JP2000212561A - Charcoal-containing granule, culturing medium by using the same and culturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain charcoal-containing granules without causing clogging occlusion, excellent in shape-maintaining property and water absorbing property on watering, capable of reducing the watering work in agricultural work and useful for growing seedlings, cultivating, etc., of a crop by compressing for granulating the charcoal. SOLUTION: The charcoal-containing granules contain the charcoal and further preferably a plant-based fibrous material such as a coconut husk, and are obtained by subjecting the above materials under a compression force or the compressing force with a shearing force for forming compressed granules. They have 3-6 mm maximum granule length and 0-20 wt.% water content. Further, it is preferable to use the charcoal: plant-based fibrous material = (99/1)-(50/50) ratio, and to add a slowly available fertilizer of which solubility is chemically adjusted or of which eluting rate is physically adjusted, to the charcoal-containing granules. Also it is preferable to perform the growth of seedlings and cultivation of a crop by using the cultivating medium containing the charcoal-containing granules.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to charcoal-containing particles, a medium using the same, and a method for raising and cultivating seedlings and cultivation of crops. The present invention relates to carbon-containing particles and a medium having excellent water permeability and water absorbability, which are used for cultivation, main cultivation, and soil improvement, and are suitable for raising and cultivating vegetables such as crops.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, charcoal obtained by carbonizing wood, bark, sawdust, rice husk, coconut shell and the like has been used heavily by many farmers as a soil improving material. Also, this charcoal
In cultivation of agricultural crops, it was known as a material having a high soil improvement effect. This charcoal has a wide particle size distribution and is powdery, so if it is sprayed directly on agricultural land, it will not be evenly sprayed by the wind, and it will run off due to rain. did not become. For this reason, workability was poor and time was required. Furthermore, even if the particles have a large particle size, they become powdery during use for a long period of time, so that they are unsuitable for use in soil with poor drainage. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, a material obtained by granulating charcoal has come to be used.

On the other hand, in recent years, cultivation soil for horticultural seedlings using natural materials such as peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite and premixed with fertilizers for raising seedlings has been widely used in order to save labor in agricultural work.

[0004] As described above, in order to improve agricultural work and save labor, it is of course better to use charcoal, which is a material having a high soil improvement effect, as a pre-mixed cultivated soil. Is commercially available as a cultivation seedling culture for horticulture, which is particularly suitable for fruit vegetables and the like.

[0005]

However, the charcoal particles used in these cultivation materials are granulated by a granulation method (for example, a rolling granulation method) in which a forced external force is not applied so much. When repeatedly irrigated and used as a cultivation soil, there is a problem that the coal particles gradually disintegrate and become powdery, which causes clogging and deteriorates water permeability. Furthermore, it is necessary to use a binder (binding material) in order to improve the shape retention by watering, and there has been a problem that when a large amount of the binder is used, the water absorption is reduced.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a carbon-containing particle having excellent shape retention (ie, water permeability) by watering and excellent water absorption. It is another object of the present invention to provide a culture medium having excellent water permeability and water absorption using the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising and cultivating a crop that can reduce irrigation work in agricultural work.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, compressed and granulated charcoal and, if necessary, vegetable fiber material by a specific method. It has been found that the above problems can be solved by using particles for a culture medium, and the present invention has been completed.

[0008] That is, the charcoal-containing particles of the present invention contain charcoal and are characterized by being compressed and granulated by applying a compressive force or a compressive force and a shearing force.

Further, the other carbon-containing particles of the present invention contain charcoal and a vegetable fiber material in a solid content weight ratio of charcoal: vegetable fiber material = 99: 1 to 50:50. It is characterized by comprising.

[0010] The medium of the present invention is characterized by containing the above-mentioned charcoal-containing particles.

Further, the method for raising and cultivating seedlings of the present invention is characterized by using the above-mentioned charcoal-containing particles or medium.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the carbon-containing particles of the present invention will be described in detail. As described above, the charcoal-containing particles of the present invention, by applying a compressive force or compressive force and shear force,
Obtained by compression granulation. That is, by a method capable of applying a compressive force or a compressive force and a shear force, because it contains compressed and granulated charcoal-containing particles, even when repeatedly watered, the charcoal-containing particles collapse and become a medium. Is less likely to reduce the water permeability. In addition, the compressed granulated carbon-containing particles of the present invention have a smaller content of a binder (binder) as compared with charcoal particles granulated by a conventional granulation method such as a tumbling granulation method. (Or no use), so that the original water absorption / water retention characteristics of charcoal are not impaired.

