KR101793754B1 - Methods of forming enhanced-surface walls for use in apparatae - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of forming a reinforced-surface wall for performing a process is disclosed. The method comprising: providing a predetermined length of material having opposing initial surfaces, the material having a longitudinal centerline located substantially midway between the surfaces, each of the initial surfaces having an initial surface Having a density; Imprinting an auxiliary pattern having surface densities above each of the initial surfaces to twist the material; And imprinting a main pattern having a surface density on each of such warped surfaces to further warp the material and further increase the surface density on each of the surfaces.

Description

METHODS OF FORMING ENHANCED-SURFACE WALLS FOR USE IN APPARATAE FOR USE IN A DEVICE

Cross-reference to related application

This application claims the benefit of U. S. Provisional Patent Application No. 12 / 754,094, filed April 5, 2010, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 295,653, filed January 15, 2010, The disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Technical field

The present invention generally relates to a method of forming a reinforced-surface wall for use in an apparatus for performing a process (e.g., a heat transfer apparatus, a fluid mixing apparatus, etc.), a reinforced-surface wall itself, ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > - < / RTI >

It is known to provide reinforced-surface walls for use in heat exchangers and fluid-mixing devices. These walls are typically impressed on the walls to increase surface area, improve fluid mixing, promote turbulence, break up the boundary layer adjacent to the surface, improve heat transfer, It has a plurality of characters.

US 5,052,476 A discloses a U-shaped primary groove, a V-shaped secondary groove, and a pear-shaped tertiary groove to increase turbulence and reflux efficiency The branch releases the heat transfer tube. The tube is first formed as a plate and then rolled into a tube, where adjacent ends of the tube are then welded together. It is described that the depth of the auxiliary groove is 50 to 100% of the depth of the main groove.

US 5,259,448 A discloses a heat transfer tube having a main groove formed in a rectangular shape and a narrow auxiliary groove intersecting the main groove at an angle. The device is described as being flat formed, rolled or curled and subsequently welded. The depth of the narrow groove is described to be 0.02 millimeters (mm). It is described that the depth of the main groove is 0.20 to 0.30 mm.

US 5,332,034 A discloses a heat exchanger tube having longitudinally-extending, circumferentially-spaced ribs with a notched parallelogram to increase turbulence and increase heat transfer performance.

US 5,458,191 A discloses a heat exchanger tube having a notched parallelepipedic surface and a rib spirally wound circumferentially spaced apart.

US 6,182, 743 B1 discloses a heat transfer tube with a polyhedral array to enhance heat transfer properties. The polyhedral array can be applied to the inner and outer tube surfaces. These references can indicate the use of ribs, pins, coatings and inserts to break up the boundary layer.

US 6,176, 301 discloses a heat transfer tube having a polyhedral array with a crack-like cavity on at least two surfaces of the polyhedron.

US 2005/0067156 A1 discloses a heat transfer tube that is cooled or forge-welded and has a dimpled pattern of various shapes on it.

US 2005/0247380 A1 discloses heat transfer tubes of tin-brass alloys to resist formic (i.e., ant-like) corrosion.

US 2009/0008075 A1 discloses a heat transfer tube having an array of polyhedra, and the second array is arranged at an angle to the array.

US 5,351, 397 A discloses a roll-formed nucleate boiling plate having a first pattern of grooves separated by ridges and a second pattern of shallow grooves machined into the ridges . And the second pattern depth is about 10 to 50% of the depth of the first pattern.

US 7,032,654 B2 discloses a heat exchanger having a pin with a reinforcing surface and having a hole in the pin.

US 4,663,243 A discloses a heat exchanger tube having a flame-sprayed ferrous alloy enhanced boiling surface.

Finally, US 4,753,849 discloses a heat exchanger tube with a porous coating to enhance heat transfer.

The reference numerals in parentheses for corresponding parts, portions or surfaces of one or more embodiments of the disclosed embodiments are intended to be illustrative, not limiting, and the present invention is broadly applicable to: (1) (2) a reinforced-surface wall itself, and (3) a reinforced-surface wall, such as a reinforced-surface wall, for use in a device (e.g., a heat transfer device, fluid mixing device, Provides a variety of devices that combine with walls.

In one aspect, the present invention provides an improved method of forming a reinforced-surface wall 20 for use in an apparatus for carrying out a process, the method comprising the steps of: (a) Providing a length of material (21), the material having a longitudinal centerline (xx) located substantially intermediate between the initial surfaces, the material having a length from the centerline to the centerline Each of the initial surfaces having an initial surface density measured to a point on a surface of one of the initial surfaces located farthest away and each of the initial surfaces having an initial surface density, Defined as the number of characters on the surface; An auxiliary pattern (23a, 23b) having an auxiliary pattern surface density is impressed on each of the initial surfaces to twist the material, increase the auxiliary pattern surface density on each of the surfaces, Increasing the lateral size of the material to the farthest point of the material; And imprinting the main pattern (25a, 25b) having the main pattern surface density on each of the twisted surfaces so as to further twist the material and further increase the main pattern surface density on each of the surfaces; Provides a reinforced-surface wall for use in an apparatus for performing a process.

Each of the auxiliary pattern surface densities may be greater than the respective main pattern surface densities.

The step of impregnating the auxiliary pattern on each of the initial surfaces may comprise: an additional step of cold working the material.

The step of imprinting the main pattern onto each of the twisted surfaces may comprise cold working the material.

The auxiliary patterns may be the same.

The auxiliary patterns can be changed relative to one another such that the maximum size from the centerline to one warped surface corresponds to the minimum size from the centerline to the remaining warped surface.

Wherein the step of impregnating the auxiliary patterns with respect to the material further comprises the step of immersing the maximum traverse size of the material from the centerline to the farthest point of the tortuous material to a maximum lateral dimension of 135 from the centerline to the farthest point on the initial surface % ≪ / RTI >

Wherein the step of impregnating the auxiliary patterns on the material further comprises the step of compressing the auxiliary pattern from the centerline to the farthest point of the twisted material by a maximum lateral dimension of 150% Lt; / RTI >

Wherein the step of impregnating the auxiliary patterns with respect to the material comprises the step of providing a material having a maximum transverse dimension of the material from the centerline to the farthest point of the tortuous material to a maximum transverse dimension of 300 from the centerline to the farthest point on the initial surface % ≪ / RTI >

Wherein the step of impregnating the auxiliary patterns with respect to the material comprises the step of providing a material having a maximum transverse dimension of the material from the centerline to the farthest point of the tortuous material to a maximum transverse dimension of 700 from the centerline to the farthest point on the initial surface % ≪ / RTI >

Wherein the step of impregnating the auxiliary patterns on the material is such that when measured from any point on one of such wobbled surfaces to the nearest point on the facing one of such wobbled surfaces, But may not be reduced to less than 95% of the minimum size from any point on one of the surfaces to the closest point on the facing initial surface.

