JP2014064498A - Greening material and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greening material maintaining a predetermined strength even when saturated with water, having high water retention, and being obtained by a low-cost and simple process.SOLUTION: A greening material is made up of a carbonized material of 50-90 mass%, a vegetable cellulose fiber material of 5-40 mass%, and an adhesive of 0.5-5 mass% as solid contents. A method of producing the greening material includes: a step of making a slurry material by adding water to the vegetable cellulose fiber material and crushing them; a step of forming a mixture by adding the carbonized material and the adhesive to the slurry material and mixing them; a step of filling a mold with the mixture; and a step of drying the mixture filling the mold.

Description

  The present invention relates to a greening material used for a rooftop, a wall surface or the like, and more particularly to a greening material having high water absorption and water retention and a method for producing the same, which maintains a certain strength even when water is saturated.

  In recent years, greening of various places such as a rooftop, a veranda, and a wall surface of a building has been desired. The greening materials used for specific purposes such as the rooftops of buildings as described above have limitations such as being light in weight and being easy to install without scattering or outflow of soil, unlike ordinary soil.

  Various greening materials have been proposed as greening materials used for such specific applications. For example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-313049 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-222434 (Patent Document 2), a molded product using a material obtained by crushing wood or bark is used as a greening material. Has been proposed. These molded products are excellent in water resistance and decay resistance, and are environmentally friendly because they use wood and bark that have been discarded in the past as raw materials.

  From the viewpoint of environmental protection, greening materials using carbides, activated carbon, and the like have been proposed. Carbide and activated carbon can be said to be more excellent in terms of recycling than wood-based materials because a wide range of materials including waste plastics can be used as a starting material by performing carbonization treatment such as thermal decomposition. As a greening material made of such a carbide or the like as a raw material, for example, JP 2006-246858 (Patent Document 3) discloses a carbide board formed by compression molding a material obtained by carbonizing livestock excrement, wood, and waste paper. It has been proposed to be used for greening materials.

JP 2004-313049 A JP 2010-222434 A JP 2006-246858 A

  However, in spite of such demand for greening materials, the introduction of greening materials has not progressed much. One reason for this is the high manufacturing cost of greening materials. Generally, the manufacture of greening materials tends to be disadvantageous in terms of cost because the manufacturing process is complicated or dedicated equipment is required.

  For example, as in Patent Document 3, even when a granular material (carbide) is hardened only by a fibrous material, pressure molding is essential to firmly entangle the fibrous material and the granular material. Conceivable. Therefore, in order to perform such pressure molding, a dedicated pressure molding machine is usually required, resulting in an increase in cost. Moreover, since the number of processes increases, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of production efficiency. However, when trying to manufacture a greening material without performing pressure molding, sufficient strength may not be obtained.

  On the other hand, the greening materials of Patent Documents 1 and 2 are manufactured by pressurizing a mixture of a pulverized product of wood and an adhesive and pressing the pulverized product. In general, pressure-molding the raw material mixed with the adhesive strengthens the bond between the constituent materials of the greening material and increases the durability, but on the other hand, the gap between the constituent materials decreases, Water may not easily enter and water retention may not be maintained.

  This invention copes with such a subject, and manufactures a greening material using a carbide | carbonized_material, a vegetable cellulose fiber material, and an adhesive agent. This is a simple process of adding the adhesive and paper to the carbide in a specific blending amount obtained by the inventors as a result of earnest research, and filling the mixed material into a mold and drying it. Based on the knowledge that a certain level of strength can be maintained even when saturated with water, and a greening material with high water absorption and water retention can be obtained.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to allow plants to be cultivated on a green surface such as a rooftop or an area contaminated with soil, to maintain a certain strength even during water saturation, and to absorb water and retain water. It is to provide high greening materials.

  Another object of the present invention is to allow plants to be cultivated on a green surface such as a rooftop or an area contaminated with soil, to maintain a certain strength even during water saturation, and to absorb water and retain water. It is to provide a simple method for producing a highly greening material.

