KR20210014960A - Method for Cultivating Mushroom Using Vermiculite, Illite, Pegmatite as mediators that effectively leach harmful components of mushroom cultivation medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method using vermiculite, illite, and pegmatite as a medium for effectively leaching harmful components of a mushroom cultivation medium. The productivity in mixed sawdust medium is increased by adding some (soil) minerals, which are produced in Korea, are easy to process, are less denatured during storage, and have a low purchase price. Toxic substances contained in the sawdust is adsorbed by adding materials having (soil) minerals to the mixed sawdust medium, and thus reactive substances (resins, and polyphenol compounds) are weakened or neutralized, thereby improving the mushroom mycelial culture rate and enhancing fruiting body productivity.

Description

Mushroom cultivation method using Vermiculite, Illite, Pegmatite as mediators that effectively leach harmful components of mushroom cultivation medium}

The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method, and in particular, mushrooms that are produced in Korea to increase productivity in mixed sawdust medium by adding some minerals (soil) that are produced in Korea, which are easy to process, have less deterioration during storage, and are inexpensive to purchase materials It relates to a mushroom cultivation method using vermiculite, illite, and pegmatite as a medium for effectively eluting and desorbing harmful components of a cultivation medium.

Wood mains used for mushroom cultivation (pines, oaks) There are a large amount of physiologically active substances in the bark of trees, so they are used as a source of metabolic energy to protect external insects or when they are alive.

Even if these woody plants are dried and manufactured into sawdust, a large amount of physiologically active substances possessed by them are present without decomposition.

Physiologically active substances present in sawdust, which is the main material for mushroom cultivation, acts as an inhibitory substance for the growth of mycelial culture in mushroom cultivation.

In Korea, oak sawdust is still mainly used in the cultivation of forest mushrooms using sawdust medium such as shiitake.

In mushroom cultivation, since sawdust from oak trees, which contains a large amount of physiologically active substances in the bark, is used as the main material source, physiologically active substances (polyphenol compounds) have a great influence on mushroom mycelium cultivation.

In conventional mushroom cultivation, there is hardly any mention that the physiologically active substance of the tree becomes a problem.

Since the initial establishment and cultivation of mycelium is slower than other edible mushroom varieties, flower mushrooms have a high contamination rate of fungi during cultivation, and the formation of fruiting bodies is not uniform, and a stable production system is achieved. It is not done.

Mushroom cultivation in Korea is recommended to be used after a fermentation period of at least 6 months when using sawdust. Because of this increase, management of sawdust for a long period of time is avoided, and little recognition or research efforts to remove toxic substances present in sawdust have been made.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1385540

In order to solve such a problem, the present invention is a mushroom that increases productivity in a mixed sawdust medium by adding some (soil) minerals that are produced in Korea and are easy to process and are less denatured during storage and are inexpensive to purchase materials. An object thereof is to provide a mushroom cultivation method using vermiculite, illite, and pegmatite as a medium for effectively eluting and desorbing harmful components of the cultivation medium.

A mushroom cultivation method using vermiculite, illite, and pegmatite as a medium for effectively eluting and desorbing harmful components of the mushroom cultivation medium according to the features of the present invention to achieve the above object,

Adding additives when steaming the mixed medium;

Fusing toxic substances by sprinkling treatment;

Further adding the additive when preparing the mixed medium;

Sterilizing the container by filling the mixed medium;

Inoculating a mushroom strain in the sterilized mixed medium; And

Including the step of culturing the inoculated mushroom strain,

The step of adding the additive during the steam treatment,

After mixing sawdust, rice bran, and soybean meal in a predetermined ratio in the mixed medium, mixing one or two or more of minerals such as Vermiculite, Illite, and Pegmatite as the additives It characterized in that it further includes.

A mushroom cultivation method using vermiculite, illite, and pegmatite as a medium for effectively eluting and desorbing harmful components of the mushroom cultivation medium according to the features of the present invention,

During the heat treatment of the mixed medium with steam, the aforementioned (soil) minerals are added at a minimum of 0.6 to 8.0%, and harmful substances present in the sawdust are added to the sawdust in the tongdoli system or in the open steam treatment plant to rotate the tongdol. Allowing harmful substances (bioactive substances of wood) to be adsorbed to the additives by mixing the medium and treating them with high temperature steam;

Afterwards, harmful components are ionized by the (soil) mineral additive through the catalytic action of high-temperature steam to induce ionic bonding with harmful substances, and then the components of harmful substances are leached from sawdust or mixed media source through sprinkling treatment in the next step. Getting out of the way;

Subsequently, when preparing the mixed medium, further adding an additive further;

Sterilizing the container (bottle/bag) filled with the mixed medium;

Inoculating a mushroom strain in the sterilized mixed medium; And

And culturing the inoculated mushroom strain.

