KR101641090B1 - Coating method and coating apparatus - Google Patents

Coating method and coating apparatus Download PDF

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KR101641090B1
KR101641090B1 KR1020110063519A KR20110063519A KR101641090B1 KR 101641090 B1 KR101641090 B1 KR 101641090B1 KR 1020110063519 A KR1020110063519 A KR 1020110063519A KR 20110063519 A KR20110063519 A KR 20110063519A KR 101641090 B1 KR101641090 B1 KR 101641090B1
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substrate
coating liquid
spin chuck
wafer
temperature
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KR1020110063519A
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KR20120001681A (en
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카츠노리 이치노
코우스케 요시하라
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도쿄엘렉트론가부시키가이샤
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
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Abstract

There is provided a technique capable of suppressing unevenness of the coating film thickness in the substrate surface even when a thin coating film is formed by reducing the supply amount of the coating liquid (for example, a resist solution). A coating liquid applying step of supplying the coating liquid to the center of the substrate and rotating the substrate to cover the entire surface of the substrate with the coating liquid; and a step of rotating the substrate in a state in which the supply of the coating liquid is stopped after the coating liquid applying step Wherein a temperature in a specific range in the radial direction of the substrate is locally adjusted on the back surface side of the substrate in the drying step. This adjustment can be performed, for example, by injecting a thermo fluid into a specific range in the radial direction of the back surface of the substrate by means of a heating nozzle or by irradiating the heating wire in a specific range in the radial direction of the back surface of the substrate.

Figure R1020110063519

Description

[0001] COATING METHOD AND COATING APPARATUS [0002]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a coating method and apparatus for forming a coating film such as a photoresist film on a substrate, and more particularly to a technique for improving the uniformity of film thickness of a coating film.

In a photolithography process in a semiconductor device manufacturing process, a resist coating process for forming a resist film by applying a resist solution onto a semiconductor wafer (hereinafter referred to as a wafer), an exposure process for exposing the resist film to a predetermined pattern, A developing step of developing the resist film, and the like are sequentially performed to form a predetermined resist pattern on the wafer.

In the resist coating step, a so-called spin coating method in which the resist solution is supplied from the nozzle to the central portion of the rotating wafer surface and the resist solution is spread radially outward by centrifugal force to cover the entire surface of the wafer with the resist solution .

BACKGROUND ART [0002] As a circuit of a semiconductor device has become finer in recent years, thinning of a resist film in a resist coating process is progressing. Since the resist solution is expensive, it is necessary to reduce the amount of the resist solution as much as possible.

In the case of forming an extremely thin resist film, higher in-plane film thickness uniformity is required. However, if the supply amount of the resist solution is reduced, it becomes difficult to obtain sufficient in-plane film thickness uniformity. For example, a resist solution of 0.5 ml or less is supplied to a 12-inch wafer to form a resist film having a thickness of about 100 nm. In this case, even if optimization of the application conditions (wafer rotation speed, resist solution supply timing, etc.) is performed, a film thickness difference of about 1 nm occurs in the wafer surface. This difference in the film thickness is not so serious in the conventional thick resist film, but it can not be ignored in the extremely thin resist film which has been required in recent years. If the thickness of the resist film is uneven, unevenness of the optical path length of exposure during exposure processing is generated, and it becomes difficult to perform uniform exposure processing in the surface.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-78743 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-261579

The present invention provides a technique capable of forming a coating film having high in-plane film thickness uniformity by making it possible to adjust the distribution of the coating film thickness in the substrate surface even when a thin coating film is formed by reducing the supply amount of the coating liquid.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a coating method comprising: a coating liquid applying step of supplying a coating liquid to a central portion of a substrate and rotating the substrate to cover the entire surface of the substrate with a coating liquid; And a drying step of drying the coating liquid by rotating the substrate in a state in which supply of the substrate is stopped, wherein in the drying step, a temperature of a specific range in the radial direction of the substrate is locally adjusted A film forming method is provided.

Preferably, the local adjustment of the temperature is started immediately after the entire surface of the substrate is covered with the coating liquid.

In a preferred embodiment, the coating film forming method further includes a planarizing step of flattening the coating liquid applied to the surface of the substrate by rotating the substrate at a rotational speed lower than the rotational speed of the substrate in the coating liquid applying step Wherein the step of applying the coating liquid, the step of planarizing, and the step of drying are performed in this order, wherein the step of performing the drying step from the planarizing step is performed by raising the rotation speed of the substrate, Control is initiated at or after the start of the drying process.

The local adjustment of the temperature can be performed by injecting a temperature-adjusting fluid locally in a specific range in the radial direction of the back surface of the substrate. Preferably, the heating fluid is a gas such as air or an inert gas. When a gas is used as the temperature-regulating fluid, the temperature of the gas may be within a range of, for example, 30 ° C to 40 ° C. The injection of the warming fluid can be performed by using a tempered fluid nozzle having a discharge opening which is opened in the vicinity of the back surface of the substrate and locally injecting the tempered fluid in a specific range in the radial direction of the back surface of the substrate.

