KR101423293B1 - High efficiency EP feed compositon adjusting the amount of protein base material in substitution for forrage vert - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an EP feedstuff composition for halibuts which can be a substitute for a moisture pellet (MP) feedstuff. A protein base material of the feedstuff composition is adjusted so that the feedstuff composition can have a low feed coefficient while retaining nutrients a moisture pellet (MP) feedstuff has. The feedstuff composition is manufactured by mixing 66 weight% of brown fish powder, 5 weight% of hydrolyzed fish protein, 1 weight% of krill powder, 1 weight% of squid powder, 2 weight% of a fermented soybean meal, 1 weight% of concentrated soybean protein, 2 weight% of wheat gluten, 16 weight% of wheat flour, 3 weight% of fish oil, and 3 weight% of inorganic materials and additives. When compared to the moisture pellet (MP) feedstuff, the EP feedstuff composition has similar breeding results of growing and fattening halibuts and has similar feedstuff efficiency. Meanwhile, the EP feedstuff has an outstandingly low feed coefficient and thus can contribute to development of an aquaculture industry.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a flour-based high-efficiency EP feed composition for replacing a raw material with a protein raw material,

The present invention relates to a flounder EP feed composition capable of replacing a conventional raw material (MP), and provides a feed composition having a low feed coefficient and high efficiency by maintaining the nutrients of the raw material by controlling the protein raw material.

Today, the field of aquaculture and nutrition is one of the key keys to success in the aquaculture industry. It is a well-known fact that when the seed production technology is developed for the aquaculture industry by selecting the most important culturable species, it is necessary to support the breeding management by the quality feed. In particular, although feed costs vary by fish species, they account for 30-60% of the aquaculture unit production cost, indicating the importance of feed nutrition (NRC, 1993). With the rapid development of aquaculture technology, the production of seafood aquaculture has continuously increased from 3,000 tons in 1990 to 76,000 tons in 2012, while the annual compound feed consumption (2012 basis) is 101 thousand tons (19%), Ton (81%), respectively.

The proportion of marine aquaculture in overall fish culture has increased very rapidly, but there has been little development of compound feed due to lack of feed nutrition research. Even though formulated feeds have been developed, they are not suitable for large shark species and are not subject to the farming specifications because they are not significantly improved in terms of growth and feed efficiency, or are expensive in terms of cost.

In particular, in the case of flounder, the use rate of the compounded feed is less than 20%, and in the fishery field of 80% or more, a wet feed such as mackerel, canary, horse mackerel and the like is mixed with frozen raw food or 3 to 5% powdery feed. One of the reasons for this is the recognition that the flounder-fed diet has a slower rate of growth compared to the live feed.

However, these feedstuffs are easily collapsed at the feeding time and the penetration of water is fast and they sink easily. The amount of the feedstuffs is as high as 20 ~ 30%. The increase of the nitrogen and phosphorus load by the feedstuffs is a crucial factor . In addition, there are frequent occurrences of fish diseases resulting from nutrient imbalance and an increase in mortality rate, and there is a serious problem of unstable supply of fishes due to depletion of fish stocks and fluctuation of prices thereof, , Which is accompanied by an enormous cost depending on the supply.

In recent years, extruded pellets in the form of extruded and dried in a certain form have been produced. However, these EP diets have a disadvantage in that they are harder in physical properties and cause ingestion and digestive disorders, and have a slower growth rate than wet feeds.

Therefore, as a management efficiency measure for improving fish farming competitiveness, it is priority to develop economical high quality compound feed suitable for raising aquaculture species. High quality compound feeds can be said to be able to maximize the survival rate and growth of aquaculture fish while improving the feed intake ratio by equipping all necessary nutrients required by the target species. It is possible to use high quality fish meal and fish oil, reduce carbohydrate content, and add high quality vitamins, minerals and other useful additives.

Recently, researches and developments of aquaculture feed have progressed actively, and growth and meat quality have been proved to be comparable to the quality of the raw material. However, the actual usage rate of the formulated feed is still lower than that of the raw material. In order to solve these problems with mixed feeds, it is important to prove and evaluate the effects of the production of high-quality compounded feeds through a comparative breeding experiment in cooperation with aquaculture farmers.

