KR100777253B1 - Anthelmintic composition for fish parasite using natural plant extracts - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the control of parasitic diseases occurring during fish farming by developing a substance having an insecticidal effect as a raw material of plant natural material, and more particularly, an insecticidal ( Azadirachta indica ), thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ) or By using the extract of lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) to grafting it to the aquaculture industry, the present invention relates to a method for treating parasitic infections.

According to the present invention, it is possible to solve the limitations and side effects of fish parasite control caused by the use of conventional chemicals used for fish parasite infection, and has an excellent effect on the control of fish parasites without affecting the cultured fish itself. In addition, it has the effect of promoting rapid recovery by promoting the biological activity of fish.

Fish, parasites, repellent

Description

{Anthelmintic composition for fish parasite using natural plant extracts}

1 is a graph showing the parasite control rate according to the treatment of the natural extract of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a graph showing the survival rate of fish infected with Scotchka after treatment with natural extract of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a parasitic fish disease treatment agent that occurs during fish farming using natural plant extracts, and more specifically, using aquatic extracts such as Azadirachta indica , thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ) and lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) The present invention relates to an insect repellent composition having a therapeutic effect on parasitic diseases of fish.

In general, fish farming refers to the production of large quantities of fish under artificial control, with high density of fish within a limited area. Recently, due to the serious environmental pollution of coastal areas, fish diseases are widespread. The development of parasitic diseases of fish, in particular, is one of the big challenges in the aquaculture industry. Common parasitic diseases of fish include Scotchika infection, Whiteworm infection, Trichodina infection, Body surface and Gill fluke infection.

In particular, one of the parasitic diseases of fish is Squachika insect disease, which is a fish disease in which ciliary insects, Schiochika parasites, parasitize the surface of the fish, destroy not only epidermal cells but also dermal cells, and even penetrate the brain along the blood vessels of the fish and kill them. to be. The damage caused by Whiteworm Infectious Disease is also expanding, and parasitic in body surface and gills weakens the fish and causes mass mortality. In addition, Trichodina larvae are parasitic in gills, weakening the body and causing shortness of breath, causing death. Insects are parasites that paralyze the body surface and gills of fish while weakening the body, reducing the defense against invading pathogenic bacteria and causing death.

Conventionally, in order to control the parasitic diseases of the fish, the chemicals of harmful ingredients such as formalin and hydrogen peroxide were sprayed at a certain concentration in the breeding tank where the fish are raised, but the parasites were to be removed. Sukuchika insects, which penetrated the dermis, are not exterminated, but rather cause damage to fish's body surface and gills and cause more extensive mass mortality. In the case of gill insects, it is known that spraying with formalin or hydrogen peroxide does not control the adult, so that the original treatment is impossible.

In addition, in order to suppress the use of chemicals harmful to the human body and to stably treat fish infected with Scotchka insects, farmed fishermen spray wood vinegar, which is known to have bactericidal and antiparasitic effects, and to combat red tide when red tide occurs. In order to control fish parasites, fine stone powder is used for the same principle as ocher that sprays fine particles of ocher powder to the sea to attach and combat red tide organisms. However, these products may have a temporary effect on fish parasite control, but they are insufficient for the underlying treatment of fish parasitic infections. Rather, the spraying of stone powder is adsorbed with other suspended substances due to the remaining of extra powder in the breeding tank. It is also a breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the economic evaluation also increases the cost of treating fish farming diseases, resulting in cost loss.

Thus, the present inventors have made a thorough research to overcome the problems of the prior art, confirming that the use of natural plant extracts can effectively control fish parasites without affecting the cultured fish itself, and completed the present invention Was done.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the limitations and side effects of fish parasite control caused by the use of a chemical agent used in conventional fish parasite infections, natural substances that can effectively control fish parasites without affecting the cultured fish itself It is to provide a composition for parasite repellent fish using.

According to one aspect of the invention, the present invention is a fish parasite repellent composition comprising at least one plant extract selected from the group consisting of Nim ( Azadirachta indica ), thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ) and lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) as an active ingredient To provide.

In the parasitic insecticidal composition of the present invention, the plant extract may be extracted by any extraction method of a conventionally known natural plant, but is preferably an organic solvent extract such as ethanol or a plant essential oil extracted by, for example, steam distillation. It is characterized by.

In the parasitic insecticidal composition of the present invention, the fish parasite may be any parasite parasitic to the fish, but preferably the squeegee has an insect repellency against a worm, a tricotina worm or an gill insect.