Wherein the step of impregnating the auxiliary patterns onto the material is such that when measured from any point on one of the twisted surfaces to the closest point on the facing surface of such twisted surfaces, It may not be reduced to less than 50% of the minimum size from any point on one of the initial surfaces to the closest point on the facing initial surface.

The main patterns may be the same.

The main patterns may be altered relative to one another so that the maximum size from the centerline to one add-twisted surface will correspond to the minimum size from the centerline to the other add-twisted surface.

Wherein the step of imprinting the main patterns onto the material further comprises the steps of: when a minimum magnitude of the additional-twisted material is measured from the centerline to an arbitrary point on either of the additional-twisted surfaces, Of the minimum size of the material when measured to either surface of the substrate.

Wherein the step of imprinting the main pattern onto the material further comprises the step of, when measured from the centerline to any point on either of the additional-twisted surfaces, , It may not be reduced to less than 50% of the minimum size of the material.

The step of imprinting the main pattern onto each of the surfaces may further increase the size from the centerline to the farthest point of the add-twisted material.

The facing surfaces of the material may initially be planar.

The step of imprinting the patterns may comprise imprinting the patterns by at least one of stiffening, stamping, rolling, pressing and embossing operations.

Bending the reinforcing-surface wall such that proximal ends are located proximate to each other; And attaching proximal ends of the material to each other to form a reinforced-surface tube.

The step of joining the proximal ends of the material to each other may include the step of welding the proximal ends of the material to connect the proximal ends of the material to each other.

The method may further comprise the step of providing a hole through the material.

The method may further comprise the additional step of installing a reinforcing-surface wall in the heat exchanger.

The method may further comprise the step of installing a reinforced-surface wall in the fluid-handling device.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a reinforced-surface wall manufactured by the method defined by any of the preceding steps.

The main patterns may be directional or non-directional.

The auxiliary patterns may be directional or non-directional.

The wall conforms to one or more of the following ASME / ASTM designations: A249 / A, A135, A370, A751, E213, E273, E309, E1806, A691, A139, A213, A214 , A268, A269, A270, A312, A334, A335, A498, A631, A671, A688, A691, A778, A299 / A, A789, A789 / A, A789 / M, A790, A803, A480, A763, A941, A1016 , A1012, A1047 / A, A250, A771, A826, A851, B674, E112, A370, A999, E381, E426, E527, E340, A409, A358, A262, A240, A537, A530, A435, A387, , A20, A577, A578, A285, E165, A380, A262 and A179. The aggregate disclosure of each of these assignments is hereby incorporated by reference.

The material may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

The material may be provided with a coating on at least a portion of the surface of one of the initial surfaces.

At least a portion of the surface of one of the initial surfaces may be chemically treated.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an improved heat transfer device that combines with an enhanced reinforced-surface wall.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an improved fluid-handling device that combines with an enhanced reinforced-surface wall.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an improved reinforced-surface wall 20 for use in an apparatus for carrying out a process, the reinforced-surface wall comprising: a substrate having opposing initial surfaces 21a, 21b A material (21) of predetermined length, said material having a longitudinal centerline (xx) located substantially midway between said initial surfaces, said material comprising a plurality of initial surfaces Each of said initial surfaces having an initial surface density, said surface density being defined as the number of characters (including zero) on the surface per unit of planned surface area , A material of a predetermined length; Ancillary patterns (23) having an auxiliary pattern surface density imprinted on each of the initial surfaces, said auxiliary patterns twisting the material, increasing the second pattern surface density on the surface of each of said surfaces, Auxiliary patterns that increase the lateral size of the material to the farthest point of the material; And main patterns 25 having a main pattern surface density that is imprinted on each of these tortuous surfaces and further twisting the material and further increasing the main pattern surface density on the surface of each of the surfaces, .

Each of the auxiliary pattern surface densities may be greater than the respective main pattern surface densities.

The auxiliary patterns may be the same.

The auxiliary patterns can be varied with respect to each other so that the maximum size from the centerline to the twisted surface will correspond to the minimum size from the centerline to the other twisted surface.

The maximum transverse dimension of the material from the centerline to the farthest point of the tortuous material may be less than 135% of the maximum transverse dimension from the centerline to the farthest point.

The maximum transverse dimension of the material from the centerline to the farthest point of the twisted material may be less than 150% of the maximum transverse dimension from the centerline to the farthest point.

The maximum transverse dimension of the material from the centerline to the farthest point of the material may be less than 300% of the maximum transverse dimension from the centerline to the farthest point on the initial surface.

The maximum transverse dimension from the centerline to the farthest point of the twisted material may be less than 700% of the maximum transverse dimension from the centerline to the farthest point of the initial material.

When measured from any point on one of these twisted surfaces to the nearest point on a facing one of these twisted surfaces, the minimum size of the material is determined from the initial It may be at least 95% of the minimum size to the closest point on the surface.

When measured from any point on one of these twisted surfaces to the nearest point on a facing one of these twisted surfaces, the minimum size of the material is determined from the initial It may be at least 50% of the minimum size to the closest point on the surface.

The main patterns may be the same or different.

The main patterns can be varied with respect to each other such that the maximum magnitude from the centerline to one further twisted surface corresponds to a minimum magnitude from the centerline to the additional twisted surface.

The minimum size of the add-twisted material as measured to any point on any of the add-twisted surfaces from the centerline may be at least 95% of the minimum size of the material as measured from the centerline to any of the initial surfaces.

The minimum size of the add-twisted material when measured to any point on any of the add-twisted surfaces from the centerline may be 50% or more of the minimum size of the material as measured from the centerline to any of the initial surfaces.

The imprinted main pattern can be further increased in size from the center line to the farthest point of the add-twisted material.

Accordingly, one object is to provide an improved method of forming a reinforced-surface wall for use in an apparatus for performing a process.

Another object is to provide an improved reinforced-surface wall.

Another object is to provide an improved apparatus for bonding with an enhanced reinforced-surface wall.

These and other objects and advantages will become apparent from the detailed description, drawings, and appended claims set forth above and below.