According to one aspect of the present invention, it is a greening material, 50% to 90% carbide in mass%,
5% to 40% vegetable cellulose fiber material;
A greening material comprising 0.5% to 5% adhesive is provided.

According to another aspect of the present invention,
Adding water to the plant cellulose fiber material and crushing it into a slurry,
Adding a carbide and an adhesive to the slurry and mixing to form a mixture;
Filling the mixture into a mold;
And a step of drying the mixture filled in the mold.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to grow a plant on a green surface such as a rooftop or an area where soil is contaminated, a greening material with high water retention that maintains a certain strength even when water is saturated, and simple production thereof. A method can be provided.

It is a photograph of the greening material by one mode of the present invention. 6 is a graph showing the evaporation rate of moisture from a sample in Example 3. 10 is a graph showing the water retention days of a sample in Example 3. It is a graph which shows the water retention days of the sample in Example 4. It is the photograph of the greening material which the western turf germinated in Example 6. It is a graph which shows the heat-shielding property in Example 7 with a greening board. It is a graph which shows the heat-shielding property in Example 7 without a greening board.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

<Raw material>
(carbide)
The carbide used for the greening material may be not only charcoal and bamboo charcoal, but also charcoal made by carbonizing plastic, clothing, industrial waste, etc., and can be obtained by activating the carbide. Activated carbon may be used. In addition, the shape of the carbide is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a granular shape, a rod shape, a plate shape, and an indefinite shape, but the granular shape may be used from the viewpoint of dispersibility in the greening material. preferable.

  When using granular carbides, the average particle size is preferably 0.286 to 11.69 mm, more preferably 0.808 to 5.452 mm, and particularly preferably 0.808 to 2.878 mm. Here, a method for measuring the average particle size of the carbide will be described. First, a sample is arbitrarily taken so that at least 300 crushed carbide particles are included. Next, the sample is photographed with a camera, and the unidirectional particle diameter of 300 particles is measured using image analysis software (imageJ 1.46). Finally, the average value of the measured particle diameters of each particle is calculated and set as the average particle diameter.

  Furthermore, higher water retention can be achieved by adjusting the carbide to be composed of at least two types of carbides having different particle sizes. In order to obtain even higher water retention, the mass of the seed carbide having a large particle size is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 25 to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the carbide, It is particularly preferable that the content is 50% by mass. Further, the particle size of the carbide having a large particle size is preferably 3 to 6 times as large as that of the carbide having a small particle size, and more preferably 4 to 5 times larger.

  The content of carbide with respect to the total mass of the greening material is 50% to 90%, preferably 60% to 85%, and 75% to 85% is a balance of strength, water retention and water absorption. From the viewpoint of

(Plant cellulose fiber material)
The plant cellulose fiber material used for the greening material may be any material as long as the object of the present invention is achieved. For example, paper, clothing, agricultural waste, forestry waste, etc. Although mentioned, paper is preferable from the viewpoint of processing and availability. Among papers, it is more preferable to use waste paper (newspaper, magazines, etc.) from the viewpoint of recycling. Moreover, since the cellulose fiber material is hardly corrosive, it can impart excellent decay resistance to the greening material.

  The content of the plant cellulose fiber material with respect to the total mass of the greening material is 5% to 40%, preferably 8% to 35%, and 8% to 25% is strength, water retention and This is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of the balance of water absorption.

(adhesive)
The adhesive used for the greening material may be an organic adhesive or an inorganic adhesive as long as the object of the present invention is achieved, and may be a synthetic adhesive or a natural adhesive. Although it is good, it is preferably a natural adhesive because it is environmentally friendly. Moreover, it is preferable that the adhesive used is a water-resistant adhesive that does not flow out even when immersed in water. As the adhesive used in the greening material according to the present invention, an adhesive comprising glucomannan and / or latex is particularly preferable.

  The content of the adhesive with respect to the total mass of the greening material is 0.5% to 5%, preferably 0.5% to 3%, and preferably 0.5% to 2.5%. It is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of balance of strength, water retention and water absorption. Although not bound by theory, it is considered that the addition of an adhesive suppresses water evaporation and increases water retention.

