KR102641467B1 - Medium for tomato nutrient solution cultivation - Google Patents
Medium for tomato nutrient solution cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- KR102641467B1 KR102641467B1 KR1020210112802A KR20210112802A KR102641467B1 KR 102641467 B1 KR102641467 B1 KR 102641467B1 KR 1020210112802 A KR1020210112802 A KR 1020210112802A KR 20210112802 A KR20210112802 A KR 20210112802A KR 102641467 B1 KR102641467 B1 KR 102641467B1
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- South Korea
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- tomatoes
- hydroponic cultivation
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B11/00—Fertilisers produced by wet-treating or leaching raw materials either with acids in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solutions followed by neutralisation, or with alkaline lyes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/20—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for preventing the fertilisers being reduced to powder; Anti-dusting additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
본 발명은 토마토 양액재배용 배지에 관한 것이다.
본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지는 코코피트, 고흡수성비드, 미생물 담체 및 혼합비료를 포함한다.
상기한 구성에 의해 본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지는 토마토의 생장을 촉진하고, 비료 또는 수분의 흡수 효율이 향상되어 토마토의 생산량이 증대되며, 폐기 시 배지에서 야기되는 환경오염의 우려없이 친환경적으로 토마토를 재배할 수 있다.The present invention relates to a medium for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes.
The medium for tomato hydroponic cultivation according to the present invention includes coco peat, highly absorbent beads, microbial carrier, and mixed fertilizer.
With the above configuration, the tomato hydroponic cultivation medium according to the present invention promotes the growth of tomatoes, improves the absorption efficiency of fertilizers or moisture, increases tomato production, and is environmentally friendly without concerns about environmental pollution caused by the medium when discarded. You can grow tomatoes.
Description
본 발명은 토마토 양액재배용 배지에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 코코피트 및 생육촉진용 첨가물을 혼합하여 배지를 제조하고 상기 배지에서 토마토를 재배함으로써, 토마토의 생장을 촉진하고, 비료 또는 수분의 흡수 효율이 향상되어 토마토의 생산량이 증대되며, 폐기 시 배지에서 야기되는 환경오염의 우려없이 친환경적으로 토마토를 재배할 수 있는 토마토 양액재배용 배지에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a medium for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes, and more specifically, to prepare a medium by mixing coco peat and growth promotion additives and to grow tomatoes in the medium, thereby promoting the growth of tomatoes and the absorption efficiency of fertilizers or moisture. This improvement increases the production of tomatoes, and it relates to a tomato hydroponic cultivation medium that allows tomatoes to be grown in an environmentally friendly manner without concerns about environmental pollution caused by the medium when discarded.
최근 건강에 대한 관심의 고조와 함께 먹거리에 있어서도 인체에 유해한 농약이 사용된 농산물을 회피하고 비교적 고가이더라도 농약이 사용되지 않은 친환경 유기농산물을 선호하는 추세에 있다. 이에 더하여, 수입 농산물에 대한 불신, 유전자 변형 농산물(GMO)의 유해성 논란 등이 증가하면서, 일반 가정에서도 옥상이나, 베란다, 실내에서 자신이 취식하기 위한 채소 등의 유기농산물을 직접 재배하는 것에 관심을 갖는 가구가 증가하고 있다.With the recent increase in interest in health, there is a trend in food to avoid agricultural products containing pesticides that are harmful to the human body and to prefer eco-friendly organic products that do not use pesticides, even if they are relatively expensive. In addition, as distrust of imported agricultural products and controversy over the harmfulness of genetically modified agricultural products (GMOs) increase, even ordinary households are interested in growing organic produce such as vegetables for their own consumption on rooftops, verandas, or indoors. The number of households with
예를 들어, 원예작물의 양액재배는 토양을 이용하지 않는 재배 방법으로 생육에 필요한 영양 성분(다량 및 미량원소)을 적절하게 흡수할 수 있도록 알맞은 조성과 농도로 조절된 배양액을 식물에 공급해주며 재배하는 방법이다. 이러한 양액재배는 물만으로 재배하는 순수 수경 재배(水耕栽培)와 배지(인공토양)에 심어 재배하는 배지경 수경재배가 있으며, 배양액을 만들어 재배하기 때문에 용액 재배(Solution Culture)고도 한다.For example, hydroponic cultivation of horticultural crops is a cultivation method that does not use soil. It supplies plants with a culture solution adjusted to the appropriate composition and concentration so that they can properly absorb nutrients (major and trace elements) necessary for growth. This is how to do it. There are two types of hydroponic culture: pure hydroponic culture, which is cultivated with only water, and subculture hydroponic culture, which is cultivated by planting in a medium (artificial soil). Since it is grown by making a culture medium, it is also called solution culture.
한편, 전통적인 작물의 재배방식인 토양재배는 과도한 농약, 화학비료의 남용, 휴경기 없는 다모작 재배 등에 의해 계속적으로 토양환경이 악화되어 생산성이 저하되는 등의 한계에 직면하여, 이를 극복하기 위한 일환으로 무토양 양액재배가 개발 보급되었다.Meanwhile, soil cultivation, which is a traditional crop cultivation method, faces limitations such as the continuous deterioration of the soil environment due to excessive pesticides, abuse of chemical fertilizers, and multi-crop cultivation without fallow periods, leading to decreased productivity, and as a part of overcoming these limitations, Soilless hydroponic cultivation was developed and spread.
현재까지 양액재배에 사용되는 배지로는 비닐 포장이 용기를 겸하도록 만들어져 있고 주로 수입에 의존하고 있는 암면 또는 코코피트만으로 제조한 완제품 배지와 개별 농가에서 나름대로 사용할 수 있도록 입자별로 선별 포장되어 시판되고 있는 질석, 피트모스, 펄라이트, 왕겨 훈탄, 수피 등의 반제품 상태의 배지 원료 등이 이용되고 있다.To date, the media used in hydroponic cultivation include plastic packaging that doubles as a container, finished media made from rock wool or coco peat, which are mainly imported, and commercial media that are individually packaged and packaged by particle for individual farmers to use on their own. Semi-finished medium raw materials such as vermiculite, peat moss, perlite, rice husk, and bark are used.
종래 양액재배용 배지는 백 컬쳐(bag culture) 방식으로 재배상의 설치가 간단하고 양액관리가 용이한 점 등으로 인하여 무기물인 암면을 이용한 암면 배지가 주로 이용되었으나, 암면 배지는 원재료로 사용되는 현무암 등을 전량 수입에 의존하기 때문에 배지가격이 비싸고, 재사용 비율이 낮으며, 사용후 폐기시 환경오염이 유발되는 등의 단점이 있었다.Conventionally, rockwool culture medium using inorganic rock wool was mainly used due to the bag culture method, which is simple to install on the cultivation bed and easy to manage the nutrient solution. However, rockwool medium is made of basalt, etc., which is used as a raw material. Because it was entirely dependent on imports, there were disadvantages such as high media prices, low reuse rate, and environmental pollution when disposed of after use.
이러한 암면을 대체할 배지로서 유기질인 피트모스를 이용하기도 하였지만, 피트모스는 점결제를 사용하지 않으면 압축화나 성형이 잘되지 않을 뿐만 아니라 전 세계적으로 그 자원의 고갈로 인하여 배지 가격이 비싼 등의 문제점이 있었다.Organic peat moss was used as a medium to replace rock wool, but peat moss had problems such as not only not being compressed or molded well without the use of a binder, but also the medium being expensive due to the depletion of its resources worldwide. .