1A is a schematic plan view of a material of predetermined length showing auxiliary 1 and main 1 patterns being imprinted on the material;
Figure 1B is a side view of the structure schematically shown in Figure IA.
2A is an enlarged plan view of an auxiliary 1 pattern, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, imprinted into a material. FIG.
Fig. 2b is an enlarged plan view of the main pattern 1 imprinted into the sheet of supplied material, and the scale of Fig. 2b is the same as the scale of Fig. 2a.
Fig. 2C is a plan view of the overlapping main 1 and auxiliary 1 patterns, as shown in Figs. 1A and 1B, imprinted into the material, with the scale of Fig. 2C being the same as that of Figs. 2A and 2B.
FIG. 3A is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a largely enlarged portion of the material prior to imprinting the auxiliary 1 pattern on the material, which is taken entirely on line 3A-3A of FIG. 1A.
FIG. 3B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of the larg-enlarged portion taken entirely on line 3B-3B of FIG. 2A, showing the auxiliary 1 patterns imprinted onto the material.
3C is a cross-sectional side view of a largely-enlarged portion taken entirely on line 3C-3C of FIG. 2B, showing main patterns 1 imprinted into the material.
FIG. 3D is a cross-sectional view of a greatly enlarged portion, taken entirely on line 3D-3D in FIG. 2C, showing primary 1 and auxiliary 1 patterns imprinted into the material.
Figure 4 is a schematic transverse vertical cross-sectional view showing how the auxiliary 1 pattern is imprinted into the material.
5A is a schematic diagram showing how a point-to-point wall thickness of a flat sheet is measured.
Figure 5b is a schematic diagram showing how the point-to-point wall thickness of the material is measured after the auxiliary 1 patterns are imprinted in the material.
Figure 5c is a schematic diagram showing how the point-to-point wall thickness of the main 1 patterns is measured.
FIG. 5D is a schematic diagram showing how the point-to-point wall thickness of the finished reinforced-surface material is measured, which has an overlapping main 1 and auxiliary 1 patterns that are imprinted on the material.
6A is a schematic diagram showing how the area thickness of a flat sheet is measured.
6B is a schematic diagram showing how the area wall thickness is measured after the auxiliary 1 pattern is imprinted on the material.
6C is a schematic diagram showing how the area wall thickness is measured after the main 1 patterns are imprinted thereon.
6D is a schematic diagram showing how the area wall thickness of the reinforcing-surface wall is measured after the main 1 and auxiliary 1 patterns are imprinted on the material.
7A is a plan view showing another main pattern representing the main pattern 2, which is imprinted on the sheet.
7B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken on line 7B-7B of Fig.
Fig. 7C is a cross-sectional horizontal section of the part taken entirely on line 7C-7C of Fig. 7A.
8A is a plan view of a third main pattern, representing a main three pattern, imprinted on a sheet of material.
8B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken generally on line 8B-8B of FIG. 8A.
8C is a partial cross-sectional horizontal section taken entirely on line 8C-8C of Fig. 8A.
Figure 9a is a plan view of another main pattern showing the main pattern 4, which is imprinted into the sheet of material, with the pattern having a character surface density of 0.5.
FIG. 9B is a view similar to FIG. 9A but showing a variation of the main four patterns having a character surface density of 1.0. FIG.
9C is a view similar to FIGS. 9A and 9B, but showing another variant of the main four pattern with a character surface density of 2.0.
Figure 10a is a plan view of another main pattern, representing the main pattern 5, being imprinted on a sheet of material.
10B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken generally on line 10B-10B in FIG. 10A.
10C is a transverse horizontal cross-sectional view of a portion of the material taken in full on line 10C-10C of FIG. 10A.
11A is a plan view of another auxiliary pattern representing an auxiliary 2 pattern, imprinted into the material, showing the individual characters being slightly oval.
11B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of the material taken in full on line 11B-11B of Fig. 11A.
11C is a transverse horizontal cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken in full on line 11C-11C of Fig. 11A.
12A is a plan view of another auxiliary pattern, representing an auxiliary three pattern, which is imprinted onto a material of a predetermined length, which is an illustration showing individual characters that are somewhat lemon shaped.
12B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken in full on line 12B-12B of FIG. 12A.
Figure 12C is a horizontal, horizontal, cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken generally on line 12C-12C in Figure 12A.
13A is a plan view of another main pattern representing the main pattern 6, imprinted into a material of a predetermined length.
13B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken generally on line 13B-13B in Fig.
14A is another example of a cross-directional main pattern, which shows a main pattern 7, imprinted in a material of a predetermined length, and the pattern is directional in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
14B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken in full on line 14B-14B in Fig. 14A. Fig.
14C is a transverse horizontal cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken in full on line 14C-14C of Fig. 14A.
15A is a partial view of a pebble-shaped non-directional pattern, shown as an auxiliary four pattern, which is imprinted on a material of a predetermined length.
15B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken in full on line 15B-15B of Fig. 15A.
15C is a cross-sectional horizontal section of a portion of material taken in full on line 15C-15C of Fig. 15A. Fig.
16A is a plan view of another honeycomb non-directional pattern representing an auxiliary four pattern, which is imprinted on a material of a predetermined length.
16B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken in full on line 16B-16B of Fig. 15A.
16C is a transverse horizontal cross-sectional view of a portion of material taken in full on line 16C-16C of FIG. 16A.
17 is a schematic view of one process for making a reinforced-surface tube.
18A is a side view of a circular tube having an optional coating on an outer surface.
18B is a right end view of the circular tube shown in Fig. 18A. Fig.
Figure 18c is an enlarged detail view of a circular tube taken within the circle shown in Figure 18b, and in particular is a view showing the coating on the outer surface of the tube.
19A is a perspective view of a rectangular tube.
Figure 19b is a partial transverse vertical cross-sectional view taken entirely on line 19B-19B of Figure 19a of a rectangular tube.
Figure 19c is an enlarged detail view of a portion of a wall of a rectangular tube, which is taken within the circle shown in Figure 19b.
20A is a side view of a U-shaped tube.
20B is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a slightly enlarged fragment of a U-shaped tube taken generally on line 20B-20B of FIG. 20A.
Figure 20c is a further enlarged detail view of a portion of the tube wall, which is taken within the indicated circle of Figure 20b.
21A is a side view of a helically wound coil formed of a circular tube having an enhanced inner and outer surface.
21B is a plan view of the coil shown in FIG.
Fig. 21C is an enlarged partial vertical cross-sectional view taken entirely on line 21C-21C of Fig.
Figure 21d is an additional enlargement detail taken in the indicated circle of Figure 21c, showing a portion of the tube wall.
Figure 22 is a schematic view of one process for making reinforced-surface fins.
23A is a front view of a first reinforcing-surface pin having a primary and an auxiliary pattern imprinted thereon and having a cooling tube and a flow through opening;
23B is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of the first reinforcing-surface pin taken entirely on line 23B-23B of FIG.
24A is a front view of a second reinforced-surface pin having a cooler tube and a flow-through opening with a main and auxiliary pattern imprinted thereon.
24B is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of the second reinforcing-surface pin taken entirely on line 24B-24B in Fig.
25A is a front view of a third reinforcing-surface having a cooler tube opening and a smaller flow-through opening.
25B is a front view of a fourth reinforced-surface pin having a cooler tube opening and an intermediate flow-through opening.
25C is a front view of a fifth reinforced-surface pin having a cooler tube opening and a larger flow-through opening.
Figure 25d is a front view of a sixth reinforced-surface pin having a combination of a cooler tube opening and a smaller flow-through opening, an intermediate flow-through opening, and a larger flow-through opening.
25E is a front view of a seventh enforced-surface pin having a cooler tube opening and another combination of a smaller flow-through opening, an intermediate through-hole opening, and a larger flow-through opening.
26 is a schematic diagram of an improved heat exchanger having a reinforced-surface heat transfer tube therein.
27A is a bottom view of an improved fluid cooler having a reinforced-surface tube therein.
27B is a partial horizontal cross-sectional view of the fluid cooler taken entirely on line 27B-27B of Fig.
Figure 27c is a side view of the improved cooler shown in Figure 27a with a cover in place.
27D is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of the fluid cooler taken generally on line 27D-27D of FIG. 27C showing a bottom view of one of the fins.
Figure 27e is an enlarged detail view of a portion of one of the fins, which is taken within the indicated circle of Figure 27d.
28 is a schematic view of a fluid flow container having a reinforcing surface coupled thereto.
29A is a top view of a heat exchanger plate having a reinforcing surface coupled thereto.
Figure 29b is an enlarged detail view of a portion of the heat exchanger plate, which is taken within the circle shown in Figure 29a.