The local adjustment of the temperature can also be performed by locally irradiating the hot wire to a specific range in the radial direction of the back surface of the substrate. Examples of the heat ray include, for example, infrared LED light and laser light.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a spin chuck comprising: a spin chuck for holding and rotating a substrate; a coating liquid nozzle for supplying a coating liquid to a surface of the substrate held by the spin chuck; An exhaust mechanism for sucking the inside of the cup to form an air flow in the cup, and an exhaust mechanism for locally controlling the temperature in a specific range in the radial direction of the substrate on the backside of the substrate held by the spin chuck There is provided a coating device comprising a temperature adjusting means.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a spin chuck, comprising: a spin chuck for holding and rotating a substrate; a coating liquid nozzle for supplying a coating liquid to the substrate held by the spin chuck; A coating liquid supply mechanism for supplying the coating liquid with the coating liquid nozzle, and a controller for controlling the spin chuck, the coating liquid supply mechanism, and the temperature control A computer-readable recording medium storing a program for controlling operations of said spin chuck, said applying liquid supply mechanism, and said temperature adjusting means in a coating apparatus including a control unit including a computer for controlling the operation of said means, By the computer, the computer controls the spin chuck, the coating liquid supply mechanism, and the temperature control means A coating liquid applying step of supplying the coating liquid from the coating liquid nozzle to the center of the substrate and rotating the substrate with the spin chuck to cover the entire surface of the substrate with the coating liquid; And a drying step of drying the coating liquid by rotating the substrate with the spin chuck in a state in which the supply of the coating liquid is stopped from the coating liquid nozzle, There is provided a recording medium for performing temperature control.

According to the present invention, the thickness distribution of the coating film can be adjusted by locally controlling the temperature in a specific range in the radial direction of the substrate on the back side of the substrate in the drying step of drying the coating liquid. Thus, the uniformity in the thickness of the coating film can be improved.

1 is a plan view schematically showing the configuration of a coating and developing processing system.
2 is a front view of the coating and developing processing system.
3 is a rear view of the coating and developing processing system.
4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the configuration of the resist coating apparatus.
5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the resist coating apparatus.
6 is a flowchart showing the main steps of the resist coating process.
7 is a graph showing the rotation speed of the wafer in each step of the resist coating process together with the supply timing of the prewetting liquid and the resist liquid, and the timing of injection of the heating gas.
8 is a graph showing the experimental results.
9 is a schematic view showing a modified example of the heating nozzle.
10 is a schematic view showing a first example using a heat ray irradiating device as a temperature adjusting means.
11 is a schematic view showing a second example using a heat ray irradiating device as a temperature adjusting means.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the overall configuration of a coating and developing system including a coating apparatus for coating a resist on a substrate will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3. Fig.

1, the coating and developing processing system 1 includes, for example, a cassette station 2 for loading and unloading a plurality of wafers W in units of cassettes from the outside to the coating and developing system 1, A processing station 3 provided with a plurality of various processing apparatuses for carrying out a predetermined process in a single wafer process in the photolithography process and an exposure apparatus 4 adjacent to the processing station 3, And an interface station 5 for transferring information to the interface station 5 are integrally connected.

A cassette table 10 is provided in the cassette station 2 and a plurality of cassettes C can be placed in a row in the X direction (up and down in Fig. 1) on the cassette table 10 have. The cassette station 2 is provided with a wafer transfer device 12 capable of moving along the X direction on the transfer path 11. The wafer transfer device 12 can also be moved in the arrangement direction (Z direction; vertical direction) of the wafers W accommodated in the cassette C so as to selectively access the plurality of wafers W in the cassette C can do. The wafer transfer device 12 is rotatable about the axis in the vertical direction in the direction of θ to access each processing device of the third processing unit group G3 of the processing station 3 to be described later, Can be returned.

The processing station 3 includes, for example, five processing apparatus groups G1 to G5 in which a plurality of processing apparatuses are arranged in multiple stages. A first processing apparatus group G1 and a second processing apparatus group G2 are provided on the side of the processing station 3 in the X direction (downward in FIG. 1) from the cassette station 2 side toward the interface station 5 side. Respectively. A third processing unit group G3, a fourth processing unit group G4, and a third processing unit group G2 are disposed on the X direction positive side (upward in FIG. 1) side of the processing station 3 from the cassette station 2 side toward the interface station 5 side. And a fifth processing apparatus group G5 are arranged in order. A first transfer device 20 is provided between the third processing unit group G3 and the fourth processing unit group G4. The first transfer device 20 selectively accesses each device in the first processing unit group G1, the third processing unit group G3 and the fourth processing unit group G4 to transfer the wafer W . A second transfer device 21 is provided between the fourth processing unit group G4 and the fifth processing unit group G5. The second transfer device 21 selectively accesses each device in the second processing unit group G2, the fourth processing unit group G4 and the fifth processing unit group G5 to transfer the wafer W .

As shown in Fig. 2, the first processing apparatus group G1 is provided with a liquid processing apparatus for supplying a predetermined liquid to the wafer W to perform processing, for example, a resist coating apparatus 30, 31, 32 And bottom coating devices 33 and 34 for forming an antireflection film for preventing reflection of light in the exposure process are sequentially stacked in five stages from the bottom. The second processing apparatus group G2 is provided with five developing processing apparatuses 40 to 44 for supplying a developing solution to a liquid processing apparatus, for example, a wafer W to perform development processing. Chemical treatment chambers 50 and 51 for supplying various treatment liquids to the liquid treatment apparatuses in the treatment apparatus groups G1 and G2 are provided at the lowermost ends of the first treatment apparatus group G1 and the second treatment apparatus group G2, Respectively.

For example, as shown in Fig. 3, the third processing unit group G3 is provided with a temperature control device 60 (see Fig. 3) for controlling the temperature of the wafer W by placing the wafer W on a warm- ), A transition device 61 for transferring the wafer W, heating devices 62 to 64 and heat treatment devices 65 to 68 for heating the wafer W are sequentially stacked in nine stages from the bottom, .

The fourth processing apparatus group G4 is provided with a heating device 70, prebaking devices 71 to 74 for heating the wafer W after the resist coating process, Post baking devices 75 to 79 are stacked in ten stages in order from the bottom.