During the sterilization process, normal pressure sterilization and high-pressure sterilization are appropriately used.Sometimes, by using the pressure difference of the sterilizer, the remaining toxic components are discharged as much as possible with the discharged steam.After sterilization, a clean positive pressure In this maintained cooling process, the medium temperature is cooled as quickly and as low as possible.

In the previous step of the sterilization process, the mixed medium is mixed with sawdust, rice bran, and soybean meal at a certain ratio, and additives include Vermiculite, Illite, Monmorillonite, and Pegmatite. G-200), humic acid, water-soluble fulvic acid, or a mixture of two or more (soil) minerals added, and additives are ionized to harmful substances due to the catalytic action of high temperature steam. It is characterized in that additional additives are added in the process of allowing the substance to be combined with the additive and performing sprinkling treatment in the next step so that the substituted substance is leached and when the subsequent mixed medium is formed.

According to the above-described configuration, the present invention is to weaken reactive substances (pine resins, polyphenol compounds) by adding a substance having a mineral (soil) to the mixed sawdust medium to adsorb toxic substances contained in the sawdust, or By neutralizing it, there is an effect of increasing the productivity of fruiting bodies by increasing the rate of cultivation of mushroom hyphae.

1 is a view schematically showing the entire process of the mushroom cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the experimental results for the particle size of humic acid (3 to 5 mm granules and fine powder form) added at 3% of the same medium weight in a triangular container or culture bottle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 and 4 show the growth rate (%) with respect to the white change mycelium culture rate (mm) and no addition (control = 100%) in a transparent test tube on the 82nd day after inoculation of the sawdust spawn of the flower mushroom according to the embodiment of the present invention. ).
5 is a test tube control (Tube; No1, No2) and Mix (Tube; 1-H, I, V=A, B, C, D) according to an embodiment of the present invention on the 93rd and 111th days after inoculation. ) Is a diagram showing the cultured hyphae density.
Figure 6 is a culture of the state of the sawdust used in the inoculation test tube (Test Tube) according to the embodiment of the present invention was carried out by dividing it into natural fermented sawdust rather than natural raw sawdust (L mark) It is a diagram comparing the mycelial culture rate and the mycelial accumulation density on the 88th day.
7 is in the bottle 40 days after inoculation of the liquid spawn in the culture of the mycelium according to the presence or absence of additives (1-2% Jirisan Yakdol; G-200) when high-temperature steam treatment on raw pine sawdust according to the embodiment of the present invention It is a diagram showing the state of hyphae culture in the upper part of the medium.
8 is A in four types of experiments in the embodiment of the present invention; For outdoor wild natural fermented sawdust, Old(7Years)1 stored sawdust, Old(7Years)2+ steam-treated sawdust in the wild, Old(7Years)3+ steamed sawdust according to the presence or absence of additives. It is a diagram showing the state of mycelial density in the seed disease on the 82nd day of culture after inoculation of the seed with respect to the state of mycelial accumulation.
9 and 10 are according to the presence or absence of the additive (Illite) treatment in the raw sawdust according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 9 is a view compared to the 63 days after inoculation in the mycelial culture of the spawn disease.
11 and 12 are diagrams showing the mycelial culture rate of oyster varieties after inoculation in a test tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
13 and 14 are mushrooms (fruiting bodies) on the 38th day after inoculation after cultivation was completed and fungus scraping was performed by cultivating oysters by putting 4 types of additives determined to be added to each 1100ml culture bottle according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing the quantity (g).

Throughout the specification, when a part "includes" a certain component, it means that other components may be further included rather than excluding other components unless otherwise stated.

Conventionally, the natural fermentation process relieves toxicity by sprinkling water and turning the sawdust over the sawdust for about 6 months, but there is still a problem of mycelial growth in mycelial culture.

In particular, in the case of flower mushrooms, even if the inoculation source (sow) is inoculated into the medium, the growth rate is slow, so the mycelial culture proceeds slowly, and it interferes with the smooth accumulation of mycelium and the accumulation of nutrients in the mycelium during the hyphae cultivation period. It is a situation that has a great influence on the germination rate and growth of fruiting bodies.

Therefore, the present invention is a physiologically active substance of sawdust of conifers (pine trees) used to establish a high-quality inoculum in order to induce a smooth mycelial culture in mushroom cultivation using sawdust such as oak and pine trees. (In the case of oaks, phenolic compounds containing tannin components, etc.) have a great effect on the establishment and cultivation of mushroom mycelium, so the purpose is to detoxify or mitigate such toxic substances.