Accordingly, the present invention has developed a highly efficient compound feed that can maximize the growth of aquaculture fish in order to activate eco-friendly compound feed which can be used as a substitute for a raw material, And to increase the use of diets by aquaculture farmers.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0660642 discloses a feed composition for flounder culturing comprising a protein source including a fish meal and a krill, a tuna by-product fish meal, a conglutin mill, a soybean meal or a mixture thereof, a carbohydrate source, a lipid source and a micronutrient source . Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1284720 discloses that 15 to 20 parts by weight of fish meat byproducts, 20 to 40 parts by weight of fish meat, 5 to 10 parts by weight of krill, 8 to 15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 5 to 8 parts by weight of squid liver powder, 5 to 10 parts by weight of squid liver powder, 12 to 18 parts by weight of wheat flour, 5 parts by weight or less of corn gluten and 8 parts by weight or less of an additive Is disclosed. Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1039620 discloses a liquid culture medium for cultured flounder including citrus juice concentrate from Jeju, citrus peel from Jeju island, oyster powder of palm cactus, licorice, chitosan oligosaccharide, raw milk, soybean meal, effective fermented microorganism, Feed additives are disclosed. In Korean Patent Registration No. 10-2007-0125907, seaweeds used as food for sea cucumbers are crushed, and crushed seaweeds are boiled to remove a certain amount of mucilage so that they do not adhere to each other. The crushed seaweeds after boiling are finely ground and filtered A method and a device for manufacturing a sea cucumber food. Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1087019 discloses that natural physiologically active substances such as mushroom fermented milk, seaweed polysaccharide, and quartz stone are contained to enhance anti-infectivity by natural immunity enhancement of marine fishes, and enhancement of oxygen transport ability by increasing hemoglobin, , Aquaculture feed additives for marine fish having the effect of promoting growth by promoting carbohydrate digestion and promoting intestinal absorption, improving feed efficiency, improving meat quality by increasing natural minerals and vitamins, decreasing mortality by improving the water quality of aquaculture farm, And a feed for marine fish culturing which is prepared by incorporating it into general cultured feed. However, in this prior art, the composition of the high-efficiency compound feed which can maximize the growth of aquacultured fish is not disclosed in order to activate the use of the environmentally friendly compound feed which can be used in place of the flounder of the present invention, .

The present invention relates to a flounder EP feed composition capable of replacing a conventional raw material (MP), and provides a feed composition having a low feed coefficient and high efficiency by maintaining the nutrients of the raw material by controlling the protein raw material.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the feed composition of the present invention comprises 66 wt% of brown fish meal, 5 wt% of fish hydrolyzed protein, 1 wt% of krill powder, 1 wt% of squid powder, 2 wt% of fermented soybean, , 2% by weight of wheat gluten, 16% by weight of wheat flour, 3% by weight of fish oil, and 3% by weight of an inorganic substance and 3% by weight of an additive.

The brown fish meal of the composition is anchovy, and the inorganic substance and additives are 0.5% by weight of a vitamin / mineral mixture, 0.5% by weight of Vit-C (stay-C), 0.5% by weight of calcium monophosphate, %, And the other additives are preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of emulsifiers, taurine, beta-glucan, enzymes, and probiotics.

The fish hydrolyzed protein is characterized in that the raw material is selected and pulverized, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by filtration, ultra-rapid sterilization and spray drying to produce fish hydrolyzed protein.

In addition, krill mill is used for pretreatment process (enzymatic hydrolysis and fluorine freeze inhibition, antioxidation treatment) of krill, and frozen and thawed the amount of used krill, cooked by indirect heat transfer method, treated with antimicrobial treatment and antioxidant treatment And then crushed by a heat transfer method to obtain a crushed powder.

With the development of cultured fish and the improvement of fish quality and the development of high efficiency mixed feeds with low feed factors, aquaculture fish can use high quality compound feed instead of raw feed and MP feed, which can form a future oriented and environmentally friendly aquaculture industry. In addition, the development of economical high-efficiency compound feeds will reduce the wasting of labor and time required to prevent nutritional diseases and pathogenic infections caused by nutrient imbalance, reduce water pollution caused by feed loss, freeze storage, distribution and preparation When quality feeds are mass-produced, it is possible to predict the stable production of fish and to control the supply and demand of aquaculture products.

