KR20210004107A - Breeding method of Dicranocephalus adamsi Pascoe - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for breeding Dicranocephalus adamsi, which enables indoor breeding of Dicranocephalus adamsi. In addition, a breeding method of the present invention establishes an optimal food source and dormancy breaking conditions during breeding of Dicranocephalus adamsi larvae and imagoes, such as growth and spawning, thereby enabling year-round mass breeding of Dicranocephalus adamsi. Therefore, active application of Dicranocephalus adamsi can be expected in the domestic insect breeding industry and the 6th industry using the same.

Description

Breeding method of Dicranocephalus adamsi Pascoe}

The present invention relates to an indoor breeding method of deer beetle for mass production of deer beetle.

Emotional insects are defined as insects used in the 6th industry by activating cognitive, emotional, and physical functions such as pets, experiential learning, theme parks, healing, etc., with the concept of using them emotionally through the influence of insects on humans. As for the development status, 15 kinds of breeding methods such as Uldo Sky Cattle, butterflies, waterfowl, and stag beetles have been established, and methods for use of exhibitions and events such as breeding guidelines and customized breeding kits are being developed. Development of contents for learning related to the curriculum and psychology of using crickets Although the healing effect has been verified, the results of research and development are not sufficiently utilized by farms.

Although the number of insect farmers and infrastructure is increasing year by year in Korea, various insect species with secure breeding technology are insufficient, and there is a tendency to hesitate to try to breed new insects, and illegal trade of indiscriminate alien insects, capture and sale of wild individuals, etc. Inconsistent behavior against morality has resulted in diseases of traditional pet insects such as longevity beetles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology for breeding insect species that farmers and consumers want, to prepare and expand a support system for emotional insect education farms, and to activate consumers and research organizations.

As insects are attracting attention as future agricultural resources such as food, functional materials, and agricultural materials, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock promotes modernization of insect breeding facilities, builds an insect seed distribution center, operates an insect distribution business group, promotes the value of insects, designates an institution specialized in insects, and the insect industry. It is actively promoting policies to foster the insect industry while conducting cluster research services. In addition, in recent years, the revision of the enforcement ordinance of the Building Act requiring construction permits for insect breeders was completed, the definition of insect production, processing, and distribution business was clarified, and the Insect Industry Promotion Act was revised and initiated, including the establishment of the insect seed distribution center. The livestock farming law, which includes insects that can be distributed and sold in livestock, was revised.

Insect species with high industrial potential in Korea include 63 species such as yellow dragonfly as insect resources for emotion, education, and learning, 12 species for pollen mediation, 23 species for natural applications, 8 insect resources using useful substances, food and medicine, feed. A total of 143 species, including 31 insect resources, are listed, but the number is very small compared to known insect types.

In particular, fewer species have developed breeding technology for mass breeding throughout the year. Currently, the insect species that are industrially produced and distributed in Korea are limited to a few species, such as longevity beetle, stag beetle, white-spotted iris, brown gooseberry, and twin star cricket. Therefore, in order to further develop industrially, it is considered necessary to select more insect resources and develop breeding techniques for each useful insect use. Therefore, this study was conducted to select insect species that can be used as emotional, educational, and learning insect resources that are considered to have a wide range of use among useful insect use fields, and to secure basic data for the development of indoor breeding technology.

The deer beetle (Dicranocephalus adamsi Pascoe) is an insect belonging to the Order of the Order of the Beetle and the Irisaceae family. It is the only flower bush on the Korean peninsula with antlers. It is a beautiful insect with antler-shaped antlers. There is no success story. In particular, males have a strong fighting spirit and often compete with other males using their horns. Regardless of males and females, when they feel threatened, they spread their forelimbs to inflict a threat, so it is highly likely to be used as a pet. In addition, deer beetles are distributed in Korea, China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, and occur once a year. Adult insects appear and disappear briefly in May and June, and are not observed in some areas, making them extremely rare in Korea.

Overseas advanced countries are also strategically fostering the insect industry, and recently, the insect industry is expanding into a new growth industry, such as diversifying application fields through technological convergence. In particular, in the UK, environmental conservation education and tourism industry are linked, China and Canada are exploring various edible and/or medicinal insects and developing and putting them into practical use, and in China, the United States, and Japan, green tourism such as the operation of insect ecological resources. We are developing new materials from industries and insects, and developing technologies for use through interpretation of insect genetic information. In the field of learning and pet insects, small-scale insect exhibition halls are in operation in the United States at the initial stage of research, and the beetle market is largely formed in Japan, and various exhibition halls are operated and breeding technology development, breeding standards and standards for companies and farms are developed. Standards are being established systematically. In China, the feed and edible insect market is dominant, and facilities such as Phalaenopsis Garden (Butterfly Garden) are operated by region.

