KR101453762B1 - Feed composition for olive flounder using tapioca starch - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the present invention, about 20% of flour is generally included in a combined fodder for halibut to mold and float the combined fodder. However, halibut are creophagous and can rarely digest flour, and the flour can be the cause for diseases or inhibit growth. Also, other components should be reduced by the amount of flour content, and the flour can be inhibitive when high quality combined fodder is produced. To solve the problems in the halibut high quality combined fodder, about 10% of manioc flour having excellent digestion coefficient, instead of flour, is used such that the molding and floating of the fodder can effectively be performed. Fish powder which can reflectively increase the content of protein or an additive which can improve immunity can be added as a fodder raw ingredient, such that a high protein EP fodder can be composed. When the high quality combined fodder for growing halibut is developed, an environmentally friendly production system is constituted. Accordingly, the combined fodder replaces a raw fodder, such that the cultivation period is reduced and the fodder coefficient is improved. Consequently, the combined fodder can industrially be used because an increase in productivity of cultured fish and fisheries contributes to an increase in income.

Description

{Feed composition for olive flounder using tapioca starch}

The present invention relates to a high-protein EP feed composition for flounder containing mannose starch, and more particularly, to a flocked high-protein EP feed composition containing flour (wheat flour) used as a carbohydrate raw material for existing fish feed, Maniacal starch was added to increase the nutrient content by adding a small amount of mannose starch and adding extra protein of the remaining feed composition to enhance the growth of the flounder, feed conversion factor and digestibility, To a high-protein EP feed composition for flounder.

Until the early 1989s, Korean sea fish was cultured by feeding the raw fish to the wild defensively. However, in recent years, aquaculture and cage culture have been actively developed by cultivating techniques such as artificial seed production technology development and proper combination feed development.

Among them, olive flounder, Paralichtys olivaceus ] belongs to the flounder flounder. The body is about 45 cm long. The side with snow is dark brown on the tan background and white on the snowless side. Korean native flounder is a pure carnivorous species.

It is estimated that 70% of the growth rate of olive flounder is maintained for 5 months from July to November when the optimum water temperature is maintained at 20 ℃ ~ 26 ℃. During this period, high protein feed can increase the income, High protein feeds are needed depending on the growing season.

Particularly, in the case of carnivorous fish such as flounder, its availability is extremely limited. In the natural state, fish are mainly composed of animal, such as plankton and crustacean, through the evolution process, and protein and fat can be used as a primary energy source This is because the digestive system has changed. Also physiologically, fish take a lot of time to recover the increased blood sugar level to normal level due to the carbohydrate intake, and the carbohydrate intake of the fish may cause digestion and metabolic disorders.

Carbohydrates are a variety of substances such as sugars, starches, gums, and cellulose. They are the main source of energy for terrestrial animals as the main constituent of plants, but carbohydrates The availability of fish species varies depending on the species.

Since flounder uses fish meal as the main nutrient source, cereal such as flour is hardly used as an energy source, and it can not be digested. However, about 20% of wheat flour is made when the compounded food is manufactured, Lt; / RTI >

Flour is used for the purpose of sticking and floating of feeds in the production of compounded feeds, but flounder is strong carnivorous because it does not utilize carbohydrates, so it causes revenge. Which is an inhibitory factor in the production of high quality compounded feed having a high protein content.

The carbohydrate of polysaccharide is converted to monosaccharide through the process of gelatinization. However, in the case of flounder, the glucose is increased to about 50mg / 100ml after about 6 hours after the feed intake and is very low compared to other species. Even the absorption of monosaccharides is not easy enough to be done after an hour. Therefore, only a certain amount (15 ~ 20%) of carbohydrate is needed for extrusions in flounder feed.

It is essential to minimize the use of cereal materials such as flour and wheat flour, the exclusion of vegetable protein, and the use of high protein fish meal as the center of fish meal protein. Flounder is a pure carnivorous fish which does not use starch but uses fish meal protein (Actin, Myosin, etc.) as a main nutrient rather than fat. It shows 90% or more digestibility rate in 0.2% pepsin liquid. It is 0.001% pepsin And more than 90% of the protein should be prepared. In addition, since high protein feeds of 57% or more are required on a building basis, fish meal having high protein content among fish meal should be used.

On the other hand, in general, fish farms mainly use raw materials (MP). It is important to develop high-quality feeds with high protein content that can increase growth similar to that of raw materials, in order to continuously develop the flounder culture, which is the main cultured species.