또 다른 유기물 배지인 펄라이트 배지는 성형화된 스티로폼 배지에 펄라이트를 채워서 작물을 재배하는 방식인데, 장기사용이 가능하여 생산비를 절감할 수 있는 장점이 있으나, 근권의 적정 양수분 관리가 어렵고, 완충 능력이 미흡하여 사용 도중에 염류 집적이 되기 쉬우며, 장해 발생시 그 처리가 힘들고, 작기 변경 시 폐기 작물의 뿌리 제거가 어려우며, 재배 후 배지의 소독이 어려운 등의 단점이 있어 최근에는 농가에서 그 사용을 기피하고 있는 실정이다.Perlite medium, another organic medium, is a method of growing crops by filling a molded Styrofoam medium with perlite. It has the advantage of reducing production costs as it can be used for a long period of time, but it is difficult to manage appropriate water in the root zone and has a low buffering capacity. Due to its shortcomings, it is easy for salts to accumulate during use, it is difficult to treat when a problem occurs, it is difficult to remove the roots of discarded crops when changing the cropping season, and it is difficult to disinfect the medium after cultivation. Recently, farmers have avoided using it. There is a situation.
또한, 코코피트는 제품별로 물리성이 상이하며 물관리가 까다롭고, 질석은 지나치게 보수력이 높으며, 왕겨 훈탄은 과도한 양분 흡수력과 염분 등이 단점으로 지적되어 왔다.In addition, coco peat has different physical properties depending on the product and is difficult to manage with water, vermiculite has an excessively high water holding capacity, and rice husk coal has been pointed out as having disadvantages such as excessive nutrient absorption and salt content.
본 발명은 코코피트 및 생육촉진용 첨가물을 혼합하여 배지를 제조하고 상기 배지에서 토마토를 재배함으로써, 토마토의 생장을 촉진하고, 비료 또는 수분의 흡수 효율이 향상되어 토마토의 생산량이 증대되며, 폐기 시 배지에서 야기되는 환경오염의 우려없이 친환경적으로 토마토를 재배할 수 있는 토마토 양액재배용 배지를 제공하는데 있다.The present invention promotes the growth of tomatoes by preparing a medium by mixing coco peat and growth promotion additives and cultivating tomatoes in the medium, and increases the production of tomatoes by improving the absorption efficiency of fertilizers or moisture. The goal is to provide a tomato hydroponic cultivation medium that allows tomatoes to be grown in an environmentally friendly manner without concerns about environmental pollution caused by the medium.
본 발명이 해결하고자 하는 다양한 과제들은 이상에서 언급한 과제들에 제한되지 않으며, 언급되지 않은 또 다른 과제들은 아래의 기재로부터 당업자에게 명확하게 이해될 수 있을 것이다.The various problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.
본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지는 코코피트, 고흡수성비드, 미생물 담체 및 혼합비료를 포함한다.The medium for tomato hydroponic cultivation according to the present invention includes coco peat, highly absorbent beads, microbial carrier, and mixed fertilizer.
상기 코코피트 80 내지 120 중량부, 고흡수성 비드 5 내지 10 중량부, 미생물 담체 1 내지 3 중량부 및 혼합비료 3 내지 7 중량부의 중량 비율로 혼합한 후 압축, 성형하여 제조될 수 있다.It can be manufactured by mixing 80 to 120 parts by weight of coco peat, 5 to 10 parts by weight of highly absorbent beads, 1 to 3 parts by weight of microbial carrier, and 3 to 7 parts by weight of mixed fertilizer in a weight ratio, followed by compression and molding.
상기 혼합비료는 장석 5 내지 10 중량부, 고령토 8 내지 12 중량부, 탄산칼륨 1 내지 5 중량부, 구연산 2 내지 6 중량부, 인광석 3 내지 7 중량부, 아몬드피 1 내지 3 중량부 및 난각 1 내지 3 중량부의 중량 비율로 포함될 수 있다.The mixed fertilizer includes 5 to 10 parts by weight of feldspar, 8 to 12 parts by weight of kaolin, 1 to 5 parts by weight of potassium carbonate, 2 to 6 parts by weight of citric acid, 3 to 7 parts by weight of phosphate, 1 to 3 parts by weight of almond blood, and 1 eggshell. It may be included in a weight ratio of from 3 to 3 parts by weight.
기타 실시 예들의 구체적인 사항들은 상세한 설명에 포함되어 있다.Specific details of other embodiments are included in the detailed description.
본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지는 토마토의 생장을 촉진하고, 비료 또는 수분의 흡수 효율이 향상되어 토마토의 생산량이 증대되며, 폐기 시 배지에서 야기되는 환경오염의 우려없이 친환경적으로 토마토를 재배할 수 있다.The tomato hydroponic cultivation medium according to the present invention promotes the growth of tomatoes, increases the production of tomatoes by improving the absorption efficiency of fertilizers or moisture, and allows tomatoes to be grown in an environmentally friendly manner without fear of environmental pollution caused by the medium when discarded. there is.
본 발명의 기술적 사상의 실시예는, 구체적으로 언급되지 않은 다양한 효과를 제공할 수 있다는 것이 충분히 이해될 수 있을 것이다.It will be fully understood that embodiments of the technical idea of the present invention can provide various effects that are not specifically mentioned.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지를 보여주는 사진이다.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지를 이용하여 토마토를 재배하는 일 예를 보여주는 사진이다.Figure 1 is a photograph showing a medium for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a photograph showing an example of growing tomatoes using a tomato hydroponic cultivation medium according to the present invention.
본 발명의 이점 및 특징, 그리고 그것들을 달성하는 방법은 상세하게 후술되어 있는 실시예를 참조하면 명확해질 것이다. 그러나 본 발명은 여기서 설명되는 실시예들에 한정되지 않고 다른 형태로 구체화될 수도 있다. 오히려, 여기서 소개되는 실시예들은 개시된 내용이 철저하고 완전해질 수 있도록 그리고 당업자에게 본 발명의 사상이 충분히 전달될 수 있도록 하기 위해 제공되는 것이다.The advantages and features of the present invention, and methods for achieving them, will become clear with reference to the embodiments described in detail below. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be embodied in other forms. Rather, the embodiments introduced herein are provided so that the disclosure will be thorough and complete and so that the spirit of the invention can be sufficiently conveyed to those skilled in the art.
본 출원에서 사용한 용어는 단지 특정한 실시예를 설명하기 위해 사용된 것으로, 본 발명을 한정하려는 의도가 아니다. 단수의 표현은 문맥상 명백하게 다르게 뜻하지 않는 한, 복수의 표현을 포함한다.The terms used in this application are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
다르게 정의되지 않는 한, 기술적이거나 과학적인 용어를 포함해서 여기서 사용되는 모든 용어들은 본 발명이 속하는 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 의해 일반적으로 이해되는 것과 동일한 의미가 있다. 일반적으로 사용되는 사전에 정의되어 있는 것과 같은 용어들은 관련 기술의 문맥상 가지는 의미와 일치하는 의미가 있는 것으로 해석되어야 하며, 본 출원에서 명백하게 정의하지 않는 한, 이상적이거나 과도하게 형식적인 의미로 해석되지 않는다.Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by a person of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related technology, and should not be interpreted as having an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application. No.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지에 대하여 바람직한 실시예를 들어 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the attached drawings, the medium for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes according to the present invention will be described in detail with preferred embodiments.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지를 보여주는 사진이고, 도 2는 본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지를 이용하여 토마토를 재배하는 일 예를 보여주는 사진이다.Figure 1 is a photograph showing a medium for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes according to the present invention, and Figure 2 is a photograph showing an example of cultivating tomatoes using a medium for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes according to the present invention.