Accordingly, the present inventors have tried to provide the deer beetle for the activation of human emotional functions such as pets, experiential learning, theme parks, healing, etc. by studying a method of breeding deer beetles, which are not yet reared, for the continuous development of the emotional insect market.

Choi, Y. C., Kim, N. J. Park, I. G., Lee, S. B. and Hwang, J. S. 2011. The value of insects. RDA Interrobang 4. 20pp

The technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a method of breeding deer beetles indoors.

However, the technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned problems, and other problems that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a deer beetle breeding method comprising the following steps:

(1) hatching deer beetle eggs to obtain larvae; (2) breeding the larva to obtain a pupa; (3) obtaining an adult worms by emulating the pupae; And (4) inducing mating and spawning of the adult insects.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the breeding of step (2) may be performed in a 1 to 3 liter breeding container, and preferably may be performed in a 2 liter breeding container.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the breeding of step (2) may be to breed 1 to 5 larvae in the breeding container, and more specifically, 1 to 2 if the capacity of the breeding container is 1 liter, In the case of 2 liters, it may be to breed 1 to 3 larvae, and in the case of 3 liter, it may be to breed 1 to 5 larvae, and economically, preferably, it may be to breed 1 to 3 larvae in a 2 liter breeding container. .

As another embodiment of the present invention, the breeding container may be filled with fallen leaves to a thickness of 1 to 10 cm, preferably 4 to 6 cm, more preferably may be a breeding container filled with fallen leaves of 5 cm.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the rearing container filled with fallen leaves may be one filled with 1 to 5 cm, preferably 3 cm of Masato at the lower end of the fallen leaf layer, and then filled with fallen leaves at the top.

In another embodiment of the present invention, step (3) may include (a) treating the pupa at a low temperature of 1 to 10° C. for 30 to 150 days, and the step (a) is preferably It may be a low-temperature treatment of 1 to 8 ℃ for 30 to 90 days, more preferably may be a low-temperature treatment of 4 ℃ for 30 to 60 days.

In another embodiment of the present invention, step (3) may include storing the pupae after step (a) at a temperature of 20 to 30° C. for (b) 30 to 90 days, and the ( Step b) may be preferably storing the pupae passed through step (a) at a temperature of 25° C. for 60 days.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the mating and spawning induction of step (4) may be performed in a spawning container of 10 to 30 liters, and preferably may be performed in a spawning container of 20 liters of capacity.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the step (4) may be to induce mating and spawning by rearing adult worms so that the ratio of male and female to the spawning container is 1-5:1 (male:male), preferably May be reared in a ratio of 3 to 5:1, more preferably 4:1.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the spawning container of step (4) can fill the fallen leaves to a thickness of 5 to 15 cm, preferably 9 to 11 cm, more preferably a spawning container filled with fallen leaves of 10 cm Can be

As another embodiment of the present invention, the scattering container filled with fallen leaves may be one filled with 1 to 10 cm, preferably 5 cm of Masato at the lower end of the fallen leaf layer, and then filled with fallen leaves at the top.

As yet another embodiment of the present invention, the fallen leaves to be filled in the breeding container or spawning container may be oak leaves, sterilized fallen leaves, dry fallen leaves or fermented fallen leaves.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the dried leaves may be dried for 24 to 72 hours by solar heat, preferably dried for 48 hours.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the fermented fallen leaves may be ripened for 6 to 30 months, preferably 12 to 24 months.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the fermented fallen leaves may be fallen leaves obtained by treatment with an EM agent on fallen leaves collected in a natural state and fermented at 50 to 70° C. for 24 to 72 hours, preferably 60 after treatment with an EM agent. It may be fermented for 48 hours at ℃.

The present invention provides an effective breeding method for deer beetles to enable indoor breeding of deer beetles, and the breeding method of the present invention establishes an optimal food source and dormant breakdown conditions during breeding such as growth and spawning of deer beetle larvae and adults. This makes it possible to mass rear deer beetles year-round, so it is expected that the deer beetle is actively applied to the domestic insect breeding industry and the sixth industry using it.

1 is a graph showing the number of spawning deer beetles and spawning period.
Figure 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the spawning number and spawning period of the deer beetle according to the spawning mat.
3 is a graph showing a comparison of the weight change of deer beetle larvae according to breeding density.
4 is a graph showing a comparison of the number of spawning deer beetles according to the capacity of the spawning container.