Although raw materials are slightly different depending on the fish species, they are produced by mixing 5 ~ 10% of powdered feed ingredients (main ingredient: wheat flour, fish meal, soybean meal) into the fish which make fish meal itself. Therefore, 90% It contains a high concentration of protein. Compared with this, the compounded diets (EP, SEP) are prepared by mixing about 20% of unnecessary wheat flour for puffing injury, so that the content of the building standard protein is lower than that of the raw material.

In order to maintain clean waters and protect offshore fish stocks, the government will eliminate the environmental pollution and raw materials that cause fish stocks to be depleted, and in 2016, , It is necessary to develop economical high-quality diets suitable for cultivation of aquaculture species in order to improve management efficiency in order to improve fish culture competitiveness.

Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2006-0088920 discloses a feed composition for flounder, wherein a portion of the fish meal is divided into a protein source including a fish meal and a krill, a tuna by-product fish meal, a conglutin mill, a soybean meal or a mixture thereof, A dietary composition for the production of flounder is disclosed which improves the growth rate and aquaculture productivity of a flounder including a lipid source and a micronutrient source, and reduces a production cost of a flounder. Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1035727 discloses a functional feed additive capable of replacing a byproduct, which is a byproduct of fish, with a protein source, a preparation step of preparing a shell separated from a fish, which is a production method of the functional feed additive, And a pulverizing step of pulverizing the dried bark in the drying step, a method for producing the feed additive for functional fish, and a method for producing a functional fish feed. Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2010-0101742 The present invention relates to a method for preventing and treating anemia due to enhancement of anti-infectivity by natural immunity enhancement action of marine fishes and improvement of oxygen transport ability by increasing hemoglobin by containing natural physiologically active substances such as fermented milk of lactic acid fermented milk, seaweed polysaccharide, Prevention of diarrhea, promotion of carbohydrate digestion and stimulation of intestinal absorption, increase of feed efficiency, improvement of meat quality by increase of natural minerals and vitamins, reduction of mortality by improvement of water quality environment of aquaculture farm, And a feed for marine fish culturing produced by incorporating the same into a general aquaculture feed. Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2012-0081840 relates to a moor meal EP feed composition for flounder that does not use fish meal, wherein 15 to 20 parts by weight of fish meat byproducts, 20 to 40 parts by weight 5 to 10 parts by weight of crinoline, 8 to 15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 5 to 8 parts by weight of fish oil, 5 to 10 parts by weight of squid liver powder, 12 to 18 parts by weight of wheat flour, 5 parts by weight or less of corn gluten, The present invention provides a moor meal EP diet composition for flounder. The above-mentioned prior arts are intended to produce a high protein content by simply adding a feed ingredient. In order to develop a high-quality compound feed as in the present invention, instead of removing flour (wheat flour) The present invention differs from the present invention in that it is possible to reduce the carbohydrate content and to produce a high-protein mixed feed at the same time as reducing the production cost of the feed.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to replace the flour used as a point-payment with mannyok starch and to improve the growth of the flounder, the feed coefficient and the digestibility by increasing the nutrient content, A high-protein EP feed composition for flounder containing mannych starch.

The present invention provides a high protein EP composition for flounder, comprising maniae starch in an amount of 9-13 wt%. 10-15% by weight of maniacal starch, 55-57% by weight of protein, 10-14% by weight of lipid, 10-13% by weight of whey protein, 3-4% by weight of feed additive, 1-2% 10% by weight of a high-protein EP mixture for flounder.

The protein source in the feed is at least one selected from the group consisting of brown fish meal, krill mill, squid powder, fermented soybean meal, concentrated soybean protein, and conglutinin, the lipid source is fish oil or omega 3, A mineral additive, a vitamin C, calcium monophosphate, an emulsifier, taurine, methionine, beta-glucan, and an enzymatic agent.

As another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a soybean meal, which comprises mixing 11-13% by weight of maniae starch, 73-76% by weight of fish meal, 4-6% by weight of fish oil, krill millet, squid powder, Wherein at least one of the feed additives selected from the group consisting of vitamin and mineral mixture, vitamin C, calcium monophosphate, emulsifier, choline chloride, taurine, methionine, betaglucan, By weight of EP.

Flounder flour contains about 20% of flour for forming and floating of compound feed, but flounder is carnivorous because it does not digest flour almost enough to cause disease or growth inhibition, and the amount of mixing wheat flour About 20%), which is an obstacle to the production of high quality compounded feeds. High quality flounder flour is used instead of wheat flour to obtain a sufficient effect for feed molding and flotation by using about 10% of mannose starch which is superior in digestibility. It can be used as a food additive that can increase protein content, Can be further increased, so that a high-protein EP feed composition can be obtained.

