KR101944074B1 - A composition for enhancing the nutritional status and growth of leafy vegetables comprising Biochar - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for hydroponics which improves the growth and nutritional status of leafy vegetables containing bio-tea as an active ingredient, and more particularly to a composition for growing leafy vegetables for hydroponics which comprises pearlite and biocha as an active ingredient . According to the present invention, the combination of PL and RB as a hydroponic culture substrate increased the yield of about 2-fold leafy vegetables compared to plants grown with pearlite alone, and regulated the PL + RB substrate in the nutrient solution, Can be recommended as an excellent hydroponic substrate for obtaining safe and healthy plants in yield.

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a composition for enhancing the growth and nutritional status of leaf vegetables containing bio-tea as an active ingredient,

The present invention relates to a composition for hydroponics which improves the growth and nutritional status of leaf vegetables containing bio-tea as an active ingredient.

The medium that has been developed and used for hydroponic cultivation now includes agar-lava (medium rock surface) medium, granular rock medium, pearlite medium, mixed medium of pearlite and granular rock surface, mixed medium of pearlite and milk, and puffy rice hull culture medium. These mediums are dominated by hydroponic cultivation. The use of medium for hydroponics is divided into 36% of perlite and 34.6% of rock surface in 2004.

However, when cultivated in rocky ground, rocky rock surface mats of at least 100 m 2 and waste rock surface ports of 12 m 2 are discharged at the time of cultivation of 1 ha, causing problems in terms of environment and treatment cost, and pearlite cultivation is performed by filling pearlite and dust And disposal problems have arisen, and the necessity of developing a new environmentally friendly medium has been increased.

As described above, since the above-mentioned problems arise when using and disposing of the inorganic medium, it is required to develop an organic medium which can be easily discarded after use as a medium to replace the inorganic medium.

Organic mediums include coconut, sawdust, rice husk, puffed rice hull, honey, peat moss, and bark. However, if the shelf life of rice is low, , And peat moss and bark are in a state in which physical and chemical properties are not suitable for hydroponic cultivation. Sawdust is difficult to buy in quantity, price is rising due to increased use in livestock farming, and it is low uniformity according to the tree.

[Prior Patent Literature]

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0824973

The present invention solves the above problems and aims to provide a novel hydroponic culture composition which increases the growth of leafy vegetables.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel hydroponic cultivation method for increasing the growth of leafy vegetables.

In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides a composition for growing leafy vegetables for hydroponics, which comprises pearlite and biocha as an active ingredient.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the bio-tea is preferably rice husk, but is not limited thereto, and the combination ratio of the pearlite and bio-tea is preferably 1: 1 (volume ratio), but is not limited thereto.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the leafy vegetables are preferably but not limited to cabbage, dill, mullet, lettuce or tatsoi.

The present invention also provides a method for increasing the freshness, dry weight, number of leaves and growth of leaf vegetables by using pearlite and rice husk biocha as a substrate in hydroponics.

The present invention also provides a composition for increasing the amount of K, Mg, Mn, and Zn in leaves in hydroponic cultivation comprising pearlite and biocha as an active ingredient.

The present invention also provides a composition for inhibiting algae growth in a hydroponic nutrient solution containing pearlite and biocha as an active ingredient.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described.

The present invention investigates whether RB alone or combination with PL as a substrate in a hydroponic culture system can promote the growth of leafy vegetables and remove algae growth from nutrient solutions.

First, we measured the effect of a hydroponic culture system using nutrient film technology compared with rice briquettes (RB) alone or with pearlite (PL) in combination with PL as a substrate for increasing the growth of leafy vegetables.

(1: 1 ratio of PL to RB, v / v) substrate for 30 days under optimal environmental conditions in the greenhouse. .