From 2016 to 2018, deer beetle physiology and ecological characteristics are known to occur nationwide, but it was found to only appear in some areas, such as Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jangtaesan, Daejeon, Uijeongbu, and Yangpyeong. This is thought to be because the number of deer beetles is gradually decreased, since it is found only for about 10 days at one place from mid-May to June when the adult deer beetle occurs in nature as early as possible. In fact, in the Daejeon area, in the final report on the establishment of protection measures for protected wildlife in Daejeon Metropolitan City in 2010, deer beetles inhabit a lot in mixed forests at the beginning of the mountain, and larvae feed on decaying vegetable organic matter. It has been reported that the number of the population is greatly decreasing due to the wind, and the Ministry of Environment has designated it as a specific wild animal and plant (Gon-23) to be protected.

The inventors of the present invention have been studying the methods of breeding insects that are not yet to be reared for the continuous development of the emotional insect market, while breeding containers for growing deer beetle larvae, breeding density, food, etc., spawning mats for inducing spawning of adult deer beetles. , By adjusting the size of the spawning container and the ratio of male and female, it was confirmed that it is possible to effectively breed deer beetles, and the present invention was completed.

Thus, the present inventors provide a method for breeding a deer beetle comprising the following steps:

(1) hatching deer beetle eggs to obtain larvae;

(2) breeding the larva to obtain a pupa;

(3) obtaining an adult worms by emulating the pupae; And

(4) Inducing mating and spawning of the adult.

In order to investigate the physiological and ecological characteristics of the deer beetle, which is the only one on the Korean peninsula, which has a rarity as a flower bush with antlers, the present inventors collected adult deer beetles from Jangtaesan in Daejeon and induce spawning. The total number of spawning per female scarab was 27.7 (maximum 39), and the spawning period was 33.6 days. In addition, female deer beetles are known to spawn in egg nests after building an egg nest by digging a burrow on the surface.The deer beetle reared indoors spawned 1-2 eggs in the egg nest, and the egg period was 11.8 days. The hatching rate of eggs was as low as 45.1%, and the hatched larvae molten twice and dissolved into pupa after 3 years of age. The growth period of larvae was 11.8 days in 1 year old, 14.5 days in 2 years old, and 29.4 days in 3 years old. As for the pupa, it was confirmed that 3 instar mature larvae built a pupa nest using Masato under fallen leaves and dissolved, the melting rate was 64.7%, and it was found that the pupa evolved into an adult after an 8-month pupa period (Example 1 -1 and 2-1).

Therefore, in the present invention, the step (1) may be performed for 10 to 13 days, preferably 11 to 12 days, and the step (2) includes all of the larval development periods of 1, 2, and 3 Including it may be performed for 50 to 60 days.

In the present invention, steps (1) and (2) may be performed under 16:8 (L:D) light conditions at a temperature of 20 to 30 °C, preferably 25 (±1) °C.

Subsequently, the present inventors compared fallen leaves, humus, oak fermented sawdust, and coco peat in order to investigate the optimal food for breeding and spawning deer beetles.As a result, as a spawning mat, there are many eggs in fallen leaves or fallen leaves + Masato, and the period It was confirmed that this is the most preferable (see Examples 1-2 and 2-2).

Accordingly, in the present invention, the spawning container or the breeding container may be filled with fallen leaves, and may be filled with Masato and fallen leaves, and may be filled with Masato first and then filled with fallen leaves on the top. The fallen leaves to be filled in the container may be oak leaves, and it is preferable that the fallen leaves are ripe for less than 3 years. Further, the fallen leaves are preferably non-sterilized fallen leaves, and may be dried fallen leaves or fermented fallen leaves fermented with an EM agent.

In addition, the present inventors investigated the optimal density and size of the container for breeding deer beetle larva, and as a result of increasing the breeding density, the growth of the larvae slowed down and the survival rate decreased. It was found that culturing 1 to 3 mice in a container of may increase the growth rate of an individual with a high survival rate (see Examples 1-3 and 2-3).

Therefore, the breeding of step (2) of the present invention is not limited to its capacity if it is a breeding container suitable for indoor breeding, but it may be preferably carried out in a breeding container of 1 to 3 liters, and is economical and convenient to manage. For this, it may be carried out in a 2 liter breeding container.

In addition, the breeding of step (2) of the present invention may be to breed 1 to 5 larvae in the breeding container, and more specifically, if the capacity of the breeding container is 1 liter, 1 to 2 heads, 2 liters In the case of 1 to 3, and in the case of 3 liters, 1 to 5 larvae may be reared, and economically, preferably, 1 to 3 larvae may be reared in a 2 liter breeding container.