In the cultivation of mushrooms, phenolic compounds including pine resins, terpenes, and tannins contained in the bark of trees greatly interfere with the growth of mushroom mycelium.

In the present invention, various additives are mixed with sawdust (pine sawdust, oak sawdust, cottonwood sawdust) used in edible mushroom cultivation (e.g., blossom mushrooms), and then (soil) minerals are added to remove toxic substances. By adsorbing and binding to these ionized minerals, the hyphae is rapidly whitened during the vegetative growth period by adsorbing and binding to the hyphae, thereby rapidly inducing fruiting body vitality, thereby enhancing fruiting body productivity.

1 is a view schematically showing the entire process of the mushroom cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Adding additives when steaming the mixed medium; Fusing toxic substances by sprinkling treatment; Further adding the additive when preparing the mixed medium; Sterilizing the container by filling the mixed medium; Inoculating a mushroom strain in the sterilized mixed medium; And culturing the inoculated mushroom strain, and adding the additive during the steam treatment.

In addition to the medium composition, normal cultivation conditions are as follows. As a container used, the test tube was 20 mm in diameter × 200 mm in length, the bag was thick (0.04 to 0.06) × diameter about 13 cm × length (30 to 35 cm), and the bottle was mainly used as a 1100 ml cultivation bottle or a 1000 ml seed bottle.

Taesung Chemical (Utility Model No. 30-0759446: diameter 60mm) was used as an accessory material for hyphae culture and used for bag bonding.

The inoculated bottle/bag medium was cultured in a basket, and the hyphae culture conditions were 85 to 90% humidity, the CO₂ concentration in the culture room was 1500 ppm or less, and the temperature was 24±3℃ in the dark (about 10 to 20 days). Then, light of 400 to 700Lux was irradiated.

The growth conditions are as follows: after the energy is formed and raised, the lid is opened to move to the growth room where the fruiting body grows, and a white three-wavelength light with an illuminance of 400 to 700Lux and a red LED (3 sets × 16cm intervals, 1 set 3 units power consumption: 3W) It is a growth room equipped with a temperature of 17 to 19°C, humidity of 95 to 85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the growth room is managed at 1500 ppm or less, and fruiting bodies are harvested after about 25 to 35 days.

In the present invention, in the case of flower mushrooms, the mycelial cultivation rate and microbial density were examined in a test tube (diameter 20×200mm, 22×200mm), a 1100ml culture bottle, a 1000ml seed bottle, a bag, etc. for the mycelial culture rate, and finally, only one cycle The quantity of was compared and examined.

The cultivation method of blossom mushrooms of the present invention uses sawdust of various pines (red pine, larch) as the main material, and the content of the medium moisture is in the normal range (50 to 68%), and other mixed medium is formed therein. (Soil) minerals such as Vermiculite, Illite, Monmorillonite, Humic Acid, Pegmatite (Jirisan Pebble, G-200), etc. , High-pressure sterilization process or atmospheric pressure sterilization process, etc. were performed.

(Soil) minerals, which are additives, weaken or neutralize toxic substances contained in sawdust and have an effect on mushroom mycelium cultivation.

An example of the additive is shown in Table 1 below.

2 is a view showing the experimental results for the size of the particle shape of humic acid (Humic Acid) added at 3% of the weight of each medium in a triangular container or culture bottle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the cultivation method of the blossom mushrooms of Example 1, in the mixed medium combination shown in Table 2 below, the water content of the medium was adjusted to a level of 60±5%, and 3% humic acid was added as a dry medium weight. The form was carried out in the form of granules and powder.

Table 2 of Example 1 is a comparison of granules and powder in an experimental zone using a triangular container, and Table 3 is a 1100 ml culture bottle and 3% of granules and powders in different forms of humic acid in the mineral (soil) in the mixed medium. Put in the form. And according to the conventional mushroom cultivation method, the inoculum was used as the sawdust seed, which is a solid seed.

Example 1 described in Table 2 below used the morel mushroom strain (2013-Gombo Dominant 106 strain: the inventor's own secured strain), which is a variety of fast mycelial culture. The morel mushroom strain is one of the strains with the strongest growth (culture) rate among mushrooms.

Table 2 above is the ratio of the composition of the medium, and Table 3 is an experiment on the form and presence or absence of 3% humic acid.

In Example 1, the hyphae culture effect was examined for the form of granules of 2 to 4 mm in diameter and fine powder obtained by crushing them in a comparison of the particle shape of humic acid using the same medium.