도 1 및 도 2를 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지는 코코피트, 고흡수성비드, 미생물 담체 및 혼합비료를 포함한다.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the tomato hydroponic cultivation medium according to the present invention includes coco peat, highly absorbent beads, a microbial carrier, and a mixed fertilizer.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지는 코코피트 80 내지 120 중량부, 고흡수성 비드 5 내지 10 중량부, 미생물 담체 1 내지 3 중량부 및 혼합비료 3 내지 7 중량부의 중량 비율로 혼합한 후 압축, 성형하여 제조될 수 있다.In addition, the tomato hydroponic cultivation medium according to the present invention is mixed in a weight ratio of 80 to 120 parts by weight of coco peat, 5 to 10 parts by weight of highly absorbent beads, 1 to 3 parts by weight of microbial carrier, and 3 to 7 parts by weight of mixed fertilizer and then compressed. , can be manufactured by molding.
상기 코코피트는 야자열매(coconut)의 껍질 부위에서 야자섬유를 뽑고난 후 자연상태에서 부식시킨 다음 압축 성형하여 제조될 수 있는데, 상기 코코피트를 얻기 위해 자연상태에서 부식되는 기간 동안에 식물 성장에 장애가 될 수 있는 탄닌성분과 염분이 빠져나가 식물 생장에 유용한 자원으로 사용되고 있다.The coco peat can be manufactured by extracting the coconut fibers from the shell of the coconut, corroding them in a natural state, and then compression molding them. During the period of corroding in the natural state to obtain the coco peat, plant growth is hindered. The tannin and salt that can be removed are used as a useful resource for plant growth.
상기 코코피트는 보수력이 높고, 통기성이 좋으며 코코피트를 얻기 위한 부식과정에서 식물에 해로운 성분이 감소하고, 식물 생장에 필요한 영양성분이 증가되어 식물 재배용의 인공토양의 성분으로 널리 사용되고 있다.The coco peat has a high water holding capacity and good breathability, and the components harmful to plants are reduced during the corrosion process to obtain coco peat, and the nutrients necessary for plant growth are increased, so it is widely used as a component of artificial soil for plant cultivation.
본 발명에서 상기 코코피트의 구성은 공지의 기술인바, 설명의 편의 및 본 발명의 기술적 사상의 명확성을 위하여 이에 대한 구체적인 설명은 생략하기로 한다.Since the configuration of the coco peat in the present invention is a known technology, detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience of explanation and clarity of the technical idea of the present invention.
상기 고흡수성비드는 수분이나 영양분을 빠른 속도로 흡수 및 보유하고, 상기 고습수성비드에 흡수된 수분이나 영양분은 배지 내에서 재배되는 토마토에 장기간에 걸쳐 일정하게 공급될 수 있다.The highly absorbent beads absorb and retain moisture or nutrients at a rapid rate, and the moisture or nutrients absorbed by the highly absorbent beads can be supplied consistently to tomatoes grown in the medium over a long period of time.
예를 들어, 상기 고흡수성비드는 하기의 방법으로 제조된 고흡수성비드가 사용될 수 있다.For example, the super-absorbent beads may be super-absorbent beads manufactured by the following method.
상기 고흡수성비드를 제조하기 위하여, 먼저, 수용성 에틸렌계 불포화 단량체, 셀룰로오스계 화합물, 카르복시(C1-C5)알킬 키토산, 자몽종자추출물, 친수성 첨가제 및 가교제가 일정한 중량비율로 혼합된 혼합용액을 제조할 수 있다.To prepare the superabsorbent beads, first, prepare a mixed solution in which water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers, cellulose compounds, carboxy (C1-C5) alkyl chitosan, grapefruit seed extract, hydrophilic additives, and crosslinking agents are mixed at a constant weight ratio. You can.
상기 단계에서 상기 수용성 에틸렌계 불포화 단량체는 흡수성 중합체에 사용되는 통상의 수용성 에틸렌계 불포화 단량체가 사용될 수 있는데, 예를 들어, 메타아크릴산, 무수말레인산, 크로톤산, 이타콘산, 2-아크릴로일에탄 술폰산, 2-메타아크릴로일에탄술폰산, 2-메타아크릴로일프로판술폰산 또는 2-메타아크릴아미드-2-메틸 프로판 술폰산의 음이온성 단량체와 그 염; 메타아크릴아미드, N-치환메타아크릴레이트, 2-히드록시에틸메타아크릴레이트, 2-히드록시프로필메타아크릴레이트 및 메톡시폴리에틸렌글리콜메타아크릴레이트로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상이 사용될 수 있다.In this step, the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be a typical water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in absorbent polymers, for example, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, and 2-acryloylethane sulfonic acid. , anionic monomers of 2-methacryloylethanesulfonic acid, 2-methacryloylpropanesulfonic acid, or 2-methacrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and salts thereof; Any one or more selected from the group consisting of methacrylamide, N-substituted methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate may be used.
상기 셀룰로오스계 화합물은 완전생분해가 가능한 환경 친화적인 천연섬유로 무독성인 고흡수성비드를 제조할 수 있는 것으로, 예를 들어, 상기 셀룰로오스계 화합물은 메틸 셀룰로오스, 에틸 셀룰로오스, 프로필 셀룰로오스, 카복시메틸 셀룰로오스, 하이드록시에틸 셀룰로오스, 메틸하이드록시에틸 셀룰로오스, 메틸하이드록시프로필 셀룰로오스 및 에틸하이드록시에틸 셀룰로오스로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상이 사용될 수 있다.The cellulose-based compound is a completely biodegradable, environmentally friendly natural fiber that can produce non-toxic highly absorbent beads. For example, the cellulose-based compound includes methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydrogel. Any one or more selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose, and ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose may be used.
상기 카르복시(C1-C5)알킬 키토산은 고흡수성비드에 항균성을 부여하기 위하여 첨가되는 것으로, 셀룰로오스와 유사한 체인구조를 가지고 있는데, 예를 들어, 상기 카르복시(C1-C5)알킬 키토산은 카르복시메틸 키토산 또는 카르복시에틸 키토산 중에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상이 사용될 수 있다.The carboxy(C1-C5)alkyl chitosan is added to impart antibacterial properties to the superabsorbent beads and has a chain structure similar to cellulose. For example, the carboxy(C1-C5)alkyl chitosan is carboxymethyl chitosan or Any one or more selected from carboxyethyl chitosan may be used.