FIG. 1 shows an experimental water tank used for the experiment of the flounder high protein EP feed composition containing the maniac starch of the present invention and a water collecting device for measuring the apparent digestibility.

In the present invention, it is possible to add maniac starch as a binder to reduce the amount of the cross-linking agent to be added compared with the conventional cross-linking agent, and to produce a high-protein dietary flour containing high- A composition is provided.

The maniac (tapioca) starch of the present invention is a starch refined by separating and removing crude fiber, crude protein, crude ash and the like of cassava powder ground roots of cassava tree. Tapioca macaroni, as well as confectionery, starch syrup, glucose, It is used as ingredients and raw materials such as cold noodles, dumplings, baking, ramen noodles. Moisture content is about 50 ~ 70%, but the major component of the solid is dried powdered starch, 8% moisture, 2.6% crude protein, 0.7% crude fat, 4.5% crude fiber, 2.1% ) And 82.1%. Mannox is a starch that is easy to be amylose and has a low amylose content and is hard to aging. It is used for textile industry, pulp, adhesive, chemical starch, etc. by using this property.

Carbohydrates are the main constituent of plants and are a major source of energy for terrestrial animals. However, the availability of carbohydrates in fish varies by species, and the availability of carnivorous fish such as flounder is extremely limited. Carbohydrates refer to a variety of substances, such as sugars, starches, gums, and cellulose, whose common characteristics are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, ) Carbon dioxide and one or more water molecules.

In plants, carbohydrates are synthesized from CO2 and H ₂ O by the action of chlorophyll using solar heat. This synthesis is very important because such synthesized carbohydrates are used by animals. Carbohydrates are divided into cell membrane parts that make up the plant's skeleton and cytoplasmic parts that can be easily digested and used. The former is predominantly cellulose, while the latter is the latter. About 75% of the plants are carbohydrates due to the solids content, while small amounts exist in the form of glycogen, sugar and derivatives thereof in the animal body. Since glycogen is not present in plants, it is sometimes referred to as an animal carbohydrate.

Carbohydrates are the most abundant and economical source of energy for terrestrial livestock, but their importance is not widely acknowledged in fish. This is because the fish have changed their digestive organs so that their main food in their natural state is composed of animal, such as plankton, crustaceans, etc., and through the evolutionary process, proteins and fats can be used as a primary energy source. Physiologically, fish also take a lot of time to recover the increased blood sugar levels to normal levels due to carbohydrate intake. Therefore, the intake of carbohydrates in fish is not as important as that for terrestrial livestock because it can cause digestion, metabolic disturbances.

The main sources of carbohydrates in fish feeds are vegetable diets containing grain, wheat by-products, soybean meal and cottonseed oil. Since carbohydrates do not supply essential nutrients, the requirement for fish has not been established. In other words, the energy requirements of fish will be met by not only carbohydrate but also fat and protein. If sufficient nutrients in the feed are not available, the organism will go back to growth and tissue synthesis and break down the body's proteins for preferential energy fulfillment. The use of carbohydrates as an energy source to conserve proteins is referred to as the 'protein sparing effect of carbohydrates'.

Above the energy requirement level, carbohydrates are converted to fat and accumulate in various tissues as energy conservatives for use during periods of insufficient feed. As a source of energy, carbohydrates also act as precursors to non-essential amino acids. Feed starch also improves the pelleting degree of the feed. Fodder in feed is not used by fish. As the level of fiber in the feed increases, the digestibility decreases. Most of the fiber in the feed ultimately causes water pollution.

High quality compound feeds are used to maximize survival rate and growth of aquaculture fish while maintaining the necessary nutrients required by the target species. At the same time, it is a feed that improves the feed intake rate. It uses sufficient quality fish meal and fish oil and reduces carbohydrate content. And other useful additives. Korean native flounder (flatfish) requires the following conditions to produce excellent flounder mixed feeds as pure carnivorous species.

① Minimize the use of cereal materials such as wheat flour,

Flounder uses fish meal as a main nutrient source, and cereal such as flour is rarely used as an energy source, but it is essential for the production of compound feed (EP, SEP) For the production of one excellent flounder feed, use the minimum amount possible.

② Excretion of vegetable protein, fish meal protein centered prescription

Flounder is a pure carnivorous fish which does not use starch but uses fish meal protein (Actin, Myosin, etc.) as the main nutrient rather than fat. Normal feeds are excellent feeds with 90% digestibility in 0.2% pepsin solution The flounder feed should be prepared mainly in fish meal protein which is more than 90% in 0.001% pepsin solution which is 200 times diluted.