In the parasitic insecticidal composition of the present invention, preferably 50-70% by weight of the extract of Azadirachta indica , 10-30% by weight of the thymus vulgaris extract, and lemongrass ( Cymbopogon ) based on the total weight of the three mixtures. citratus ) is characterized in that it contains 10-30% by weight of the extract. Within the numerical range, not only are excellent control effects against various fish parasites, but also high economic value added according to cost.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The present inventors screened natural plants having an insecticidal activity against fish parasites so that Azadirachta indica , Thymus vulgaris , and lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) had excellent insect repellent effects on fish parasites. Confirmed.

Neem (Neem or Nib, Azadirachta indica ) has been used in India to treat diseases of soil, plants and livestock since ancient times. The seed was squeezed out and fed better livestock to the livestock to fertilize the soil, which was used as an insect repellent. In addition, several components from this tree were used for therapeutic purposes. In particular, azadirachtin, a secondary plant compound of nim trees, has been successfully used for comprehensive control of pests in tropical and temperate regions.

Thyme or Timo ( Thymus vulgaris ) is a perennial plant native to Europe and the Mediterranean coast, also known as musk, and has a long history as a spice and medicinal plant. However, it is unfamiliar to us because it is unfamiliar, but as it is a spice widely used in Western cuisine, the fragrance is well known. Thymus's scientific name is said to be derived from the Greek thuo, that is, "to be disinfected". The plant contains a disinfectant essential oil called "Thymol", which the ancient Greeks and Romans used as a flavoring agent to flavor alcohol and cheese in addition to medicinal herbs, and as a preservative because of its antiseptic power. In ancient Greece, it was widely used as a bathing material.Thymus, which is believed to help the elderly rejuvenate by clearing the skin and calming nerves, was regarded as courage, and used as a symbol of courage, activity, and behavior.

Lemongrass (Semon, or Sera, Cymbopogon citratus ) is a fragrant perennial herb, mainly in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Central Africa, and India. Lemongrass has a lemon scent when it is torn and rubbed with a finger. Cymbopogon is a combination of the Greek word cymbo, meaning "empty," and the word "beard," pogon. It is named because the stem is hollow and the leaves are thin and long like beards. citratus means 'lemon-like'. Lemongrass is a favorite plant of Indians and is known as Melissa oil in India. The main ingredient of the fragrance is 'citral', like lemon, containing about 70-80% of essential oils. It has been used mainly to lower fever and treat various infectious diseases.

In the insecticidal composition of the present invention, the plant extract may be extracted using any extraction method well known in conventional extraction of natural products, for example, organic solvent extraction or steam distillation. The organic solvent may be used, such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, ethanol, methanol, low alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol. In the case of steam distillation extraction, the natural plant is shortly cut and placed in an extractor, the water is heated to extract the active ingredient of the plant by distilled steam, and the extracted extract is collected to obtain an oil layer and water according to specific gravity. Plant water can be prepared by separating the water layer.

In the insecticidal composition of the present invention, the plant extract contains not only a crude extract but also all extracts, fractions and purified products obtained at each step of subsequent fractionation and purification treatment, and any one of diluents and concentrates thereof or dried products thereof. It is interpreted as.

Insecticidal compositions of the present invention may be formulated in the form of liquids, powders, granules or tablets by conventional methods known in the art. Moreover, in order to make storage and handling easy, you may add the carrier used for normal formulation, such as dextrin and cyclodextrin, and other arbitrary preparations.

The insecticidal composition of the present invention may be directly sprayed on a fish farm or added to feed. In the case of administration in addition to feed, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 10% by weight per gross weight of the final product. When the plant extract is used below the content, the antiparasitic effect is weak. When the plant extract is used above the content, the cost is high and the unique taste of the plant extract reduces the usability of the product.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. Since these examples are only for illustrating the present invention, the scope of the present invention is not to be construed as being limited by these examples.

Example 1: Preparation of Plant Extract

Nim extract of the plant extract of the present invention was immersed in ethanol with a purity of 70-80% corresponding to 2 to 4 times after cutting Nim, stirred under a constant temperature and stirring conditions, and then filtered to obtain an extract. The thyme extract and lemongrass extract are briefly cut thyme or lemongrass and put into an extractor, and the water is heated to extract the active ingredient of the plant by distilled water vapor, and the extracted extract is collected and the oil layer and Plant essential oils were prepared by separating the water layer.

The main components of the natural substances of the present invention (Azadirachta indica), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extract is shown in Table 1.

Kinds main ingredient Nim ( Azadirachta indica ) azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbiol, salannin Thymus vulgaris thymol, carvacrol, linalool, geraniol Lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) citral, nerol, limonene, linalool and β-caryphyllene

In addition, the main action of the main components of the extract is shown in Table 2.