It takes a lot of time to confirm the results because the mycelial growth of the flower mushrooms is slow. Therefore, the mycelial growth rate was confirmed with the morel mushroom strain isolated from the wild. The container used was carried out in a 500ml triangular container and a 1100ml culture bottle.

In the triangular flask of Example 1, the photograph shows that a container containing granules having a conventional fertilizer particle size is slower in mycelial culture than a container containing fine powder. The reason is that even if the same volume (3% of the dry matter before water is added, 3% of the amount of dry matter medium) is added, it is not a substance that is easily soluble in water, so it is maintained in a granular state. Therefore, when crushing and using granules in the form of fertilizers for environmentally friendly farming on the market, the powder state with small particles has a relatively larger surface area than the granular particles, so that the force capable of adsorbing/binding toxic substances is greater.

As shown in the photograph of FIG. 2, the experimental results for the particle size of humic acid added at 3% by weight of the toast before adding water in a triangular container or culture bottle are as follows.

The culture rate of the mycelium shows a much faster culture state in the side added by fine powdering than the one added as granules. The reason for this is that as the particle size of the added humic acid decreases, the surface area of the particles increases exponentially, and the adsorption power (cation substitution capacity, CEC) increases. Therefore, it is combined with the harmful substances contained in sawdust and the humic acid. Appears larger.

And as a result of comparison according to the presence or absence of humic acid in a 1100 ml culture bottle, it was confirmed that the hyphae culture proceeded rapidly from the side into which the humic acid was added.

Therefore, in all subsequent experiments, the material used as an additive was used in a fine powder state by crushing the granules. In the case of Korea, where fertility is low in the soil, in particular, in order to use a complex fertilizer used in organic farming in the form of granules for mushroom cultivation, it is necessary to finely crush it and use a filter.

3 shows the rate at which the hyphae progressed on the 82nd day in mm, and FIG. 4 shows the relative percentage when the control of FIG. 3 is 100%. 3 and 4 are diagrams showing the rate and ratio of cultivation of white-colored hyphae on the outside of the test tube by inoculating the sawdust spawn of the flower mushroom according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a control of the test tube according to the embodiment of the present invention. (No1, No2) and Mix (1-H, I, V = A, B, C, D) as a photograph comparing the density of the cultured mycelium on the 93rd day after the inoculation and the 111th day after the inoculation. Compared to the addition, it can be seen that the accumulation of hyphae density is significantly greater in all of the additions. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, which are 82 days after inoculation, in the swell variety of blossoms, the additives and mixed additives (Mix) used in this study showed a slightly slower cultivation rate due to the possible effect of the concentration of the additives, but all added groups were not added. Compared to the (control), the rate of mycelial growth was faster, and among them, the mycelial growth proceeded faster in the place where 3% Illite Powder and 3% Vermiculite Powder were added.

Example 2 is a (soil) mineral as Vermiculite (trade name, Verminuri/GFC, Humic acid-1 (trade name: Primeval Forest/Siobis), Humic acid-2 (trade name: EnviAll granular humic acid/<Co.> Space Corporation) ), Illite (brand name: Illite) and the like were examined for the rate of mycelial culture (mm) with a control without a participant.

The medium composition and culture conditions of Example 2 were cultured under dark conditions of 85% to 90% humidity, a carbon dioxide concentration in the culture chamber of 1500 ppm or less, and a temperature of 23±1° C., while measuring the whitening mycelial culture rate (mm) outside the test tube. Expressed as an average.

The method of cultivation of blossom mushrooms of Example 2 was tested with the medium ratio and wetland content shown in Table 4 below, and no addition (control) as (soil) minerals to the mixed medium (control), illite, vermiculite, humic acid (2 types), etc. All of the substances in powder form were added at each concentration (each added concentration is the ratio of the dry matter before water was added. Additives were 0.6% to 8.0%), and the rate of mycelial growth in the test tube was observed.

Table 5 shows the concentration of the additives contained in the test tube, and the additives are basically added within the range of 0.6% to 8%, respectively, and the filled wet medium amount is 22g (diameter 18mm) to 38g (diameter 20mm).

The results shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 were inoculated with sawdust spawns of blossom mushrooms, and finally evaluated the rate and ratio of cultivation of the outer white deformed hyphae in the test tube on the 82nd day.

The results shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are compared to the control (100%) in the medium (Mix average = 107%, 1-Humic acid powder concentration average = 103%, 2-Humic acid powder concentration average = It was confirmed that the mycelial culture rate was improved at 104%, the average of each concentration of Illite powder = 111%, and the average of each concentration of Vermiculite powder = 114%).