③ Absolute High Protein Essential to use fish meal

Since the flounder requires a high protein diet of 57% or more based on the building standard, fish meal with high protein content should be used among the fish meal. For reference, South America (Chile, Peru) producing 40 ~ 50% of world fish meal classifies fish meal as 7 grade and the protein content of Super Prime Grade is 68%.

Accordingly, the present invention is based on the fact that by adding 9 to 10% of maniac (tapioca) starch, which is an active swollen region, 8 to 9% of fish meal is added (added) and plant proteins having low pepsin digestibility are thoroughly excluded, For 59 ~ 61% compounded feed.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, an experimental example in which a compound feed is analyzed in order to verify the effect of the flounder high protein-containing EP feed composition containing mannose starch is provided below, but the contents of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Ⅰ. Method for preparing experimental feed composition

1. Experimental feed composition

Table 1 shows the composition of the flounder high protein EP feed and the comparative experimental feed containing the maniac starch of the present invention. For the experimental group, three kinds of high quality feed (mannitol), commodity feed (wheat flour) and raw materials were used. The protein source was brown fish meal (Peru), krill powder, squid powder, fermented soybean meal, concentrated soybean protein, and conglutin mill. The lipid sources were fish oil, carbohydrate sources were manioc (tapioca) starch and wheat flour Flour) was used. Feed additives were vitamins and minerals, vitamin C, calcium monophosphate, emulsifiers, taurine, methionine, betaglucan, and enzymes.

Mixed feed (EP) was extruded and extruded after mixing raw materials. The feed size was formed with a diameter of 7 ~ 13mm and the raw material was mixed or alone using frozen clams, .

Experimental Feed Composition of Flounder High Protein EP Feed Composition Containing Mannox Starch Experimental Section High Protein EP Feed Product EP Feed Raw material Peruvian fish meal (anchovy, superprime 68% or more) 74.0 67.0 Fish oil  5.0  4.0 Manitoba (tapioca starch) 11.0 - Wheat flour 3nd - 19.0 Dehulled soybean meal  2.0  2.0 Concentrated soy protein (concentrated soy protein)  1.0  1.0 Wheat gluten meal  1.0  1.0 Corn gluten meal  1.0  1.0 Krill meal  1.0  1.0 Squid meal  1.0  1.0 Stabilized vitamin C (vitamin C, stay-C)  0.1  0.1 Vitamin + mineral mixture (vit + min premix)  0.3  0.3 Emulsifier (lechithin)  1.0  1.0 Calcium monophosphate (M.C.P)  0.5  0.5 Choline chloride  0.2  0.2 Other additives ^*  0.9  0.9 Raw fish 90 Powdered powder 10 Nutrition Facts (Building,%) moisture 6.2  7.8 72.1 Crude protein 55.9  52.1 56.8 Crude lipid 12.4 10.5 13.8 Views min 12.1 10.6 11.9 Crude fiber  1.7  2.1

^* Taurine, methionine, beta glucan,

2. Characteristics of feed composition production

Flounder, unlike other marine fish, is a strong carnivorous fish and uses absolute high-protein fish meal as the main nutrient source. On the other hand, since the digestive physiological flour (wheat flour) and cereals are rarely used as an energy source, It is appropriate to minimize the use of cereal material such as wheat flour.

Conventional commodity feeds should use around 20% of wheat flour which has nothing to do with the nutrition of flounder. Therefore, even when using Super Prime Grade high quality fish meal, high protein feed can not be manufactured, have.

Therefore, the mannose (tapioca) starch was substituted for about 20% of wheat flour (flour) contained in the flounder EP feed to thoroughly exclude the carbohydrate raw material having poor pepsin digestibility. In addition, even when using 10% of maniac (tapioca) starch, it is excellent in the sticking effect of EP feed, and the remaining 10% of the total amount of feed is replaced with other nutrients (protein, lipid, Making it possible to produce high-protein EP feeds comparable to those of nutrients.

Ⅱ. On-site Verification Test and Results of EP Feeding Pattern of Flounder High Protein

1. Growth rate survey

The experimental fishes were transported from Cheongyang to Gyeongbuk to the 12 * 12m concrete tanks (mean ± SD) with a mean weight of 81.8 ± 3.5 g (mean ± SD) after preliminary breeding. Each).

Oxygen was supplied by air stone, and the amount of water in the breeding water was adjusted to 24 rotations per day. The average temperature of the rearing period was 21.4 ± 2.1 ℃, depending on the natural water temperature. Feeding was performed once or twice a day at 0.1 to 2.5% (based on building) of the fish body weight, and the feeding period was 5 months (from June to November, 2001).

Body weight was measured at the beginning and end of breeding experiment for 48 hours before measurement. Survival rate, growth rate, daily growth rate, feed efficiency and daily feed intake were investigated at the end of experiment.

