KR0166138B1 - 경화 플라스틱의 초음파 용접법 - Google Patents

경화 플라스틱의 초음파 용접법 Download PDF

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Publication number
KR0166138B1
KR0166138B1 KR1019950001368A KR19950001368A KR0166138B1 KR 0166138 B1 KR0166138 B1 KR 0166138B1 KR 1019950001368 A KR1019950001368 A KR 1019950001368A KR 19950001368 A KR19950001368 A KR 19950001368A KR 0166138 B1 KR0166138 B1 KR 0166138B1
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
plastic
welding
weld joint
weld
joint
Prior art date
Application number
KR1019950001368A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
KR950031469A (ko
Inventor
티이. 구직 안드레주
디. 헌트 스테펜
Original Assignee
다니엘 케이. 니콜즈
모토로라 인코포레이티드
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Publication of KR950031469A publication Critical patent/KR950031469A/ko
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Publication of KR0166138B1 publication Critical patent/KR0166138B1/ko

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8215—Tensile tests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12441—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being a single wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/322—Providing cavities in the joined article to collect the burr
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/341—Measures for intermixing the material of the joint interlayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115—Melting point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73771—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous
    • B29C66/73772—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being amorphous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B29C66/73774—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B29L2009/005—Layered products coated
    • B29L2009/008—Layered products coated metalized, galvanized
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1043—Subsequent to assembly

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

두 플라스틱 부품을 함께 초음파 용접하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 한 부품(30)은 금속코팅층(27)으로 피복된 용접 접합부(23)를 가지고 다른 플라스틱 부품(25)은 보조 용접 접합부를 가진다. 두 부품은 두 용접 접합부를 서로 초음파 용접함으로써 함께 접합한다. 힘(40)은 용접 단계전 제1 및 2 플라스틱 부품에 적용된다. 힘이 두 용접 접합부를 서로 접촉시키는데 필요한 힘보다 대부분 초과한다. 이 방법은 초음파 용접된 금속피복 플라스틱 조립체를 만든다. 조립체의 각 부품은 용접 접합부를 가지며, 그것중 하나 이상은 용접전에 금속층으로 피복된다. 두 용접 접합부의 각각의 부분은 금속코팅층을 통해 플라스틱 용접 접합을 형성하도록 변형된다.