As a method capable of applying the above-mentioned compressive force or compressive force and shear force, granulation by an extrusion granulation method and a compression / crushing granulation method is preferable. As the extrusion granulation method,
Screw type pre-extrusion type, horizontal extrusion type, vacuum extrusion type and pre-processing type, roll type disk die type and ring die type, blade type basket type and oscillating type, and self-molding type gear Examples thereof include a continuous type, a cylinder type and a ram type, and a continuous type and an intermittent type, all of which are suitable. In addition, as the compression / pulverization granulation method,
Examples include a tableting method and a roll pressing method, all of which are suitable. Among them, a roll-type extrusion die granulation method of a disk die type or a ring die type is preferable because of high productivity.

The compression force can be appropriately changed according to various granulation methods and raw materials to be used. In the case of the above-mentioned roll type disk die granulation method, the maximum pressing force is typically 4.90. × 10 ^{6 to} 3.92 × 10 ⁷ Pa (50 to 40
0 kg / cm ² ), preferably 1.47 × 1
^{0 7 ~1.96 × 10 7 Pa (} 150~200kg / c
m ² ).

The charcoal used for the charcoal-containing particles of the present invention is charcoal obtained by carbonizing wood (including waste wood), bark, sawdust, rice husk, coconut husk, etc., and waste such as soda pulp production at a paper mill. Is preferred. In particular, from the viewpoint of cost, charcoal produced from waste such as soda pulp production in a paper mill is preferable.

Further, from the viewpoint of improving water absorption, a vegetable fiber material may be added to the above-mentioned charcoal to be granulated by compression.

The above-mentioned vegetable fiber material is preferably added at a ratio of charcoal: vegetable fiber material = 99: 1 to 50:50 in terms of solids weight ratio of charcoal and vegetable fiber material. When the amount of the vegetable fiber material is less than 1, the effect of improving water absorption is hardly obtained, and when the amount is more than 50, the shape retention during irrigation is deteriorated due to excessive swelling.

In the present specification, the “solid content weight ratio” is a weight ratio excluding a moisture content, and the moisture content is a weight when a substance is dried at a drying temperature of 105 ° C. for 24 hours. Sought from change.

The vegetable fiber material to be used is not particularly limited, but typically a natural material such as coconut husk or peat moss is preferable. Furthermore, coconut husk is preferred because of its high water absorbing effect. More preferred.

The coconut shell suitably used in the present invention is:
It is a fibrous material and a woody part derived from the mesocarp which is obtained by removing the epicarp and the endocarp from the palm of the coconut.
A mixture of fibrous material and woody part by cutting and pulverizing the whole mesocarp, or the remaining short filaments other than useful ingredients (rigid and medium short fibers) from mesocarp called coir dust It means a mixture of woody parts. The woody portion is like a woody material configured to fill the space between the mesocarp fibers. In particular, coir dust is generated in large quantities (approximately 60% by weight of the entire mesocarp) in association with the fiber collecting step, which is a useful component, and has conventionally been disposed of. In addition, since coir dust is collected as an unnecessary component in the fiber collecting step, some short and long fibers are mixed in the short fibers and the woody portion.

The manufacturing method is as follows. From the coconut, except the juice, endosperm, and inner rind
Dry the mesocarp. The dried outer / mesocarp is soaked in fresh water for 4 to 6 weeks to remove excess tannins and chlorides (without removing water) and to soak. Rope, mats and short fibers used for mattresses are separated from the soft outer and mesocarp,
Collect the short fibers and woody by-products as residue. The collected short fibers and woody parts are hydrated at 80-90.
It is contained in an amount of 40% to 50% by weight in the dehydration step, and the moisture content is adjusted to 20% by weight by drying in the sun or hot air. Further, the dried product is subjected to a fumigation disinfection and sterilization process to remove contaminants (impurities) and adjust the particle size.

As described above, the residue excluding the rigid and medium and short fibers used for ropes, mats, and mattresses is coir dust, which is also called coir, pis, or the like, and is conventionally discarded. It is. That is, the present invention also leads to effective use of waste.

The type of palm from which coir dust is collected is not particularly limited, but ropes, stiff fibers of high quality are collected from coconut palms of Sri Lanka.
Suitable for textiles such as mats and mattresses,
High emission of coir dust. Therefore, coconut coir dust from Sri Lanka is excellent in terms of quality and stable supply, and is preferably used.

[0024] The peat moss referred to in the present specification means plant remnants such as reeds, sedges, and sphagnum that have grown in lakes and marshes in cold regions that have been deposited and decomposed under anaerobic conditions.