As shown in Fig. 5, it was confirmed that not only the rate of the mycelial culture but also the accumulation of the hyphae was accumulated at a high density.

Figure 5 shows the density of the cultured mycelium in the control (No1, No2) and Mix (1-H, I, V = A, B, C, D) of the test tube at 93 and 111 days after inoculation.

In the control (No1, No2) that is not added to the additive of FIG. 5, the flower mushroom mycelium has very weak mycelial culture characteristics at 93 days and 111 days after inoculation, because toxic substances in sawdust inhibited mycelial growth.

6 shows a similar mycelial accumulation state regardless of the manufacturing period of sawdust in the type of sawdust in Table 5 (Natural Raw Sawdust, fermentation sawdust fermented in a natural state for 2 years), Vermiculite, Humic The hyphae cultures of 2 types of acid, Illite, and Mix(H+I+V) were similar.

In the hyphae concentration, except for the control, the high density of the pure white hyphae was proven to have no side effects on the mycelial culture even when 0.7 to 7.8% Illite was added, showing a completely different pattern from the non-added group. In particular, in the cultivation stage of the flower hyphae, it is called the vegetative growth period, and it induces good results when the vitality is well maintained with the irradiation of light at this time, and fungi are formed after the high-density mycelium is accumulated. This is due to the characteristics of the strain that germinates on the fungus after that step).

In this way, the addition of (soil) minerals allows toxic substances and minerals to be combined while the inorganic substances contained in them are sterilized under the influence of steam during sterilization, reducing the obstacles to mycelial culture in the mixed medium inside the culture vessel. Therefore, it was evaluated because the amount of nutrients required for energy metabolism was increased in each cell in the mycelium by increasing the rate of mycelial culture and increasing the amount of mycelium accumulated.

In Example 3, as shown in FIG. 3 and 4, since rapid mycelial cultivation was performed in Illite Powder and Vermiculite Powder, in this Example, the experiment for each concentration of Illite Powder was conducted as follows. It was conducted separately by fermented sawdust. For each medium, 650g/1 bottle of wet medium (67% to 71%) was entered into the bottle. At this time, the composition of the medium is shown in Table 6 below, and the sterilization is a high-pressure sterilization method, and an autoclave was used, and the steam was discharged for 7 hours so that the toxic substances escaped somewhat.

Table 6 is a comparison result of raw sawdust and fermented sawdust of pine, the main material.

Mixing in a ratio according to the following medium components, the moisture of the medium is 67.0% to 69.5% in the raw sawdust (Natural Raw Sawdust = L mark), and 68.5% to 71.0 in the 2-year old natural bark fermented sawdust (Fermentationt sawdust = F mark). A mixed medium containing% moisture is prepared.

Here, the dry matter weight and ratio of Illite are 0g/0%, 10g/1.54%, 20g/3.08%, 25g/3.85%, 30g/4.62%, 40g/, respectively, based on 650g of hydrated total mixed medium per bottle. By fractionating the medium added at the level of 6.16% and 50g/7.70%, add 22g each into each test tube so that the upper and lower parts of the wet medium have a uniform density by the weight of the wet medium in each test tube (diameter: 20 mm and length 200 mm), and the mycelial culture rate is repeated in two. Was measured. The blossom strain is a domestic swell variety, and about 25 g of each was inoculated into the bag medium as a cultured solid sawdust seed.

As shown in Table 7 below, the average of 109% in the group added with Illite compared to the non-added group (control) of the raw pine sawdust test group in the culture 88th and the group added Illite compared to the non-added group (control) of the fermented pine sawdust test group In the average of 114%, the rate of mycelial culture proceeded rapidly.

As shown in Fig. 6, if the hyphae is cultured quickly, the production of fruiting bodies is rapid, and the fruiting bodies are also multiplied in continuous growth, so the treatment effect of Illite is certain.

6 is a view comparing the mycelial culture rate and the mycelial accumulation density on the 82nd day of culture in an inoculation test tube.

On the other hand, in cultivars with weak hyphae such as blossoms, if the fungal scraping is performed, the contamination rate increases rapidly, and the virility of the fruiting body is delayed by about a month and the productivity decreases. This is because the high density state with high hyphae density leads to good results because there is a characteristic that an original mass is formed quickly only when the hyphae is accumulated and accumulated on the top of the mycelium as shown in the photograph of FIG. 6.

It is known that the used pine sawdust contains a large amount of terphenone compounds including rosin, but when Illite, the (soil) mineral of the present invention is used in the mixed medium, raw sawdust of pine (Natural Raw Sawdust = L mark) However, the two-year-old natural fermented sawdust (Fermentationt sawdust = F mark) showed good results for mycelial growth in all experimental zones where additives were added. In the photograph of FIG. 5, the test tube was marked with raw sawdust (Natural Raw Sawdust = L mark), 2 years old natural raw fermented sawdust (Fermentationt sawdust = F mark).