The length and fresh / dry weight of cabbage, dill, and lettuce grown on RB substrates were reduced by 49% compared to those grown on PL substrates. On the other hand, the PL + RB substrate increased about twice the fresh / dry weight, leaf number and sprout length of leaf vegetables compared with those grown on PL substrate. Leaf nutrient composition (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Fe, and Zn) and nitrogen status (SPAD index) of plants grown on PL + RB and PL substrates suggest the existence of optimal growth conditions do. In addition, the RB substrate contributed 1.2-3.5 fold increase in leaf K, Mg, Mn, and Zn amounts in most plants compared to those grown in PL substrates. RB alone or in combination with PL substrates reduced algae growth in nutrient solutions as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy of microalgae on the RB surface.

   The combination of PL and RB as a hydroponic substrate increased the yield of about 2 - fold leafy vegetables compared to plants grown with pearlite alone. However, yields of cabbage, dill and lettuce grown on RB substrate decreased by 16.3% -91.7% compared to those grown on PL substrate. Leaf nutritional composition of plants grown on PL + RB and PL substrates suggests optimal growth conditions to ensure high yield. In addition, the amount of K, Mg, Mn, and Zn in leaves was 1.2-3.5-fold higher in most plants than in the PL substrate. In addition, RB reduces algal growth and thus ensures the safety of plants for human consumption. Hydroponic cultivation of cabbage, mullein and lettuce in PL + RB substrates can now be recommended using nutrient solutions. PL + RB substrates can be recommended as an excellent hydroponic culture substrate to regulate algal growth in nutrient solutions and to obtain safe and healthy plants with high yields.

Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is an SEM photograph of pearlite (PL: a) and rice bran biocar (RB: b) substrates.
Figure 2 is a scanning micrograph of pearlite (PL: a, b, c) and rice bran bio-tea (RB: d, e, f) substrates after hydroponic cultivation system produces leafy vegetables for 30 days. Several microalgae cells (indicated by black arrows) are adsorbed on PL (b and c), and RB (e and f) substrates. RB On the surface, the beneficial microorganism (d) is indicated by a red square and a black arrow.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between pellet (PL: a), rice bark biocar (RB: b), and a combination of two species (PL + RB: c) (d, e).
4 shows the growth of microalgae (a) in the nutrient solution of the vegetable cultivation vessel for the leaf vegetables grown in the pearlite substrate after 10 days in the system, in combination with rice bacterium (RB, b) alone or with pearlite (d) 30 days of hydrolytically cultivated leafy vegetables showed maximum root growth in the PL + RB substrate.

The present invention will now be described in more detail by way of non-limiting examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and the scope of the present invention is not to be construed as being limited by the following examples.

Example  1: Hydroponic cultivation substrate and vegetable variety

Perlite (PL), hydroponic substrate (average particle size, 1.2 mm; GFC Co., Ltd., Korea) and RB (≤2 mm; produced at 500 ° C, DAEWON GSI Co., Korea) Respectively. PL and RB substrates were identified using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; Model S-4300, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). A scanning electron micrograph showing their surface structure of PL and RB substrates is shown in Fig. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the surface of PL is irregular and porous while that of RB is covered with small irregular morphology particles arranged well. Hybridization difference varnish cabbage (Asia Alpine F1;. Brassica rapa L. ssp pekinensis), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), mallow (Malva verticillata L.), jeoksangchu (Lactuca sativa L.), and tatsoi (Brassica There is rapa . rosularis ) were purchased from a Korean company (Asia Seed Co., Ltd. and Jeil Seed & Agricultural Products Co., Ltd.).

Example  2: Growth of nursery seedlings

Seeded on a 128-cell plug tray (Bumnong. Co., Ltd., Korea) filled with commercial growth substrate (BM2; Berger Group Ltd., Canada) on April 11, 2015, Respectively. The BM2 growth substrate consisted of 70% -80% fine sphagnum peat moss, Fine PL, and Fine burumite. The seedlings trays were fed with fertilizer by Wonder Grow fertilizer (Chobi Co., Ltd., Korea) twice a week overhead method. A single, vigorous 30 - day - old seedlings were washed with tap water to remove the growth substrate and transplanted into the pot.