First, like reference numerals are intended to identify like structural elements, parts, or surfaces throughout the several views and such elements, parts, or surfaces may be further described or illustrated by the overall written description, , It is to be understood that this detailed description of the above specification is an integral part. Unless otherwise stated, the drawings are intended to be read as the specification (e.g., cross-hatching, arrangement of parts, ratio, angle, etc.), as part of the overall written description of the present invention Should be considered. The terms "horizontal", "vertical", "left", "right", "upward" and "downward", as well as their adjectives and adverbial terms (eg, Quot ;, "towards ", " toward "," upward ", etc.) refer specifically to the orientation of the structure shown when the drawing is directed to the reader. Similarly, the terms "inner" and "outer ", as appropriate, generally refer to the orientation of the surface with respect to the extension axis, or rotation axis, of the surface. Unless otherwise indicated, all dimensions are given herein and are expressed in inches in the accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1-3 of the drawings, the present invention provides an improved method of forming a reinforced-surface wall 20 for use in an apparatus to roughly form a process . The device may be a heat transfer device, a type of fluid mixing device (with or without adequate heat exchange capability), or some other type of device.

The present application discloses a number of embodiments of reinforced-surface walls having various primary and / or secondary patterns. The first embodiment is shown in Figs. 1A to 6D, the second embodiment is shown in Figs. 7A to 7C, the third embodiment is shown in Figs. 8A to 8C, 9A to 9C, a fifth embodiment is shown in Figs. 10A to 10C, a sixth embodiment is shown in Figs. 11A to 11C, a seventh embodiment is shown in Figs. 12A to 12C, The embodiment is shown in Figs. 13A to 13B, the ninth embodiment is shown in Figs. 14A to 14C, the tenth embodiment is shown in Figs. 15A to 15C, the eleventh embodiment is shown in Figs. 16A to 16C Lt; / RTI > These various patterns may be used in various combinations with one another and do not include all patterns within the scope of the appended claims.

One process for making reinforced-surface tubes is schematically shown in Fig. 17, and several variations of such tubes are shown in Figs. 18A-21D.

One process for making reinforced-surface fins is schematically illustrated in Fig. 22, and several variations of such fins are shown in Figs. 23A-25E.

An improved heat exchanger coupled with the reinforced-surface tube is schematically shown in Fig.

Coolers that engage with such reinforced-surface fins are shown in Figures 27A-27E.

Another fluid flow vessel coupled with reinforced-surfaces is shown in Fig.

Finally, an improved plate with various reinforcement-surfaces is shown in Figures 29a-29b.

These various embodiments and applications will be described sequentially in the future.

1st Example (Fig. 1A To  6d)

The improved method begins with providing a roughly predetermined length of material, wherein the piece of material of a predetermined length is generally indicated by "21 ". This material may be a piece of plate-like stock and may be unfolded from the coil or may have any other source or configuration. The material may be a rectangle having upper and lower initial surfaces 21a and 21b, respectively, of the plane, and may have a longitudinally transverse centerline (x-x) located substantially midway between such initial surfaces. As shown in FIG. 3A, the thickness of the material between the initial surfaces 21a-21b may be about 0.035 inches, so that the nominal spacing from the centerline to either one of the surfaces can be about 0.0175 inches have.

In this first embodiment, the leading edge of the material is passed to the right (in the direction of the arrow marked in Fig. 1A) between a pair of upper and lower first rolls or dies 22a, 22b, The first roll or die of the upper and lower portions of the substrate 1 presses the secondary one pattern into each of the upper and lower surfaces of the material. The upper and lower surfaces of the material after the auxiliary 1 pattern has been imprinted on the upper and lower surfaces of the material are denoted "23a, 23b ", respectively. The material is then translationally moved to the right between each of the upper and lower rolls or dies 24a, 24b of the second pair, and the upper and lower rolls or dies of the second pair are moved to the upper and lower Imprinting on each of the surfaces.

Figures 2a and 3b show the shape and configuration of the material after the auxiliary 1 pattern is imprinted on the material. The auxiliary 1 pattern has the shape of an array of interlocking paving blocks in plan view (FIG. 2A), but it is undulating or sinusoidal in cross-section (FIG. 3B) Shape.

Figures 2b and 3c show the shape of the main 1 pattern when the auxiliary 1 pattern is not imprinted on the sheet of plain stock material but the main 1 pattern is imprinted into the sheet of plain stock material. As shown in FIGS. 2B and 3C, the main pattern 1 is in the form of a series of repeating step-like functions. In Figures 2b and 3c, the upper surface of the material is labeled "25a" and the lower surface of the material is labeled "25b".

Thus, the material from the second die has a main 1 and auxiliary 1 pattern superimposed and imprinted over the material. These upper and lower surfaces of the material including the embossed main 1 and auxiliary 1 patterns are designated "26a "," 26b ", respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the step of impregnating the auxiliary 1 pattern onto the material increases the minimum initial area wall thickness of the material from about 0.035 inches to about 0.045 inches. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3C, the step of imprinting the primary 1 pattern into the initially supplied material increases the initial area wall thickness from about 0.035 inches to about 0.050 inches. However, as shown in FIG. 3D, when the main 1 pattern is superimposed on the auxiliary 2 pattern, the thickness of the material (i.e., 0.045 inch), as twisted by the auxiliary 1 pattern, Twist.

In the attached figures, Figs. 2A-2C are shown on the same scale (as indicated by the size 6.0 x 6.0 on Figs. 2A-2C) and enlarged for the structure shown in Fig. 1A. Figures 3a-3d are also shown at the same scale, which is further enlarged for the scale of Figures 2a-2c and significantly enlarged for the scale of Figures 1a and 1b.