Description

금속피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
제1도는 본 발명에 따른 초음파 용접법을 나타내는 개략도.
제2도는 본 발명에 따른 용접된후의 두 금속피복 플라스틱의 단면도.
제3도는 용접접합의 효과를 결정하는데 사용된 테스트 절차의 설명도.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명
12 : 진동 15 : 부스터
20 : 혼 22 : 진동
23 : 뾰족한 부분 25 : 플라스틱 부품
27 : 금속코팅층 30 : 플라스틱 부품
35 : 고정체 38 : 금속피복 플라스틱 조립체
[기술분야]
본 발명은 일반적으로 두부품을 결합하는 방법, 특히, 플라스틱 부품의 초음파 용접법에 관한 것이다.
[배경]
초음파 용접은 에너지의 정확한 적용을 허용하여 플라스틱 조립체의 소정의 부분을 선택적으로 용용 또는 용접할 수 있게 한다. 초음파 조립체는 대부분의 열가소성 물질에 적합하며, 열가소성 부품을 자동차, 포장, 전지 및 소비산업에 용접하는데 널리 사용된다. 실제로, 고주파(초음파) 기계진동은 초음파 용접기에 의해 상대 플라스틱 부품에 전달된다. 두부품의 접합부 또는 인터페이스에서, 적용힘과 표면의 조합 또는 분자간 마찰은 열가소성 수지의 용점에 도달할때까지 온도를 증시킨다. 그리고나서 초음파 에너지가 제거되고 분자결합 또는 용접이 두 플라스틱 부품사이에서 이루어진다.
초음파 용접 시스템은 일반적으로 고주파 전원(대개 20- 40kHz)을 포함한다.
고주파 에너지는 통상 티타늄, 알루미늄 또 경화강으로된 바(bar) 또는 금속부인, 인가 주파수에 내재 하도록 치수 형성된 혼(horn)으로 안내된다. 혼은 공작물과 접촉하고 그 안으로 기계진동을 전달한다. 고정체 또는 네스트(nest)는 용접될 두부품을 지지 및 정렬한다. 이것은 일반적으로 알루미늄 또는 강으로 만들어지고, 때때로 탄성이 있는 주조우레탄 또는 다른 재료로 라이닝된다.
적합한 접합 설계는 최적의 용접 결과를 가져오는데 필수적이다. 재료의 종류, 부품 형상과 같은 요소와 용접 접합의 요구 조건은 설계를 결정하는데 고려되어야 한다. 접합부는 작고 균일한 초기 접촉 영역과 초음파 에너지를 급속한 국부적 에너지 분산을 위해 농축하는 약간의 정렬 수단을 가져야 한다. 가장 공통적으로 사용된 설계인 에너지 디렉터(energy director)는 용접될 부품면상에 있는 소형 3각 비드(bead)로 이루어진다. 용접의 한 형태에서, 전단 또는 간섭 접합(sheer or interference joing)은 고강도 밀봉시일을 얻는데 사용된다. 용접동안, 간섭용융 및 끼워넣음과 함께 전단형태(in the sheer mode)로 용접이 발생된다.
많은 형태의 열가소성 폴리머는 용접될 수 있다. 폴리스티렌(polystyrene), 아크릴로니트릴-부타티엔-스티렌(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)), 폴리카보네이트(polycarbonate)등과 같은 무정질 수지는 매우 효과가 있는 에너지이고 일반적으로 초음파 용접에 적합하다. 이들은 무질서 분자 배열(random molecular arrangement)과 폭넓은 연화 온도 범위(broad softening temperature range)를 특징으로 한다. 이것은 재료가 미리 응고되지 않고 쉽게 유동하도록 허용한다. 보다 높은 레벨의 결정성을 가지는 수지는 높은 질서 분자구조(highly- ordered molecular structure)이기 때문에 보다 높은 초음파 에너지 레벨을 요구한다. 일부 다른 수지는 그 유리 전이 온도[보통 약 4.4℃(40°F)내]가 유사하다면 용접될 수 있다. 그리고, 이들은 다소 유사한 분자 구조를 가진다. 전형적인 예는 ABS-대-아크릴릭(ABS-to-acrylic), 폴리카보네이트-대-아크릴릭(polycarbonate-to-acrylic)및 폴리스티렌-대-폴리페닐렌 옥사이드(polystyrene-to-polyphenyleneoxide)이다.