Example  3: Hydroponic cultivation experiment

Six nutrition film technology Hydroponic cultivation system was purchased from company (Easy-Farm, Korea). The hydroponic cultivation system consisted of a nutrient solution vessel (30 L) and a 20 W Young IL water pump (model YI-20; Fig. S1) with an area of 105 cm x 40 cm and a height of 167 cm. For more detailed information, please refer to Easy-Farm's website ( http://www.easy-farm.com ).

Uniform seedlings of each plant seed were planted in plastic pots (4.5 cm x 3 cm x 4.5 cm) and filled with PL, RB, or a combination of both (PL: RB at a 1: 1 ratio (v / v) Respectively. Experimental group with hydroponic growth system was placed in the greenhouses of farms of Kangwon National University, Kangwon National University, where roofs were opened and closed automatically for 30 days. The plants were grown in the same manner as Siddiqui et al. (Siddiqui, ZA, Iqbal, A., Mahmood, I., 2001. Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens and fertilizers on the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita and growth of tomato, Appl. Soil Ecol. 16, 179-185) Lt; / RTI > under greenhouse conditions.

In summary, the average temperature was maintained at 18 ° C (night) and 25-28 ° C (day), while the humidity remained in the 70% -85% range. The mobile hydroponic unit was randomly arranged in the greenhouse and the maximum temperature (about 32 ° C at night) was automatically shaded from 11:00 am to 2:00 pm with a knitted shade and lowered using a fan. Two hydroponic cultivation systems were used as clones for each growth condition and seedlings of five plant varieties were randomly arranged in each system. The hydroponic cultivation system operated continuously at a water flow rate of 2.5 L / min.

Example  4: nutrient solution

A high EC-low pH nutrient solution was prepared from Wonder Grow Fertilizers (Chobi Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) and used for growing leafy vegetables in a hydroponic culture system (Vu, N.-T., Kim, Y.-S., Kang, H.-M., Kim, I.-S., 2014. Effect of Red LEDs during Healing and Acclimatization Process on the Survival Rate and Quality of Grafted Tomato Seedlings. 23, 43-49; Wortman, SE, 2015. Crop physiological response to nutrient solution electrical conductivity and pH in an ebb-and-flow hydroponic system. Sci. Hortic., 194, 34-42). In RB and PL alone or in combination (PL + RB), the pH of the nutrient solution was 5.8, 5.4, and 5.6, while the ECs were 1.6, 1.3, and 1.5 dS / m, respectively. The pH and EC of the nutrient solution were maintained at 5.8 and 1.5 dS / m, respectively, by replacing the solution in the hydroponic culture vessel every 10 days. Table 1 shows the chemical properties of the nutrient solution used in the present invention.

Example  5: Growth parameters

Leaf chlorophyll content was determined by the method of Richardson et al. (Rajkovich, S., Enders, A., Hanley, K., Hyland, C., Zimmerman, AR, Lehmann, J., 2012. Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil. (Konica Minolta, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) using a Minolta SPAD 502Plus chlorophyll meter. All plant crops were harvested 30 days after planting. Plants were rinsed with tap water, rinsed thoroughly with deionized water, and then split into larvae and roots. The selected parameters were measured in replicates (n = 5) per plant / treat. Shoot length was measured with a ruler. Fresh weight of sprouts and roots were recorded. The leaves were separated from the spikes and the number of leaves was counted. The total leaf area of each plant was measured using an area measuring system (Delta-T Devices Ltd. Co., Burwell, Cambridge, England). The larvae and roots were dried in an electric oven at 70 ° C for 48 hours and the dry weight of the larvae and roots was recorded.

