KR20150057159A - 수직 자기터널접합을 포함하는 자기 기억 소자 - Google Patents
수직 자기터널접합을 포함하는 자기 기억 소자 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20150057159A KR20150057159A KR1020130140135A KR20130140135A KR20150057159A KR 20150057159 A KR20150057159 A KR 20150057159A KR 1020130140135 A KR1020130140135 A KR 1020130140135A KR 20130140135 A KR20130140135 A KR 20130140135A KR 20150057159 A KR20150057159 A KR 20150057159A
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- layer
- magnetic
- blocking layer
- electrode
- tunnel junction
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 232
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 337
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 50
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 39
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 39
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 39
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 10
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910019236 CoFeB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102100035420 DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101000804122 Homo sapiens DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUBSQCSIIDQXLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt platinum Chemical compound [Co].[Pt].[Pt].[Pt] GUBSQCSIIDQXLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- FQMNUIZEFUVPNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Co] FQMNUIZEFUVPNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018979 CoPt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Zn] Chemical compound [Mg].[Zn] PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGDWHDKHJKZZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt nickel Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni] ZGDWHDKHJKZZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019227 CoFeTb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002441 CoNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018936 CoPd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015187 FePd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005335 FePt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZDZZPLGHBXACDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Co] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Co] ZDZZPLGHBXACDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMPDGKPFUQVSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co].[Gd] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Gd] BMPDGKPFUQVSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005316 antiferromagnetic exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- QYHKLBKLFBZGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron magnesium Chemical compound [B].[Mg] QYHKLBKLFBZGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- VABUPYFNWNQKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dysprosium iron Chemical compound [Fe][Co][Dy] VABUPYFNWNQKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/14—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements
- G11C11/15—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements using multiple magnetic layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/161—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect details concerning the memory cell structure, e.g. the layers of the ferromagnetic memory cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/80—Constructional details
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Mram Or Spin Memory Techniques (AREA)
- Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2 및 도 3은 본 발명의 실시예들에 따른 자기 터널 접합을 설명하기 위한 도면들이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 자기기억소자를 나타내는 단면도이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따른 자기 기억 소자를 나타내는 단면도이다.
도 6은 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따른 자기 기억 소자를 나타내는 단면도이다.
도 7 및 도 8은 본 발명의 실시예들에 따른 자기터널접합의 일부를 구성하는 제1 수직 자성 구조체를 설명하기 위한 단면도들이다.
도 9 및 도 10은 본 발명의 실시예들에 따른 자기터널접합의 일부를 구성하는 제2 수직 자성 구조체를 설명하기 위한 단면도들이다.
도 11 및 도 12는 본 발명의 실시예들에 따른 반도체 장치를 포함하는 전자 장치들을 도식적으로 설명하기 위한 도면들이다.
TBR: 터널 배리어 MTJ, MTJ1, MTJ2: 자기터널접합들
UMC: 단위 메모리 셀 SW: 선택 소자
L1, L2, 118: 배선들 100: 기판
FRL: 자유층 PNL: 고정층
102: 제1 유전막 104: 하부 콘택 플러그
106: 제1 전극 110: 시드층
108, 108a, 108b: 블로킹층들 112: 캐핑층
114: 제2 전극 116: 상부 콘택 플러그
120: 제2 유전막 130: 제1 고정층
132: 제1 교환결합층 134: 제2 고정층
140: 제1 자유층 142: 제2 교환결합층
144: 제2 자유층
Claims (10)
- 터널 배리어를 사이에 두고 서로 이격된 제1 수직 자성 구조체 및 제2 수직 자성 구조체;
상기 제1 수직 자성 구조체를 사이에 두고 상기 터널 배리어로부터 이격된 전극; 및
상기 제1 수직 자성 구조체와 상기 전극 사이의 블로킹층(blocking layer)을 포함하되,
상기 블로킹층은 비정질의 금속 화합물을 포함하는 자기 기억 소자. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 블로킹층은 상기 블로킹층의 증착 단계에서 비정질이고, 상기 블로킹층의 증착 이후에 수행되는 어닐링 공정에 의해 결정화되지 않고 비정질을 유지하는 자기 기억 소자. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 블로킹층은 강자성 원소, 비금속 원소, 및 비자성 금속 원소를 포함하는 자기 기억 소자. - 청구항 3에 있어서,
상기 강자성 원소는 코발트, 철, 및 니켈 중 적어도 하나이고,
상기 비금속 원소는 보론 및 질소 중 적어도 하나이고,
상기 비자성 금속 원소는 Ta, W, Nb, Ti, Cr, Zr, Hf, Mo, Al, Mg, Ru, 및 V 중 적어도 하나인 자기 기억 소자. - 청구항 4에 있어서,
상기 블로킹층은 CoFeBTa인 자기 기억 소자. - 청구항 3에 있어서,
상기 블로킹층 내의 상기 비자성 금속 원소의 비율은 15wt% 내지 50wt%인 자기 기억 소자. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 블로킹층의 두께는 20Å 이하인 자기 기억 소자. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 제1 수직 자성 구조체와 상기 블로킹층 사이의 시드층을 더 포함하고,
상기 블로킹층은 상기 시드층의 일면에 접하는 자기 기억 소자. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 전극은 제1 전극이고, 상기 블로킹층은 제1 블로킹층이고,
상기 제2 수직 자성 구조체를 사이에 두고 상기 터널 배리어로부터 이격된 제2 전극; 및
상기 제2 수직 자성 구조체와 상기 제2 전극 사이의 제2 블로킹층(blocking layer)을 더 포함하되,
상기 제2 블로킹층은 비정질의 금속 화합물을 포함하는 자기 기억 소자. - 청구항 9에 있어서,
상기 제1 수직 자성 구조체와 상기 제1 블로킹층 사이의 시드층; 및
상기 제2 수직 자성 구조체와 상기 제2 블로킹층 사이의 캐핑층을 더 포함하되,
상기 제1 블로킹층은 상기 시드층의 일면에 접하고, 상기 제2 블로킹층은 상기 캐핑층의 일면에 접하는 자기 기억 소자.
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020130140135A KR102124361B1 (ko) | 2013-11-18 | 2013-11-18 | 수직 자기터널접합을 포함하는 자기 기억 소자 |
US14/473,334 US9397286B2 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2014-08-29 | Magnetic memory devices having perpendicular magnetic tunnel structures therein |
CN201410659744.4A CN104658593B (zh) | 2013-11-18 | 2014-11-18 | 具有垂直磁隧道结构的磁存储器装置 |
US15/185,693 US9691967B2 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2016-06-17 | Magnetic memory devices having perpendicular magnetic tunnel structures therein |
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KR1020130140135A KR102124361B1 (ko) | 2013-11-18 | 2013-11-18 | 수직 자기터널접합을 포함하는 자기 기억 소자 |
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KR20150057159A true KR20150057159A (ko) | 2015-05-28 |
KR102124361B1 KR102124361B1 (ko) | 2020-06-19 |
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US9397286B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
CN104658593A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
US20160301000A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
US20150137287A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
KR102124361B1 (ko) | 2020-06-19 |
US9691967B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
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