습기내용물, 필러(fillers)와 성형이형제와 같은 많은 다른 요소는 초음파 용접 열가소성 재료의 성능에 영향을 준다. 전형적으로 최적의 용접은 플라스틱 부품이 용접전에 건조되는 것을 요구한다. 필러는 충전량의 레벨이 30-35%일때 초음파 용접을 방해하는 것으로 알려져있다. 이들 레벨 위에서, 접합영역이 불충분한 용용 재료를 포함하기 때문에 강력한 용접이 보장될 수 없다. 또한, 유리와 미넬랄과 같은 필러는 마모될 수 있으며 혼을 35% 이상의 레벨로 마모시킨다. 성형이형제는 재료의 마찰계수를 낮추고 용접에 악영향을 준다. 용접표면은 용접전에 표면 오염물을 제거하기 위해 적합한 클리너로 세척되어야 한다.
초음파 용접의 종래기술의 지식은 항상 용접될 접합부가 완전히 세척되어야 하고 다른 물질이 없어야 한다는 것을 지적하고 있다. 이 이유로는, 플라스틱 부품위에 금속도금을 가지는 플라스틱 부품을 용접 하는 것이 곤란하고 비경제적이기 때문이다. 용접접합의 영역내의 금속도금은 양호한 용접을 보장하기 위해 제거되어야 한다. 이것은 피복된 RF 하우징과 같은 것에 사용된 도금된 플라스틱 부품은 용접전에 도금을 선택적으로 마스크 오프(masked off)또는 제거하는 것이 요구된다. 명백하게, 종래의 기술에서 완전히 도금된 플라스틱 부품을 용접할 수 있는 양호한 개선책이 있으면 바람직하다.
[발명의 요약]
간단히, 본 발명에 따라서, 두 플라스틱 부품을 함께 초음파 용접하기 위한 방법이 제공된다. 한 부품은 금속층으로 피복된 용접 접합부를 가지고, 다른 플라스틱 부품은 보조적인 용접 접합부를 가진다. 두부품은 두 용접 접합부를 서로 초음파 용접함으로써 함께 접합된다.
본 발명의 한 실시예에서, 접합단계전에 힘이 제1 및 제2 플라스틱 부품에 적용된다. 이 힘은 두 용접 접합부를 서로 접촉하는데 필요한것보다 대부분 초과한다.
본 발명의 다른 실시예에서, 초음파 용접된 금속피복 플라스틱 조립체는 용접 접합부를 각각 가지는 두 플라스틱 부품을 포함한다. 용접 접합부의 적어도 하나는 용접전에 금속층으로 피복되어 있다. 두 용접 접합부의 각각의 부분은 변형되어 두 용접 접합부 사이에 용접 접합을 형성한다.
[양호한 실시예의 상세한 설명]
본 명세서는 신규로서 간주되는 본 발명의 특징을 정의 하는 청구의 범위를 포함하며, 본 발명은 도면부호가 부기된 도면을 참조하여 하기의 설명으로부터 보다 더 잘 이해될 것이다.
제1도를 참조하면, 초음파 용접은 편의상 다음과 같이 수행된다. 60Hz 교류 전류(Ac)라인 전력은 고(초음파) 주파수(20-40KHz) AC 전력으로 변형되고, 그리고나서 압전 변환기(piezoelectric transducer)를 통해 유사한 초음파 주파수의 기계적 진동으로 변환된다. 이들 변형은 발전기/변환기(10)로 통상 언급되는 초음파 용접기의 부분내에서 발생한다. 기계적 진동(12)은 부스터(booster, 15)와 용접혼(weld horn, 20)을 통해 접합될 플라스틱 부품(25, 30)에 전달된다. 이들 조립체를 집합적으로 적층제(stack)로 부르기로 한다. 부스터(15)와 혼(20)의 형상은 적층체 내에서 발생하는 진동 진폭도를 한정하므로써, 플라스틱 부품(25, 30)에 적용된 진동(22)을 한정한다. 진동의 진폭은 이용가능한 초음파 에너지의 량을 크게 한정한다. 용접혼(20)은 제1 플라스틱 부품(25)과 짝을 이루도록 종래방식대로 설계된다. 제2 플라스틱 부품(30)은 종래방식대로 설계된 고정체(35)에 의해 제한되며, 이 공정체는 제2 플라스틱 부품의 변형을 방지하는 작용을 한다. 기계적진동(22)은 분자간 진동을 일으키므로, 플라스틱(25, 30)내에 마찰 열을 발생시킨다. 적합한 용접 접합부 설계를 통하여, 상호분자 마찰은 국부적으로 최대화되어 플라스틱 부품의 일부를 선택적으로 용융함으로서 이들을 함께 용접할 수 있다. 전체 공정은 제1플라스틱 부품(25)이 제2플라스틱 부품(30)에 접촉되는 방향으로 가해진 기계적인 힘의 적용하에서 이루어지며, 이들의 본질적인 접촉을 보장한다. 이 힘은 두 단계, 즉, 트리거 력(trigger force)으로 불리는 초음파 진동(22)의 적용전의 한단계와, 용접력으로 불리는 초음파 진동(22)의 적용동안의 단계로 이루어진다. 트,리거 력은 대부분 두 용접 접합부를 서로 접촉 하는데 필요한 힘을 초과함으로서, 전체 용접 인터페이스를 따라 동시 용융을 시작하게 된다. 이 힘이 가해지면, 초음파 에너지가 도입되기 시작한다. 트리거 력과 반드시 동일하지 않은 용접력은 대부분 두부품아 접합될때의 속도를 규정한다.