Figure 4 shows how the auxiliary 1 pattern is imprinted into the material. To this end, the top and bottom rolls 22a, 22b carry a wavy sinusoidal auxiliary 1 pattern that is vertically aligned with one another so that the vertices of one pattern are aligned with the valleys of another pattern. The material 21 is only partially deformed by two rolls. Thus, the material has a series of dimple-shaped recesses at "27" and a series of dimple-shaped recesses separated by intermediate arc-shaped convexities individually designated at "28". In an alternative process, the material may be sufficiently deformed or refreshed (coin) between the upper and lower rolls.

In a preferred embodiment, the step of imprinting the primary and auxiliary patterns into the material has the effect of cold working the material. However, in an alternative process, the material can be heated and the process includes hot-working the material. The auxiliary patterns may be the same or may be different from each other. The step of impregnating the auxiliary pattern onto the material may comprise the step of providing a maximum lateral dimension of the material from the centerline to the farthest point of the twisted material in a case from the centerline to the farthest point of the initial surface by up to 135% , 150% in the other case, 300% in the third case, and 700% in the fourth case. The step of impregnating the primary and secondary patterns into the material may include the step of compressing the minimum size of the material to one of the initial surfaces when measured from any point on the surface of one of the twisted surfaces to the nearest point on the facing surface of the twisted surfaces To less than 95% in one case and less than 50% in the second case from a minimum size from any point on the surface of the first surface to the nearest point on the facing initial surface.

The main pattern that is imprinted into the opposing sides of the material may be the same or may be different. The step of imprinting the main pattern into the material further comprises the step of removing the minimum size of the further-twisted surface from the centerline to a point on any one of the further twisted surfaces, When measured to the surface, it does not reduce to less than 95% of the minimum size of the material.

The main patterns that are imprinted into the opposing sides of the material may be the same or may be different. The step of imprinting the main patterns into the material further comprises measuring the minimum size of the further twisted material from the centerline to any one of the initial surfaces, as measured from the centerline to any point on any one of the further twisted surfaces When measured, it does not reduce to less than 50% of the minimum size of the material.

In one embodiment, the step of imprinting the main patterns onto each of the surfaces can further increase the dimension from the centerline to the farthest point of the further twisted material.

The initial surfaces may be flat or may be provided with certain patterns or patterns that are imprinted on the initial surfaces. The step of impregnating the primary and auxiliary patterns onto the material may be performed by a hardening operation, a stamping operation, a rolling operation, a pressing operation, an embossing operation or some other type of process or operation. Similarly, the material can be supplied with cooler tube openings and / or flow through openings whatever the desired pattern is.

The method further comprises the additional step of connecting the closest ends of the material to each other, such as by bending the reinforcing-surface wall so that the nearest ends are adjacent to each other and by welding to form the reinforcing-surface tube . The method may include an additional step of providing a hole through the material.

As described above, the reinforcing-surface wall may also be installed in a heat exchanger, within a certain type of fluid-handling device, or also in another type of device.

The main patterns may be directional or non-directional. Strengthening - The surface wall meets one or more of the following ASME / ASTM designations: A249 / A, A135, A370, A751, E213, E273, E309, E1806, A691, A139, A213, A214, A268, A269, A270, A321 , A334, A335, A498, A631, A671, A688, A691, A778, A299 / A, A789, A789 / A, A789 / M, A790, A803, A480, A763, A941, A1016, A1012, , A771, A826, A851, B674, E112, A370, A999, E381, E426, E527, E340, A409, A358, A262, A240, A537, A530, A 435, A387, A299, A204, A20, A577, A578, A285, E165, A380, A262 and A179. Each of the foregoing assignments is hereby incorporated by reference.

The material may be provided with a coating (e. G., A plating or the like) on at least a portion of one of the initial surfaces, or such initial surface (s) may be chemically treated (e. ). Such coatings and / or chemical treatments may be applied before, during, or after the formation of the reinforced surfaces thereon. As used herein, the term "portion" includes a range of 0 to 100%.

The present invention also includes reinforced-surface walls formed by forging methods.

Figures 5A-5D show how the point-to-point wall thickness is measured during various stages of the method. As used herein, the term "point-to-point wall thickness" means the thickness of the material from a point on one surface of the material to the nearest point on the facing surface of the material. Thus, Figure 5a shows the micrometer when measuring the initial thickness between the flat surfaces 21a, 21b. Figure 5b shows the micrometer when measuring the wall thickness after auxiliary 1 patterns are imprinted on the material. This figure schematically shows two measurement orientations, one measurement orientation being a vertical thickness and the remaining measurement orientation being an angle and the smaller of the two measurement thicknesses can be used. Figure 5c shows how the point-to-point wall thickness is measured when the main pattern is imprinted into the material. Finally, Figure 5d shows the micrometer when the point-to-point wall thickness of the material is measured after the main 1 and auxiliary 1 patterns are imprinted on the material. Here again, the smaller of the two measured thicknesses is used as a measure of the minimum wall thickness. These two cities of the orientation of the micrometer do not encompass all possible orientations of the micrometer.

Figures 6A-6D show how the area thickness of the material during the execution of the method is measured at various stages. The thickness is measured by measuring the vertex-to-vertex distance of the facing surfaces and by compassing several vertices along each of the two surfaces. Thus, Figure 6a shows that the micrometer measures the thickness of the initially supplied material with flat upper and lower surfaces 21a, 21b, respectively. Because these surfaces are flat, the micrometer can simply measure the distance between them. Figure 6b shows the micrometer when measuring the thickness of the material after the auxiliary 1 pattern is imprinted on the material. Note that the micrometer measures the peak-to-vertex thickness of the amplitude of both surfaces. Figure 6c shows the micrometer when measuring the thickness of the material when the main 1 pattern is imprinted on the initially fed material. In this figure, the micrometer again measures the peak-to-peak thickness over a number of characters that are imprinted on the surfaces. Finally, Figure 6d shows the micrometer when measuring the wall thickness of the material after the main 1 and auxiliary 1 patterns are imprinted on the material.

Since the "point-to-point wall thickness" means the thickness from a point on one surface of the material to the nearest point on the facing surface of the material, It is required that this size be measured in all. However, this is usually measured vertically, since "area thickness" refers to the vertex on one surface or the size of the vertex on the facing surface. "Area thickness" preferably includes a plurality of vertices on each surface.

Second Example (Fig. 7 To  7c)

The second main pattern indicating the main pattern 2 is shown in Figs. 7A to 7C, and is generally indicated by "30 ". This pattern is somewhat similar to the raised honeycomb and has a top surface 31a and a bottom surface 31b. This pattern is directional in the vertical direction, but non-directional in the horizontal direction. Vertical and horizontal transverse cross-sections are shown in Figures 7b and 7c.