Overall, the growth rate of mycelial culture was faster in 2-year-old fermented natural bark fermented sawdust (Fermentationt sawdust = F-mark) than pine tree raw sawdust (Natural Raw sawdust = L mark). This is because raw pine sawdust stresses the hyphae because a relatively large number of toxic components remain because the period of sawdust of solid wood is short.

Table 7 shows the mycelial culture and proliferation according to the concentration of Illite in two species of pine sawdust, the main material, using a test tube.

In Example 4, in 2002, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-199428,'The main material, conifers and hardwoods are mixed, 1 kg of larch sawdust is immersed in 5L of water, increased at 121°C for 60 minutes, and then dehydrated, and used as a culture substrate for artificial cultivation of flowers. In Korea, Park Hyeon et al. (2006) stated,'In the method of cultivation of blossom mushrooms using steam-treated coniferous sawdust, the sawdust is stacked on cottonwood and placed in a steamer, followed by a bath treatment for 2 hours so that the generated steam is applied to the sawdust. It is said that there is an effect of promoting mycelial growth.

Table 8 of the present invention, which was supplemented in these two studies, shows that when steam is treated on sawdust using a large-capacity tongdol system, a; steam treatment only for sawdust itself and b as in the present invention; Jirisan yakdol (G-200) was put in a weight of about 1 to 2% based on the total weight, and the steam by a high pressure boiler was treated for about 10 hours. After that, the steam-treated sawdust was taken out from the bucket and placed in a pile, and the steam-treated sawdust (a pile) of high-temperature steam-treated sawdust a and b was treated with water using a sprinkler. Comparing the water-soluble substances leached at this time, it was confirmed that the toxic substances with a much thicker water-soluble substance were leached in the spheres conducted by the method of b (additive; Jirisan Pebble (G-200)) as in the purpose of this study.

It was confirmed that the toxic substances present in the sawdust proceeded with the catalytic action of steam, so that the substitution effect by the additive proceeded better.

Results performed as shown in Tables 8, 9, and 10 are as shown in FIG. 7.

Example 6 was carried out by using the main materials of a and b treated at the time of steam treatment, and bottled in a 1100 ml culture bottle by the conventional method for preparing a medium.

The cultivar used for inoculation was swelling, a domestic cultivar of flower mushrooms, and 25 ml each was inoculated with liquid seeds. On the 40th day after the inoculation, in the mycelial accumulation of the mycelia, as in the purpose of the present invention, 1 to 2% of the additive (Pegmatite Jirisan pebble, G-200) was added together and the mycelium was rapidly accumulated in the experimental zone. It was confirmed that it was formed at high density.

In addition, it is advantageous not to carry out fungal scraping in the cultivation of blossom mushrooms, but because the amount of mycelial accumulation in the mycelia is advantageous for primitive formation, high-density mycelial accumulation is required.

In Example 4 ① sawdust was manufactured for 8 years, and it is Old Sawdust with completely dried sawdust, and no additives referred to in this study were added. ② The old sawdust of ① is loaded outdoors and treated with steam. It is old steam treated sawdust. ③ The old sawdust of ① is treated with high-pressure steam in a tongdol (a kind of cylindrical fermentation machine). Old tongdol steam treated sawdust, ④ Natural fermentation loaded outdoors with natural weathered sawdust after being stacked outdoors for about 10 months. It was carried out by dividing it with sawdust. However, in the mixed medium of ① above, no additives were added as a control, and 1% Pegmatite (Jirisan Yakdol, G-200) was added to the mixed medium of ② and ③ compared to the weight of the dry medium before mixing water before steam treatment. I did. It is a medium to which Illite is added to the mixed medium in ④. The composition of the medium is shown in Table 11 below.

The composition of the medium was performed as summarized in Table 11. For the four different conditions according to the composition of the medium according to Table 11, ① no additives were added to the control, and about 0.6 to 0.7% Illite was added to the dry matter mixed medium in the experimental zones ②, ③, and ④. .

The mycelial density at the middle point of cultivation progressed through the medium composition as shown in Table 11 is 82th after inoculation of blossom mushrooms, type A sawdust (sawdust in open air without rain within 2 years after manufacturing sawdust) and very old sawdust. (7Years Old Sawdust) It was used as a sawdust.