Table 2 shows the field test results of the dietary flour high protein EP composition containing mannych starch. Survival rate was 98% in all feeds. The final average weight, body weight gain, and feed efficiency were significantly higher (P <0.05) in the high protein diet than in the diet and feed, but there was no significant difference between the diet and the diet.

On-site Verification Test of EP Feed Form of Flounder High Protein Feed compartment High Protein EP Feed Commodity feed Raw material first Total number of grains 8,000 8,000 8,000 Average weight (g) 81.6 81.8 82.8 Gross weight (kg) 653 654 662 final Total number of grains 7,895 7,864 7,875 Average weight (g) 587.2 ^a 563.3 ^b 560.3 ^b Gross weight (kg) 4,636 ^a 4,430 ^b 4,413 ^b Survival rate (%) 98.7 ± 0.54 98.3 ± 0.45 98.4 ± 0.27 Growth Rate (%) ¹ 619.3 ± 9.1 ^a 589.1 ± 5.3 ^b 577.1 + - 6.6 ^b Daily Growth Rate (%) 1.36 + 0.01 ^a 1.33 ± 0.01 ^b 1.32 ± 0.01 ^b Feed efficiency (building,%) ² 95.2 ± 2.56 ^a 88.8 ± 2.84 ^b 84.9 ± 3.12 ^b Feed Factor (Building) 1.05 1.13 1.18 Obesity 1.18 ± 0.01 ^a 1.14 ± 0.02 ^b 1.17 + 0.01 ^a Daily feed intake rate (building,%) ³ 1.39 ± 0.03 ^b 1.47 ± 0.02 ^ab 1.53 + 0.02 ^a

¹ (final weight - initial weight) × 100 / initial weight. ² Total gross weight x 100 / feed intake (building).

³ Total feed intake (building) × 100 / [(gross body weight of first fish + gross weight of final fish body + gross weight of dead fish) × days of raising / 2].

The feed conversion factor (building standard) was 1.05 for high protein diet, which was higher than the commercial diets 1.13 and 1.18. The obesity index was not significantly different from the high - protein diet, but higher than the conventional diets. The daily dietary intake was the highest, while the high protein diet was the lowest. Table 3 shows a comparison of feed costs according to the feeding of high-protein EP diets based on feed factors.

Comparison of Feeding Ratio According to Feeding of EP Diet of Flounder High Protein (%) When producing 1 kg of flounder Feed compartment High Protein EP Feed ¹ Commodity Feed ² Life ³ Feed Factor (Building) 1.05 1.13 1.18 Total feed rate (%) ¹ 1,141 1,228 3,930 Building supply (g) 1,050 1,130 1,180 Feed costs (won) 3,309 3,377 3,144 Comparison (%) ² 100 102 95

¹ High quality EP feed moisture content 8% (price 2,900 won / kg), ² product feed moisture content 8% (price 2,750 won / kg)

³ raw material moisture content 70% (price 800 Yuan / kg, including additives)

As a result of comparing high quality EP feed with 1kg of flounder, the feed cost was lower than that of the conventional product feed (102), but the feed cost was 5% higher than that of the raw feed. This suggests that if the breeding period is shortened by rapid growth, high-quality EP feeds will have a higher feedstock reduction effect than conventional feedstuffs, and they will be more competitive with feedstuffs compared to raw feedstuffs.

Based on the results of this growth, high - protein feedstuffs showed better performance in terms of growth and feed cost saving than conventional feedstuffs and raw materials.

2. Meat quality evaluation test

2.1 General analysis tests and results

The crude protein (N × 6.25) was measured by the Auto Kjeldahl System (Bunchi B-324/435/124, Switzerland; Metrohm 8-719 / 806, Switzerland) ), Crude fat was extracted with ether, and the crude fat was measured after 4 hours of conversation at 550 ℃.

Table 4 shows the general compositional analysis results of the whole body. The results were derived as mean ± standard deviation (n = 2), and the results with different superscripts in the same row indicate significance between the means (P <0.05). High quality feed in crude protein , And there was no difference in crude protein content between commercial EP diets and raw milk products.

Field trials of high quality EP diet for flounder (%) Feed compartment High quality EP feed Commodity feed Raw material Whole body analysis   moisture 71.1 ± 0.58 ^b 71.5 ± 0.58 ^b 72.1 ± 0.72 ^a   Crude protein (%) 22.1 ± 0.21 ^a 21.6 ± 0.27 ^b 21.4 ± 0.23 ^b   Crude lipid (%) 3.2 ± 0.05 ^ns 3.1 ± 0.15 3.3 ± 0.09 Ashes (%) ² 3.6 ± 0.12 ^ns 3.8 ± 0.36 3.2 ± 0.23

Therefore, protein contents in whole body were accumulated by high - protein EP diet, which is higher than that of product EP, and high - protein EP diet composition will affect the protein supply of marine products in the future. The crude lipid and crude oil were not different in all feed groups.