The fifth processing apparatus group G5 is provided with a plurality of heat treatment apparatuses such as temperature control apparatuses 80 to 83 for heating the wafer W and post exposure baking apparatuses 84 to 89 for heating the wafer W after exposure Are stacked in ten stages in order from the bottom.

As shown in Fig. 1, a plurality of processing devices are disposed on the positive direction side of the first transfer device 20 in the X direction. For example, as shown in Fig. 3, the wafer W is hydrophobized Adhesion devices 90 and 91 are stacked in order from the bottom in two stages. As shown in Fig. 1, an edge exposure apparatus 92 for selectively exposing only the edge portion of the wafer W, for example, is disposed in the X direction positive side of the second transfer device 21. [

The interface station 5 is provided with a wafer transfer apparatus 101 and a buffer cassette 102 which move on a transfer path 100 extending in the X direction as shown in Fig. The wafer transfer apparatus 101 is movable in the Z direction and is also rotatable in the θ direction so that the exposure apparatus 4, the buffer cassette 102 and the fifth processing apparatus group G5 adjacent to the interface station 5 The wafer W can be transported by accessing each device.

The exposure apparatus 4 in this embodiment is a liquid immersion exposure apparatus and is a liquid immersion exposure apparatus in which a liquid such as pure water is retained on the surface of a wafer W, The resist film on the surface of the wafer W can be exposed. However, the exposure apparatus 4 may perform exposure in another manner.

Next, the configuration of the resist coating devices 30 to 32 will be described with reference to Figs. 4 to 5. Fig. Since the configurations of the resist coating devices 30 to 32 are substantially the same as each other, the configuration of the resist coating device 30 will be described as a representative.

4, the resist coating apparatus 30 has a casing 120 and a spin chuck (not shown) as a rotation holding unit for holding and holding the wafer W at the center of the casing 120 122 are installed. The spin chuck 122 has a horizontal upper surface 122a and a suction port (not shown) for sucking the wafer W, for example, is formed on the upper surface 122a. The wafer W can be attracted and held on the spin chuck 122 by suction from the suction port.

The spin chuck 122 has a chuck drive mechanism 124 having a rotation drive source such as a rotation motor (not shown), and can be rotated at a predetermined speed by the chuck drive mechanism 124. Further, the chuck drive mechanism 124 is provided with a lift source such as an air cylinder, and the spin chuck 122 is movable up and down.

A cup 130 is provided around the spin chuck 122 for receiving and collecting liquid from the wafer W scattered or falling. The cup 130 includes a cup-shaped inner cup body 131, an intermediate cup body 132, an outer cup body 133, and a plate-shaped body (not shown) provided so as to close a bottom opening of the inner cup body 131 And a cup base 134. The rotation axis 122b of the spin chuck 122 passes through the cup base 134. [

An annular space 132a is defined at the bottom of the intermediate cup body 132 and an exhaust pipe 135 is inserted into the annular space 132a. An exhaust mechanism (EXH) 136 schematically shown in the figure is connected to the exhaust pipe 135 so that the annular space 132a can be sucked. The exhaust mechanism 136 can be configured by connecting a duct having a variable damper to a means for varying the suction flow rate to an exhaust duct of the factory. A drain pipe 137 is connected to the opening formed in the bottom wall of the intermediate cup body 132 that defines the annular space 132a. The drain pipe 137 is connected to the waste water system (DR) 138.

A fan filter unit (FFU) 126, which forms a downflow (DF) of a clean air, for example, clean air, is installed in the casing 120 at an upper portion of the casing 120. An exhaust passage 127 for exhausting the atmosphere in the casing 120 is connected to the lower portion of the casing 120.

When the annular space 132a is sucked by the exhaust mechanism 136, the airflow shown by an arrow in the right side of Fig. 4 is generated. When the processing liquid is supplied to the rotating wafer W supported by the spin chuck 122, the processing liquid is scattered radially outward in the form of droplets or mist by the centrifugal force. Such droplets or mist are smoothly guided to the annular space 132a by the airflow shown by arrows in the right side of Fig. 4, and are not reattached to the wafer W. Most of the liquid introduced into the annular space 132a is released from the airflow when the airflow is changed in the annular space 132a and discharged through the drain pipe 137. [ Part of the mist introduced into the annular space 132a and the gas are exhausted through the exhaust pipe 135. [

A space BS surrounding the back surface of the wafer W is formed by the inner inclined surface 131a of the inner cup body 131 and the upper surface 134a of the cup body 134. [ When the wafer W rotates, the gas in the vicinity of the wafer W moves, and a relatively weak airflow called a back flow toward the periphery of the wafer from the central portion of the wafer W is generated in the space BS. This backflow BF flows out from the narrowed gap between the upper horizontal surface 131b of the inner cup body 131 and the back surface of the wafer W. [ Therefore, gas, liquid (mist, etc.), contaminant particles, and the like are rarely introduced into the space BS while the wafer W is rotating. Further, even when the wafer W does not rotate, the annular space 132a is always sucked by the exhaust mechanism 136. [ The air current generated in the cup 130 generated by the suction is generated in the space sandwiched by the outer side surface 131c of the inner cup body 131 and the inner side surface 132b of the intermediate cup body 132, Liquid (mist, or the like) contaminant particles flow into the space BS from the narrowed gap between the upper horizontal surface 131b of the inner cup body 131 and the back surface of the wafer W due to the influence of the gas none.

Needless to say, since the cup 130 is a rotator in a geometric sense, the airflow is substantially uniformly generated in the circumferential direction. The airflow is shown only on the right side of Fig. 4 in order to avoid the redundancy in the drawing.