상기 자몽종자추출물(GSE, Grapefruit seed extract)은 항균, 항진균, 항산화 효과가 있고, 독성 실험에서는 독성이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, 상기 자몽종자추출물의 성분 중 ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate 및 tocopherol 등이 부패성 및 병원성 미생물의 세포벽 및 세포막의 기능을 약화시키고 효소활성을 억제하며, DNA/RNA에서 비롯되는 세포증식 기작을 방지하여 세균, 효모 및 곰팡이 등에 살균 효과를 나타나며 곰팡이의 생육 및 독소합성에 저해효과를 가진다.The grapefruit seed extract (GSE) has antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects, and was confirmed to be non-toxic in toxicity tests. In particular, among the components of the grapefruit seed extract, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, and tocopherol weaken the function of the cell walls and membranes of putrefactive and pathogenic microorganisms, inhibit enzyme activity, and prevent cell proliferation mechanisms originating from DNA/RNA, thereby preventing bacteria. , it has a sterilizing effect on yeast and mold, and has an inhibitory effect on the growth and toxin synthesis of mold.
상기 친수성 첨가제는 고흡수성 수지로 형성된 후 상기 고흡수성비드 내에서 용출됨으로써, 상기 고흡수성 수지 내부에 미세 공간을 형성하고, 상기 흡수성 중합체 내부에 형성된 미세 공간에 의해 수분이나 영양성분의 흡수력 및 보관력을 증대시킬 수 있다.The hydrophilic additive is formed of a superabsorbent polymer and then eluted within the superabsorbent bead, thereby forming a microspace inside the superabsorbent polymer, and has the ability to absorb and store moisture or nutrients through the microspace formed inside the absorbent polymer. can be increased.
상기 친수성 첨가제는 소디움도데실설페이트, 인산염, 솔비탄 모노라우레이트, 솔비탄 모노팔미테이트, 솔비탄 모노스테아레이트 및 솔비탄 모노올레이트로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상이 사용될 수 있다.The hydrophilic additive may be one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate, phosphate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, and sorbitan monooleate.
상기 가교제는 고흡수성비드의 흡수속도 및 수분을 흡수하여 팽윤된 상태에서의 안정된 겔 강도를 유지하기 위하여 첨가되는 것으로, 예를 들어, 상기 가교제로는 N,N'-메틸렌비스메타아크릴레이트, 에틸렌옥시메타아크릴레이트, 폴리에틸렌옥시메타아크릴레이트, 프로필렌옥시메타아크릴레이트, 글리세린 디아크릴레이트, 글리세린 트리아크릴레이트, 트리메티롤 트리아크릴레이트, 트리알릴아민, 트리아릴시아누레이트, 트리알릴이소시아네이트, 폴리에틸렌글리콜, 디에틸렌글리콜 및 프로필렌글리콜로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상이 사용될 수 있다.The cross-linking agent is added to maintain the absorption rate of the superabsorbent beads and the stable gel strength in the swollen state by absorbing moisture. For example, the cross-linking agent includes N,N'-methylene bismethacrylate and ethylene. Oxymethacrylate, polyethyleneoxymethacrylate, propyleneoxymethacrylate, glycerin diacrylate, glycerin triacrylate, trimethylol triacrylate, triallylamine, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanate, polyethylene glycol , any one or more selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol and propylene glycol may be used.
본 발명에서 상기 혼합용액은 수용성 에틸렌계 불포화 단량체 80 내지 120 중량부, 셀룰로오스계 화합물 10 내지 30 중량부, 카르복시(C1-C5)알킬 키토산 5 내지 15 중량부, 자몽종자추출물 1 내지 3 중량부, 친수성 첨가제 5 내지 15 중량부 및 가교제 1 내지 3 중량부의 중량비율로 혼합될 수 있다.In the present invention, the mixed solution includes 80 to 120 parts by weight of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, 10 to 30 parts by weight of a cellulose compound, 5 to 15 parts by weight of carboxy (C1-C5) alkyl chitosan, 1 to 3 parts by weight of grapefruit seed extract, It can be mixed in a weight ratio of 5 to 15 parts by weight of the hydrophilic additive and 1 to 3 parts by weight of the crosslinking agent.
다음으로, 상기 수용성 에틸렌계 불포화 단량체, 셀룰로오스계 화합물, 카르복시(C1-C5)알킬 키토산, 친수성 첨가제 및 가교제가 혼합된 혼합용액에 물을 첨가한 후 교반할 수 있다.Next, water can be added to the mixed solution of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, cellulose compound, carboxy (C1-C5) alkyl chitosan, hydrophilic additive, and crosslinking agent, and then stirred.
상기 단계에서 상기 물은 상기 수용성 에틸렌계 불포화 단량체, 셀룰로오스계 화합물, 카르복시(C1-C5)알킬 키토산, 친수성 첨가제 및 가교제를 용해 및 분산하기 위하여 사용될 수 있는데, 상기 수용성 에틸렌계 불포화 단량체, 셀룰로오스계 화합물, 카르복시(C1-C5)알킬 키토산, 친수성 첨가제 및 가교제로 이루어진 혼합용액에 물 600 내지 800 중량부를 첨가한 후 교반할 수 있다.In the above step, the water may be used to dissolve and disperse the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, cellulose compound, carboxy (C1-C5) alkyl chitosan, hydrophilic additive, and crosslinking agent. , 600 to 800 parts by weight of water can be added to a mixed solution consisting of carboxy (C1-C5) alkyl chitosan, hydrophilic additive, and crosslinking agent, and then stirred.
그 다음으로, 상기 물이 첨가되어 교반된 혼합용액에 중합개시제를 첨가하여 중합체를 형성할 수 있다.Next, a polymerization initiator can be added to the water-added and stirred mixed solution to form a polymer.
상기 단계에서 상기 중합개시제는 상기 물이 첨가되어 교반된 혼합용액의 반응을 촉진하기 위하여 첨가되는 것으로, 상기 중합개시제로는 벤조인 에테르(benzoin ether), 디알킬아세토페논(dialkyl acetophenone), 하이드록실 알킬케톤(hydroxyl alkylketone), 페닐글리옥실레이트(phenyl glyoxylate), 벤질디메틸케탈(Benzyl Dimethyl Ketal), 아실포스핀(acyl phosphine) 및 알파-아미노케톤(α-aminoketone)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상이 사용될 수 있고, 바람직하게는 2,4,6-트리메틸-벤조일-트리메틸 포스핀 옥사이드(2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl-trimethyl phosphine oxide)가 사용될 수 있다.In the above step, the polymerization initiator is added to promote the reaction of the mixed solution in which water is added and stirred. The polymerization initiator includes benzoin ether, dialkyl acetophenone, and hydroxyl. At least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl alkylketone, phenyl glyoxylate, Benzyl Dimethyl Ketal, acyl phosphine, and alpha-aminoketone can be used, preferably 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl-trimethyl phosphine oxide.
상기 단계에서 상기 중합개시제는 물이 첨가되어 교반된 혼합용액에 중합개시제 0.1 내지 1 중량부를 첨가함으로써 진행될 수 있다.In the above step, the polymerization initiator may be added in an amount of 0.1 to 1 part by weight to a mixed solution in which water is added and stirred.
이어서, 상기 중합체를 건조한 후 상기 건조된 중합체를 분쇄하여 고흡수성비드를 제조할 수 있다.Next, after drying the polymer, the dried polymer can be pulverized to produce superabsorbent beads.
상기 단계에서 상기 중합체의 건조는 80 내지 90℃의 온도에서 수행될 수 있고, 상기 분쇄는 상기 건조된 중합체를 핀 밀(pin mill), 해머 밀(hammer mill), 스크류 밀(screw mill), 롤 밀(roll mill), 디스크 밀(disc mill) 또는 조그 밀(jog mill) 등과 같은 공지의 분쇄기를 이용하여 입경이 0.01 내지 10mm가 되도록 분쇄함으로써 진행될 수 있다.In this step, drying of the polymer may be performed at a temperature of 80 to 90° C., and the grinding may be performed by using a pin mill, hammer mill, screw mill, or roll to grind the dried polymer. It can be carried out by grinding the particle size to 0.01 to 10 mm using a known grinder such as a roll mill, disc mill, or jog mill.