Example  6: Chemical analysis

The pH and EC values of the hydroponic nutrient solution were measured using a pH-EC meter (Orion 3 Star; Thermo, USA). A triple dried leaf sample per treated plant was ground and ground in a microwave (1600 W) using EPA Method 3052 (USEPA, E.) at 175 ± 5 ° C using 10 mL 60% HNO ₃ and 2 mL 30% H ₂ O ₂ . , 1995. Method 3052: Microwave assisted acid digestion of siliceous and organically based matrices. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. Then, the concentration of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc And analyzed using atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES; Perkin Elmer Optima, USA).

Example  7: scanning electron Microscopic method

Samples of each hydroponic substrate were collected at harvest time. Due to the growth of algae, green particles were selected and frozen. Adsorption of microalgae on the surface of each hydroponic substrate was confirmed by using ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscope (HI-9116-0002; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The microscope operated at 15 keV EDS (energy dispersive spectra) to quantify the elemental composition of hydroponic substrates.

The leaf nutrition composition (n = 3) and average growth parameters (n = 5) of leaf vegetables were analyzed using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference test with significance level of P <0.05 (SAS, 2004) Respectively. Data was analyzed using SAS / STAT 9.1. Mean standard deviations were calculated from the triplicate and triplicate experiments for growth and leaf nutrient composition, respectively.

Leafy  growth

Several substrates affected the roots and bud freshness and dry weight and bud length of all tested leafy vegetables; Leaf area of dill and lettuce; dill, mallow, and chlorophyll content of resident leaves (Table 2). However, the number of leaves of all tested leafy vegetables; leaf area of cabbage, mallow, and tatsoi; And chlorophyll amount of tatsoi leaves were not significantly affected (Table 2).

Fresh and dry weight and shoot length of larvae and roots grown hydroponically in PL + RB substrate were significantly increased; This characteristic increased about 1.7-fold compared to plants grown on PL substrate alone (Table 2). In the RB substrate, the height of the larvae, the fresh weight of the larvae, and the freshness and dry weight of the roots were increased by 1-1.4-fold compared to those grown on the PL substrate. In addition, the RB substrate increased the fresh and dry weight of tatsoi roots by 36.5% and 42.1%, respectively, compared to plants grown on PL substrates.

On the other hand, the cabbage, dill and lettuce grown on the RB substrate were significantly higher than those grown on the PL substrate (0.1% -47.8%), fresh weight (16.3% -91.7%) and dried weight (55.8% -87.1% %), Fresh weight of root (22.7% -63.6% /) and dry weight of root (19.4% -65.9%). Lettuce cultivated hydroponically from RB substrate showed the maximum decrease by 7.7- / 12.1-fold in freshness and dry weight of fresh shoots than in plants grown in PL substrate.

In PL + RB, the leaf area of cultivated plants increased 1.6 times compared with plants grown in PL substrate. The number of leaves, leaf area (except for males), and leaf chlorophyll content of irradiated plants grown on PL + RB substrates were not significantly different from those on PL substrates (Table 2). In addition, the total leaf area of the leaf vegetables grown on the RB substrate was not different from that of the plants grown on the PL substrate except for 56% and 92.5% reduction in the leaf area of the dill and lettuce plants.

SPAD values were much lower (17.4% -24.4%) in the RB substrate than in the PL substrate. The chlorophyll content of cabbage and tatsoi leaves grown on RB substrate was not significantly different from that of the PL substrate (Table 2). These results indicate that the RB substrate reduces the growth and yield of cabbage, ELF, and lettuce plants, but not the malt or tatsoi plants (Table 2).

Therefore, the combination of PL + RB substrate with pearlite and rice bran biocide showed a significant increase in the yield of leaf vegetables compared with plants grown with PL substrate alone (Table 2).