(Other raw materials)
Although the greening material by this invention can be comprised only with the said carbide | carbonized_material, vegetable cellulose fiber material, and an adhesive agent, arbitrary raw materials other than these structural raw materials may be contained. Such optional raw materials include fillers, solvents, pigments, dyes, preservatives, insecticides, fungicides, antifoaming agents, fertilizers, pesticides, soil conditioners, growth promoters, growth inhibitors, germination promoters. An agent, a moisture retaining material and the like can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto.

<Greening materials>
The greening material according to the present invention is produced substantially by the following steps using mainly the above-mentioned carbide, vegetable cellulose fiber material, and adhesive.
Step 1: Adding water to plant cellulose fiber material and pulverizing to make a slurry Step 2: Adding carbide and adhesive to the slurry and mixing to form a mixture Step 3: Mixing the mixture Step of filling the mold Step 4: Step of drying the mixture filled in the mold

  As above-mentioned, since the manufacturing method of the greening material by this invention does not include a press molding process, it can be used only by drying, after putting into a type | mold. Therefore, the process is simplified and a dedicated pressure molding machine is not required, which is advantageous in terms of cost and production efficiency. Furthermore, although not bound by theory, it is considered that higher water absorption performance can be obtained because the voids between the constituent materials of the greening material are maintained by not performing pressure molding.

  Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the greening material by this invention may have the process of adjusting the particle size of a carbide | carbonized_material before the said process 1. FIG. By adding such a process and appropriately adjusting the particle size of the carbide, a greening material with higher water retention can be obtained.

  The specific gravity of the greening material according to the present invention is preferably 0.2 to 0.4, more preferably 0.23 to 0.35, and 0.25 to 0.33 for strength and water retention. Is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of the balance between the property and water absorption.

  The hardness at the time of water saturation of the greening material according to the present invention is preferably 4 mm to 27 mm, more preferably 6 mm to 22 mm, and more preferably 8 mm to 16 mm when measured with a Yamanaka hardness meter. It is particularly preferable in that it does not prevent the roots of plants from growing while maintaining the above. In general, a soil hardness of about 27 mm is said to be the hardest soil hardness on which plants such as psyllium can grow.

  The shape of the greening material according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be a sheet shape, a board shape, a block shape, or the like. A size, thickness, etc. are not specifically limited, What kind of dimension may be sufficient if it can be used as a greening material. As an embodiment of the greening material according to the present invention, a photograph of a board-like greening material is shown in FIG.

  Plants grown with the greening material are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lawn, monocotyledonous plant, dicotyledonous plant, vine plant, fern plant, and moss plant. In addition, plant seeds may be mixed with raw materials before molding the greening material, or may be sown directly on the greening material after molding.

  There are no particular restrictions on the location where the greening material is installed. This includes indoor planting in the residence. Furthermore, even in an area where the soil is contaminated, it can be installed on the soil and used.

  In addition, it is preferable to install the greening material according to the present invention on the rooftop or wall surface of a building from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in indoor temperature due to sunlight in the summer due to the heat shielding effect of the greening material.

  The present invention will be described in more detail by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. In addition, unless otherwise indicated,% shall show a mass reference | standard.

Example 1: Production of greening materials
Sample 1
Step 1: First, a carbide (using a carbide obtained by pyrolyzing polyester) was passed through a 16-mesh sieve and passed, and fine particles were screened off with 20-mesh to adjust the particle size. The average particle size of the carbide whose particle size was adjusted was 1.16 mm.
Step 2: Put 6 parts by weight of waste paper into a container, add 100 parts by weight of water thereto, and stir the waste paper in the container by stirring to prepare slurry-like paper.
Step 3: To 106 parts by mass of the slurry-like paper prepared in Step 2, 30 parts by mass of the carbide prepared in Step 1 and 1 part by mass of an adhesive (Glucomannan (manufactured by Mogi Food Industry Co., Ltd.)) were added and mixed. .
Step 4: The mixture obtained in Step 3 was filled into a mold.
Step 5: The mixture filled in the mold was dried to obtain a greening material.