Further, in addition to the above-mentioned vegetable fiber material, a binder, other water-absorbing / water-retaining materials, fertilizers, and the like can be added to the charcoal-containing particles of the present invention in addition to the above-mentioned plant fiber materials as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. .

The binder that can be added to the carbon-containing particles includes
Although not particularly limited, corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, starches such as potato starch and tapioca starch, clay minerals of the montmorillonite group such as bentonite, seaweed extracts such as sodium alginate and agar, Vegetable resinous sticky substances such as gum arabic and atragant gum; derivatives of natural polymers such as carboxymethyl starch and carboxymethyl cellulose; synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and sodium polyacrylate; gypsum and dihydrate Examples include water gypsum (plaster of Paris), molasses, gelatin, glycerin, and lignin, and may be added as long as the specific effects produced by the present invention are not hindered. Further, when granulating by a method capable of applying a compressive force or a compressive force and a shear force according to the carbon-containing particles of the present invention, it is possible to granulate without adding a binder,
Even if used, the effect can be obtained with a small amount.

Other water absorbing / water retaining materials that can be added to the carbon-containing particles are not particularly limited, but minerals such as vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, rock wool, bark, wood pulp, rice hull, sawdust, Examples include plants such as charcoal, water-absorbing polymers, and water-retentive compositions, and may be added to the extent that the specific effects produced by the present invention are not impaired.

The fertilizer that can be added to the charcoal-containing particles is not particularly limited, but N (Chisso), P ₂ O ₅
(Phosphoric acid) or K ₂ O (Kari) and a component containing any mixture thereof can be used.
aO (calcium oxide), MgO (magnesium oxide)
And compounds such as trace elements.

Specifically, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, compound fertilizer, ordinary chemical fertilizer, advanced chemical fertilizer, two-component compound chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer containing slow-release nitrogen, chemical fertilizer containing nitrification control agent, Solid fertilizer, paste fertilizer, liquid fertilizer,
Trace element fertilizers, calcareous fertilizers, magnesite fertilizers, siliceous fertilizers, organic fertilizers, composts and the like.

Further, in a preferred form of the carbon-containing particles of the present invention,
As such a fertilizer, it is desirable to add a slow-release fertilizer that chemically adjusts the solubility or physically adjusts the dissolution rate.If such a slow-release fertilizer is added to the carbon-containing particles, From the seedlings to the fertilizer components required in this field,
The whole or a part thereof can be applied as a granular medium at the stage of raising seedlings, which contributes to labor saving in this field.

Slow-release fertilizers whose solubility is chemically adjusted include, but are not particularly limited to, chemically-slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, soluble phosphate fertilizers and soluble potassium fertilizers. Examples of the chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogen fertilizer include isobutyraldehyde condensed urea (IBDU), acetaldehyde condensed urea (CDU or OMU), formaldehyde-processed urea fertilizer, guanyl urea sulfate, and oxamide. Calcined phosphorus fertilizer, iodine phosphorus fertilizer, precipitated phosphate lime, mouldite (serpentine), fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, etc.
Examples of the soluble potassium fertilizer include a potassium silicate fertilizer obtained by mixing and firing a basic potassium or magnesium-containing compound and pulverized coal combustion ash.

The slow-release fertilizer whose physical dissolution rate is physically adjusted is not particularly limited, but a coated nitrogen fertilizer obtained by coating a nitrogenous fertilizer with a polyolefin resin or sulfur or another coating material, a potassium fertilizer. Coated fertilizer coated with a polyolefin resin or sulfur or other coating material, and a compound fertilizer coated with a chemical fertilizer or a liquid composite fertilizer with a polyolefin resin or sulfur or another coating material. When these slow-release fertilizers are added to the carbon-containing particles in the culture medium, the coating film may be broken by granulation. It is preferable to use a slow-release fertilizer whose solubility is adjusted chemically rather than adding it.

In the present invention, the maximum particle length of the compressed granulated carbon-containing particles, that is, the longest part in the diameter and length of the particles, for example, when the carbon-containing particles are elliptical spheres, the long diameter, the columnar shape. If the height or diameter is longer, 3 to 6 m
m, more preferably 4 to 5 mm. If the value exceeds the upper limit of this range, classification tends to occur when the carbon-containing particles are mixed with the other materials described above. Therefore, the above range is more preferable. In addition, when the value falls below the lower limit, the water permeability deteriorates, and it cannot be used for a crop in which water permeability is regarded as important. Therefore, the above range is more preferable. The shape of the carbon-containing particles obtained by the above-described granulation method is not particularly limited, and may be any of a spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, a pellet shape, a polyhedral shape, and the like.

