jung-gu globule Sum control soil 1 6,999 101 0 7,100 577 7,677 31.6 control soil 2 6,494 172 0 6,665 630 7,295 28.9 invention soil 7,253 175 0 7,428 665 8,094 22.2

As can be seen in Table 8, the treatment of the composition according to the present invention produced the largest number of cod and the highest total yield. In addition, it was confirmed that the composition suitable for mechanical settling was reduced by at least 6% or more compared to the control tops in terms of missing-out rate.

As can be seen above, the top soil composition according to the present invention provides a top soil composition that can significantly reduce the missing rate during mechanical planting and can help to enable rapid planting. In addition, it has an advantage in moving and storage because it is difficult to damage the top soil by having suitable strength. In addition, it has an advantage in that it produces a high-quality onion product in a high quantity when culturing by mechanical settling, etc. and has a low failure rate. That is, the composition according to the present invention has an excellent advantage in terms of providing a top soil that can maintain marketability while enabling rapid onion production through mechanical planting.

As described above, the present invention has been described through examples. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to understand that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Therefore, it should be understood that the above-described experimental examples are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the following claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and equivalent concepts should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

46.0 to 48.0% of coco peat, 12.6 to 13.4% of peat moss, 8.7 to 9.3% of vermiculite, and 27 to 33% of zeolite. According to claim 1, Coco peat 47.0%, peat moss 13.0%, vermiculite 9.0%, and zeolite 30.0% containing the medium composition for seedlings. According to claim 1, wherein the top soil composition is a top soil composition for onion seedlings, the top soil composition for seedlings. According to claim 1, wherein the top soil composition is a top soil composition for mechanical planting, the top soil composition for seedlings. [Claim 5] A method of growing onions using the medium for hair growth according to any one of claims 1 to 4. (a) after filling the 448 tray pots with the soil composition for seedlings, sowing one seed per each with a planter, covering with the soil composition for seedlings, and watering;
(b) germinating the tray pot prepared in step (a) under light-shielding conditions for 2 to 3 days;
(c) placing the tray pot prepared in step (b) on the seedling;
(d) cutting the tray pot prepared in step (c) so that the length of the leaf becomes 10 to 15 cm each independently 25 days after sowing, 40 days after sowing, and the day before planting during the seedling period;
(e) the step of planting after 50 to 60 days from the date of performing the step of toothing of step (c); The method of claim 6, wherein the method for growing onions comprises: (f) growing onions; and (g) harvesting onions. The method of claim 6, wherein the planting step of step (e) is by mechanical planting.

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