The shape of the cup is not limited to that described above. For example, a cup described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-207573 filed by the present applicant may be used. (Mist, etc.), contaminant particles, and the like into the space BS from the narrowed gap between the upper surface of the inner cup body and the back surface of the wafer W described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-207573 . Such a configuration is not essential for the installation of a later-described temperature-controlled nozzle, but is preferable in that the temperature-controlled nozzle can be designed to be suitable only for the purpose of temperature control.

5, a rail 140 extending along the Y direction (the left-right direction in FIG. 5) is formed on the side of the cup 130 in the X direction (downward in FIG. 5) side. The rail 140 is formed from, for example, the outer side of the cup 130 in the Y direction (the left direction in FIG. 5) to the Y direction (in the right direction in FIG. Two arms 141 and 142 are mounted on the rail 140.

A resist nozzle 143 for discharging a resist solution is supported on the first arm 141. The first arm 141 is movable on the rail 140 by the nozzle driving unit 144 shown in Fig. The resist nozzle 143 can move from the standby portion 145 provided on the outside in the Y direction positive side of the cup 130 to a position above the central portion of the wafer W in the cup 130, On the surface of the wafer W in the radial direction of the wafer W. Further, the first arm 141 can be moved up and down by the nozzle driving unit 144, and the height of the resist nozzle 143 can be adjusted. The first arm 141 and the nozzle driving unit 144 constitute a resist nozzle moving mechanism. Further, the resist nozzle moving mechanism and the air bearing portion 145 are not shown in Fig.

As shown in Fig. 4, a supply pipe 147 communicating with a resist solution supply source (PR) 146 is connected to the resist nozzle 143. The resist solution supply source 146 stores a resist solution for ArF immersion exposure. For example, the resist solution is adjusted to have a low viscosity (for example, 2 cp or less) for forming a thin resist film, for example, a resist film of 150 nm or less. A valve 148 is provided in the supply pipe 147 and the opening and closing of the valve 148 allows the resist solution to be discharged from the resist nozzle 143 and stopped. The resist solution supply source 146, the supply tube 147 and the valve 148 constitute a resist solution (coating liquid) supply mechanism for supplying the resist solution to the resist nozzle 143.

The pre-wet nozzle 150 is supported on the second arm 142. The second arm 142 can be moved on the rail 140 by the nozzle driving unit 151 shown in Fig. 5 so that the pre-wet nozzle 150 is installed on the outer side of the cup 130 in the Y- It is possible to move from the standby portion 152 to a position above the central portion of the wafer W in the cup 130. Further, the second arm 142 can be moved up and down by the nozzle driving unit 151, and the height of the pre-wet nozzle 150 can be adjusted. The pre-wet nozzle moving mechanism is constituted by the second arm 142 and the nozzle driving unit 151. Further, the prewet nozzle moving mechanism and the air bearing portion 152 are not shown in Fig.

As shown in Fig. 4, the pre-wet nozzle 150 is connected to a supply pipe 154 communicating with the pre-wet liquid supply source (PWT) 153. [ As the prewetting liquid supply source 153, a solvent for a resist, for example, OK73 (a mixed solution of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Manufactured by Toshiba Corporation). The pre-wet liquid is also referred to as pre-wet thinner. The supply pipe 154 is provided with a valve 155 and can discharge and stop the prewetting liquid from the prewetting nozzle 150 by opening and closing the valve 155. A pre-wet liquid supply mechanism for supplying the pre-wet liquid to the pre-wet nozzle 150 is constituted by the pre-wet liquid supply source 153, the supply pipe 154 and the valve 155.

Further, the relationship between each nozzle and each arm is not limited to that shown in the figure. For example, it is also possible to support the resist nozzle 143 and the pre-wet nozzle 150 by a common arm.

The cup base 134 is provided with a plurality of (for example, only one of which is shown in FIG. 4 for the sake of simplification of the drawing) temperature knobs 160 Respectively. The two temperature-controlled nozzles 160 are provided at positions where the circumference centered on the center of rotation of the spin chuck 122 is equal to the number of the temperature-controlled nozzles (two in this example) when viewed from the plane. The radial position (distance from the rotation center of the spin chuck 122) of the two heating nozzles 160 is the same. A clean gas, for example, a clean air supply source 161, is connected to the heating nozzle 160 via a channel 162. The pipe 162 is provided with a heater 163 for heating the air flowing through the channel 162 to a predetermined temperature and a valve 164 for stopping supply and stop of the air. It is also possible to use an inert gas such as nitrogen gas as the clean gas. The heating source supply mechanism for supplying the heating gas to the heating nozzle 160 by the air supply source 161, the pipeline 162 and the heater 163 is constituted.

The clean air supply source 161 can be constituted by, for example, a fan unit provided with a filter. The heater 163 may be, for example, a tape heater wound around a metal tube constituting the pipe 162. [ The valve 164 may be a simple opening / closing valve, but may be a valve having a flow rate control function.

The on-off nozzle 160 may be, for example, in the form of a slit nozzle having a rectangular opening. As a non-limiting example, the slit nozzle-shaped heating nozzle 160 has one end located at 75 mm from the center of the wafer when viewed from the plane, a long side 60 mm, and a short side 2 mm. The heating nozzle 160 is connected to the open end (outlet) 160a of the heating nozzle so as to locally spray the heating gas to a relatively narrow intended area of the wafer W without being influenced by the above-described back flow BF And the back surface of the wafer W is preferably 2 to 30 mm, more preferably 3 to 10 mm, for example. It is preferable that the heating object collides substantially perpendicularly to the back surface of the wafer W so that the area other than the temperature control target area of the wafer W is not affected by heat. Therefore, the angle formed by the axis line 160b (see Fig. 4) of the opening of the heating nozzle 160 and the normal line of the back surface of the wafer W is preferably 30 degrees or less, more preferably 10 degrees or less Do.