Further, the water content X of the compressed and granulated carbon-containing particles is determined from the viewpoint that the bulk specific gravity is small, that is, the weight is reduced.
It is preferable that 0% by weight <X ≦ 20% by weight. It is industrially difficult to completely reduce the water content to 0% by weight,
It is more preferable to be in the above range, since it is likely to change with time due to moisture in the air and the like. When the water content exceeds 20% by weight, the fertilizer component is dissolved over time by mixing with a slow-release fertilizer whose chemical solubility or physical dissolution rate has been adjusted. -Since it may elute, it is more preferable to be within the above range.

Next, the medium of the present invention will be described in detail. As described above, the medium of the present invention contains the above-described charcoal-containing particles. By adding the charcoal-containing particles to the medium, a medium excellent in water permeability and water absorption can be obtained without the carbon-containing particles collapsing and becoming powdery even when watering is repeated.

Here, the medium of the present invention is not particularly limited, but various water-absorbing and water-retaining materials can be selectively added depending on the type of agricultural or horticultural crop to be cultivated. It is preferable to add a material containing coconut husk, peat moss, calcined vermiculite, perlite, zeolite or sterilized soil and any mixture thereof.

In a preferred form of the medium of the present invention, a slow-release fertilizer whose solubility is adjusted chemically or whose dissolution rate is physically adjusted can be added. If a slow-release fertilizer is added to the medium, the whole or a part of the fertilizer components necessary for this field from the seedling can be applied as a granular medium at the stage of raising the seedling, which is useful for labor saving in this field.

The slow-release fertilizers whose solubility is chemically adjusted include, but are not particularly limited to, chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogenous fertilizers, potassium-soluble phosphate fertilizers and potassium-soluble Kali fertilizers. Examples of the chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogen fertilizer include isobutyraldehyde condensed urea (IBDU), acetaldehyde condensed urea (CDU or OMU), formaldehyde-processed urea fertilizer, guanyl urea sulfate, and oxamide. Calcined phosphorus fertilizer, iodine phosphorus fertilizer, precipitated phosphate lime, mouldite (serpentine), fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, etc.
Examples of the soluble potassium fertilizer include a potassium silicate fertilizer obtained by mixing and firing a basic potassium or magnesium-containing compound and pulverized coal combustion ash.

The slow-release fertilizer whose physical dissolution rate is physically adjusted is not particularly limited, but a coated nitrogen fertilizer obtained by coating a nitrogenous fertilizer with a polyolefin resin or sulfur or another coating material, and a potassium fertilizer. Coated fertilizer coated with a polyolefin resin or sulfur or other coating material, and a compound fertilizer coated with a chemical fertilizer or a liquid composite fertilizer with a polyolefin resin or sulfur or another coating material.

Furthermore, fertilizers and pesticides necessary for cultivation of agricultural and horticultural crops can be added to the medium of the present invention.・ Reduction of application labor can be achieved.

[0041] Fertilizers that can be added to the medium of the present invention include:
Although not particularly limited, N (Chisso), P ₂ O
₅ (phosphoric acid) or K ₂ O (Kari) and any mixture thereof, and may further contain compounds such as CaO (calcium oxide), MgO (magnesium oxide) and trace elements.

Specifically, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, compound fertilizer, ordinary chemical fertilizer, advanced chemical fertilizer, two-component compound fertilizer, chemical fertilizer containing slow-release nitrogen, chemical fertilizer containing nitrification control agent, Solid fertilizer, paste fertilizer, liquid fertilizer,
Trace element fertilizers, calcareous fertilizers, magnesite fertilizers, siliceous fertilizers, organic fertilizers, composts and the like.

Further, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, it is possible to add a material comprising the above-mentioned agrochemical active ingredient to the medium of the present invention. Examples of the material composed of the pesticidal active ingredient include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, antiviral agents, plant growth regulators, miticides, nematicides, and the like. Its properties may be either solid or liquid. A time-release coated pesticide granule configured to time-control release of these pesticidal active ingredients may be added to the medium of the present invention.