Sample 2
A greening material was obtained in the same manner as Sample 1 except that latex (LX811H (product number), manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) was used as the adhesive.

Sample 3
A greening material was obtained in the same manner as Sample 1 except that no adhesive was used.

Example 2: Comparison of hardness The hardness of the greening materials obtained in Samples 1 to 3 when dried and saturated with water (water soaked in water for 3 hours) was measured using the Yamanaka hardness tester (standard type, manufactured by Fujiwara Seisakusho). It measured using. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

  From the above results, it can be seen that Samples 1 and 2 using an adhesive maintain a certain hardness not only during drying but also when saturated with water, and both are suitable as greening materials. On the other hand, Sample 3 was fragile when saturated with water.

Example 3: Comparison of water retention In the same manner as in the production of the above greening material, a carbide (using a carbide obtained by pyrolyzing polyester), a mixture of crushed paper and water, and an adhesive (glucomannan), A sample was obtained by mixing at a mass ratio of 30: 6: 100: 1, filling in a mold and drying (sample 4). Further, a sample with no adhesive added was obtained in the same manner except that no adhesive was added (Sample 5). Three samples of each of these samples (Samples 4 and 5) were prepared, and the mass, volume, and specific surface area were measured. The measurement results are shown in the following table. All values in the table are average values of three samples.

  Each of the above samples was placed in a container filled with water and allowed to absorb water for 3 hours. The water-absorbed sample was taken out from the container, placed in a thermostatic chamber at 30 ° C. (humidity 25% to 30%), recorded the mass change every 3 hours, and calculated the water evaporation rate and the water retention days. The evaporation rate is a rate obtained by averaging measured values from 96 hours after putting the sample into the thermostat. The water retention time was defined as the number of days until the mass of the absorbed sample decreased to the mass before water absorption.

  The test was performed for each sample (samples 4 and 5), and an average value was calculated. Using the obtained average value, the water evaporation rate of each sample is shown in FIG. 2, and the water retention days are shown in FIG. From FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, it can be seen that not only the strength was improved but also the water retention was improved by adding the adhesive.

Example 4: Effect of carbide particle size on water retention Carbide with different particle size distribution for each sample (using carbide obtained by pyrolyzing polyester), crushed paper and water mixture and adhesive (gluco Mannan (manufactured by Mogi Food Industry Co., Ltd.) was mixed at a mass ratio of 30: 6: 100: 1, filled in a mold and dried to obtain samples (samples 6 to 10). In order to change the particle size distribution, it passed through a 16-mesh sieve and passed through it, and it passed through a 20-mesh sieve, and passed through a 3.5-mesh sieve and passed through a 4-mesh sieve. The carbides of φ5 mm and φ1 mm that were sieved using the above were mixed in the proportions shown in the table below. Three samples were prepared as repetitions for each sample, and the mass, volume, and specific surface area were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 3 below. All values in the table are average values of three samples.

Each of the above samples was placed in a container filled with water and allowed to absorb water for 3 hours. The absorbed sample was taken out from the container and placed in a thermostat at 32 ° C. (humidity 25% to 30%), and mass change every 3 hours was recorded in the same manner as in Example 3 to calculate the water evaporation rate and water retention days. . The test was performed for each sample (samples 6 to 10), and the average value was calculated. Table 4 below shows the average amount of water absorption and moisture evaporation rate of each sample. Furthermore, the water retention days of each sample are shown in FIG. From Table 4 and FIG. 4, it can be seen that adding φ5 mm carbide to carbide having a particle size of φ1 mm improves the water retention of the greening material, and adding φ5 mm carbide at a mass ratio of 50% improves the water retention most.