Figure 1 shows a photograph of a flounder farm.
Figure 2 shows the flounder and EP feed.

I. Characterization and composition analysis of main protein materials

1. Characteristics of major protein sources

1.1 Brown fish meal

Anchovy fish meal imported as super-prime grade protein (protein 68% or more, fat 10%, ash 15%, acid value 7.5 mg / g or less, volatile basic nitrogen 100 mg / 100 g or less, histamine 50 ppm or less) ) Were used.

1.2 Fish hydrolyzed protein

It is an enzyme treated protein source in the form of low molecular weight peptide which is easy to digest through hydrolysis using enzymatic protein source. This raw material is a high-quality protein source from food fish and has a high protein content (75%). Improve protein digestibility and availability, improve palatability, improve growth rate and immunity.

The fish hydrolyzed proteins are processed and processed into fish hydrolyzed proteins by screening, pulverizing, enzymatic hydrolysis, filtration, ultra-rapid sterilization and spray drying.

1.3. Squid powder

It has low heavy metal content and high protein content (83%) because it is made by removing squid gut. Good palatability in feed improves feed rate and feed efficiency as well as feed intake.

1.4. Fermented soybean paste

Fermentation strains (lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus . For anti-nutritional factor contents, trypsin inhibitor was 1 mg / g or less, lectin was 41 ppm, glycinine was 7.9 g / , Beta-conglycinin (1.4 g / 100 g) and organic acid (3.0%). The efficiency of digestion is very high because the antioxidant factor is much lower than the existing soybean meal.

1.5. Krill mill

Compared to other substances, it has excellent natural inducing effect and rich in carotenoids (beta carotene, astaxanthin, etc.), so it has excellent antioxidant effect, immunity and coloring effect.

In the process of krill mill processing, krill is caught by pretreatment process (enzymatic hydrolysis process, inhibition of fluorine freezing process, antioxidation process), frozen, thawed and crushed, cooked by indirect heat transfer method, treated with antimicrobial treatment and antioxidant Dried by an indirect heat transfer method and pulverized to produce a krill powder.

2. Analysis method and composition analysis by protein material

All analysis results were expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD) measured 3 times. The statistical analysis of results was performed by one-way ANOVA-test using SPSS program and Duncan's multiple range test (1955) The significance was tested.

2.1 General compositional analysis

The general components of protein feedstuffs were analyzed by AOAC (1990) using crude protein (N ㅧ 6.25) using Auto Kjeldahl System (Buchi B-324/435/412, Switzerland; Metrohm 8-719 / 806, Swizerland) The crude fat was extracted with ether and the moisture was measured after drying in a dry oven at 105 ℃ for 6 hours. The total energy was measured using a bomb calorimeter (Parr 1356, USA). The general analysis results are shown in the table below.

General ingredients of protein feedstuffs Protein source name moisture
(%) Crude protein
(%) Crude lipid
(%) Views min
(%) Crude fiber
(%) calorie
(cal / g) Brown fish meal (anchovy) 9.7 68.3 7.3 12.7 0.73 4553 Fish hydrolyzate 4.6 74.5 21.7 4.8 - 5,860 Squid min 9.2 74.6 3.8 10.9 2.0 4533 Krill 12.1 59.1 11.4 9.4 5.6 4799 Fermented soybean paste 10.9 55.2 0.3 7.0 7.0 4512 Concentrated soybean protein 6.4 74.1 0.3 8.1 3.5 4912 Wheat gluten 6.7 83.7 1.0 0.5 2.8 4635

2.2 Analysis of constituent amino acids

The amino acid was obtained by hydrolyzing the sample with 6N HCl in a sand bath at 110 ° C for 24 hours and then concentrating the sample under reduced pressure using an amino acid automatic analyzer (L-8800, Hitachi, Column: Ion exchange, Injection Pump: Pressure 0-19.6 Mpa, Flow Rate 0.05-0.99 ml / min, Column Oven: Electrothermal cooling (30-70 ° C), Reaction Unit: Reaction Column (135 ° C, 50 ° C), Photometer: Wavelength 570 nm, 440 nm). Table 2 shows the results of analysis by raw materials.