상기 미생물 담체는 배지에 포함되어 미생물이 부착하여 생장하고 공기 등이 통과하여 배지가 산성화되는 것을 방지할 수 있는데, 상기 미생물 담체는 하기의 방법으로 제조된 미생물 담체가 사용될 수 있다.The microbial carrier can be included in the medium to prevent microorganisms from attaching and growing and from acidifying the medium through passage of air, etc. The microbial carrier may be a microbial carrier prepared by the following method.
먼저, 상기 미생물 담체를 제조하기 위하여, 포졸란, 부엽토, 활성탄, 생분해성 수지, 전분 및 물을 준비할 수 있다.First, to prepare the microbial carrier, pozzolan, humus soil, activated carbon, biodegradable resin, starch, and water can be prepared.
상기 단계에서 포졸란, 부엽토, 활성탄, 생분해성 수지, 전분 및 물은 각각 포졸란 10 내지 20 중량부, 부엽토 3 내지 7 중량부, 활성탄 8 내지 12 중량부, 생분해성 수지 5 내지 15 중량부, 전분 50 내지 70 중량부 및 물 20 내지 40 중량부의 중량비율로 혼합될 수 있다.In the above step, the pozzolan, humus, activated carbon, biodegradable resin, starch, and water are respectively 10 to 20 parts by weight of pozzolan, 3 to 7 parts by weight of humus, 8 to 12 parts by weight of activated carbon, 5 to 15 parts by weight of biodegradable resin, and 50 parts by weight of starch. It can be mixed in a weight ratio of 70 to 70 parts by weight and 20 to 40 parts by weight of water.
상기 포졸란은 친환경 소재의 광물로 대표적인 게르마늄 함량이 20ppm이며, 음이온, 원적외선 방사로 탈취효과, 항균,살균 및 곰팡이 제거 효과가 있으며, 작물에 필요한 미네랄성분을 보강하고 오염된 토양을 활성화하고 개선할 수 있다.The pozzolan is an eco-friendly mineral with a representative germanium content of 20ppm, and has deodorizing, antibacterial, sterilizing, and mold-removing effects through negative ion and far-infrared radiation, and can reinforce mineral components necessary for crops and revitalize and improve contaminated soil. there is.
상기 부엽토는 나뭇잎이나 작은 가지 등이 미생물에 의해 부패, 분해되어 생긴 흙을 말하고, 원예에 많이 사용되며 배수가 좋고 수분과 양분을 많이 가지고 있다. 또한, 상기 부엽토는 다공질(多孔質)이므로 배수가 좋고 수분과 양분의 보축력(保蓄力)이 강하며, 지온(地溫)을 높이고 영양분이 풍부하고, 인공적으로 낙엽을 모아 쌓아서 부패시킨 것과 자연적으로 부패, 분해된 것이 있으며, 일반적으로는 침엽수(針葉樹)보다 활엽수(闊葉樹)의 낙엽이 유효성분도 많고 부숙(腐熟)이 빨리 되어 좋다.The humus refers to soil created by decay and decomposition of leaves and small branches by microorganisms. It is widely used in horticulture and has good drainage and contains a lot of moisture and nutrients. In addition, the humus soil is porous, so it has good drainage and strong water and nutrient retention, increases ground temperature, is rich in nutrients, and is artificially made by collecting fallen leaves and rotting them. Some naturally decay and decompose, and in general, fallen leaves from broad-leaved trees contain more active ingredients and ripen faster than those from coniferous trees.
상기 활성탄은 미세세공이 발달된 탄소집합체로서, 활성화과정에 의해 내부 표면적을 변화시킬 수 있으며, 내부의 탄소 원자 관능 기에 의해 주위 액체 또는 기체와 흡착이 이루어지는 흡수성과 흡착성이 우수한 성질을 갖는다.The activated carbon is a carbon aggregate with developed micropores, and its internal surface area can be changed through an activation process, and has excellent absorbency and adsorption properties by adsorbing surrounding liquid or gas through internal carbon atom functional groups.
예를 들어, 상기 활성탄은 경도 93 질량분율% 이상, 충전밀도 0.51 내지 0.53g/ml, 비표면적 800 내지 900m2/g, 세공분포는 세공직경이 4Å 내지 7Å, 요오드 흡착력 1,100mg/g 이상, 세공용적 0.51ml/g, pH 7~7.8, 페놀 흡착력 17.5ml/g, M·B 탈색력 153ml/g 이상인 것이 사용될 수 있다.For example, the activated carbon has a hardness of 93% by mass or more, a packing density of 0.51 to 0.53g/ml, a specific surface area of 800 to 900m 2 /g, a pore distribution with a pore diameter of 4Å to 7Å, and an iodine adsorption capacity of 1,100mg/g or more, One with a pore volume of 0.51ml/g, pH of 7-7.8, phenol adsorption power of 17.5ml/g, and M·B decolorization power of 153ml/g or more can be used.
상기 생분해성 수지는 사용 후 폐기 또는 자연 상태에 버려졌을 때, 자연계에 존재하는 미생물(박테리아, 곰팡이 및 조류)에 의해 물과 이산화탄소 등으로 완전히 분해되는 수지로, 예를 들어, 상기 생분해성 수지는 폴리락트산(poly lactic acid; PLA) 또는 폴리카프로락톤(Polycaprolactone; PCL) 중에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상이 사용될 수 있다.The biodegradable resin is a resin that is completely decomposed into water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms (bacteria, mold and algae) existing in the natural world when discarded or left in nature after use. For example, the biodegradable resin is Any one or more selected from polylactic acid (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) may be used.
상기 전분은 물과 혼합되어 결합제로 사용될 수 있는데, 예를 들어, 상기 전분으로는 옥수수 전분, 찰옥수수 전분, 타피오카 전분, 감자 전분 및 고구마 전분으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상이 사용될 수 있다.The starch may be mixed with water and used as a binder. For example, the starch may be one or more selected from the group consisting of corn starch, waxy corn starch, tapioca starch, potato starch, and sweet potato starch.
다음으로, 상기 포졸란, 부엽토, 활성탄, 생분해성 수지, 전분 및 물을 혼합하여 혼합물을 제조한 후, 상기 혼합물을 구형 또는 펠릿형으로 성형하여 성형체를 형성할 수 있다.Next, the pozzolan, humus, activated carbon, biodegradable resin, starch, and water are mixed to prepare a mixture, and then the mixture can be molded into a sphere or pellet to form a molded body.
예를 들어, 상기 성형체는 입경이 0.01 내지 10mm가 되도록 성형될 수 있다.For example, the molded body may be molded to have a particle diameter of 0.01 to 10 mm.
그 다음으로, 상기 성형체를 가열하여 건조할 수 있다.Next, the molded body can be heated and dried.
상기 단계에서는 상기 성형체를 70 내지 80℃의 온도에서 1 내지 3시간 동안 가열함으로써 상기 성형체 내부에 존재하는 수분을 제거할 수 있다.In this step, moisture present inside the molded body can be removed by heating the molded body at a temperature of 70 to 80° C. for 1 to 3 hours.