In an exemplary embodiment, the clean air supply source 161 and the heater 163 may be provided so that air at a temperature of 30 ° C to 40 ° C can be jetted from the heating nozzle 160 at a flow rate of 30 to 50 l / Performance is fixed. Various parameters such as the radial position of the heating nozzle, the temperature and flow rate of the air discharged from the heating nozzle 160, the shape of the heating nozzle 160, the distance between the outlet 160a of the heating nozzle and the back surface of the wafer Is preferably determined by experiments.

The rotation operation of the spin chuck 122 by the chuck drive mechanism 124 described above, the movement operation of the resist nozzle 143 by the nozzle drive section 144, the movement of the resist nozzle 143 by the valve 148 The operation of moving the prewetting nozzle 150 by the nozzle driving unit 151, the discharging operation of the prewetting liquid of the preheating nozzle 150 by the valve 155, and the supply of clean air from the clean air supply source 161, the heater 163 and the valve 164 are controlled by a control unit (CNTL) 170 shown schematically in FIG. The control unit 170 is constituted by a computer having a CPU or a memory, for example, and can realize a resist coating process in the resist coating apparatus 30 by executing a program stored in, for example, a memory. Various programs for realizing the resist coating process in the resist coating apparatus 30 are stored in a storage medium M such as a computer-readable CD, for example. 170) is used.

Next, a coating process performed in the resist coating apparatus 30 configured as described above will be explained together with the wafer processing process performed in the entire coating and developing processing system 1. FIG.

First, untreated wafers W are taken out one by one from the cassette C on the cassette table 10 by the wafer transfer apparatus 12 shown in Fig. 1 and transferred to the processing station 3 one by one. The wafer W is transferred to the temperature controller 60 belonging to the third processing unit group G3 of the processing station 3 and temperature-adjusted to a predetermined temperature. Thereafter, the wafer W is transferred to the bottom coating apparatus 34, for example, by the first transfer device 20 to form an antireflection film. Thereafter, the wafer W is transferred by the first transfer device 20, for example, to the heat treatment device 65 and the temperature control device 70 in sequence, and predetermined processing is performed in each processing device. Thereafter, the wafer W is transferred to one of the plurality of resist application devices 30 to 32, for example, the resist application device 30 by the first transfer device 20.

6, which is a flowchart showing the main steps of the coating process in the resist coating device 30 with respect to a series of coating processes in the resist coating device, is a graph showing the rotational speed of the wafer W in each process 7.

First, the shutter 129 of the entrance / exit opening 128 provided in the casing 120 is opened and the wafer W is carried into the resist coating device 30 by a transfer arm (not shown). Thereafter, Is attracted and held by the spin chuck 122 as shown in Fig.

Next, the pre-wet nozzle 150 in the standby portion 152 is moved by the second arm 142 to a position above the central portion of the wafer W. [

The valve 155 is opened in a state where the wafer W is stopped and the prewetting liquid is supplied from the prewetting nozzle 150 to the central portion of the predetermined amount of wafer (prewetting liquid discharging step S1 in Fig. 6). 7, the wafer W is rotated at a first speed V1 of, for example, about 500 rpm by the spin chuck 122, and the prewetting liquid on the wafer W is transferred to the wafer W. Thereafter, And the entire surface of the wafer W is wet by the pre-wetting liquid (the pre-wetting liquid diffusion step S2 in FIG. 6). The pre-wet nozzle 150 is retracted on the wafer W during the pre-wet liquid diffusion step S2 and the resist nozzle 143 on the standby portion 145 is moved by the first arm 141 against the wafer W And moves up to the center portion.

Thereafter, the valve 148 is opened to start the discharge of the resist solution from the resist nozzle 143 as shown in Fig. 7, and the resist solution starts to be supplied to the central portion of the wafer W. [ Thus, the resist solution applying step (S3) is started. In the resist solution applying step S3, the rotational speed of the wafer W is raised from the first speed V1 to a second speed V2 of, for example, about 2000 to 4000 rpm. The rotation of the wafer W at the first speed V1 before the start of the resist solution applying step S3 is gradually accelerated so that the speed thereafter varies continuously and smoothly. At this time, the acceleration of the rotation of the wafer W gradually increases from 0, for example. At the end of the resist solution application step S3, the acceleration of the rotation of the wafer W is gradually reduced, and the rotation speed of the wafer W smoothly converges to the second speed V2. Thus, during the resist solution applying step (S3), the rotational speed of the wafer W varies from the first velocity (V1) to the second velocity (V2) so as to change from the graph of FIG. 7 to the S-shape. In the resist solution applying step (S3), the resist solution supplied to the central portion of the wafer W is diffused to the entire surface of the wafer W by the centrifugal force, and the resist solution is applied to the surface of the wafer W.

Also, the resist solution may be discharged by the resist nozzle 143 in the resist solution applying step (S3) until the middle of the flattening step (S4). At this time, the resist nozzle 143 may be moved so that the resist solution discharging position is spaced apart from the central portion of the wafer W when the resist solution discharge is terminated.

7, the rotation of the wafer W is decelerated at a low speed, for example, at a third speed V3 of about 300 rpm, for example, And the resist solution on the wafer W is leveled and flattened (planarization step S4 in Fig. 6). The planarization step S4 is performed for about 1 sec, for example.