Amino acid analysis result (% in protein) Brown fish meal A fish singer
Degradation protein Squid min Krill Fermented soybean paste Concentrated soybean protein Wheat gluten Arg 5.6 6.5 7.1 6.4 6.6 8.6 1.7 His 3.0 2.7 2.1 2.7 1.3 1.7 1.7 Ile 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.8 1.8 2.5 2.2 Leu 7.7 7.2 7.1 7.8 2.7 3.7 3.8 Lys 8.1 7.9 6.1 7.8 4.0 6.1 1.9 Met 3.4 1.3 2.8 3.1 0.5 0.7 1.0 Cys 1.1 1.5 1.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.6 Phe 4.5 3.9 3.6 4.7 2.1 2.9 3.3 Tyr 3.4 2.9 1.7 3.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 Thr 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.4 2.9 3.6 2.7 Val 6.1 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.0 5.2 4.9 Asp 9.5 9.9 9.8 10.8 6.6 8.6 2.8 Ser 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.2 4.1 5.5 5.7 Glu 13.6 13.6 14.0 14.6 9.9 13.9 30.1 Gly 6.1 7.8 5.8 4.7 3.6 4.6 4.5 Ala 6.5 5.3 5.9 5.9 2.2 2.8 2.0

2.3 Fatty Acid Analysis

Fatty acid analysis was performed by Folch et al. (SPTM-2560, 100 m ×) was prepared by methylation of fatty acids with 14% BF 3 -methanol (Sigma, USA) in a solution of chloroform and methanol (2: 1) Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography (PerkinElmer, Clarus 600, USA) equipped with 0.25 mm id, film thickness 0.20 μm, USA. Carrier gas was helium, and the oven temperature was increased from 140 ℃ to 240 ℃ by 4 ℃ / min. At this time, the injector temperature was set at 250 ° C and the detector (FID) temperature was set at 260 ° C. A 37 fatty acid mixture (PUFA 37 Component FAME Mix, USA) was used as a standard fatty acid. Table 3 shows the results of analysis by raw materials.

Fatty acid analysis of raw materials (% of total fatty acid) Brown fish meal A fish singer
Degradation protein Squid min Krill Concentrated soybean protein Fermented soybean paste Wheat gluten C14: 0 4.6 3.9 1.8 6.7 1.1 C16: 0 23.8 22.1 25.2 23.8 22.2 18.4 19.0 C16: 1 5.5 0.4 1.5 4.9 0.2 C18: 0 5.7 2.8 8.0 1.2 5.4 4.6 1.4 C18: 1n9 12.9 18.8 5.5 16.0 15.1 13.0 12.8 C18: 2n6 0.7 2.6 0.2 2.2 47.3 55.8 63.9 C18: 3n3 0.3 1.4 0.4 1.1 4.9 7.8 3.0 C20: 4n6 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.9 C20: 5n3 17.6 4.7 0.8 1.2 C22: 6n3 16.8 11.7 27.5 13.7

II . Example

1. Experimental Feed Composition and Manufacturing

The composition of the experimental diets is shown in Table 4, and the compound feed (EP) and wet feed (MP) were used. High - efficiency mixed diets (EP) were designed with reference to nutritional requirement of flounder mixed feed and practical compound feed effect test results. Fish protein, krill, squid powder, fermented soybean meal, concentrated soybean protein and conglutinin were used as protein source, and fish oil as a lipid source and wheat flour as a carbohydrate source.

High-efficiency mixed flour composition of flounder Experimental Section High efficiency feed Raw milk Brown fish meal (anchovy, Peru) 66.0 Fish hydrolyzate 5.0 Krill powder 1.0 Squid powder 1.0 Fermented soybean paste 2.0 Concentrated soybean protein 1.0 Wheat gluten 2.0 Wheat flour 16.0 Fish oil 3.0 Vitamins and minerals 0.5 Vit-C (stay-C) 0.1 Calcium monophosphate 0.5 Other additives ^* 1.9 Raw material 90 Powder feed 10 Nutrition Factor (%, building) Crude protein 54.6 54.0 Crude lipid 10.8 11.9 Views min 10.2 10.9