Furthermore, the present inventors investigated the effect of the male and female ratio in the spawning container and the spawning container on the spawning of deer beetles, and as a result, the spawning container size did not affect the number of spawning, and it rarely spawns in fallen leaves of 2 years or more. It was found that the number of scattering was the highest at the ratio of male and female to 4:1 (see Examples 1-4 and 2-4).

Therefore, the mating and spawning induction of step (4) of the present invention may be performed in a spawning container suitable for indoor breeding, and the capacity of the spawning container is not limited, but preferably a spawning container of 10 to 30 liters It can be carried out in, more preferably can be carried out in a scattering container with a capacity of 20 liters. In addition, the ratio of the male and female deer beetle in the spawning container may be 1 to 5:1, preferably 3 to 5:1, and more preferably 4:1.

Next, the present inventors tried to induce an effective fable by investigating the dormancy breakdown condition of the deer beetle pupa. As a result, deer beetle pupae had the highest allergic rate of 60% in storage at 4℃ for 30 and 60 days, and the allegory rate tended to decrease after 90 days. At 8℃, the emergence rate was highest at 47% at 30 days, and thereafter showed a tendency to decrease. It was confirmed that no fable was possible at 25℃, and most of them died. In addition, it was found that the working conditions hardly affect the emergence rate (see Examples 1-5 and 2-5).

Therefore, step (3) of the present invention should include the step of storing (storing) the pupa under dormant breaking conditions for the emergence of the pupa, specifically (a) the pupa at 1 to 10°C for 30 to 150 days. It may include a step of low-temperature treatment. In addition, it is possible to induce the emergence of the pupae by including the step of storing the pupae after the step (a) at a temperature of 20 to 30°C for (b) 30 to 90 days.

Finally, the present inventors investigated the optimal food source for effective rearing of the beetle larvae, deer beetle larvae develop normally in dry and fermented leaves, and sterile fallen leaves and oak sawdust have poor growth and high mortality. Was observed, from which it was found that dried and fermented leaves are preferable as food for larvae (see Examples 1-6 and 2-6).

In the present invention, various transformations can be applied and various embodiments can be applied, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description below. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to a specific embodiment, it is to be understood to include all conversions, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention. In describing the present invention, when it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may obscure the subject matter of the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[Example]

Example 1. Experimental method

1-1. Physiological and ecological characteristics of deer beetle

In order to investigate the physiology and ecological characteristics of the deer beetle, adult deer beetles were collected from May to June every year from May to June, and from January to March, they were called habitats to identify wintering insects. Ten places of 3m in length and width were designated for the area where the expected oak leaves were piled up, and the deer beetle's wintering predicament under the fallen leaves was confirmed. The collected adult deer beetles were reared at an insect breeding room (25±1℃16:8 L:D) at the Jamsa Insect Test Center (Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do). At the same time as collecting the collected adult insects, a living box (a pair of males and females was added to 10 liters to induce spawning, and as a spawning mat, Masato and coco peat were mixed in a ratio of 7:3 and laid on the floor in a height of about 5cm, and collected in a natural state. Fallen leaves were laid out about 10cm, and the spawning characteristics such as the number of spawning, spawning period and hatching rate were investigated every day while feeding bananas and insect-only jelly as food, and the spawned eggs were collected separately and kept in a circular plastic (￠10×10cm) breeding container. The hatched larvae were placed in a container to induce hatching, and the hatched larvae were reared using a circular plastic (￠10×10cm) breeding container, and Masato was laid on the floor about 3cm, and fallen leaves were placed on top of it as food. Growth characteristics such as weight, length, body width, head width, utilization rate, growth period, and survival rate were investigated every day until they became adults while maintaining proper moisture. Fallen leaves were collected in areas dominated by oak trees, where deer beetles live. Then, it was dried under sunlight for 2 to days, then made into a little coarse powder and stored, and when supplied as food, water was sufficiently absorbed and used.

1-2. Selection of optimal spawning mats and caterpillars

In order to select the proper spawning mat and larvae food for the growth of deer beetle, the spawning mat used fallen leaves, humus, oak fermented sawdust, and coco peat, and the spawning box used a 10ℓ-sized living box. In the treatment method, each material was filled in a living box of about 10 cm, and a pair of male and female deer beetles were collected and raised for generations, and insect jelly and banana were supplied as food, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. In addition, the comparison was made with the treatment with only these materials as the scattering mat and the treatment with Masato spreading about 5cm each as in the natural state under these materials. The breeding conditions were 25±1℃ 16:8 L:D in an insect breeding room (3×3m), and the number of eggs laid for each treatment and the survival of adults were examined every day. In addition, using the same material as food for the hatched larvae, lay about 3cm of Masato in a 1L-sized circular plastic breeding container, put each material to a depth of about 5cm on it, and breed the hatching larvae repeatedly 10 times for each individual. The developmental characteristics of were investigated. For the characteristics of larvae development, the weight, length, body width, and head width of the larvae were examined during the larval development period, and the survival rate was confirmed.