7, the rotation of the wafer W is accelerated to a medium speed, for example, a fourth speed V4 of about 1500 rpm, The resist solution on the wafer W is dried (drying step S5 in Fig. 6). The drying step (S5) is performed for about 20 seconds, for example. Thus, a thin resist film (photoresist film) is formed on the surface of the wafer W. Air at a predetermined temperature, for example, 30 DEG C to 40 DEG C, is jetted from the heating nozzle 160 onto the back surface of the wafer W at a predetermined flow rate, for example, 30 to 50 l / min, The back surface of the wafer W is locally heated. As a result, the thickness of the finally obtained resist film after the drying step (S5) becomes uniform.

After the drying of the wafer W is completed, the rotation of the wafer W is stopped, and the wafer W is carried out from the spin chuck 122 to complete the series of resist coating processes. After the drying step (S5), the EBR (edge bead remover) treatment and / or the BR (back rinse) treatment and the drying treatment after these EBR / BR treatment can be carried out if necessary, .

After the resist coating process, the wafer W is conveyed by the first transfer device 20 to, for example, the prebaking device 71 and prebaked. Subsequently, the wafer W is transferred by the second transfer device 21 to the peripheral exposure apparatus 92 and the temperature controller 83 in order, and predetermined processing is performed in each apparatus. Thereafter, the wafer W is transferred to the exposure apparatus 4 by the wafer transfer apparatus 101 of the interface station 5, and is subjected to liquid-immersion exposure. Thereafter, the wafer W is transferred to the post-exposure baking apparatus 84 by the wafer transfer apparatus 101 and baked after exposure. Thereafter, the wafer W is transferred by the second transfer apparatus 21 to the temperature controller 81, And the temperature is adjusted. Thereafter, the wafer W is transferred to the developing apparatus 40, and the resist film on the wafer W is developed. After the development, the wafer W is conveyed to the post-baking apparatus 75 by the second conveyance device 21 and post-baked. Thereafter, the wafer W is conveyed to the temperature control device 63 and temperature-adjusted. The wafer W is transferred to the transition device 61 by the first transfer device 20 and returned to the cassette C by the wafer transfer device 12 to complete a series of wafer processes.

Regarding the resist saving technique due to the fluctuation of the wafer rotational speed at the time of applying the resist in the above-described series of steps (S1 to S5), the present patent application and the inventor have a common patent application in common with the assignee (applicant) And is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-279476, which is a Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-131495.

[Experimental Example]

Next, advantages of the above embodiment will be described with reference to experimental results.

The film formation of the resist film was performed on the wafer W by using the resist coating apparatus shown in Figs. In the drying step (S5), a sample in which the heating gas was discharged from the heating nozzle (160) was an experimental example, and a sample in which the heating gas was not discharged was taken as a comparative example.

The film thickness distribution of the resist film was measured after film formation of the resist film. The results are shown in the graph of Fig. The vertical axis of the graph is the resist film thickness, and the horizontal axis is the distance from the center of the wafer. A black square ()) is a comparative example, and a white square ()) is an experimental example. The arrow in the graph indicates the injection position of the heating gas (specifically, the center position of the heating nozzle). It is obvious that the width of the film thickness distribution decreases from the graph to the experimental example. In addition, the 3? Value of the film thickness, which is an index of the statistical unevenness, is 0.55 nm in the experimental example while it is 1.00 nm in the comparative example. That is, a large improvement in the film thickness distribution width was recognized.

The inventor considers the following differences with respect to the comparative example and the experimental example.

In the comparative example, the film thickness is large at the central portion and the peripheral portion of the wafer and smaller at the portion between the central portion and the peripheral portion (hereinafter referred to as the "middle portion"). The reason is considered as follows. In the case of the spin coating method, since the centrifugal force acting on the resist liquid in the central portion of the wafer is small, it is considered that the film thickness becomes thick. The centrifugal force acting on the resist liquid is large at the periphery of the wafer. On the other hand, on the other hand, it is considered that the solvent contained in the resist solution volatilizes in the process of diffusing the resist solution from the central portion to the peripheral portion, and the resist solution becomes highly concentrated at the time of reaching the periphery. It is presumed that one of the causes of thickening of the film thickness in the periphery is considered to be that the influence of the high concentration of the resist solution is larger than the influence of the centrifugal force. Further, it is considered that one cause is that the resist which has been rotating at a high speed in the end of the resist solution applying step (S3) is rapidly decelerated with the start of the planarizing step (S4), and the resist which has been scattered from the periphery of the wafer flows backward radially inward . In addition, it is considered that the cause is also the heat transfer flow at the contact portion between the wafer and the spin chuck, and the distribution of vaporization heat of the solvent in each portion of the wafer. It is considered that the film thickness distribution occurs by entangling various factors as described above.

In the experimental example, in the drying step (S5), the heating gas is injected in the vicinity of a relatively thin film thickness in the comparative example. As a result, the film thickness of the portion where the heating gas is injected and the vicinity thereof (referred to as "temperature control region" for convenience) increases. The reason is as follows. In the drying step (S5), part of the resist solution present on the wafer at the end of the planarizing step (S4) is shaken to the outside of the wafer by the centrifugal force. That is, even in the drying step (S5), the resist liquid moves radially outward due to the centrifugal force. At this time, the temperature of the wafer in the temperature control region rises when the heating gas is injected into the temperature control region. As a result, the volatilization of the solvent contained in the resist solution in the temperature control region is promoted, Is higher than the concentration of the resist solution in the region other than the resist solution. Since the resist solution having a high concentration has a high viscosity, even if the wafer rotates at a relatively high rotation (drying step (S5), for example, 1500 rpm), it is difficult for the resist solution to move radially outwardly. Increase. On the other hand, at the periphery of the wafer, the resist solution is removed in a state in which the movement of the resist solution moved from the radial direction is reduced. As a result, it is considered that the film thickness at the middle part of the wafer is increased and the film thickness at the peripheral part of the wafer is decreased. As a result, in the drying step (S5), local heating is performed by the heating medium, which means that the film thickness in the vicinity of the portion where the heating medium is injected tends to increase.