Third Example 8A To  8c)

Figs. 8A to 8C show another furrow type main pattern, which indicates the main three patterns. This pattern is generally indicated by "32 ". This pattern is directional in the vertical direction, but non-directional in the horizontal direction. Vertical and horizontal transverse sections are shown in Figures 8B-8C. This pattern has a sinusoidal undulation in each of two orthogonal transverse directions on the upper surface and the lower surface of the material, although the period is different.

Fourth Example (Fig. 9 To  9c)

Figs. 9A to 9C show other auxiliary patterns indicating the auxiliary two patterns. This pattern consists of a series of dimple-shaped indents on one surface and vertically aligned convex portions on the facing surface. These dimples can be arranged in a shifted fashion as desired or arranged in a line. This pattern is generally shown as having " 34 "in Figure 9a and having a top surface 35a.

Figures 9b and 9c show density variations for the pattern shown in Figure 9a. In Fig. 9, the pattern is denoted by "34" and the upper surface is denoted by "35a ". The surface density of the dimpled character in the pattern 34 shown in FIG. 9A is 0.5 of the surface density for the deformed pattern 34 'shown in FIG. 9B and the additional deformed pattern 34 "shown in FIG. The surface density of the dimpled character of Figure 9B is twice the surface density of Figure 9B, the surface density of the dimpled character of Figure 9B is twice the surface density of the dimpled character of Figure 9B. Which is twice the surface density and four times the surface density of the character shown in FIG. 9A.

Figures 9a-9c are shown on the same scale, as indicated by the 6.0 x 6.0 size.

Fifth Example (Fig. 10 To  10c)

Figs. 10A to 10C show another chevron type main pattern showing the main four patterns. This pattern is non-directional in both horizontal and vertical directions. The pattern is generally designated "36" and has upper and lower surfaces 38a and 38b.

6th Example (Fig. 11 To  11c)

Figs. 11A-11C show other types of auxiliary patterns representing auxiliary two patterns imprinted into the material. In this form, the individual dimples of the character are somewhat elliptical-shaped. The period of the dimples differs in two orthogonal directions, as shown in Figs. 11B and 11C. This pattern is generally designated "39" and is shown having upper and lower surfaces 40a and 40b, respectively.

Seventh Example 12A To  12c)

Figs. 12A to 12C show other types of auxiliary patterns, representing the auxiliary three patterns. Fig. Dimples or characters of this pattern appear somewhat lemon-shaped. Here again, the periods of the pattern are different in each of the two orthogonal transverse directions, as shown in Figures 12b and 12c. This pattern is generally designated "41" and is shown as having upper and lower surfaces 42a and 42b, respectively.

Eighth Example (Fig. 13 To  13b)

13A and 13B are used to illustrate the directional pattern, which represents the main six patterns. This pattern is generally designated "43" and is shown as having upper and lower surfaces 44a and 44b, respectively. Note that the pattern appears to have a series of step functions on opposing surfaces, as shown in Figure 13B. Also note that the characters are arranged so that each protrusion on one surface corresponds to a depression on the other surface. This pattern is directional in the horizontal direction, but not in the vertical direction.

9th Example 14A To  14c)

Figs. 14A-14C show cross patterns representing the main 7 pattern, imprinted on the material. This pattern is generally designated "45" and is shown as having a top surface 46a and a bottom surface 46b. This pattern is oriented in both the horizontal and vertical directions (i.e., it is not interrupted). Note that the period of the characters is the same in both orthogonal transverse directions.

Article 10 Example (Fig. 15 To  15c)

Figs. 15A-15C show a regular pebble non-directed auxiliary pattern that is repetitively imprinted on the material. This pattern represents the auxiliary four patterns. This pattern is generally designated "48" and has upper and lower surfaces 49a and 49b, respectively. Cross sections into orthogonal axes are shown in Figures 15B-15C, respectively. 15B and 15C, the indentations on one surface are aligned perpendicular to the protrusions on the other surface. This pattern is non-directional in the sense that the pattern is interrupted in both the horizontal and vertical directions. As used herein, the term "directional" to a pattern means that the lines of the pattern are continuous and not interrupted along one direction, while the term "non-directional" Can be repeated, but means that the lines of the pattern are interrupted along one direction.

Eleventh Example (Fig. 16 To  16c)

Figures 16a-16c show another honeycombed non-directional auxiliary pattern representing an auxiliary five pattern imprinted on the material. This pattern is generally designated "50" and is shown having upper and lower surfaces 51a and 51b, respectively. This pattern is non-directional in the vertical and horizontal directions.

Strengthening - a method of manufacturing a surface tube (Figure 17)

Figure 17 shows one method of manufacturing a circular tube having reinforcing surfaces. In accordance with this process, the coil 52 (and optionally any cooler tubes and through openings) with primary and secondary patterns are unwound. The leading edge of the material passes through a series of rollers and a roller die and is designated individually as "53 ", in which a flat sheet material is rolled into a circular tube with two longitudinal edges in a series of rollers and roller die, The longitudinal edges are arranged very close to each other or preferably in close contact with each other. The rolled tube then passes through the preheating unit 54 and the welding unit 55 to weld the longitudinal edges to each other. The welded tube is then passed through an auxiliary heating unit 56 to anneal the weldment and material and then cooled in the cooling unit 58. The cooled weld tube is then passed through a deburrer to smooth the welding edge and further advanced to the right by the rollers 60, 60.

The circular tube (Fig. 18 To  18c)

The tubes may have a number of different shapes and cross sections. Figs. 18A to 18C show a welded circular tube of a predetermined length which can be produced by the process shown in Fig. The tube, generally designated "62 ", is shown as having a primary and an auxiliary pattern. As best shown in FIG. 18B, the tube 62 has a circular cross-section of a thin wall.

The tube outer wall is also shown as having a coating 63 on this outer wall. Such coatings may be plated, or any other form of coating or lamination. Such coatings are optional and may be provided on any of the reinforcing surfaces described herein. The coating may be provided on the inner or outer surface of the tube, if desired.

The rectangular tube (Fig. 19A To  19c)

As mentioned above, not all tubes have a circular transverse cross-section. Some tubes have elliptical cross-sections, polygonal cross-sections, and the like.

Figs. 19A-19C illustrate a tube 64 having a generally rectangular cross-section and having primary and secondary patterns on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube. Such tubes can be formed if desired or chemically treated.

The U-shaped tube To  20c)

Figs. 20A-20C illustrate a circular tube bent to have a U-shape in side view. These tubes are generally designated "65" and have primary and secondary patterns on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube.

The coil formed by the circular tube To  21d)

Figures 21 (a) to 21 (d) show helically wound coils formed of circular tubes of a predetermined length. These coils, generally designated "66 ", have primary and secondary patterns on the inner and outer surfaces.