1-3. Growth characteristics of deer beetle larvae according to breeding density and breeding container

In order to select the proper breeding density and breeding container size of the deer beetle larvae, the larvae were reared in three sizes of 1L, 2L, or 3L with different breeding densities from 1 to 5 animals in each container. The test was repeated for each treatment, and a circular plastic container was used as the breeding container. First, on the bottom of the container, Masato and coco pea were mixed in a ratio of 7:3 and laid about 3cm, and then the deciduous powder stored in front was covered with about 5cm, and then sufficiently moistened and used as food for larvae. The growth characteristics of the larvae for each treatment were investigated while maintaining the humidity using a sprayer so that the fallen leaves were neither too humid nor dry. For larval development characteristics, the weight, length, body width, and head width of the larvae were examined daily, and survival was confirmed.

1-4. Number of spawning according to spawning container size and male to female ratio

In order to secure the number of spawning deer beetle, the spawning number of the spawning vessel was investigated by varying the size of the spawning container and the male and female ratio. The spawning mat was mixed with masato and coco peat in a ratio of 7:3, laid about 5cm on the floor, and covered about 10cm with fallen leaves. The spawning containers used 10, 20, 30, and 40ℓ living boxes and were repeated 3 times. As for the fallen leaves, shrubs including oak and pine occupy about 80% each year in 2016, 2017, and 2018, and the rest are collected by scraping and bagging fallen leaves accumulated about 10 to 20 cm in the area where mainly arbors are located. As the fallen leaves that were put in and stored at room temperature to ripen, the leaves having different degrees of maturity (1 to 3 years) were used for comparison. The male and female ratio was treated as 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 (male:male) in 2017, and 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 ( It was treated at a female:male) ratio, and compared with group rearing at a 20:5 (male:male) ratio. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.

After treatment, the eggs laid for each treatment were collected and investigated at intervals of one week during the spawning period from May to July. While investigating the number of scattering for each treatment, the humidity was maintained using a sprayer so that the fallen leaves were neither too humid nor dry, and the survival of adult insects was confirmed.

1-5. Allegory rate by storage conditions for dormancy breakdown

The dormancy breakdown of the stag beetle pupa was investigated by varying the storage temperature and storage period. Low temperature was 25 ℃ as a control 4 ℃ and 8 ℃, the storage period was 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days, 5 treatments were performed. In addition, the working conditions were 8L:16D, 12L:12D, and 16L:8D 3 treatments. For cold storage, 4 cold rep chambers were used. The emergence rate was converted to the allegory rate, including the adult insects that broke the pupa's nest by taking them out at low temperature and placing them in the breeding room at 25°C for 60 days, and finally, including the live adult insects after artificially breaking the pupa's nest.

1-6. Development characteristics of deer beetle larva according to food sources

For the stable development of the deer beetle larvae, the development status according to the food source was compared and analyzed. The food source was treated with 4 treatments such as dry leaves, fermented leaves, and sterile leaves as a control using oak fermented sawdust. Dried fallen leaves are fallen leaves collected in natural conditions and dried for 48 hours with sunlight. Fermented fallen leaves are leaves collected in nature, treated with EM agent, and fermented in a dryer at 60℃ for 48 hours, and 120℃ After 20 minutes of sterilization in an autoclave, the number of test insects was individually reared for each treatment, and the growth characteristics were investigated. Individual breeding was carried out in an insect breeding room (25±1°C 16:8 L:D) using a 1 liter round plastic container. For the developmental characteristics, the weight and size of the larvae (length, width, head width, etc.), dissolution rate, and survival rate were investigated for each treatment period. On the other hand, the EM (Effective Micro-organism) agent used to manufacture the fermented fallen leaves is a useful microorganism provided by the Buan-gun Agricultural Technology Center, and is a complex microbial preparation consisting of 12 lactic acid bacteria and 1 yeast (original title; Korea, Jeonbuk, Iksan City, Seojin Bio) is cultured, and the dominant species among 12 lactic acid bacteria is lactobaccilus clanturm (10 ⁸ /g).

Example 2. Results and discussion

2-1. Physiological and ecological characteristics of deer beetle

As a result of investigating the spawning and development characteristics of deer beetle indoors, the total number of spawning per female was 27.7, and the spawning period was 33.6 days (Fig. 1). It was confirmed that the female deer beetle digs burrows on fallen leaves and ground and builds a house with a diameter of 2-3 cm with fallen leaves and humus so that half a nest of eggs enters the burrow and lays eggs therein. Therefore, the number of spawning was lower and the spawning period tended to be shorter than that of the Irisaceae insects that lay about 100 eggs.