With respect to the amounts of the various additives described above, the pH and EC (electrical conductivity) when the medium is immersed in water should be carefully noted as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It is preferable to determine the pH, and in some cases, the pH or EC may be controlled by adding a pH adjuster composed of an acidic material or an alkaline material. The values of pH and EC vary depending on the target plant / crop to be cultivated. In general, pH is 5 to 8 and EC is 0.5 mS / EC in a fertilizer-free system.
cm or less, and preferably 1.0 to 2.0 mS / cm in the fertilizer addition system. However, it is needless to say that the fertilizer added with a high concentration of fertilizer for the purpose of being diluted and used as a soil improving material may greatly deviate from this range.

Further, the method for raising and cultivating seedlings of the present invention will be described in detail. As described above, the method for raising and cultivating seedlings of the present invention uses the above-described charcoal-containing particles or medium.

Here, the method for raising and cultivating seedlings of the present invention is to grow and / or cultivate fruits and vegetables, etc., which require particularly high permeability among crops, using the above-mentioned medium. You may use it as a use or a soil improvement material. When the medium of the present invention is used, both water permeability and water absorption / water retention are achieved, so that the number of times of irrigation can be reduced. When the moisture content of the culture medium of the present invention is kept low, long-term storage is possible, and the efficacy (fertilization effect, etc.) of the culture medium starts for the first time by watering for cultivation. Therefore, it is possible to add a slow-release fertilizer to the medium of the present invention in advance.After filling the medium with the slow-release fertilizer and raising the seedlings, the seedlings that have been raised as they are can be transplanted to this field. For example, a cultivation method capable of bringing in a fertilizer component in an amount corresponding to the entire amount or most of the necessary amount in the main field becomes possible.

[0047]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. In addition, in each example, the water permeation rate and the maximum water capacity were obtained as follows.

(Permeability) According to the constant water level measurement method at the time of measuring the permeability coefficient, the sample was roughly filled into a 100 ml cylindrical tube (the center part of the side of the 100 ml cylindrical tube was lightly hit three times by hand), and the sample was placed from below by 1 cm. Saturate for hours. Water from above 5
After flowing water for 60 minutes, 60 minutes, and 600 minutes, the time required for the water permeation amount of 100 ml is measured for each flowing time at a constant water level.

(Maximum Water Capacity) The weight of water absorbed and the weight of dry matter were measured according to the Hilgard method, and the maximum water capacity (%) was calculated from (weight of water absorbed) / (weight of dry matter) × 100. Calculated.

1. Granulation of Charcoal-Containing Particles (Example 1) Charcoal powder (Hokuko Chemical Co., Ltd., Black One, water content: 20% by weight, bulk specific gravity: 0.45 g / m)
l, particle size; ≤ 3 mm) 60 kg of a disk die roll type extrusion granulator (model: F40 / 33-390,
Die and nozzle diameter: φ3mm, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.
Fluidized vibration dryer with hot air temperature of 90 ° C (model;
It was dried using VDF3600 (manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) so that the water content of the carbon-containing particles was 5% by weight. By sieving, 40 kg of carbon-containing particles A of 2 to 4 mm were obtained.

(Example 2) Coal powder (Hokuko Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Made, Black One, moisture content; 20% by weight, bulk specific gravity;
0.45 g / ml, particle size;
0 wt%, coir dust (moisture content: 35 wt%, particle size: 4 to 6 mm product, bulk specific gravity: 0.11 g / ml, Sri Lanka) is 10 wt% in terms of solid content, and each raw material is 50 kg in total. And put into a 400 L winged concrete mixer with an internal capacity of 10 L.
Premix for 10 minutes at a rotation speed of rpm. Further, the pre-mixed raw material was divided into five portions, and water was mixed with a ribbon mixer (model: RM-60, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) so that the total raw material content after the water addition became 23%. And add 5
Mix for each minute. This mixture is granulated with a disk-die roll-type extrusion granulator (model: F40 / 33-390, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd., die / nozzle diameter: φ3 mm), and is subjected to fluid vibration drying at a hot air temperature of 90 ° C. Machine (model; VDF3
600, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) so that the moisture content of the carbon-containing particles was 5% by weight. 2 by sieving
40 kg of carbon-containing particles B of ４4 mm were obtained.

(Example 3) Coal powder (Hokuko Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Made, Black One, moisture content; 20% by weight, bulk specific gravity;
0.45 g / ml, particle size;
0% by weight, peat moss (water content: 35% by weight, bulk specific gravity: 0.14 g / ml, produced in Canada) is 10%
Weight of 50 kg in total and put into a 400 L winged concrete mixer with an internal volume of 400 L
Premix for 10 minutes at a rotation speed of rpm. Further, a ribbon mixer (model: RM-60, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.)
In the above, water was added so that the water content of the raw material after the addition of water became 23%, and the mixture was divided into several portions for 5 minutes. This mixture was rolled into a disk die roll-type extrusion granulator (model: F40 /
33-390, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd., granulated with a die / nozzle diameter: φ3 mm, and a fluidized vibration drier (model: VDF3600, Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) having a hot air temperature of 90 ° C.
Was dried so that the moisture content of the carbon-containing particles was 5% by weight. 4 to 2 mm of carbon-containing particles C
0 kg was obtained.