^* Emulsifier, taurine, beta glucan, enzyme, probiotic

In addition, vitamins and minerals, vitamin C, calcium monophosphate, emulsifiers, taurine, beta glucan, enzymes, and probiotics were used as feed additives. Mixed feed (EP) was extruded and extruded by using extruder (Buhler, Swiss) after mixing the raw materials, and the feed size was 3 ~ 15mm in diameter. In addition to EP experimental feed, wet feed (MP) was used as a control feed, and MP feeds were prepared by mixing 9: 1 ratio of raw feed such as frozen Mangari,

The experimental diets were designed to have the following characteristics. Brown fish meal, fish hydrolyzed protein and fermented soybean meal were used to increase the digestibility in the feed. In the diets, brown fish meal (anchovy, Peru), the main protein, was used after digestibility and breeding effects. In order to improve the quality of compound feeds, high protein content was added to increase the protein content in the feed from 52% to 54% and the content of carbohydrate, wheat flour, from 20% to 16%. In order to improve the palatability (ingestion rate) and immunity, squid meal and krill meal were added to the feed.

2. High-efficiency mixed flour effect test for flounder

2.1 Growth Survey

Experimental fish were preliminarily fed with mixed diet to adapt to the experimental environment from the aquaculture farms located in Wando, Jeonnam Province to the Gyeongbuk Feed Research Center. After the rearing, 8000 fishes were placed in 10 * 10m concrete tanks (8 fish), which were weighing 27.1 ± 0.05 g (mean ± SD).

Oxygen was supplied by air stone, and the amount of water in the breeding water was adjusted to 20 to 24 rotations a day. The average temperature during the rearing period was 17.2 ㅁ 2.9 ℃ depending on natural water temperature. Feeding was performed once or twice a day at 0.1 to 2.5% (based on building) of the fish body weight, and the breeding period was carried out for 16 months. At the beginning and the end of the breeding experiment, the fish body was fasted for 48 hours before measurement and then anesthetized with 100 ppm aqueous solution of MS-222, and the total weight of all the fishes housed in the water tank was measured. Survival rate, growth rate, daily growth rate, feed efficiency and daily feed intake were investigated at the end of experiment.

The highest water temperature was 22.5 ± 3.5 ℃ (12.0 ~ 26.0 ℃) in August, and the lowest water temperature was 10.2 ± 0.38 ℃ (9.5 ~ 10.3 ℃) in February ° C). In September and November, the water temperature was maintained in the range of 16 ~ 22 ℃ for the flounder growth. Between August and October, there was no red tide, but due to increased turbidity due to high waves, fast food due to high temperature, and fish diseases, the feeding rate was not enough, resulting in 20 ~ 25% of deaths.

The average initial body weight was 27 g, and after 16 months, the average body weight increased by more than 1 kg. The growth rate of EP was 3,671%, which was higher than that of MP (3,612%). The survival rate of EP was 80.5%, which was higher than that of MP (75.9%). The feed efficiency was better than that of MP (79.3%) (feed factor 1.26) in EP experimental group (88.1%) (feed factor 1.14). The low feed efficiency of the MP experimental group compared to the EP experimental group was already reported in the previous studies. This is because the amount of MP lost in water during feeding is higher than that of EP feed. There was no significant difference in obesity index in all experimental groups.

Test results of high efficiency mixed breeding stock of flounder EP Experimental Section MP Experimental Section first Total number of grains 8,000 8,000 Average weight (g) 27.0 27.2 Gross weight (kg) 216.0 217.5 final Total number of grains 6,437 6,068 Average weight (g) 1,009 1,018 Gross weight (kg) 6,554 6,124 Survival rate (%) 80.5 75.9 Growth Rate (%) ¹ 3671.3 3612.0 Daily Growth Rate (%) 0.74 0.73 Feed efficiency (%, building) ² 88.1 79.3 Feed Factor (Building) 1.14 1.26 Obesity 1.17 1.16 Daily feed intake rate (%) ³ 0.83 0.92

¹ (final weight - initial weight) × 100 / initial weight. ² Total gross weight x 100 / feed intake (building).