In addition, the period of deer beetle eggs reared indoors was 11.8 days, the egg hatching rate was as low as 45.1%, and the hatched larvae escaped twice and became a pupa after 3 years of age in view of the size of the head. The growth period of larvae was 11.8 days in 1 year old, 14.5 days in 2 years old, and 29.4 days in 3 years old. In the pupa, it was confirmed that 3 instar mature larvae built a pupa nest using Masato under the fallen leaves and dissolved. The pupation rate was 64.7%, and the pupa period elapsed 8 to months until April of the following year, and then emerged as adults (Table 1). ).

The reason for the low hatching rate is considered to be the result of physical shock, such as breakage of eggs during the investigation process, and it is thought that a review of the breeding environment such as temperature, humidity and feeding conditions is considered necessary. In addition, if the pupate is kept at 25℃, it does not emerge as an adult and dies, so it appears that it can emerge as an adult insect only after the wintering period. It was assumed that he was dormant while doing.

The size of the stag beetle was 12.3mm, 2nd 19.9mm, 3rd 35.1mm, and the head width was 2.1mm, 2nd 3.2mm, and 3rd 4.6mm. It was 0.5g in 2nd instar and 2.0g in 3rd instar. Adults tended to be slightly smaller than females 21.3mm, body width 14.1mm, head width 2.0mm, and body weight 2.0g. Males body length 25.9mm, body width 17.7mm, head width 2.2mm, and body weight 2.5g (Table 2).

Spawning water
(dog) Spawning period
(Work) Hatching rate
(%) Development period (days) Dissolution rate
(%) egg 1 order 2nd order 3rd order pupa 27.7 33.6 45.1 11.8 11.8 14.5 29.4 265
(August to April) 64.7

division Length (mm) Body width (mm) Head width (mm) Weight(g) larva 1 order 12.3±1.58 4.3±0.46 2.1±0.11 0.1±0.03 2nd order 19.9±3.75 7.2±1.26 3.2±0.19 0.5±0.25 3rd order 35.1±3.71 11.3±0.87 4.6±0.16 2.0±0.51 imago cancer 21.3±2.76 14.1±2.07 2.0±0.14 2.0±0.27 Number 25.9±1.96 17.7±1.79 2.2±0.16 2.5±0.21

2-2. Selection of suitable spawning mat and larvae food

The number of spawning by deer beetle spawning mat was the highest at 27.7 in fallen leaves and masa + fallen leaves treatment, and no spawning was done in humus and coco peat, and the number of spawning was as small as 13 in oak fermented sawdust (Fig. 2).

As a result of supplying each material as food for larvae and investigating the growth characteristics of larvae (Table 3), the weight of larvae per larvae's prey grew normally in the treatment of fallen leaves and Martha + leaves, and humus and coco peat did not grow, 100 % Died. In oak fermented sawdust, the growth was sluggish, and the survival rate was lower than that of the fallen leaves treatment, and the fermentation was possible, but it was not able to emerge as an adult. This was not developed as an adult when only oak fermented sawdust was used as food for larvae at a temperature of 25℃, and the adult emergence rate was 73.3% in the medium with 50% humus and 86.7% in the medium with 75% humus. It is estimated that the deer beetle larvae prefer fallen leaves to oak fermented sawdust, as a result similar to the report that it could be reared normally without any difference in size from those collected in nature.

division Larva weight by larva feeding (g) death rate
(%) 7/6 7/13 7/18 7/25 Fallen leaves 0.7 1.2 2.0 2.3 0 Humus 0.2 0.2 - - 100 sawdust 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.9 33.3 Coco peat 0.2 - - - 100 Martha + Fallen Leaves 0.7 1.2 1.9 2.4 11.8 Martha + humus 0.2 - - - 100 Martha + sawdust 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.3 16.7 Martha + Coco Feet 0.2 - - - 100

2-3. Growth characteristics of deer beetle larvae according to breeding density and breeding container

As a result of investigating the breeding density of deer beetle larvae and the growth characteristics of larvae according to breeding container size, the breeding density was fast and the survival rate was high when the breeding density was raised one by one in a breeding container. Also tended to decrease (Figure 3). In addition, in the size of the breeding container, up to 2 animals were developed normally at 1 ℓ size, and up to 3 animals at 2 ℓ size, and up to 5 animals at 3 ℓ (Table 4). This makes it possible to estimate that group breeding is possible at an appropriate density according to the size of the breeding container, and when converted based on 3 animals per 2ℓ, it is estimated that up to 30 animals per 20ℓ can be reared. In addition, in the case of individual breeding, a small container should be used in consideration of economical efficiency, but if it is too small, there is a disadvantage in that the amount of work is increased because food must be supplied while the larva is growing. In fact, 1ℓ size and 2ℓ size 2 or more had to be supplemented with food about 1-2 times. Therefore, it is judged that a size of about 2ℓ, which is normally developed even with one feed supply, is suitable for individual breeding. However, considering the breeding space and economics, it is thought that it is necessary to determine whether to breed individual or group breeding, and it is absolutely necessary to control the moisture content of the food. Therefore, an appropriate amount of moisture control is necessary. We believe that a sufficient review is needed in the future.