(Example 4) Coal flour (Hokko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
Made, Black One, moisture content; 20% by weight, bulk specific gravity;
0.45 g / ml, particle size;
0 wt%, coir dust (water content: 35 wt%, particle size: 4 to 6 mm, bulk specific gravity: 0.11 g / ml, Sri Lanka) 30 wt% in terms of solid content, 50 kg in total, internal capacity Was put into a 400 L winged concrete mixer and premixed at a rotation speed of 10 rpm for 10 minutes. Furthermore, a ribbon mixer (model: RM-6
0, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.), and water was added so that the water content of the raw material after water addition became 26%, and the mixture was mixed in several portions for 5 minutes. This mixture is granulated with a disk-die roll-type extrusion granulator (model: F40 / 33-390, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd., die / nozzle diameter: φ3 mm), and is subjected to fluid vibration drying at a hot air temperature of 90 ° C. Machine (model; VDF3
600, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) so that the moisture content of the carbon-containing particles was 5% by weight. 2 by sieving
40 kg of carbon-containing particles D of の 4 mm were obtained.

Example 5 Coal Flour (Hokuko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
Made, Black One, moisture content; 20% by weight, bulk specific gravity;
0.45 g / ml, particle size;
0% by weight, peat moss (water content: 35% by weight, bulk specific gravity; 0.14 g / ml, produced in Canada) is 30 in terms of solid content.
Weight of 50 kg in total and put into a 400 L winged concrete mixer with an internal volume of 400 L
Premix for 10 minutes at a rotation speed of rpm. Further, a ribbon mixer (model: RM-60, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.)
In the above, water was added so that the water content in the raw material after the water addition became 26%, and the mixture was divided into several portions for 5 minutes. This mixture was rolled into a disk die roll-type extrusion granulator (model: F40 /
33-390, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd., granulated with a die / nozzle diameter: φ3 mm, and a fluidized vibration drier (model: VDF3600, Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) having a hot air temperature of 90 ° C.
Was dried so that the moisture content of the carbon-containing particles was 5% by weight. 4 to 2 mm of carbon-containing particles E
0 kg was obtained.

(Example 6) Coal powder (Hokuko Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Made, Black One, moisture content; 20% by weight, bulk specific gravity;
0.45 g / ml, particle size;
0 wt%, coir dust (moisture content: 35 wt%, particle size: 4 to 6 mm product, bulk specific gravity: 0.11 g / ml, Sri Lanka) 50 wt% in terms of solid content, 50 kg in total, internal capacity Was put into a 400 L winged concrete mixer and premixed at a rotation speed of 10 rpm for 10 minutes. Furthermore, a ribbon mixer (model: RM-6
0, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.), water was added so that the water content of the raw material after water addition was 30%, and the mixture was mixed several times for 5 minutes. This mixture is granulated with a disk-die roll-type extrusion granulator (model: F40 / 33-390, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd., die / nozzle diameter: φ3 mm), and is subjected to fluid vibration drying at a hot air temperature of 90 ° C. Machine (model; VDF3
600, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) so that the moisture content of the carbon-containing particles was 5% by weight. 2 by sieving
40 kg of carbon-containing particles F of 〜4 mm were obtained.

(Example 7) Coal powder (Hokuko Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Made, Black One, moisture content; 20% by weight, bulk specific gravity;
0.45 g / ml, particle size;
0% by weight, peat moss (moisture content: 35% by weight, bulk specific gravity: 0.14 g / ml, produced in Canada) is 50 in terms of solid content.
Weight of 50 kg in total and put into a 400 L winged concrete mixer with an internal volume of 400 L
Premix for 10 minutes at a rotation speed of rpm. Further, a ribbon mixer (model: RM-60, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.)
In the above, water was added so that the water content in the raw material after water addition was 30%, and the mixture was divided into several portions for 5 minutes. This mixture was rolled into a disk die roll-type extrusion granulator (model: F40 /
33-390, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd., granulated with a die / nozzle diameter: φ3 mm, and a fluidized vibration drier (model: VDF3600, Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) having a hot air temperature of 90 ° C.
Was dried so that the moisture content of the carbon-containing particles was 5% by weight. 4 to 4 mm of carbon-containing particles G of 2 to 4 mm were sieved.
0 kg was obtained.