The method of making reinforced-surface fins (Figure 22)

22 is a schematic view of one process for forming reinforcing-surface pins. In this process, the coil 68 of material with primary and secondary patterns is unwound. The leading edge of the material passes between the idler rollers 69a, 69b, 69c and then between the opposing pair of roller dies 70a, 70b, which drill or form various holes in the material For example, whatever pattern is desired, a cooling tube hole and / or a flow-through hole). The leading edge then passes through a second pair of roller dies 71a, 71b which form a flange on the material. The leading edge then passes under a cut-off shear 72, where individual pins, designated "73" respectively, are cut from the roll material. These pins are moved to the right by the action of the roller 74.

Cooler tube Opening  And flow-through Opening  The pins (Fig. 23 To  25e)

Figs. 23A-25E show different versions of the improved fin with cooler tube openings and various sizes of flow through openings with different combinations of primary and secondary patterns. Fig.

The pin of the first type is indicated generally as "75" in Figs. 23A to 23B. In this first form, the individual characters of the primary and auxiliary patterns are denoted as 76 "and 76" ", respectively. Cooling tube openings (i.e., openings in the fins for receiving the passageways of the various cooling tubes ) Are marked individually as "77 ", and the relative-small flow-through openings are individually indicated as" 78 ".

The pin of the second type is denoted generally as "79" in Figs. 24A and 24B. In this second form, the individual characters of the primary and auxiliary patterns are again indicated by "76 '", "76" "respectively. The cooling tube openings and the relative-small flow- Note that the second pin 78 is thinner than the first pin 75 and more severely twisted.

Five different pins are shown in Figures 25A-25E. In each of these figures, the cooling tube opening or hole is labeled "77 ". The striking difference between these five figures lies in the size and shape of the flow-through openings. In Fig. 25a, the third type of pins, shown generally as "79 ", are shown to have a plurality of smaller sized flow-through openings individually designated" 80 ". In Fig. 25B, the fourth type of fins, shown generally as 79 ", are shown as having medium sized flow-through openings, designated ' 80 ' In Fig. 25C, the fifth type of fins, shown generally as "79" ' ', are shown having a larger-sized flow- Figure 25d shows a sixth type of pin with various vertical columns of small, medium and large flow-through holes. Figure 25e shows a seventh form of the pin with another combination of small, medium and large flow-through holes. In each of these cases, the pin has a primary and an auxiliary pattern.

The improved heat exchanger (Figure 26)

An improved heat exchanger, shown generally as "81", is shown having an outer shell 82 in FIG. A serpentine reinforced-surface heat transfer tube 83 extends between the hot inlet and the hot outlet on the cell. The cryogenic fluid enters the cell through the low temperature inlet, flows around the tube toward the low temperature outlet, and the low temperature fluid exits the cell through the cold outlet. The inlet and outlet connections and / or the tube geometry can be changed as desired.

The improved cooler To  27e)

Figures 27A-27E illustrate an improved chiller, generally designated "84 ". These coolers are shown as having a plurality of reinforced-surface tubes, individually designated as " 85 ", which plurality of reinforced-surface tubes pass through the bottom 86 and are divided into a plurality of vertical Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > directionally < / RTI > The tube bends through the pin in a sinuous manner. Here again the fluid connection and / or the tube geometry can be changed as desired. Each pin is shown having a plurality of cooler tube openings 89 to accommodate the passage of the tube. Each pin has a primary and an auxiliary pattern, optionally having any number of flow-through openings, whatever the desired pattern.

Figure 27a shows a top view of the cooler floor. 27B is a partial vertical section through the cooler, taken generally on line 27B-27B in FIG. 27A, showing the tube passing upward and downward through a cooler tube opening aligned in the fin. 27C is a side view of the cooler. Figure 27d is a partial horizontal cross-sectional view through the cooler, taken generally on line 27D-27D in Figure 27c, showing a bottom view of one of the fins. Finally, FIG. 27E is an enlarged detail view of the lower right portion of the pin, which is taken in the circle shown in FIG. 27D.

An improved fluid-flow vessel (Figure 28)

The improved fluid flow container is generally indicated as "90" in Fig. Such vessels are shown as including a process column, generally designated "91 ", and the process columns include a plurality of vertically spaced reinforced surface walls, designated as 92 individually. The vapor rises upward through the column by sequentially passing through the various walls, and the liquid also falls through the column by passing through the various walls. The vapor at the top of the column passes through the conduit 93 to the condenser 94. The liquid is returned to the top chamber in the column by conduit (95). At the bottom of the process column, the collected liquid is fed via conduit 96 to a consolidation-surface reboiler 98. Vapor from this reboiler is fed to the lowest chamber of the column via conduit 99.

An improved heat exchanger plate (Figs. 29A and 29B)

29A illustrates an improved heat exchanger plate, generally designated "100 ". A plurality of such plates can be stacked up and down and adjacent plates can be sealed off by a gasket (not shown) to form a flow passage therebetween. Figure 29b shows that portions of the heat exchanger plate have reinforcing surfaces thereon to facilitate heat transfer. Figure 29b clearly shows that the illustrated portion of the plate may have a main pattern 101 and an auxiliary pattern 102. [

Accordingly, the present invention generally provides a method of forming a reinforced-surface wall for use in an apparatus for performing a process, an improved reinforced-surface wall, and uses thereof.

Variation example

It is contemplated that the present invention may be embodied with many changes and modifications. Other types of material (s) (e.g., various alloys such as aluminum, titanium, copper, or various ceramics) may be used, although it may be desirable to form the material of stainless steel, for example. The material may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. The material may be coated or chemically treated before, during, or after the method described herein. As noted above, the primary and secondary patterns can have a variety of different shapes and configurations, some regular and oriented, and others not. Characters of the same type or configuration are used in primary and secondary patterns, and there is a difference in the depth and / or surface density of such characters. The various heat transfer devices disclosed herein may be completed in themselves or of themselves, or they may be parts of more devices that may have shapes that are not shown.

Thus, although the improved method and apparatus have been shown and described and several modifications and variations of the present invention have been discussed, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various additional changes and modifications may be resorted to But can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as distinguished.