Breeding container Breeding density Larva weight by breeding density (g) death rate
(%) 7/6 7/10 7/13 7/17 7/20 7/24 7/27 7/31 8/3 8/7 1ℓ One 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.0 time 0 2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 time 25 3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.8 - 33 4 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 - 50 5 0.02 0.06 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 60 2ℓ One 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.9 2.0 time 0 2 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 time 0 3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.5 time 22 4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.8 1.2 1.3 33 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 40 3ℓ One 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.1 time 0 2 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.9 time 0 3 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.8 time 22 4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.7 time 32 5 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 time 20

2-4. Number of spawning according to spawning container size and male to female ratio

In order to secure the spawning water of deer beetle, the number of spawning vessels was investigated by varying the size of the spawning vessels, and the most common spawning vessels were from 20ℓ to 40, followed by 10ℓ28, 30ℓ28, 40ℓ19 and 50ℓ21. The spawning period took 30~days. Mating was achieved immediately after the male and female couples were put in, and spawning started from 7 days after mating, and spawning was almost achieved within 30 days after mating, and there was a tendency to decrease after 20 days (FIG. 4). The number of spawning is estimated to be no significant difference from 20 to 40, and about 20ℓ is considered to be suitable for a suitable spawning container for a pair of males and females.

In addition, the number of spawning according to the degree of maturation of fallen leaves rarely spawned in fallen leaves in 2016, and adult insects died, and there was no difference in the number of spawning in fallen leaves in 2017 and 2018 (Table 5). Therefore, it is judged that adult deer beetle prefers the deciduous layer with relatively less ripening than the old and fully ripened deciduous layer in the natural state, and this is presumed to be because hatched larvae prefer the less ripened leaf as food.

The number of spawning according to the male and female ratio of deer beetle was the highest at 43 in the 2:1 (male:male) ratio as a result of the 2017 test, and the higher the female ratio, the higher the number of laying eggs (Table 6). In addition, as a result of the test in 2018, the number of spawning was the highest with 82 at 4:1 (male:male), and the number of spawning decreased to 55 at 5:1 (male:male). In addition, when group rearing of 20 females and 5 males at a ratio of 4:1, the number of laying eggs was 49, which was more than 3:1 42 and less than 5:1 55 (Table 7). This was similar to the result that spawning was good when the female ratio was high in group breeding of white spotted flowers. Therefore, it is judged that the male and female ratio of 4:1 (male:male) for securing the number of spawning deer beetles is appropriate.

division Number of eggs laid by treatment (heads/container) 2016 fallen leaves 2017 fallen leaves 2018 fallen leaves 20ℓ 3 49 a 40 a 30ℓ 0 15 c 27 b 40ℓ 0 32 b 30 b

division imago
inoculation Laying water (horse/vessel) Spawning period (days) 5/26
~6/1 6/1
~6/8 6/8
~6/15 6/15
~6/22 6/22
~6/29 6/29
~7/6 7/6
~7/13 system Female2 male1 5/26 16 11 13 3 0 0 0 43 a 26 Female 1 male 1 5/26 6 8 5 One One 0 One 22 b 43 Female 1 male 2 5/26 5 10 2 One 0 0 One 19 b 46 Female 1 male 3 5/26 3 9 8 5 0 0 0 25 b 27

division Number of scattering by male and female ratio Cancer 1
Number 3 Cancer 1
Number 2 Cancer 1
Number 1 Cancer2
Number 1 Cancer 3
Number 1 Cancer 4
Number 1 Cancer 5
Number 1 Cancer20
Number 5 Imago vaccination day
(Mon/Sun) 5/26
(2017) 5/26
(2017) 5/26
(2017) 5/26
(2017) 4/17 4/17 4/17 4/17 Laying water (horse/vessel) 25 19 22 43 42 82 55 49