³ Total feed intake (building) × 100 / [(gross body weight of first fish + gross weight of final fish body + gross weight of dead fish) × days of raising / 2].

Based on the above results, EP showed excellent performance compared to growth and feed efficiency of MP diet in growing to the size of commodity. Recently, many studies on the performance of EP feeds have been reported, and these results suggest that EPs can change the stereotype of aquaculture farmers that they are inferior to MP. The EP, which was developed as a high - efficiency flounder, showed no significant difference in growth and survival rates compared with MP diet.

FEP2, which was developed as a high - quality compound feed, showed no difference in growth, feed efficiency and obesity compared to MP feed. In addition, FEP1 is also considered as an economical compound feed, which is comparable to that of MP feed, which will help reduce feed costs in the future.

2.2 Evaluation of meat quality

  2.2.1 General analysis

The crude protein (N ㅧ 6.25) was measured by the Auto Kjeldahl System (Bunchi B-324/435/124, Switzerland; Metrohm 8-719 / 806, Switzerland) ), Crude fat was extracted with ether, and the crude fat was measured after 4 hours of conversation at 550 ℃.

Table 6 shows the results of analysis of the general components of whole body and back muscles. The crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were not significantly different in EP compared to MP, but EP was significantly lower than MP. Moisture, crude protein and crude lipid in the back muscles did not show any significant difference in all feeding periods.

General analysis result of whole body and back muscles in field experiment of high efficiency flounder flounder ¹ (%) Feed compartment moisture Crude protein Crude lipid Ash Full body EP 70.4 ± 0.58 ^b 20.2 ± 0.21 3.0 ± 0.65 3.6 ± 0.30 MP 72.9 ± 0.72 ^a 20.0 ± 0.13 2.9 ± 0.83 3.6 ± 0.13 back muscles EP 74.4 ± 0.12 22.8 ± 0.34 0.6 ± 0.04 MP 75.8 ± 0.43 22.7 ± 0.02 0.7 ± 0.03

¹ mean ± standard error (n = 2), with different superscripts in the same row (P <0.05).

2.2.2 Fatty acid composition analysis

For the analysis of fatty acids, 4 g of chloroform: methanol mixed solvent (2: 1, v / v) was added to 3 g of the lyophilized and ground muscle of each animal, and the mixture was stirred with a homogenizer for 2 minutes. The resulting filtrate was placed in a flask and the solvent was removed by evaporator to extract lipids. The extracted lipid was added with 2 mL of 14% BF ₃ -methanol (Sigma Chemical Co., USA), heated at 85 ° C for 30 minutes, extracted with petroleum ether, and used as a fatty acid analysis sample.

GC analysis was performed using gas chromatography (HP6890, USA) with HP-INNOWax capillary column (30m x 0.32mm i.d., film thickness 0.5μm, Hewlett-Packard, USA) and carrier gas was helium. The injector and detector (FID) temperatures were set at 250 ° C and 270 ° C, respectively, and the oven temperature was increased from 170 ° C to 225 ° C by 1 ° C / min. Each fatty acid was identified by comparing the retention time with the standard fatty acid methyl ester mixture (Sigma Chemical Co., USA) under the same conditions. The content of each fatty acid was expressed as a relative percentage of each peak area.

Table 7 shows the fatty acid composition of the whole body and back muscles of the flounder fed with compound feed and wet feed. The content of palmitic acid (16: 0) was the highest in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and the content of oleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid) in unsaturated fatty acid 18: 1) and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6) were the most abundant. Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid, which has a beneficial effect on adult diseases such as arteriosclerosis by lowering blood triglyceride and cholesterol in a large amount of intake, and it is reported that a high content of oleic acid in food taste improves the taste of food .

In this experiment, oleic acid content of back muscles was not found to be significantly different from each other. The major fatty acids in muscle such as flounder were palmitic acid, oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. There was no difference in the fatty acid compositions of the muscles such as flounder according to the feeding of feed and wet feed. Overall, the content of monounsaurated fatty acid (MUFA) in flounder muscles was significantly lower than that of SFA and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was significantly higher. From the above results, it was found that there was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition of the flounder meat fed the mixed feed and wet feed during the breeding period.