Kinds Main action Nim ( Azadirachta indica ) ▶ azadirachtin-anthelmintic, repellent, antihormonal ▶ nimbin-antiinflammatory, antihistamine, antifungal, ▶ nimbidol-antitubercular, antiprotozoan (antibiotic), antipyretic (antipyretic) Thymus vulgaris ▶ thymol-destroy of mold, antiseptic, anthelmintic ▶ carvacrol-disinfectant, anthemintic, Lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) Citral-participation in synthesis of vitamine A, antiviral, antibacterial, germicidal

As shown in Table 2, the main components of the natural substance extracts are composed of substances that exhibit antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity, and unlike general chemicals, by promoting the physiological function of fish, a wide range of body surface appearing after parasitic infection symptoms. It is formulated to have a rapid therapeutic effect of skin ulcers and ulcers.

Example 2: Insect Repellent Test for Fish Parasites

Nim, thyme and lemongrass extract prepared in Example 1 was emulsified to dissolve in water, and then the fish infected with the parasites were housed in a constant capacity tank (ten 10,000 in an 8m square tank). The degree of parasite infection was measured by the number of parasite infections under the optical microscope before acceptance, and the insecticidal effect was measured in comparison with the control group under an optical microscope after the natural material was sprayed at a concentration of 20 ppm.

The control rates of fish parasites according to the treatment of natural substances of the present invention (Azadirachta indica), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extract are shown in Table 3 and FIG. All three plant extracts showed a remedy effect on fish parasites, but when treated with Niza (Azadirachta indica) extract, relatively high remedies were obtained. In the case of a mixture of thyme and lemongrass extract, only a side effect of maintaining a single effect appeared, but synergistic extract (60%), thyme extract (20%) and lemongrass extract (20%) When treated with fish parasitic diseases by bathing method, a synergistic highest relief rate was achieved.

Kinds Fish parasites Remarks Scoochika Chung Tricordina Chung Gill Fluke sir 85% 80% 60% 1-2 hours treatment with a 3-day bath time 60% 70% 20% Lemongrass 50% 75% 35% Nim + Time 70% 80% 40% Nim + Lemongrass 75% 75% 30% Time + Lemongrass 50% 70% 20% Nim + Time + Lemongrass 95% 90% 70%

Example 3: Survival test of parasitic infected fish

The mixture of Nim, thyme and lemongrass extracts in Example 2 was emulsified to dissolve in water, and then the fish infected with the parasites (Sukuchika worms) were housed in a constant volume tank (capacity of 10,000 in an 8m square tank). . The degree of parasite infection was measured by the number of parasite infections under the optical microscope before acceptance, and the insecticidal effect was measured in comparison with the control group under an optical microscope after the natural material was sprayed at a concentration of 20 ppm. Afterwards, the survival rate was determined by counting the number of deaths in the tanks accommodated daily for three weeks. In Table 4, the survival rate of fish treated with fish parasitic diseases and the group treated with formalin and hydrogen peroxide were examined as a control group to investigate the effect on the survival rate of fish when treated with natural materials. The survival rate of the natural substance treated group was higher than that of the control group treated with the conventional chemicals, and it was observed that there was no death caused by the natural substance, indicating that the natural substance had no toxicity to the fish body.

Time after natural material treatment 1 day 3 days 1 week 3 weeks Control 80% 75% 50% 30% Natural substance treatment group 80% 75% 73% 70%

As described above, the present invention has been found to have an excellent effect of extracting natural substances as a parasitic disease treatment of fish. This invention is expected to replace the chemicals used in the fish farming industry as a treatment for parasitic diseases in the fish farming industry, and has been shown to have high economic added value. In addition, as an eco-friendly treatment for fish disease, it is possible to suggest a way of eliminating the problems caused by the accumulation of harmful chemicals in the fish, as well as the public who consumes fish as food.

Claims (4)

Nim ( Azadirachta indica ), thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ) and lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) A composition for fish parasite repellent comprising at least one plant extract selected from the group consisting of active ingredients. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant extract is a lower alcohol extract or plant essential oil of 1 to 4 carbon atoms composition for parasite repellent fish. According to claim 1, wherein the fish parasites are parasitic insects, Tricotina worms or gill insects, the composition for fish parasites repellent, characterized in that. According to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 50-70% by weight of the extract of Azadirachta indica , 10-30% by weight of Thymus vulgaris extract and 10-30% by weight of lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) extract. Fish parasite repellent composition.

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