Claims (47)

A method of forming a reinforced-surface wall for use in an apparatus for performing a process,
Providing a predetermined length of material having opposing initial surfaces, the material having a longitudinal centerline located intermediate between the initial surfaces, the material being located farthest away from the centerline; Wherein each of the initial surfaces has an initial surface density and the initial surface density is defined as the number of characters on a surface per projected unit surface area as an initial transverse dimension measured to a point on any one of the initial surfaces, Defined, step;
An auxiliary pattern having an auxiliary pattern surface density on each of the initial surfaces is twisted to twist the material to increase the surface density of the auxiliary pattern on each of the surfaces and to increase the surface density of the auxiliary pattern from the centerline to the farthest point of the tortuous material Increasing the lateral size of the material; And - the step of impregnating the auxiliary patterns on the material comprises the steps of: - providing a material having a maximum transverse dimension from the centerline to the farthest point of the tortuous material from the centerline to the farthest point on either surface of the initial surfaces Increased to 150% of maximum transverse dimension -
Further imprinting a main pattern having a main pattern surface density on each of the twisted surfaces to further twist the material and further increase the main pattern surface density on each of the surfaces; Wherein the step of imprinting the main pattern on the material further comprises the steps of: when the minimum size of the additional-tortuous material is measured from the centerline to an arbitrary point on either one of the additional-twisted surfaces, When measured to the farthest point on any one of the surfaces, is not reduced to less than 50% of the minimum size of the material.
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Each auxiliary pattern surface density is greater than the respective main pattern surface density,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the step of impregnating the auxiliary pattern on each of the initial surfaces comprises: an additional step of cold working the material,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the step of imprinting the main pattern onto each of the twisted surfaces comprises cold working the material.
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the auxiliary patterns are identical,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the auxiliary patterns are shifted relative to one another such that a maximum size from the centerline to one warped surface corresponds to a minimum size from the centerline to the remaining warped surface.
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. delete delete delete delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the step of impregnating the auxiliary patterns with respect to the material comprises the step of, when measured from an arbitrary point on one of the twisted surfaces to a closest point on a facing one of the twisted surfaces, Is not reduced to less than 95% of the minimum size from any point on one to the closest point on the facing initial surface,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the step of impregnating the auxiliary patterns onto the material further comprises the step of, when measured from an arbitrary point on one of the twisted surfaces to a closest point on a facing one of the twisted surfaces, Is not reduced to less than 50% of the minimum size from any point on one of the first surface to the nearest point on the facing initial surface,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
If the main patterns are the same,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. 14. The method of claim 13,
Wherein the main patterns can be varied with respect to one another such that a maximum size from the centerline to one additional-twisted surface corresponds to a minimum size from the centerline to another additional-
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the step of imprinting the main patterns on the material further comprises the steps of: when the minimum size of the additional-tortuous material is measured from the centerline to any point on either of the additional-twisted surfaces, Which is not reduced to less than 95% of the minimum size of the material as measured to the farthest point on a surface,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. delete delete The method according to claim 1,
The opposing initial surfaces of the material are planar,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein imprinting the patterns comprises imprinting the patterns by one or more of stamping and rolling operations.
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Bending the reinforcing-surface wall so that the proximal ends are located proximate to each other; And
Connecting proximal ends of the material to each other;
Further including;
Reinforcing - forming a surface tube,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. 21. The method of claim 20,
The step of joining the proximal ends of the material to each other comprises the additional step of welding the proximal ends of the material to connect the proximal ends of the material to one another.
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising the step of providing holes through the material,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising the step of installing said reinforcing-surface wall in a heat transfer device,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising the step of installing a reinforcing-surface wall within the fluid-handling device,
Strengthening - Method of surface wall formation. A reinforced-surface wall produced by a method defined by any one of claims 1 to 6, 11 to 15, 18 to 24. 26. The method of claim 25,
Wherein the main pattern is a directional pattern,
Reinforced - surface wall. 26. The method of claim 25,
The auxiliary patterns are non-directional,
Reinforced - surface wall. 26. The method of claim 25,
The wall is in accordance with one of the ASME / ASTM designations and the ASME / ASTM designation is A249 / A, A135, A370, A751, E213, E273, E309, E1806, A691, A139, A213, A214, A268, A269 , A270, A312, A334, A335, A498, A631, A671, A688, A691, A778, A299 / A, A789, A789 / A, A789 / M, A790, A803, A480, A763, A941, A1016, / A, A250, A771, A826, A851, B674, E112, A370, A999, E381, E426, E527, E340, A409, A358, A262, A240, A537, A530, A435, A387, A299, A204, , A578, A285, E165, A380, A262 and A179,
Reinforced - surface wall. 26. The method of claim 25,
The material is homogeneous,
Reinforced - surface wall. 26. The method of claim 25,
Said material being provided with a coating on at least one of said initial surfaces,
Reinforced - surface wall. 26. The method of claim 25,
Wherein the material is chemically treated,
Reinforced - surface wall. 25. A heat exchanger coupled to a reinforced-surface wall defined by claim 25. A fluid-handling device in combination with a reinforced-surface wall defined by claim 25. A reinforced-surface wall for use in an apparatus for performing a process,
The material having a longitudinal centerline located midway between the initial surfaces, the material having a longitudinal centerline extending from either of the initial surfaces most distant from the centerline Wherein each of the initial surfaces has an initial surface density and the initial surface density is defined as the number of characters on the surface per unit of the planned surface area;
The auxiliary patterns having an auxiliary pattern surface density imprinted on each of the initial surfaces, the auxiliary patterns twisting the material and increasing the auxiliary pattern surface density on each of the surfaces and extending from the centerline to the farthest point of the tortuous material The auxiliary patterns increasing the lateral size of the material of the substrate; And - a maximum transverse dimension of the material from the centerline to the farthest point of the tortuous material is less than 150% of the maximum transverse dimension from the centerline to the furthest point on either of the initial surfaces,
Further twisting the material to have a main pattern surface density being imprinted on each of the twisted surfaces and further increasing the size from the centerline to the farthest point on either of the additional-twisted surfaces, The main patterns further increasing the surface density on each of the plurality of patterns; When measured from the centerline to any point on any one of the additional-twisted surfaces, the minimum size of the additional-twisted material, as measured from the centerline to the farthest point on one of the initial surfaces, At least 50% of the minimum size.
Reinforced - surface wall. 35. The method of claim 34,
Each of the auxiliary pattern surface densities is larger than the respective main pattern surface densities,
Reinforced - surface wall. 35. The method of claim 34,
Wherein the auxiliary patterns are identical,
Reinforced - surface wall. 35. The method of claim 34,
Said auxiliary patterns being changeable relative to each other such that a maximum magnitude from said centerline to a twisted surface corresponds to a minimum magnitude from a centerline to another twisted surface,
Reinforced - surface wall. delete delete delete 35. The method of claim 34,
Wherein the minimum size of the material is measured from an arbitrary point on one of the twisted surfaces to a nearest point on a facing one of the twisted surfaces, At least 95% of the minimum size to the nearest point on the surface,
Reinforced - surface wall. delete 35. The method of claim 34,
If the main patterns are the same,
Reinforced - surface wall. 44. The method of claim 43,
The main patterns can be varied relative to one another such that the maximum size from the centerline to one further twisted surface corresponds to the minimum size from the centerline to the other add-
Reinforced - surface wall. 35. The method of claim 34,
The minimum size of the additional-twisted material when measured from any of the additional-twisted surfaces to the center-line is measured to any of the initial surfaces, However,
Reinforced - surface wall. delete delete

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