Fodder efficiency halibut whole body and muscle fatty acid analysis results of the field test ¹ (%) Fatty acid Full body back muscles EP Experimental Section MP Experimental Section EP Experimental Section MP Experimental Section 14: 0 2.95 ^ns 3.21 0.96 ^ns 1.12 15: 0 0.35 0.42 0.25 0.31 16: 0 15.45 14.62 22.08 24.55 17: 0 0.80 0.92 0.54 0.75 18: 0 2.48 2.94 5.42 6.18 SFA ¹ 22.76 22.68 29.34 32.83 16: 1n-7 5.50 6.42 1.63 1.40 17: 1n 0.44 0.44 0.28 0.31 18: 1n-7 2.70 2.30 1.62 2.03 18: 1n-9 13.78 ^b 17.10 ^a 7.69 8.26 20: 1n-9 2.88 3.58 1.30 1.20 22: 1n-9 0.40 0.35 0.05 0.06 24: 1n-9 0.23 0.16 0.00 0.00 MUFA ¹ 25.93 30.35 12.54 13.26 18: 2n-6 6.49 5.82 4.23 ^a 2.14 ^b 18: 3n-6 0.43 0.46 0.34 0.30 18: 3n-3 0.78 0.95 0.22 0.28 18: 4n-3 0.71 0.93 0.15 0.12 20: 2n-6 0.46 0.44 0.40 0.20 20: 3n-6 0.54 0.63 0.15 0.12 20: 4n-6 1.32 1.30 1.72 2.27 20: 3n-3 0.60 0.72 0.34 0.21 20: 5n-3 7.91 8.99 4.40 5.27 22: 2n-6 0.38 0.41 0.17 0.11 22: 4n-6 0.38 0.34 0.52 0.19 22: 3n-3 0.87 0.56 2.03 1.19 22: 5n-3 3.78 3.23 4.54 ^a 2.04 ^b 22: 6n-3 25.03 ^a 20.30 ^b 38.90 39.47 PUFA ² 49.71 ^a 45.08 ^b 58.11 ^a 53.73 ^b

¹ SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid

² PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid

2.2.3. Analysis of constituent amino acid components

For the analysis of constituent amino acids, 0.5 g of each sample was precisely lyophilized and dried in a test oven. After adding 15 mL of 6N-HCl, the mixture was sealed under reduced pressure, and dried in a dry oven at 110 ° C for more than 24 hours. Lt; / RTI &gt; The filtrate was filtered through a glass filter, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at 55 ° C to completely evaporate hydrochloric acid and water. The concentrated sample was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter using a 25 mL constant volume flask with sodium citrate buffer (pH 2.20) One sample solution was analyzed using an amino acid automatic analyzer (Biochrom 30, Biochrom Ltd., England) under the following conditions.

Cation separation column (Oxidized Feedstuff Column, 4.6 mm × 200 mm) was used and 0.2M sodium citrate buffer (pH 3.20, 4.25), 1.2M sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.45) and 0.4M sodium hydroxide solution were used as the mobile phase. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.42 mL / min, the flow rate of the ninhydrin solution was 0.33 mL / min, the column temperature was 48-95 ° C, and the reaction temperature was 135 ° C.

Table 8 shows the compositional amino acid composition of the flounder and dorsal muscle fed with compound feed and wet feed. In general, amino acids such as threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine and arginine, glutamic acid, threonine, serine, glycine and alanine, , cystine) and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine).

The content of lysine was the highest among essential amino acids of flounder fish muscle and back muscle, and aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and lysine were the major constituent amino acids. The contents of threonine, serine and glycine, which are the sweetest amino acids in flounder muscle, were somewhat higher than those of MP.

From the above results, there was no difference in the amino acid content of the whole body of the female body and back muscles according to the feeding of the feed and wet feed.