2.2 Fatty Acid Component Analysis Tests and Results

For fatty acid analysis, 4 g of chloroform: methanol mixed solvent (2: 1, v / v) was added to 3 g of the lyophilized and ground muscle of each feed and muscle, and the mixture was stirred for 2 minutes with a homogenizer. The resulting filtrate was placed in a flask, and the solvent was removed by evaporator to extract lipids. The extracted lipid was added with 2 mL of 14% BF ₃ -methanol (Sigma Chemical Co., USA), heated at 85 ° C for 30 minutes, extracted with petroleum ether, and used as a fatty acid analysis sample.

GC analysis was performed using gas chromatography (HP6890, USA) with HP-INNOWax capillary column (30m × 0.32mm id, film thickness 0.5μm, Hewlett-Packard, USA) and carrier gas was helium. The injector and detector (FID) temperatures were set at 250 ° C and 270 ° C, respectively, and the oven temperature was increased from 170 ° C to 225 ° C by 1 ° C / min.

Analysis of whole body fatty acid in EP diet of flounder high protein ¹ (%) Fatty acid Feed compartment Pooled
SEM ² High quality EP feed Commodity feed Raw material 14: 0 2.85 ^ns 2.90 3.12 0.12 16: 0 15.34 ^ns 15.55 16.26 1.08 18: 0 2.38 ^a 2.58 ^ab 2.85 ^b 0.06 16: 1n-7 5.60 ^ns 5.55 6.36 1.10 18: 1n-9 13.88 ^b 13.75 ^b 16.50 ^a 0.68 20: 1n-9 2.88 ^ns 2.88 3.58 0.20 24: 1n-9 0.23 ^a 0.21 ^ab 0.16 ^b 0.03 18: 2n-6 6.29 ^ns 6.19 5.82 0.68 18: 3n-6 0.43 ^ns 0.45 0.46 0.09 18: 3n-3 0.88 ^a 0.79 ^a 0.89 ^b 0.02 20: 4n-6 1.32 ^ns 1.32 1.30 0.03 20: 5n-3 8.91 ^a 8.12 ^b 8.79 ^a 0.05 22: 4n-6 0.37 ^ns 0.39 0.35 0.03 22: 5n-3 3.49 ^ns 3.78 3.23 0.16 22: 6n-3 27.13 ^a 25.23 ^ab 22.30 ^b 1.32

¹ mean ± standard error (n = 2), with different superscripts in the same row (P <0.05).

² Pooled standard error of mean: SD / √n.

Each fatty acid was identified by comparing the retention time with the standard fatty acid methyl ester mixture (Sigma Chemical Co., USA) under the same conditions. The content of each fatty acid was expressed as a relative percentage of each peak area.

Table 5 shows the fatty acid composition of the whole body of the flounder fed with the EP diet of flounder high protein. The content of palmitic acid (16: 0) was the highest in saturated fatty acid (SFA) of oleaginous flounder fed with high protein, EP diets and diets, and unsaturated fatty acid Oleic acid (18: 1) and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6) were the most abundant.

Diet fed diets showed higher levels of oleic acid (18: 1) than diets (EP), which have beneficial effects on geriatric diseases such as arteriosclerosis by lowering blood triglycerides and cholesterol. On the other hand, high quality EP diets contained higher fatty acids, linolenic acid (18: 3), EPA (20: 5) and DHA (22: 6) This suggests that high-quality EP feed composition may be related to growth and feed efficiency by satisfying the requirement of essential fatty acid by 2% higher fat content than conventional EP feed.

Based on the above results, in order to maximize the growth of the high-protein flounder high-protein EP diet, it is necessary to satisfy the fatty acid of the omega-3 family, and it is considered that the lipid content in the high-protein EP feed composition is required to be about 12%.

2.3 Analysis of constituent amino acid composition

For the analysis of constituent amino acids, 0.5 g of the sample was precisely lyophilized and crushed, and 15 mL of 6N-HCl was added to the test tube. The sample was vacuum-sealed for more than 24 hours in a dry oven at 110 ° C.

The filtrate was filtered through a glass filter, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at 55 ° C to completely evaporate hydrochloric acid and water. The concentrated sample was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter using a 25 mL constant volume flask with sodium citrate buffer (pH 2.20) One sample solution was analyzed using an amino acid automatic analyzer (Biochrom 30, Biochrom Ltd., England) under the following conditions.