As shown in the picture of Figure 8, the difference according to the state of the sawdust (A: outdoor natural fermented sawdust and Old (7Years) 1 stored sawdust, Old (7Years) 2 + steam-treated sawdust in the stacked state, Old (7Years) 3 + As in the experiment results of steam-treated sawdust, there was little change depending on the condition of sawdust, but in each of the four experiments, the accumulation of hyphae was poor in the one without additive (Control-0g). In Illite-50g/about 0.6 to 0.7%), the accumulation of hyphae was remarkably fast, the whitening of the disease was fast, and the form of the fungal mass, which was a sign of vitality, appeared rapidly.

Example 5 shows the medium composition of Table 12 below and the presence or absence of Illite.

In particular, the amount of Illite added was 522 g to 529 g in the wet medium weight per seed bottle on average, and 21.6 g of Illite was 4.1% based on the average wet weight of 1 medium (to dry medium weight: 1.6%, medium The moisture content of = 60%) was added.

Autoclave was used for sterilization, and a lot of water was put inside, temperature 121℃, pressure 1.2kg.f/cm2, each was carried out 5 times for 4 hours each, and deaeration was sufficiently performed at the end of sterilization. After sterilization, it was cooled overnight and the cooling temperature was maintained at 17°C. As for the seed, 25 g of prepared grain barley inoculum (using 919 inoculation triangular culture-1017) was added.

After inoculation, cancer culture at 24°C was performed, and light irradiation was performed on the 9th day. FIG. 9 of Example 5 evaluated the growth process of fruiting bodies 63 days after inoculation after filling the seed bottle with a medium. As shown in Fig. 8 of Example 5, the density of the hyphae was weak in the control of the raw sawdust and no germination symptoms were observed, but in the bottle added with the raw sawdust + Illite, the hyphae was also accumulated at a high density, and the place where the original mass was formed was cut. As a result, the flower is differentiated from the mass protruding to the outside, and the fruiting body grows vigorously.

If it cannot be formed due to the nature of blossom mushrooms, when entering the growth room

Since a contamination problem occurred, only the original medium was transferred to the growth room for growth. Therefore, Example 5 was carried out by putting only the original energy formed in the place containing the Illite additive into the growth room.

As shown in [Table 12] and [Table 13] below, the results of FIGS. 9 and 10 are Illite (additives) in the mixed medium mainly using raw pine sawdust (74.7% content of the building weight) as the main material. ), there is a large difference in the accumulation of mycelium in mycelial culture, and it has a direct effect on the formation of fruiting bodies.

That is, in the medium without Illite, the mycelial cultivation rate was significantly slow, and the mycelial density was weak, so the amount of mycelial accumulation was so small that sawdust was visible.

In FIG. 10, at 72 and 83 days after inoculation, the growth process was not performed in the non-added group, indicating that the fruiting body was grown only in the experimental group into which the additive (Illite) was added. Considering that harvesting is possible only after 120 days after inoculation in existing research documents, the effect of the additive is clearly proven.

In the mixed medium treated with 4.1% Illite compared to the wet weight of the mixed medium, the growth rate of the hyphae was fast and the accumulation amount was significantly increased, and the formation of energy proceeded remarkably rapidly, resulting in the accumulation of the hyphae, resulting in rapid formation of energy clusters. Finally, the growth of the fruiting body was maintained smoothly, and even the final harvesting stage was ended without rot.

In the experimental results of Example 5, the hyphae was weakened and shriveled in the untreated group without additives, so that the microbial density was so weak that sawdust was visible, so that it could not be moved to the growth chamber.In the experimental group treated with Illite, the number of fruiting bodies was seen to be about 61 g to 101 g, respectively. The average yield of flower mushrooms (fruiting bodies) in the experiment was about 82 g. The cultivation period of the existing blossom mushrooms takes a total of 100 to 120 days for a normal cultivation period (about 90 days) and a growth period (about 30 days), but looking at the test results of Example 5 of this study, mixed medium The harvest was terminated 90 to 103 days after inoculation in a test tube to which Illite was added, and the cultivation period was greatly shortened.

Example 6 examined the oyster cultivar with the shortest cultivation period among edible mushrooms.

Example 6 is a case where red pine sawdust is used as the main material, and each appropriate amount (concentration) of additive-2 (Control: 0%, 3.6% Humic acid Powder, 3.5% Illite Powder, 1.4% Vermiculate, 1.2% Fulvic acid Powder) ) Was prepared.

For the filling amount of the wet weight medium, use a test tube in which 25g is added to a test tube (20 Х 200mm) and 680g is added to a 1100cc culture bottle, and sawdust spawn is used as the inoculum.