In addition, the injection of the heating gas intentionally causes a temperature change in the wafer surface to locally adjust the degree of volatilization of the solvent in the resist, thereby finely adjusting the film thickness distribution. Therefore, when the heating of the heating medium is initiated excessively early, there is a possibility that the film thickness may be unevenly distributed. Therefore, it is preferable that the temperature of the heated gas is at least the first time after the resist liquid has diffused over the entire surface of the wafer. Further, in the case where the planarization step (S4) is carried out to further uniform the thickness of the resist liquid film by rotating the wafer at a low speed between the resist solution coating step (S3) and the drying step (S5) It is preferable to start the injection of the heating gas after or at the same time as the start of the drying step (S5) after the lapse of a predetermined time.

The above embodiment can be variously modified.

For example, in the above embodiment, two of the temperature-control nozzles are provided, but the present invention is not limited to this, and only one or three or more temperature-tone nozzles may be provided. The shape of the outlet of the heating nozzle is not limited to a rectangle but may be other shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a long circle, and a rhombus.

As shown schematically in Fig. 9 (a), the heating nozzles 160A and 160B may be provided at different radial positions (distances from the spin chuck rotation center) r1 and r2, respectively. In this case, the heating gas supply mechanism is configured to individually control the supply of the heating gas to the heating nozzle 160A and the heating nozzle 160B. 9A, reference numeral We denotes the peripheral edge of the wafer, 122ae denotes the peripheral edge of the upper surface 122a of the spin chuck 122, and O denotes the center of rotation of the wafer W and the spin chuck, respectively.

As also schematically shown in 9 (b), the temperature control of the nozzle (160 -1 ~ 160 -n) of the plurality of small diameter and provided on a radially different position, the supply of the temperature control of the gas nozzle to each of temperature control It may be provided with a valve (164 -1 ~ 164 -n) for controlling. In this case, Selecting the valve (164 -1 to 164 -n) for opening (for example, in the case of applying a first resist, and the opening 164 -1 to 164-3, if the application of the second resist, 164 -2 to 164 -4 ) to adjust the temperature control range.

The radial position of the heating nozzle may be changed by operating the heating nozzle. For example, as shown in Fig. 9 (c), a guide 166 is provided in the cup base 134, and a linear actuator 167 for moving the temperature-controlled nozzle 160 'along the guide 166 ). And the end of the channel 162 on the side of the on-off nozzle can be constituted by the flexible tube 162 '.

As shown in Figs. 9A to 9C, when the temperature control region can be changed, it is convenient when the application device 30 needs to change the temperature control region in the case of performing various types of application processing Do.

In the above-described embodiment, the gas is jetted from the temperature-controlled nozzle onto the wafer W, but it may be a gas, a liquid, a gas-liquid mixture or the like jetted onto the wafer W. In the above embodiment, the wafer W is locally heated, but may be cooled.

In the above embodiment, the temperature of the wafer W is locally controlled by the injection of the warm gas. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the local temperature control of the wafer W may be performed by irradiating the wafer W with heat. It is also possible to do. 10 schematically shows an example in which a hot wire irradiation device is provided on the back side of the wafer instead of providing the heating nozzle. In the example shown in Fig. 10, an infrared LED 200 is provided as a hot-wire irradiation device. The infrared LED 200 is supplied with electric power from the power supply 201. The power supply 201 is controlled by a control unit 170 not shown in FIG. When a liquid processing nozzle such as a bevel cleaning nozzle is provided on the wafer back side space BS side, the infrared LED 200 and the electric parts (wirings, terminals, etc.) connected thereto are shielded by an appropriate shield 202). In addition, the shield 202 may be provided with a shield 202a for transmitting infrared light, at a portion facing the back of the wafer W. [

Instead of the infrared LED 200, a laser irradiation device may be provided as schematically shown in Fig. In this case, a laser light source 210 is provided outside the back side space BS of the wafer, and the laser light generated by the laser light source 210, for example, a low-power infrared laser light, W).

10 and 11, the temperature distribution of the wafer W is adjusted by irradiating the wafer with hot wire in the drying step, similarly to the embodiment using the above-described temperature-controlled nozzle, The thickness distribution can be adjusted. Even in the case of using the hot wire irradiation device, the temperature control region can be configured to be changeable as in the case of using the temperature-controlled nozzle. For example, as in the case of the heating nozzles shown in Figs. 9A and 9B, the light-emitting side ends of the plurality of infrared LEDs 200 or the plurality of optical fibers 211 are arranged at positions radially different from each other And the heat ray is irradiated to the back surface of the wafer W from the light-transmitting side end of the selected infrared LED 200 or the optical fiber 211. [ 9 (c), the end portion of the light-emitting side of the infrared LED 200 or the optical fiber 211 can be moved in the radial direction by using the guide / linear actuator.

Further, in the case of using the hot wire irradiation device, the wafer W can be heated substantially without being influenced by the airflow on the back side space (BS) of the wafer, and precision output control can be performed by pulse control or the like. ) Can be precisely adjusted. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the irradiated portion may be contaminated depending on the atmosphere in the wafer back side space (BS). Therefore, it is also conceivable that the irradiated portion should be periodically cleaned. In this respect, it is advantageous to use an embodiment using a temperature-controlled nozzle which is unlikely to occur.