이어서, 상기 건조된 성형체를 냉각한 후, 상기 냉각된 성형체에 미생물 균주를 혼합하여 미생물 담체를 제조할 수 있다.Subsequently, after cooling the dried molded body, a microbial carrier can be prepared by mixing microbial strains into the cooled molded body.
상기 단계에서는 상기 건조된 성형체를 20 내지 30℃의 온도에서 냉각한 후, 상기 냉각된 성형체에 미생물 균주를 혼합할 수 있는데, 예를 들어, 상기 미생물 균주로는 유기질이 많은 농토의 표층에서 분리한 공지의 균주인 바실러스 서브틸러스(Bacillus subtilis), 바실러스 스테아로써모필러스(Bacillus stearothermophilus), 로도슈도마나스(Rhodopsudomonas), 로도스피릴룸(Rhodospirillum), 바실러스 소노렌시스(Bacillus sonorensis) 및 바실러스 터모아밀로보란스(Bacillus thermoamylovorans)로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상의 균주가 사용될 수 있다.In this step, the dried molded body may be cooled at a temperature of 20 to 30° C., and then a microbial strain may be mixed with the cooled molded body. For example, the microbial strain may include a microbial strain isolated from the surface layer of agricultural soil rich in organic matter. Known strains of Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus stearothermophilus , Rhodopsudomonas , Rhodospirillum , Bacillus sonorensis , and Bacillus thermoamyl. Any one or more strains selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thermoamylovorans may be used.
상기 혼합비료는 상기 배지에 포함되어 영양성분을 추가적으로 공급하기 위하여 포함될 수 있는데, 상기 혼합비료는 장석, 고령토, 탄산칼륨, 구연산, 인광석, 아몬드피 및 난각을 포함한다.The mixed fertilizer may be included in the medium to additionally supply nutrients. The mixed fertilizer includes feldspar, kaolin, potassium carbonate, citric acid, phosphate stone, almond blood, and eggshell.
또한, 상기 혼합비료는 장석 5 내지 10 중량부, 고령토 8 내지 12 중량부, 탄산칼륨 1 내지 5 중량부, 구연산 2 내지 6 중량부, 인광석 3 내지 7 중량부, 아몬드피 1 내지 3 중량부 및 난각 1 내지 3 중량부의 중량 비율로 포함될 수 있다.In addition, the mixed fertilizer includes 5 to 10 parts by weight of feldspar, 8 to 12 parts by weight of kaolin, 1 to 5 parts by weight of potassium carbonate, 2 to 6 parts by weight of citric acid, 3 to 7 parts by weight of phosphate, 1 to 3 parts by weight of almond blood, and It may be included in a weight ratio of 1 to 3 parts by weight of egg shell.
상기 장석은 1cm3 당 3만~15만개의 다층다공질로 구성되어 있고, 비표면적이 넓어 오염물질, 중금속 등을 흡착 및 분해하는 작용을 하는 효과가 있다. 또한, 산성이나 강한 알칼리성 물을 약 알칼리성(pH 7.2~7.4)으로 조절하며, 수질을 활성화하여 정수작용을 한다. 또한, 장석은 흡착력이 뛰어나 화학적 산소요구량(COD) 및 생물학적 산소요구량(BOD)을 낮추어 방부작용을 하는 것은 물론 활성화에 따라 생체에 활력을 준다.The feldspar is composed of 30,000 to 150,000 multi-layered porous particles per 1 cm 3 and has a large specific surface area, so it is effective in adsorbing and decomposing pollutants, heavy metals, etc. In addition, it adjusts acidic or strongly alkaline water to slightly alkaline (pH 7.2-7.4) and purifies water by activating the water quality. In addition, feldspar has excellent adsorption capacity and not only has a preservative effect by lowering chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), but also revitalizes the living body upon activation.
상기 고령토는 규석, 알루미나, 포타시움 등의 성분으로 구성되어 있으며, 작물의 생장 시 작물의 잎과 줄기에 고령토막을 형성하여, 해충의 피해를 저감시키는 효과가 있다.The kaolin is composed of components such as silica, alumina, and potassium, and forms a kaolin film on the leaves and stems of crops when they grow, which has the effect of reducing damage from pests.
상기 탄산칼륨은 탄산칼리 또는 칼리라고도 하며 K2CO3의 화학식을 갖는 백색 분말로, 식물을 태운 재 속에 함유되어 있다. 상기 탄산칼슘(CaCO3)은 식물 세포막 구성 역할을 하고, 산성토양을 중화시켜 토양반응을 교정시켜 줌으로서 토양미생물의 활동을 촉진시키고 식물성장에 알맞은 토양환경 개량 효과를 가진다.The potassium carbonate is also called potassium carbonate or potash and is a white powder with the chemical formula of K 2 CO 3 and is contained in ash from burned plants. The calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) plays a role in plant cell membrane composition, neutralizes acidic soil and corrects soil reaction, thereby promoting the activity of soil microorganisms and improving the soil environment suitable for plant growth.
상기 탄산칼륨은 100g의 물에 대해서 0℃에서 105.5g, 100℃에서 156g이 용해될 수 있으며, 수용액은 가수분해에 의해서 pH 11.6의 염기성을 보인다. 수용액에서 탄산칼륨을 결정화시킬 때는 2수화물인 K2CO3·2H2O가 생성된다. 탄산칼륨은 산과 반응시키면 이산화탄소를 발생시키며, 이산화탄소를 흡수하면 중탄산칼륨으로 변한다. 45~50%의 수산화칼륨 용액을 반응조에 넣고 교반하면서 이산화탄소를 불어넣어 탄산칼륨 수용액을 만들고, 거른 후 증발·건조시키거나, 탄산칼륨 수용액에 다시 이산화탄소를 불어넣어 중탄산칼륨으로 결정을 만들고 회전로를 사용해서 가열분해하여 얻는다. 탄산칼륨은 비누, 유리등의 제조원료, 의약품의 제제원료 및 화학조작 등에 사용될 수 있다.The potassium carbonate can dissolve 105.5g at 0°C and 156g at 100°C in 100g of water, and the aqueous solution shows basicity of pH 11.6 by hydrolysis. When potassium carbonate is crystallized from an aqueous solution, dihydrate K 2 CO 3 ·2H 2 O is produced. When potassium carbonate reacts with acid, it generates carbon dioxide, and when carbon dioxide is absorbed, it changes into potassium bicarbonate. Put 45-50% potassium hydroxide solution in a reaction tank and blow in carbon dioxide while stirring to make an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate. After filtering, evaporate and dry, or blow carbon dioxide into the aqueous potassium carbonate solution again to make crystals of potassium bicarbonate and turn it into a rotary furnace. It is obtained by thermal decomposition. Potassium carbonate can be used as a raw material for manufacturing soap and glass, a raw material for pharmaceutical preparations, and chemical manipulation.