The inoculation amount was 2g in a test tube (20 Х 200mm), 35g in a 1100cc culture bottle was inoculated into the top surface and perforated. The cultivation temperature was performed at 24 to 26°C, and the apparent culture of mycelium was recorded for each test tube in the middle of the culture, and dark culture was performed without special light during the oyster hyphae culture period.

After cultivation, microbial scraping was performed and water was carried out, followed by a growth process. The temperature of the growth chamber is 18 to 20°C, and humidification is adjusted to 95 to 85% depending on the state of the fruiting body. Table 14 below shows an example of the composition of the mixed medium of the oyster variety.

In Table 15 and Table 16 below, after preparing the mixed medium of Table 14 mentioned above, a test tube was prepared by additionally mixing 4 kinds of additives and put into a test tube (25g filled) and a bottle (680g filled).

As shown in Table 15, four samples of (soil) minerals were used, and oysters (Hwaseong No. 7 for bottle cultivation) in which cultivation proceeds relatively quickly as shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 were used.

11 and 12 are photographs at the intermediate stage of mycelial culture of oyster cultivar in a test tube (20 × 200 mm) on day 32 after inoculation, and FIG. 11 shows the growth rate (mm) of the mycelium in this test tube.

13 is a photograph at the intermediate stage of growth in a 1100ml bottle, and FIG. 14 is an intermediate stage of the growth process after cultivation is ended in addition of 4 additives to a 1100ml culture bottle, and then the intermediate stage of the growth process. It shows the number of fruiting bodies (g).

The mixed medium of Table 14 was prepared, and finally as shown in Table 15, each test tube (Control, 3.5% Illite Powder, 3.6% Humic acid Powder, 1.4% Vermiculate, 1.2% Soluble Fulvic acid) was prepared, respectively.

In mycelial culture using a test tube, all of them showed better mycelial culture rate (mm) compared to the control group, and among them, the mycelial culture rate was the fastest in the 3.5% Illite Powder test tube. In addition, the same mixed medium is bottled in 1100 ml culture bottles with a weight of 680 g of wet media, and at the time when the apparent culture is completed (27 days after inoculation) in all 1100 ml culture bottles, water is supplied while scraping the bacteria (removing the upper inoculum and debris). And entered the growth room to induce germination by turning the bottle over.

After the fruiting body germinated, the bottle was placed in a normal state to grow the fruiting body. It was harvested on the 38th day after oyster inoculation (the 11th day after entering the growth room), and the fruiting body weight was measured.

The yield of fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms was faster than the control (100%) in the test tube of the mixed medium containing 3.5% Illite Powder and 1.4% Vermiculate, and the number of fruiting bodies was increased to 113% and 116%, respectively.

As in the results of the overall experiment of this study, the addition of at least 0.5% to maximum 7.8% of Illite Powder and Vermiculate Powder based on the weight of the dry matter medium before adding water to the mixed medium speeds up the cultivation of mushroom hyphae. In proportion to this, it was confirmed that fruiting bodies were also increased.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and improvements by those skilled in the art using the basic concept of the present invention defined in the following claims are also provided. It belongs to the scope of rights.

Claims (5)

Adding additives when steaming the mixed medium;
Fusing toxic substances by sprinkling treatment;
Further adding the additive when preparing the mixed medium;
Sterilizing the container by filling the mixed medium;
Inoculating a mushroom strain in the sterilized mixed medium; And
Including the step of culturing the inoculated mushroom strain,
The step of adding the additive during the steam treatment,
After mixing sawdust, rice bran, and soybean meal in a predetermined ratio in the mixed medium, mixing one or two or more of minerals such as Vermiculite, Illite, and Pegmatite as the additives Mushroom cultivation method, characterized in that it further comprises. The method of claim 1,
The additive is in the form of a granule or a fine powder, and the method of cultivating a mushroom further comprising the step of accelerating the mycelial culture rate according to the concentration of the additive. The method of claim 1,
Mushroom cultivation method, characterized in that it further comprises the step of adding additives of at least 0.5% to maximum 7.8% of Illite Powder and Vermiculate Powder based on the weight of the dry matter medium before adding water to the mixed medium. The method of claim 1,
Adding 1% to 2% jiri-san yakdol (Pegmatite) based on the weight of the dry matter medium before adding water when steaming the mixed medium; And
Mushroom cultivation method, characterized in that it further comprises the step of melting a dark brown water-soluble substance that is a toxic substance by sprinkling treatment. The method of claim 1,
Adding an additive when steaming the mixed medium,
Mushroom cultivation method further comprising the step of adding the additive at a minimum of 0.6 to 0.8% during heat treatment with steam to the mixed medium so that harmful substances are adsorbed to the additive.

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