Leaf nutrition composition

The changes in the amounts of leaf nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn) of RB, PL and their combinations and the irradiated plants are shown in Table 3. Several substrates were found in the amount of leaf Ca in lettuce and lettuce; Leaves from cabbage, dill and mullet Mg amount; Leaves from Cabbage and Mullet K Sheep; Dill, lettuce and leaves from tatsoi; Leaf Mn amount in all tested leafy vegetables; leaf Zn amount in cabbage, dill, mullet and tatsoi; And leaf Na in cabbage and dill (Table 3). However, several substrates were found in the amount of leaf Ca in cabbage and dill; Mg amount of leaf in lettuce and tatsoi; Dill, lettuce and leaves from tatsoi K sheep; Leaves from cabbage and mullet leaves; Leaf Zn content in lettuce; And leaf Na in males, lettuce and tatsoi (Table 3).

The leaf Ca content of the plants grown on the irradiated substrate showed similar tendency except for the cultivated Awook and lettuce in RB. In the RB substrate, the amount of Ca 2+ and Ca 2+ in lettuce increased by 1.1-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared to that in PL substrate (Table 3). Levels of leaf Mg in cabbage, dill and mullet grown on RB substrates increased 1.2-1.6-fold compared to plants grown in PL or PL + RB. Cabbage and mulberry plants grown on PL + RB substrates increased leaf K (1.3-fold) compared to plants grown on PL substrate.

Plants grown on RB and PL + RB substrates were more abundant compared to the amounts of leaf Mn (2- and 1.6-fold increase on average) compared to plants grown on PL substrates. The amount of leaf Zn in cabbage, dill and mullet cultivated in RB increased significantly (average 3.5-fold) compared to plants grown in PL substrate, while the amount of Na in leaves of cabbage and dill grown on RB and PL + RB substrates was smaller Table 3).

Surface morphology of substrates

Surface morphology of PL, RB, and PL + RB substrates was investigated at harvest using SEM-EDS. Oval and spherical microalgae grew in the surface and nutrient solutions of PL substrates (FIG. 2 and Table 4).

The microalgae cells were collected and adsorbed on the surface of the PL substrate and the micropores of the RB particles (Fig. 2, black arrow). Salts precipitated into white clusters on the substrate surface. The lyophilization of the hydroponic culture substrate preserved the avian cell shape and became flat with a confluent homogeneous layer. Microalgae growth was higher in the PL substrate than in the RB substrate. In addition, the PL + RB substrate induced some beneficial fungal / microbial growth (Table 4).

Nutrient solution (mg / L) Common range (mg / L)
(Ferguson et al., 1978; Jones Jr., 2016) N 110 49 to 210 PO ₄ -P 48 15 to 192 K 150 - Ca 110 80 to 200 Mg 30 24 to 60 Fe 0.35 - Mn 0.35 - Zn 0.06 0 to 0.146 B 0.1 -

 Table 1 shows the chemical properties of the nutrient solution used in the present invention

Table 2 shows the growth parameters of leaf vegetables grown on pearlite, rice bran bio-tea, and two combinations of substrates in a hydroponic culture system