(Comparative Example 1) Coal flour (Hokuko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
Made, Black One, moisture content; 20% by weight, bulk specific gravity;
For 100 parts by weight of 0.45 g / ml, particle size; ≦ 3 mm, 2% PVA (povar, degree of polymerization = 1) as a binder
700) 15 parts by weight of an aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was subjected to tumbling granulation using a dish-type granulator (dish size: diameter of 1035 mmφ x depth of 160 mm, homemade) under the conditions of an inclination angle of 45 degrees and a rotation speed of 30 rpm, and hot air. Drying was performed using a hot air dryer at a temperature of 80 ° C. so that the water content of the carbon-containing particles was 5% by weight. By sieving, 40 kg of carbon-containing particles H of 2 to 4 mm were obtained.

(Comparative Example 2) Granular charcoal material (particle size;
0.2 to 6 mm) using a 3 mm sieve.
40 kg of 3 mm on product I, which is a component on the sieve, was obtained.

(Comparative Example 3) Granular charcoal material (particle size;
0.2 to 6 mm) using a sieve having an opening of 1 mm.
40 kg of a 1 mm pass product J as a component under the sieve was obtained.

2. Characteristics of Charcoal-Containing Particles Using the charcoal-containing particles A to J of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 as samples, the water permeation rate and the maximum water capacity were measured by the above-described measurement methods. Table 1 shows the results.

[0061]

[Table 1]

From Table 1, all of the carbon-containing particles compressed and granulated in Examples 1 to 7 have a maximum water capacity as compared with the carbon-containing particles granulated by tumbling granulation of Comparative Example 1. It is clear that it is large and has excellent water absorption and retention properties. Regarding the water permeation rate (water permeability) under each flowing water condition, each of the charcoal-containing particles compressed and granulated according to Examples 1 to 7 was the charcoal-containing particle granulated by the tumbling granulation of Comparative Example 1. Compared to the particles, there are some which are at the same level or slightly slower. However, compared with the charcoal 3 mm-on product of Comparative Example 2 and the charcoal 1 mm pass product of Comparative Example 3, the water permeation speed is higher and the water permeability is also excellent. I understand. Furthermore, it is possible to adjust the water permeability (water permeation rate) and the water absorption and retention characteristics (maximum water capacity) by adjusting the addition rate of the vegetable fiber material. It is possible to provide.

3. Characteristics of medium using charcoal-containing particles (Examples 8 to 15 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6) Using the charcoal-containing particles A to J obtained in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, Table 2 According to the composition shown in the above, each medium raw material was put into a 400 L internal concrete mixer with wings and mixed at a rotation speed of 10 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain 100 L of medium using each of the carbon-containing particles. . In addition, Table 3 shows the properties (water permeation rate, maximum water capacity) of the medium using each of the charcoal-containing particles.

[0064]

[Table 2]

[0065]

[Table 3]

From Table 3, it can be seen that the media obtained in Examples 8 to 15 (medium using compressed and granulated carbon-containing particles)
All have a larger maximum water capacity than the medium obtained in Comparative Example 4 (medium using the carbon-containing particles granulated by tumbling granulation), and are used as a medium in combination with other materials. It is also clear that the water-absorbing water retention property is excellent. In addition, the permeation rate (permeability) under each running water condition
As for the medium obtained by Examples 8 to 15 (medium using the compressed and granulated carbon-containing particles), the medium obtained by Comparative Example 4 (the medium granulated by tumbling granulation) was used. Medium having the same content or slightly slower than that of Comparative Example 5;
It can be seen that the water permeation rate is faster than the medium using the m-on product or the medium using the charcoal 1 mm pass product of Comparative Example 6, and the water permeation is excellent as in the evaluation of the carbon-containing particles alone.

In Example 15, a medium was prepared by trial using a carbon-containing particle F having particularly excellent water-absorbing and retaining properties (although not very excellent in water-permeability) and further adding an LP coat as a slow-release fertilizer. However, the intention of the present composition is to reduce the water absorption and water retention properties due to the addition of an LP coat (maximum capacity: 25%) having poor water absorption and water retention properties by using the carbon-containing particles F having excellent water absorption and water retention properties. In addition, it is necessary to prevent a decrease in water absorption and retention properties and to maintain water permeability. If it is a medium to which a slow-release fertilizer is added in advance, such as the medium, after raising the seedling medium and the seedlings and transplanting the whole medium as it is into the main field, it is possible to omit the original fertilizer and topdressing in the main field Become.