2-5. Allegory rate by storage conditions for dormancy breakdown

The deer beetle pupae had the highest allegory rate at 60% when stored at 4℃ for 30 days and 60 days, and the allegory rate tended to decrease after 90 days. At 8℃, the emergence rate was highest at 47% at 30 days, and thereafter showed a tendency to decrease. At 25℃, they did not fable, and most died. In addition, there was no significant difference in the allegory rate according to the working conditions (Table 8). In general, deer beetles, which have been cultivated in September, are kept in an unheated place during the winter winter season, and then taken out around January and placed at room temperature above 25℃ to become an adult. From the above, it is judged that the deer beetle must go through a low-temperature dormancy period because it does not become an adult under normal temperature conditions. Therefore, if the pupae are taken out after 30 days or more at a minimum of 4°C and placed at 25°C or more for 60 days, it is considered that mass breeding is possible by sufficiently shortening the period.

Storage temperature (℃) Allegory rate according to storage period (%) 30 days 60 days 90 days 120 days 150 days 4 60 a 60 a 53 b 30 c 20 d 8 47 a 40 ab 40 ab 20 b 10 c 25 2

2-6. Development characteristics of deer beetle larva according to food sources

As for the growth status of deer beetle larvae according to the food source, dry leaves (solar heat 48 hours) and fermented leaves (EM 48 hours) developed normally, and the mortality rate was low, but sterile leaves (high pressure sterilizer 120℃, 20 minutes) and oak Fermented sawdust had a tendency to delay growth and a high mortality rate of 50% or more (Table 9). Therefore, as described above, it was found that the deer beetle larvae prefer the organic matter in which the fallen leaves are ripe rather than the decayed wood such as oak fermented sawdust under natural conditions.

division Weight of larvae by period (g/horse) death rate(%) 6/12 6/20 6/28 7/5 7/12 7/19 7/26 Dry fallen leaves 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.7 pupa 28.6 Fermented fallen leaves 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.6 pupa 33.3 Sterile fallen leaves 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0(time) 50.0 Oak sawdust 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0(time) 53.8

As described above, a specific part of the present invention has been described in detail, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, it is obvious that this specific technology is only a preferred embodiment, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. something to do. Therefore, it will be said that the practical scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (11)

(1) hatching deer beetle eggs to obtain larvae;
(2) breeding the larva to obtain a pupa;
(3) obtaining an adult worms by emulating the pupae; And
(4) Inducing mating and spawning of the adult insects; Including,
When rearing larvae and inducing mating and spawning of larvae in steps (2) and (4), the food of each larva and adult is fallen leaves, and the fallen leaves are from the group consisting of ripe fallen leaves, dried fallen leaves, fermented fallen leaves, and mixtures thereof. It is characterized in that it is one or more selected fallen leaves,
The ripe fallen leaves are fallen leaves obtained by storing them at room temperature for 1 year or more and less than 3 years at room temperature, and the fermented fallen leaves are treated with an effective microorganism agent (Effective Microorganism: EM) on fallen leaves collected in nature. Deer beetle breeding method, characterized in that the fallen leaves fermented for 24 to 72 hours at 50 to 70 ℃.
The method of claim 1,
The breeding of step (2) is characterized in that 1 to 5 larvae are reared in a 1 to 3 liter breeding container.
The method of claim 1,
The breeding of step (2) is characterized in that it is carried out in a breeding container filled with fallen leaves to a thickness of 1 to 10 cm, deer beetle breeding method.
The method of claim 3,
The breeding of step (2) is characterized in that it is carried out in a breeding container filled with Masato to a thickness of 1 to 5 cm at the bottom and a lead leaf to a thickness of 1 to 10 cm at the top.
The method of claim 1,
The step (3) comprises the step of (a) treating the pupa at a low temperature of 1 to 10° C. for 30 to 150 days, deer beetle breeding method.
The method of claim 5,
The step (3) comprises the step of storing the pupae at a temperature of 20 to 30° C. for 30 to 90 days after the step (a) and (b).
The method of claim 1,
The step (4) is characterized in that inducing mating and spawning in a spawning container of 10 to 30 liters, deer beetle breeding method.
The method of claim 1,
The step (4) is characterized in that inducing mating and spawning by rearing adult insects so that the ratio of male and female to the spawning container is 1-5:1.
The method of claim 1,
The step (4) is characterized in that it is carried out in a spawning container filled with fallen leaves to a thickness of 5 to 15 cm, deer beetle breeding method.
The method of claim 9,
The step (4) is characterized in that it is carried out in a spawning container filled with Masato to a thickness of 1 to 10 cm at the bottom and a lead leaf to a thickness of 5 to 15 cm at the upper end.
The method according to any one of claims 3, 4, 9, and 10,
The fallen leaves are non-sterilized dry leaves or fermented leaves, characterized in that, deer beetle breeding method.

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