Substrate /
vegetable Ca Mg K Fe Mn Zn Na Cabbage PL ^a 1.80 ± 0.090 a 0.45 ± 0.005 c 5.84? 0.149 b 0.008 ± 0.001 a 0.034 ± 0.003 b 0.011 ± 0.002 b 0.193 + 0.019 a RB 1.89 + 0.123 a 0.54 + 0.013 a 6.31 + - 0.114 b 0.008 ± 0.001 a 0.065 ± 0.004 a 0.034 + 0.001 a 0.116 + 0.014 b PL + RB 2.08? 0.114a 0.49 ± 0.009 b 7.45 + 0.063 a 0.008 ± 0.001a 0.058 ± 0.004 a 0.019 ± 0.002 b 0.106 ± 0.005 b Dill PL 0.82 ± 0.043 a 0.29 + 0.010 b 7.60 + - 0.210 a 0.008 ± 0.001 a 0.033 0.001 c 0.009 + - 0.0002 c 0.231 + 0.024 a RB 0.93 + 0.074 a 0.38 + 0.023 a 7.47 ± 0.379 a 0.004 ± 0.0001 b 0.057 0.002 a 0.030 0.001 a 0.149 ± 0.008 b PL + RB 0.93 + 0.032 a 0.29 + 0.010 b 8.48 ± 0.479 a 0.006 ± 0.0004 a 0.046 ± 0.002 b 0.013 ± 0.001 b 0.135 + 0.010 b Mallow PL 1.60 + 0.050 b 0.34 + 0.015 b 5.05 + - 0.248 b 0.008 ± 0.001 a 0.030 0.001 c 0.007 ± 0.0003 b 0.067 0.011 a RB 2.15 + 0.067 a 0.55 0.016 a 6.42 ± 0.227 a 0.007 ± 0.0005 a 0.119 + 0.010 a 0.029 ± 0.002 a 0.072 ± 0.006 a PL + RB 1.58 + 0.029 b 0.40 ± 0.020 b 6.58 + 0.092 a 0.007 ± 0.001 a 0.061 0.005 b 0.010 0.001 b 0.057 ± 0.0003 a Red Lettuce PL 0.87 + 0.022 a 0.41 ± 0.009 a 6.62 ± 0.162 a 0.010 0.001 a 0.038 ± 0.002 b 0.008 ± 0.001 a 0.087 ± 0.008 a RB 0.62 ± 0.053 b 0.39 ± 0.029 a 5.98 ± 0.241 a 0.007 ± 0.0004 b 0.029 ± 0.004 b 0.010 0.002 a 0.057 ± 0.004 a PL + RB 0.86 ± 0.017 a 0.37 + 0.023 a 6.60 + 0.173 a 0.009 ± 0.0005 a 0.060 0.002 a 0.010 + 0.0004 a 0.081 0.011 a Tatsoi PL 1.57 ± 0.051 a 0.57 + 0.040 a 7.16 ± 0.229 a 0.008 ± 0.0004 b 0.051 ± 0.002 b 0.021 0.004 b 0.157 ± 0.007 a RB 1.61 + - 0.104 a 0.57 + 0.024 a 7.11 ± 0.172 a 0.006 ± 0.0001 c 0.076 ± 0.006 a 0.037 ± 0.006 a 0.102 0.014 a PL + RB 1.69 ± 0.161 a 0.55 0.028 a 8.50 ± 0.620 a 0.010 + 0.0002 a 0.067 ± 0.002 ab 0.027 ± 0.003 b 0.193 + 0.081 a

Table 3 shows the leaf nutrient composition (% standard deviation, n = 3) of leafy vegetables grown on a substrate of pearlite, rice bran bio-tea and two combinations in a hydroponic culture system. ^a PL: pearlite substrate as ^a control; RB: rice bran bio-tea substrate; PL + RB: ratio of PL to RB is 1: 1, v / v.

Different letters in each column indicate significant differences in plants at P ≤ 0.05.

Element PL alone PL in
PL + RB RB alone RB in
PL + RB microalgae C - 28.16 26.56 23.56 36.66 O 40.56 39.85 36.12 13.43 39.47 Na 1.56 1.26 - - 1.11 Mg 0.26 - - 0.13 0.26 Al 11.71 4.04 0.20 1.23 2.98 Si 35.89 23.23 35.77 56.12 16.45 S 1.87 - - - 0.68 K 5.04 2.39 0.37 1.98 1.87 Ca 2.15 0.55 0.41 0.64 0.52 Mn - - - 1.29 - Fe 0.96 0.52 0.57 1.62 - SEM image

Table 4 summarizes the 30 day Table showing the element composition (%) determined using an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of pearlite, rice bran biochambers and two combinations of substrates after hydroponic cultivation experiments. PL: pearlite substrate as a control; RB: rice bran bio-tea substrate; PL + RB: ratio of PL to RB is 1: 1, v / v.

Claims (12)

delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete A composition for inhibiting the growth of algae in a hydroponic nutrient solution comprising pearlite and biocha as an active ingredient. 12. The method of claim 11,
Wherein the bio-tea is rice hull.

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