Results of amino acid analysis of whole body and back muscles of mixed flounder flounder ¹ (% to total amino acid) Amino acid Full body back muscles EP Experimental Section MP Experimental Section EP Experimental Section MP Experimental Section Aspartic acid 10.04 9.60 10.52 10.52 Threonine 4.60 4.48 4.76 4.78 Serine 4.37 4.30 4.24 4.15 Glutamic acid 15.09 14.75 15.89 16.15 Proline 0.97 2.57 1.10 1.03 Glycine 6.95 8.24 4.53 4.30 Alanine 6.49 6.72 5.89 5.80 Cystine 0.72 0.52 0.44 0.33 Valine 5.26 5.00 5.45 5.54 Methionine 2.70 2.74 3.11 3.05 Isoleucine 4.53 4.10 4.86 4.98 Leucine 7.81 7.47 8.46 8.50 Tyrosine 3.32 3.17 3.65 3.62 Phenylalanine 4.01 3.90 4.16 4.23 Histidine 2.46 2.32 2.50 2.52 Lysine 9.37 8.88 10.05 10.08 Arginine 6.24 6.43 6.05 5.99

2.2.4 Property evaluation

The back muscles of each flounder were wrapped in a foil with a width of 0.5 mm, wrapped in foil, and placed on ice for about one hour. Flexibility, cohesiveness, chewiness, fracture, hardness, strength, adhesiveness and strength were measured using a Rheometer (COMPAC-100, Sun Scientific Co., Japan). Measurements were made with plunger diameter 10 mm, load cell 2 kg (No 25, ㆈ 15) and table speed 120 mm / min.

Results EP Experimental Section MP Experimental Section Resilience (%) 70.5 ± 2.96 ^b 78.2 ± 5.35 ^a Cohesiveness (%) 39.7 ± 0.38 41.8 ± 7.58 Chewing gum (g) 522 ± 29.7 488 ± 43.9 Cracking (g) 36851 ± 6225 35699 ± 3974 Hardness (g / cm ² ) 2309 ± 88.4 2179 ± 195.4 Strength (g / cm ² ) 18694 + - 87.7 1795 ± 149.8 Adhesion (g) 40.3 ± 22.21 26.0 + - 12.46

¹ mean ± standard error (n = 2), with different superscripts in the same row (P <0.05).

Table 9 shows the results of evaluating the physical properties of muscles such as flounder. EP showed significantly lower elasticity than MP, but no significant difference in cohesiveness, chewiness, cracking, hardness, strength and adhesion. There was no close correlation between overall acceptability and muscle hardness in the evaluation of physical properties of compound feed and wet feed.

As a result of the evaluation of meat quality, it was clear that the quality of flounder fed with compound feed was never lower than that of live flounder. Furthermore, in the case of cultured flounder fed with compound feed, it is expected that the quality of meat will be further improved by developing high quality and functional feed such as adding various functional materials to the feed and systematically managing it.

Therefore, by providing such accurate information to the public, it is possible to escape the stereotypes of misplaced wild fish, mixed fish, compound feed and raw fish, and raise awareness of marine fish.

The EP, which was developed as a high - quality compound feed, showed no difference in growth, feed efficiency and obesity compared with MP feed. Compared with the MP diet, the results of this study are expected to be useful for reducing feed costs in the future.

Claims (5)

1% by weight of corn flour, 2% by weight of fermented soybean meal, 1% by weight of concentrated soybean protein, 2% by weight of wheat gluten, 16% by weight of wheat flour, (EP) composition for replacement of flounder poultry (MP), which is composed of 3% by weight of fish oil, 3% by weight of inorganic substance and 3%
The method of claim 1, wherein the brown fish meal is anchovy. The inorganic substance and the additive are 0.5% by weight of a vitamin / mineral mixture, 0.1% by weight of Vit-C (stay-C), 0.5% by weight of calcium monophosphate, (EP) composition for replacement of flounder poultry (MP)
The EP feed composition for replacing flounder poultry (MP) according to claim 2, wherein the other additives are at least one selected from the group consisting of emulsifiers, taurine, beta-glucan, enzymes,
The method according to claim 1, wherein the fish hydrolyzed protein is selected from the group consisting of fish meal, hydrolyzed protein, fish meal, EP feed composition
The method of claim 1, wherein the krill mill is obtained by pretreating the crushed krill by enzymatic hydrolysis and antioxidative treatment, freezing it by thawing and crushing it, then cooking by indirect heat transfer method, (EP) composition for replacement of flounder poultry (MP), characterized in that the composition is dried by a heat transfer method and pulverized to produce a krill powder

Images