4. Strawberry seedling raising test (Examples 16 to 18, and Comparative Example 7)
Using the medium obtained in Comparative Example 15 and Comparative Example 7, a strawberry cultivation test was performed. Test plots using the medium obtained in Examples 8, 12 and 15 were referred to as Examples 16, 17 and 18, and test plots using the medium obtained in Comparative Example 7 were referred to as Comparative Example 8. These were packed into 30 strawberry seedling eye pot containers (volume of 115 ml, inner diameter: 4 cm, outer diameter: 5 cm, depth: tapered cylindrical pot with a depth of 15 cm), and the seedlings were collected on June 6 Was carried out and the growth state was investigated on July 7. Table 4 shows the average irrigation frequency per day during the nursery period and the results of the nursery survey. The nursery was carried out at a glass house in Tobata Ward, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture.

[0069]

[Table 4]

From Table 4, the test plots of Examples 16 to 18 were as follows:
Compared with the test plot of Comparative Example 7, since the average frequency of watering per day may be less, it can be seen that the growth condition is all good despite the relatively easy management of seedling raising. In addition, each seedling was transplanted to the main field, and except for the seedlings in the test plot of Example 18, the original manure and topdressing were performed, and cultivation was performed according to the usual cultivation management. Was something. The seedlings of the test plot of Example 18 were transplanted to the main field, and then only topdressed and cultivated according to the usual cultivation management. The yield was comparable to that of the other test plots.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, the use of the charcoal-containing particles of the present invention is not limited to the culture medium for raising seedlings, but is also applicable to solid fuels. In this case, effective use and recycling of charcoal and sawdust can be achieved. .

[0072]

As described above, according to the present invention, the plant fiber material is compressed and granulated by a specific method according to the charcoal and the application, and the charcoal-containing particles are used for the culture medium. Carbon-containing particles excellent in shape retention (that is, water permeability) and water absorbability, and a medium using the same and having excellent water permeability and water absorbency. That is, according to the present invention, in comparison with charcoal particles granulated by a conventional granulation method such as a tumbling granulation method, without impairing the original water absorption and water retention characteristics of charcoal, when repeatedly watered. In addition, it is possible to provide a carbon-containing particle and a culture medium that cause less clogging and lower water permeability, and further provide a method for raising and cultivating a crop that can reduce irrigation work in agricultural work. .

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) // C09K 101: 00 F term (Reference) 2B022 AA05 BA01 BA03 BA04 BA07 BA11 BA12 BA14 BA16 BA24 BB01 DA19 4H026 AA01 AA02 AA10 AB03 4H061 AA01 AA04 DD04 DD14 DD18 EE35 EE43 EE44 EE46 EE52 EE61 EE62 EE64 FF08 HH03 HH13 HH14 KK01 KK02 KK05 KK07 KK08 KK09 LL15 LL26

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. Charcoal-containing particles containing charcoal and characterized by being compressed and granulated by applying a compressive force or a compressive force and a shearing force. 2. The charcoal-containing particles according to claim 1, further comprising a vegetable fiber material. 3. A charcoal-containing particle comprising charcoal and a vegetable fiber material in a ratio of charcoal: vegetable fiber material = 99: 1 to 50:50 by solid content weight ratio. 4. The charcoal-containing particles according to claim 3, wherein the granules are compressed and granulated by applying a compressive force or a compressive force and a shearing force. 5. The charcoal-containing particles according to claim 2, wherein the vegetable fiber material is coconut husk. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a slow-release fertilizer whose solubility is adjusted chemically or whose dissolution rate is physically adjusted is added. Charcoal-containing particles. 7. The carbon-containing particle according to claim 1, wherein the maximum particle length is 3 to 6 mm. 8. The charcoal-containing particles according to claim 1, wherein the water content X is 0 <X ≦ 20% by weight. 9. A medium containing the charcoal-containing particles according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10. The medium according to claim 9, wherein at least one material selected from the group consisting of coconut shell, peat moss, calcined vermiculite, perlite, zeolite and sterilized soil is added. 11. The medium according to claim 9, wherein a slow-release fertilizer whose solubility is adjusted chemically or whose dissolution rate is physically adjusted is added. 12. A nursery / cultivation of a crop, characterized by using the carbon-containing particles according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the medium according to any one of claims 9 to 11. Method.