In the above embodiments, the coating liquid is a resist solution, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The techniques according to the above embodiments may be applied to a coating solution other than a resist solution such as an antireflection film, a spin on glass (SOG) Spin On Dielectric) film can be applied. The object to be coated is not limited to the wafer W but may be another substrate such as a FPD (flat panel display) or a mask reticle for a photomask other than the wafer.

The above embodiments are useful in various application processes in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.

Claims (13)

A coating liquid applying step of supplying a coating liquid to a center portion of the substrate and rotating the substrate to cover the entire surface of the substrate with a coating liquid;
A planarization step of planarizing the coating liquid applied to the surface of the substrate by rotating the substrate at a rotation speed lower than the rotation speed of the substrate in the coating liquid application step after the coating liquid application step,
And a drying step of drying the coating liquid by rotating the substrate at a rotation speed higher than the rotation speed of the substrate in the planarization step in a state in which the supply of the coating liquid is stopped after the planarization step,
Characterized in that in the drying step the temperature in the specific range of the radial direction of the substrate at the backside of the substrate is controlled locally and local control of the temperature is initiated at or after the start of the drying process A method for forming a coating film.
delete delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the local adjustment of the temperature is performed by injecting a temperature-adjusting fluid locally in a specific range in the radial direction of the back surface of the substrate.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the temperature-controlled fluid is a gas.
6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the temperature of the substrate is in the range of 30 占 폚 to 40 占 폚.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the local adjustment of the temperature is performed by locally irradiating a hot line to a specific range in the radial direction of the back surface of the substrate.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Wherein the coating film forming method is carried out by a coating apparatus having a spin chuck for holding and rotating the substrate and a cup provided so as to surround the substrate held by the spin chuck, A space surrounded by the substrate held by the spin chuck and a part of the cup is formed and a gap is formed between the periphery of the back surface of the substrate held by the spin chuck and a portion of the cup opposite to the periphery thereof Wherein during the execution of the coating film forming method, a flow of air that interferes with the inflow of fluid or fine particles from the outside of the space into the space through the gap is formed in the cup.
A spin chuck for holding and rotating the substrate,
A coating liquid nozzle for supplying the coating liquid to the surface of the substrate held by the spin chuck,
A cup provided so as to surround the substrate held by the spin chuck,
An exhaust mechanism for sucking the inside of the cup to form an airflow in the cup,
Temperature adjusting means provided so as to locally adjust a temperature in a specific range in the radial direction of the substrate on the back surface side of the substrate held by the spin chuck,
A coating liquid supply mechanism for supplying the coating liquid to the coating liquid nozzle,
And a controller for controlling operations of the spin chuck, the coating liquid supply mechanism, and the temperature adjusting means,
Wherein,
A coating liquid applying step of supplying the coating liquid from the coating liquid nozzle to the center of the substrate and rotating the substrate with the spin chuck to cover the entire surface of the substrate with the coating liquid;
A planarizing step of rotating the substrate at a rotation speed lower than the rotation speed of the substrate in the coating liquid applying step by the spin chuck after the coating liquid applying step and planarizing the coating liquid applied to the surface of the substrate ,
The substrate is rotated by the spin chuck at a rotational speed higher than the rotational speed of the substrate in the planarizing step in a state in which the supply of the coating liquid is stopped from the coating liquid nozzle after the planarizing step, And a drying step for drying is carried out,
Wherein the control unit executes control so that the local temperature control by the temperature control unit is performed in the drying step and the local temperature control is started when the drying process starts or after the drying process.
10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the temperature adjusting means includes a tempering fluid nozzle having an ejection opening that is opened near the back surface of the substrate held by the spin chuck and locally ejecting a tempering fluid in a specific range in the radial direction of the back surface of the substrate .
10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the temperature adjusting means includes a hot ray irradiating device for locally irradiating a hot ray to a specific range in the radial direction of the back surface of the substrate held by the spin chuck.
delete A coating liquid nozzle for supplying the coating liquid to the substrate held by the spin chuck; and a coating liquid nozzle for holding the substrate in a specific range in the radial direction of the substrate held by the spin chuck A coating liquid supplying mechanism for supplying the coating liquid with the coating liquid nozzle, and a controller for controlling the operation of the spin chuck, the coating liquid supplying mechanism, and the temperature adjusting means A computer-readable recording medium storing a program for controlling operations of the spin chuck, the coating liquid supply mechanism, and the temperature adjusting means in a coating apparatus having a control unit including a computer,
Wherein the computer controls the spin chuck, the coating liquid supply mechanism, and the temperature adjusting means by executing the program by the computer,
A coating liquid applying step of supplying the coating liquid from the coating liquid nozzle to the center of the substrate and rotating the substrate with the spin chuck to cover the entire surface of the substrate with the coating liquid;
A planarizing step of rotating the substrate at a rotation speed lower than the rotation speed of the substrate in the coating liquid applying step by the spin chuck after the coating liquid applying step and planarizing the coating liquid applied to the surface of the substrate ,
The substrate is rotated by the spin chuck at a rotational speed higher than the rotational speed of the substrate in the planarizing step in a state in which the supply of the coating liquid is stopped from the coating liquid nozzle after the planarizing step, And a drying step for drying is carried out,
Wherein the control is performed such that the local temperature control by the temperature control means is performed in the drying step and the local temperature control is started when the drying process is started or thereafter.
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