Example 5: Effect of greening material composition on water absorption and saturation hardness Carbide (using carbide obtained by pyrolyzing polyester), crushed paper and water mixture, and adhesive (Glucomannan (Mogi Food) Kogyo Co., Ltd.) or latex (LX811H (product number), manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) was mixed at the composition ratio shown in Table 5 below, packed in a mold and dried to obtain samples (samples A to G). For the preparation of the sample, a carbide in which a carbide having an average particle diameter of 0.808 mm and a carbide of 2.878 mm were mixed at a ratio of 1: 1 was used. In addition, the composition of the following table | surface is shown by the mass ratio of each raw material.

  For samples A to G prepared as described above, the water absorption and water saturation hardness were measured. As the amount of water absorption, the sample was placed in a container filled with water, and the amount of water absorption after allowing the sample to stand for 3 hours to absorb water was used. The results are shown in Tables 6-8. In addition, the value of the amount of water absorption in the table is indicated by the ratio (%) of the mass of absorbed water to the mass of the sample in the dry state. Further, as the water saturation hardness, the hardness of a sample soaked in water for 3 hours was measured using a Yamanaka hardness tester (standard type, manufactured by Fujiwara Seisakusho). The results are shown in Tables 6-8.

Here, Tables 6 to 8 respectively show the relationship between the content of the carbide, plant cellulose fiber material (paper) and adhesive (glucomannan or latex) in the greening material, and the water absorption and water saturation hardness. It is. The sample shown in Table 6 contains more carbide as the sample on the left side of the table. Similarly, the sample shown in Table 7 contains more vegetable cellulose fiber material (paper) as the sample on the left side of the table, and the sample shown in Table 8 contains more adhesive as the sample on the left side of the table. In any table, the composition of each raw material is shown as a ratio (% by mass) to the entire sample.

Example 6: A greening board (18 cm x 18 cm x 4.3 cm, average mass 373 g, specific gravity 0.27) produced in the same manner as sample 8 was placed in a grass growth container, and seeds of Western turf were seeded on the surface did. Then, it cultivated indoors temperature-controlled at 25 degreeC, and water | moisture content was given suitably so that it might not dry occasionally. A photograph when 35 days have elapsed after sowing is shown in FIG. It can be seen that Western turf germinates and grows.

Example 7: Heat shielding effect of greening board A test body was prepared by closing the upper surface of a tank (outside dimensions W30 cm x D30 cm x H53 cm: inner dimensions W24 cm x D24 cm x H50 cm) made of polystyrene foam with a heat source above the test body. As a test apparatus, a reflex bulb was installed. In the case where a greening board is not installed on the upper surface (on the tile) of the test equipment, the temperature in each tank (thermometer 1 5 cm below the tile, thermometer 2 in the center of the tank, and 10 cm from the bottom) 3 was installed and the temperature at each position was measured.) Was recorded at regular intervals to evaluate the heat shielding properties. The results are shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. When the greening board is used, it can be seen that the temperature rise is small at any position of the thermometers 1, 2, and 3.

Claims (9)

It is greening material, and as solid quantity,
50% to 90% carbide,
5% to 40% vegetable cellulose fiber material;
A greening material comprising 0.5% to 5% adhesive.   The greening material according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises one or more of glucomannan or latex.   The greening material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a ratio of the adhesive is 0.5% to 2.5% of a total mass of the greening material.   The greening material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the carbide comprises at least two types of carbides having different average particle diameters.   The greening material according to claim 4, wherein among the at least two kinds of carbides, a kind of carbide having a large particle size is contained in a proportion of 1 to 50% by mass.   6. The greening material according to claim 4, wherein a particle size of the carbide having a large particle size is 3 to 6 times larger than a particle size of the carbide having a small particle size.   The greening material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the specific gravity is 0.25 to 0.33. Adding water to the plant cellulose fiber material and crushing it into a slurry,
Adding a carbide and an adhesive to the slurry and mixing to form a mixture;
Filling the mixture into a mold;
And a step of drying the mixture filled in the mold.   The manufacturing method of Claim 8 which further includes the process of adjusting the particle size of a carbide | carbonized_material before adding the said carbide | carbonized_material.