Cation separation column (Oxidized Feedstuff Column, 4.6 mm × 200 mm) was used and 0.2M sodium citrate buffer (pH 3.20, 4.25), 1.2M sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.45) and 0.4M sodium hydroxide solution were used as the mobile phase. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.42 mL / min, the flow rate of the ninhydrin solution was 0.33 mL / min, the column temperature was 48-95 ° C, and the reaction temperature was 135 ° C.

Table 6 shows the compositional amino acid composition of the olive flounder fed with EP diet. Lysine content was the highest among the essential amino acids of all flounder flounder, and aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and lysine were the major constituent amino acids. The higher amino acid content of high - quality EP diets was higher than that of conventional diets and raw materials.

Amino acid analysis of whole body composition of high - protein flounder EP diet ¹ (% to total amino acid) Amino acids Feed compartment Pooled
SEM ² High quality EP feed Commodity feed Raw material Aspartic acid 10.24 ^ns 10.03 9.50 0.35 Threonine 4.66 ^a 4.62 ^a 4.40 ^b 0.06 Serine 4.27 ^ns 4.39 4.32 0.02 Glutamic acid 15.39 ^ns 15.19 14.85 0.65 Proline 1.18 ^b 1.18 ^b 2.60 ^a 0.22 Glycine 6.96 ^b 6.90 ^b 8.20 ^a 0.06 Alanine 6.69 ^ns 6.53 6.60 0.12 Cystine 0.78 ^a 0.79 ^b 0.52 ^b 0.01 Valine 5.35 ^ns 5.14 5.20 0.06 Methionine 2.79 ^ns 2.74 2.70 0.08 Isoleucine 4.66 ^ns 4.51 4.15 0.04 Leucine 7.89 ^ns 7.84 7.40 0.14 Tyrosine 3.41 ^ns 3.22 3.15 0.03 Phenylalanine 4.18 ^a 4.12 ^ab 3.95 ^b 0.02 Histidine 2.49 ^ns 2.35 2.44 0.02 Lysine 9.49 ^a 9.37 ^a 8.89 ^b 0.06 Arginine 6.48 ^ns 6.36 6.41 0.04

¹ mean ± standard error (n = 2), with different superscripts in the same row (P <0.05).

² Pooled standard error of mean: SD / √n.

3. Digestibility evaluation test

3.1 Experimental fish breeding management

Experimental diets were prepared by adding 0.5% of chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ) to high quality EP feed and feed composition except for raw materials. The flounder used in the experiment was transferred from the test farm to the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute and was used for the digestibility test.

FIG. 1 shows an experimental water tank used for the experiment of the flounder high protein EP feed composition containing the maniac starch of the present invention and a water collecting device for measuring the apparent digestibility. The flounder (about 500 g average weight) was randomly selected and placed in a tank of 400 L for each tank. First, the sand-filtered seawater was adjusted to a flow rate of 1 L / min. During the rearing period, the rearing temperature was in the range of 20.5 ℃, depending on the natural water temperature.

3.2 minutes collection

For the experiment, the experimental feed (high-quality EP feed, commodity feed) was cleaned and freshly re-fed in the tank after 19 hours of collection. After that, a minute collecting tube was installed in each of the water tanks and collected for a total of 10 days by collecting the next day (10:00 hr). The collected samples were filtered at a low temperature using a filter paper, and stored in a -40 ° C cryogenic freezer. After all the fractions were collected, the fractions were lyophilized using a freezer dryer and used for analysis.

3.3 Digestibility Measurement

Chung and Slinger (1979) and Sugiura et al. (1979) used the chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ) method (Hanley, 1987) (1998). (The digestibility of each nutrient was measured indirectly by using chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ) as an index material and the protein content of the feed and minerals was measured. The amount of chromium oxide And the protein digestibility of each feed was measured by the following equation.

- Dry matter digestibility (%) = 100 × (Cr ₂ O ₃ in the _feed,% / min Cr ₂ O _3, in%)

- Protein Digestibility (%) = 100 × (feed of the Cr ₂ O _3,% / min in the Cr ₂ O _3,%) × (minutes of protein,% / feed protein,% of)

3. Results of digestibility measurement by 4-minute collection

Table 7 shows the digestibility evaluation results of flounder high protein EP and feed diets. The evaluation results are shown as mean ± error (n = 2) and different superscripts in the same row indicate significance between the averages (P <0.05).