상기 구연산은 결정물과 무수물이 있으며, 이를 각각 결정구연산과 무수구연산으로 나뉜다. 결정 무연산은 산성조미료 및 식용유의 산패방지제로서 사용되며, 무수구연산은 수분이 함유되지 않아도 되는 식품 또는 가루식품의 산미료로 사용되며 결정수가 없기 때문에 결정구연산보다 산도가 강하며 사용시에 약 10％ 정도 적게 사용한다.The citric acid has crystalline and anhydrous forms, and is divided into crystalline citric acid and anhydrous citric acid, respectively. Crystalline citric acid is used as an acid seasoning and a rancidity prevention agent for cooking oil, and anhydrous citric acid is used as an acidulant for foods or powdered foods that do not need to contain moisture. Because it does not have crystalline water, it has stronger acidity than crystalline citric acid, and when used, it reduces the acidity by about 10%. use.
예를 들어, 상기 구연산으로는 구연산칼륨(시트르산칼륨)이 사용될 수 있는데, 상기 구연산칼륨(시트르산칼륨)은 C6H5K3O7·H2O, 324.41의 분자량을 갖는 무색 또는 백색의 결정 또는 분말 형태를 갖는 물질이다. 상기 구연산칼륨은 물에는 잘 용해되나 글리세린에는 서서히 용해되고 에틸알코올에는 거의 용해되지 않으며, 수용액은 미세한 알칼리성을 가진다. 100mL의 물에 대해서 15℃에서 167g, 30℃에서 199g이 용해될 수 있으며 산도조절제, 각종 도금용 첨가제 또는 보온제 등으로 사용될 수 있다.For example, potassium citrate (potassium citrate) may be used as the citric acid, which is C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 ·H 2 O, a colorless or white crystal with a molecular weight of 324.41. Or it is a substance in powder form. The potassium citrate is well soluble in water, but slowly soluble in glycerin and almost insoluble in ethyl alcohol, and the aqueous solution has slightly alkaline properties. For 100 mL of water, 167g can be dissolved at 15℃ and 199g at 30℃, and it can be used as an acidity regulator, various plating additives, or a heat insulating agent.
상기 인광석(Rock phosphate)은 인산칼슘을 다량으로 함유하는 광석으로서 대표적인 물질로 인회석, 인회토, 구아노(guano) 등이 있으며 인산비료의 주원료가 된다. 상기 인광석은 인산과 질소(N), 산화칼슘(CaO), 산화마그네슘(MgO)이 주성분으로 구성된 천연화합물이 2% 구연산(citric acid)에 용해되는 원리를 이용하여 비료 조성에 사용된다.The rock phosphate is an ore containing a large amount of calcium phosphate, and representative materials include apatite, apatite, and guano, and are the main raw materials for phosphoric acid fertilizer. The phosphate rock is used in fertilizer composition using the principle that a natural compound composed of phosphoric acid, nitrogen (N), calcium oxide (CaO), and magnesium oxide (MgO) as main components is dissolved in 2% citric acid.
상기 인광석 내에 함유된 인산은 구연산(citric acid)에 용해되어, 유리 인산으로 변환되는 성질을 가지는데, 상기 구연산은 검은곰팡이(Aspergillus niger)에 의해 생성되어 인산의 분해에 이용된다. 인광석의 구성 성분 중에 칼슘과 인이 주요 구성 물질인데, 칼슘과 인의 비율에 따라 인광석으로부터 조성된 인산비료의 수용성, 구용성 및 불용성 여부가 결정된다. 결과적으로 인의 함량은 칼슘에 비해 적을수록 구용성이 강해 비료의 지속성이 증가되며 인산의 식물체 내 흡수율이 높아져 비료의 가치가 증대된다.The phosphoric acid contained in the phosphate rock has the property of being dissolved in citric acid and converted into free phosphoric acid. The citric acid is produced by black mold (Aspergillus niger) and is used to decompose phosphoric acid. Among the components of phosphate rock, calcium and phosphorus are the main constituents, and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus determines whether the phosphate fertilizer made from phosphate rock is water-soluble, mouth-soluble, and insoluble. As a result, the lower the phosphorus content compared to calcium, the stronger the oral solubility, which increases the sustainability of the fertilizer, and the absorption rate of phosphoric acid in the plant increases, increasing the value of the fertilizer.
상기 아몬드피는 아몬드에서 기름을 짜내고 남은 깻묵일 수 있는데, 상기 아몬드피에는 조단백질, 조섬유, 조지방 등의 함량이 높은데, 이러한 아몬드는 불포화지방산이 풍부하고 비타민 E가 풍부하여 피부 미용에도 좋으며, 철분이나 칼슘도 풍부해 건강에 좋다.The almond skin may be the seed cake left after oil is squeezed out of the almond. The almond skin has a high content of crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat. These almonds are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E, which are good for skin care, and contain iron and calcium. It is also rich in nutrients and good for your health.
상기 난각은 계란 등과 같이 알의 난백과 난황을 사용한 후 폐기되는 농식품 부산물로, 구체적으로 상기 난각(egg-shell)은 동물의 알의 껍질을 의미하는 것으로서, 넓은 의미로는 알을 둘러싸는 맨 바깥층의 딱딱한 층 및 알의 원형질막 바깥쪽의 피막인 난막을 포함한 것들을 의미할 수 있다.The eggshell is an agricultural food by-product that is discarded after using the egg white and yolk, such as eggs. Specifically, the eggshell refers to the shell of an animal egg, and in a broad sense, the outermost layer surrounding the egg. This can mean things including the hard layer of the egg and the egg membrane, which is the outer layer of the egg's plasma membrane.
일반적으로 동물의 알 내부의 내용물을 사용한 뒤 폐기되는 난각에는 잔존하는 내용물과, 난막이 더 포함될 수 있는데, 이때 폐기되는 난각에 잔존하는 내용물은 고농도의 순단백질이고, 난막은 전체 중량의 60wt% 이상이 단백질로 이루어져 있으며, 이외에 조단백질, 철분, 칼슘 등 영양소가 풍부하다.In general, egg shells that are discarded after using the contents of animal eggs may further contain remaining contents and egg membranes. In this case, the remaining contents in the discarded egg shells are high concentrations of pure protein, and the egg membranes contain more than 60 wt% of the total weight. It is made up of protein, and is also rich in nutrients such as crude protein, iron, and calcium.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 토마토 양액재배용 배지에 대한 실시예, 비교예를 들어 더욱 구체적으로 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the attached drawings, the medium for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes according to the present invention will be described in more detail through examples and comparative examples.
< 실시예 ><Example>
코코피트 100 중량부, 고흡수성 비드 8 중량부, 미생물 담체 2 중량부 및 혼합 비료 5 중량부의 중량 비율로 혼합한 후 압축, 성형하여 토마토 양액재배용 배지를 제조하였다.A medium for tomato hydroponic cultivation was prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of coco peat, 8 parts by weight of highly absorbent beads, 2 parts by weight of microbial carrier, and 5 parts by weight of mixed fertilizer in a weight ratio and then compressing and molding.
< 비교예 ><Comparative example>
시중에 판매되고 있는 코코피트를 준비한 후, 상기 코코피트를 압축, 성형하여 토마토 양액재배용 배지를 제조하였다.After preparing commercially available coco peat, the coco peat was compressed and molded to prepare a medium for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes.
토마토 생육 실험Tomato growth experiment
실시예에 따라 제조된 배지의 토마토에 대한 생육효과를 살펴보기 위해 재배실험을 하였다. 토마토 종자를 발아시킨 후, 실험실 조건에서 생육시켜 건중량, 엽록소함량, 식물체의 크기 및 밀도가 배지에 따라 대조구와 처리구간에 어떠한 생육변화를 가져오는지를 조사하였다.A cultivation experiment was conducted to examine the growth effect of the medium prepared according to the example on tomatoes. After germination of tomato seeds, they were grown under laboratory conditions to investigate changes in dry weight, chlorophyll content, plant size and density between the control and treatment groups depending on the medium.