Protein, lipid, energy and carbohydrate (NFE) of high protein EP diets were 78.0%, 90.6%, 88.9%, 84.8% and 87.0%, respectively. Most of the high quality EP feeds showed higher digestibility than the conventional feeds.

In particular, carbohydrate (NFE) nutrient digestibility was high protein (84.8%), 18.1% higher than commodity feed (66.7%). This suggests that the digestibility of high-protein EP diets supplemented with mannose starch, which is a carbohydrate raw material, is higher than that of conventional flour, the digestibility of nutrients is closely related to the growth and feed efficiency, and will significantly affect the composition of high-quality flounder .

Digestibility evaluation results of EP diet and commodity feed of flounder high protein Item Digestibility analysis High-quality feed Commodity feed Dry matter 78.0 ± 3.12 ^ns 72.5 ± 0.61 Crude protein 90.6 ± 1.24 ^a 84.9 ± 0.97 ^b Crude lipid 88.9 ± 1.31 ^a 85.1 ± 2.11 ^b Carbohydrate (NFE) 84.8 ± 1.52 ^a 66.7 ± 0.70 ^b Energy 87.0 + - 2.25 ^a 79.7 ± 0.18 ^b

III . Economic effects of feed production

Mannock starch, when added to the dietary formulations instead of flour, can result in the formation and flotation effects of formulated feeds at about half the amount of flour added. Because it is cheaper than potato and modified starch, it can improve the income of fishermen and increase the competitiveness of aquaculture by reducing feed production cost and producing high efficiency compound feed.

The price of substitute items was 1,000 won / kg for potato / modified starch, 400 won / kg for flour, and 600 won / kg for manny corn starch. Maniac starch was cheaper than potato starch, % Can be reduced by replacing mannyok starch with 40 Yuan / kg (400 Yuan / kgX0.1), which can contribute to the stabilization of the compound feed price, When added, it is possible to achieve the effect of forming and floating of the compounded feed at about half of the amount of flour added.

High-quality diets used high quality feeds at the same price due to shortening of cultivation period and improvement of feed coefficient, and about 20,000 tons of diets were used in the year of 2013 for flounder, Ton (about 12 billion won) of feed, and 15,000 tons of flounder can be produced when 20,000 tons of feed is supplied as the current feedstuff coefficient, but it is possible to produce 20,000 tons by improving the feed factor by producing high quality mixed feed There is an effect that can be. In addition, it is expected that the development of high-protein mixture feed for flounder will strengthen the competitiveness of domestic feed quality and bring about import substitution effect of more than $ 10 million / year due to high quality feed production. Currently, the export amount of compound feed is $ 3.6 million However, production of high-quality feeds is expected to lead to a significant increase in animal feed exports.

Flounder flour contains about 20% of flour for forming and floating of compound feed, but flounder is carnivorous because it does not digest flour so it causes illness or growth inhibition, and amount of mixing wheat flour About 20%), which is an obstacle to the production of high quality compounded feeds. High quality flounder flour can be used in place of wheat flour to obtain a sufficient effect for feed molding and flotation by using about 10% of mannose starch which is excellent in digestibility. It is a food additive that can increase the protein content, , And thus it is possible to form high-protein EP feeds. By developing such high-quality diets for the production of flounder, it is possible to expand the export market for countries that require strict sanitation management such as the EU and the United States by establishing an eco-friendly production system and replacing raw materials with diets. It contributes to price stabilization by tariff cuts and improves the productivity of fish farming by shortening the cultivation period and feed factor, and contributes to income increase of fishery.

Claims (5)

10-13% by weight of maniacal starch, 55-61% by weight of protein, 10-14% by weight of lipid, 10-13% by weight of aspirate, 3-4% by weight of feed additive, 1-2% by weight of crude fiber and 5-10% By weight of a high-protein EP mixture for flounder
The protein feed according to claim 1, wherein the protein source is at least one selected from brown fish meal, krill mill, squid powder, fermented soybean meal, concentrated soybean protein, and conglutinin wheat flour.
The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the lipid source is fish oil or omega 3, and the feed additive is at least one selected from a vitamin and mineral mixture, vitamin C, calcium monophosphate, emulsifier, taurine, methionine, betaglucan, High Protein EP Mixed Feed for Flounder
Wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of maniae starch 11-13 wt%, fish meal 73-76 wt%, fish oil 4-6 wt%, krill mill, squid powder, peeled soybean meal, concentrated soybean protein, 8 to 8% by weight of at least one feed additive selected from the group consisting of vitamins and minerals, vitamin C, calcium monophosphate, emulsifiers, choline chloride, taurine, methionine, betaglucan and enzymes. High Protein EP Mixed Feed delete

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