(1) 실험방법(1) Experimental method
1) 실험조건1) Experimental conditions
① 온도 : 26 ± 2℃(주간)① Temperature: 26 ± 2℃ (daytime)
② 습도 : 63 ± 3%② Humidity: 63 ± 3%
③ 광주기 : 15 시간③ Photoperiod: 15 hours
④ 배양용기 : 직경 10cm, 체적 350cm3의 폴리에스테르 용기④ Culture container: polyester container with a diameter of 10 cm and a volume of 350 cm 3
⑤ 수분 공급 : 5일 간격으로 각 pot 당 100㎖씩 공급⑤ Water supply: 100ml per pot at 5-day intervals
⑥ 종자발아 : 토마토 종자를 15g 씩 각각 채취하여 pot에 탈지면을 깔고 발아시킴.⑥ Seed germination: Collect 15g of each tomato seed, place cotton wool in a pot, and germinate.
2) 건중량 조사2) Dry weight survey
발아 후 14일부터 7일 간격으로 무작위 표본추출법(random sampling method)을 이용하여 5개체군씩 표본 추출하였다. 추출한 표본은 각 처리구별로 분리 포장한 후 70℃의 항온 건조기에서 7일 동안 건조시킨 후 Micro analytical balance (Sartorius 2006MP6, Germany)를 사용하여 건증량을 0.1mg 단위로 측정하였다.Five populations were sampled using the random sampling method at 7-day intervals starting from the 14th day after germination. The extracted samples were packaged separately for each treatment group, dried in a constant temperature dryer at 70°C for 7 days, and the dry weight was measured in 0.1 mg units using a Micro analytical balance (Sartorius 2006MP6, Germany).
3) 엽록소 함량 조사3) Chlorophyll content investigation
Arnon(1949)의 방법에 준하여 식물체에 포함된 총 엽록소함량을 구하였다.The total chlorophyll content contained in the plant was calculated according to the method of Arnon (1949).
① 발아 후 14일부터 7일 간격으로 무작위 표본추출법(random sampling method)를 이용하여 표본을 추출하였으며, 각 표본에서 엽록소 추출에 필요한 묘조(shoot)를 채취하여 생중량을 측정하였다.① Samples were extracted using the random sampling method at 7-day intervals starting 14 days after germination, and shoots necessary for chlorophyll extraction were collected from each sample and fresh weight was measured.
② 80% 아세톤 용액과 혼합하여 막자사발에서 분쇄한 후 10㎖ volumetric flask에 옮겨 80% 아세톤으로 표선을 맞추었다.② It was mixed with 80% acetone solution, ground in a mortar, then transferred to a 10 mL volumetric flask and adjusted to the mark with 80% acetone.
③ 위의 용액을 냉암소에서 2시간 이상 방치한 후 상층액의 흡광도 (absorbance: A)를 645, 663 및 710nm에서 각각 측정하였다.③ After leaving the above solution in a cool and dark place for more than 2 hours, the absorbance (A) of the supernatant was measured at 645, 663, and 710 nm, respectively.
4) 식물체 지상부의 높이(height) 조사4) Investigate the height of the above-ground part of the plant
배지에 재배 후 30일 째에 각 품종의 추출된 표본에서 가장 큰 표본 10개체의 지상부 높이를 버어니어 캘리버스(VERNIER CALIPER)를 이용하여 0.01cm 단위로 측정하였다.At 30 days after cultivation on the medium, the height of the 10 largest specimens from the extracted specimens of each variety was measured to the nearest 0.01 cm using a Vernier caliber.
(2) 실험 결과(2) Experiment results
1) 건중량 조사1) Dry weight survey
코코피트만으로 제조된 배지를 사용한 비교예에 비하여, 실시예에 따른 배지를 사용한 실시예의 건중량이 높게 나타났다. Compared to the comparative example using a medium prepared only from coco peat, the dry weight of the example using the medium according to the example was higher.
상기 실시예에 따른 배지를 사용하여 재배한 토마토는 수분 및 영양분을 장기간 일정하게 공급하고 토마토의 성장을 촉진시킬 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.It was confirmed that tomatoes grown using the medium according to the above example could provide a constant supply of moisture and nutrients for a long period of time and promote the growth of tomatoes.
2) 엽록소 함량 조사2) Chlorophyll content investigation
상기 실시예에 따른 배지를 사용하여 재배한 토마토에서 엽록소 함량이 증가된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.It was confirmed that the chlorophyll content increased in tomatoes grown using the medium according to the above example.
3) 식물체 지상부의 높이 조사3) Investigate the height of the above-ground part of the plant
처리 후 30일째 실시예와 비교예에 따른 토마토의 지상부 높이(cm)를 비교한 결과를 하기의 [표 1]에 나타내었다.The results of comparing the above-ground height (cm) of tomatoes according to the Example and Comparative Example at 30 days after treatment are shown in [Table 1] below.
상기 [표 1]을 참조하면, 실시예에 따른 배지를 사용하여 재배한 토마토가 비교예에 비해 식물 생장의 효과가 현저하게 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.Referring to [Table 1], it was confirmed that tomatoes grown using the medium according to the example had a significantly better plant growth effect compared to the comparative example.
이상, 본 발명의 바람직한 일 실시예를 설명하였지만, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 본 발명이 그 기술적 사상이나 필수적인 특징을 변경하지 않고서 다른 구체적인 형태로 실시될 수 있다는 것을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 이상에서 기술한 일 실시예는 모든 면에서 예시적인 것이며 한정적이 아닌 것으로 이해해야만 한다.Although a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without changing the technical idea or essential features. You will be able to. Therefore, the embodiment described above should be understood as illustrative in all respects and not restrictive.
Claims (3)
상기 코코피트 80 내지 120 중량부, 고흡수성 비드 5 내지 10 중량부, 미생물 담체 1 내지 3 중량부 및 혼합비료 3 내지 7 중량부의 중량 비율로 혼합한 후 압축, 성형하여 제조되고,
상기 혼합비료는 장석 5 내지 10 중량부, 고령토 8 내지 12 중량부, 탄산칼륨 1 내지 5 중량부, 구연산 2 내지 6 중량부, 인광석 3 내지 7 중량부, 아몬드피 1 내지 3 중량부 및 난각 1 내지 3 중량부의 중량 비율로 포함된 것을 특징으로 하는 토마토 양액재배용 배지.Contains coco peat, highly absorbent beads, microbial carrier, and mixed fertilizer,
It is manufactured by mixing 80 to 120 parts by weight of coco peat, 5 to 10 parts by weight of highly absorbent beads, 1 to 3 parts by weight of microbial carrier, and 3 to 7 parts by weight of mixed fertilizer in a weight ratio, followed by compression and molding,
The mixed fertilizer includes 5 to 10 parts by weight of feldspar, 8 to 12 parts by weight of kaolin, 1 to 5 parts by weight of potassium carbonate, 2 to 6 parts by weight of citric acid, 3 to 7 parts by weight of phosphate, 1 to 3 parts by weight of almond blood, and 1 eggshell. A medium for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes, characterized in that it is contained in a weight ratio of from 3 to 3 parts by weight.
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