본 발명의 한 실시예에 있어서, 제1 및 제2 플라스틱 부품(25, 30)은 사출 성형 시편으로 이루져있다. 이들 tlvusdems 변형된 I 비임으로 언급되고, 하나 이상의 플라스틱 부품의 하나 이상의 영역에 뾰족한 부분(23)을 가지는 점에서 American Welding Society G-1 Subcommittee on the Joining of plastics and Composites 에 의해 개발된 표준 시편과 명백히 다르다. 제1 및 제2 플라스틱 부품은 폴리카보네이트와 열가소성 재료로부터 사출 성형되어, 무전해 도금공정(electroless plating process)을 통해 구리 및 니켈로 이루어진 금속코팅층(27)으로 피복된다. 구리의 도금 두께는 약1㎛두께가 되도록 측정된다. 니켈의 도금 두께는 약0.25㎛두께가 되도록 측정된다. 0.1㎛내지 5㎛범위의 금속코팅이 유용한 것으로 알려져 있으며, 정확한 두께는 선택된 금속과 설계 요구조건의 함수이다. 그러나, 코팅은 너무 심하게 형성되지 않아야 하고, 또는 너무 강하지 않아야 한다. 너무 강하면 용접력에 의해 극복될 수 없으므로, 양호한 용접 접합부를 성취할 수 없다. 플라스틱 부품을 도금하는 다른 동등한 수단은 역시 성공적으로 사용될 수 있다. 이들은 진공 증착 코팅(스퍼터링, 진공증착), 전해도금, 프레임스프레잉, 경화페인트의 코팅 등이다. 추가로, 알루미늄, 크롬, 주석 또는 티타늄과 같은 다른 재료도 사용될 수 있다. 종래 기술과 대조적으로, 금속코팅층(27)은 전체부품에 걸쳐 형성되고 용접접합부내에 선택적으로 제거되거나 마스크되지 않는다. 용접전에, 제1플라스틱 부품(25)은 도시한 바와 같이 제2플라스틱 부품(30)에 대해 방향 설정된다. 적합한 고정체(35)는 두 플라스틱 부품의 보조 용접접합부가 적합하게 정렬되도록 하는데 사용된다. 이 실시예에서, 제2 플라스틱 부품(30)은 뾰족한 부분(23)을 가지는 용접 접합부를 포함한다. 용접 접합부의 형상은 또한 두 플라스틱 부품 사이를 반대로 할 수 있다. 뾰족한 부분(23)은 용공정 동안 금속 코팅내의 위크 스포트(weak spot)를 발생하는데 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 위크 스포트는 플라스틱을 더욱 쉽게 유동시켜 다른 플라스틱 부품에 강한 용접을 형성하도록 함으로써 용접공정을 돕는다.
245N 의 트리거력이 제1플라스틱 부품에 적용된다. 진동의 진폭으니ㅏ 60㎛이고 용접력은 267N으로 설정된다. 부품들은 초음파 에너지의 중지후 선택된 용접력의 적용하에서 0.5초 동안 함께 유지된다. 이들 공정 조건의 적용은 두 플라스틱 부품내의 보조 용접-접합부를 폴리카보네이트의 융점 이상으로 국부적으로 가열하도록 허용한다. 용융 플라스틱은 변형되고 그리고나서 초음파 에너지의 제거후 용접 접합부로 재응고된다. 제2도를 참고하면, 용접후, 금속코팅층(27)은 찌그러지고 두 플라스틱 부품이 함께 유동하도록 용접 접합 전체에 걸쳐 분산되어 있다. 완성되면, 이 공정은 금속피복된 용접 플라스틱 조립체를 만든다.
제3도를 참조하면, 금속피복 플라스틱 조립체(38)를 Instron Universal Testing machine 위의 고정채내에 넣고 힘(50:51)을 도시한 바와 같이 적용한다. 이 힘은 두용접된 부품이 최대로 당겨져 파단될때까지 증가한다. 이 실험은 American Welding Society G-1 Subcommittee on the Joining of plastice and Composites에 의해 개발된 표준 테스트 공정에 따라서 수행되었다. 간단히 설명하면, 이들 테스트 공정은 동일한 형상으로 성형된 일체의 시편(제어시편)에서 파단이 일어나는데 필요한 힘과 비교해서 표준 용접된 시편에서 파단이 일어나는데 필요한 힘의 결정을 포함한다.
[재료] [평균강도]
일체 성형된 폴리카보네이트 제어시편 6352N
용접된 비도금 폴리카보네이트 시편 6325N
용접된 도금 폴리카보네이트 시편 6280N
상기 결과로부터 초음파 용접을 사용하여 두 금속 코팅된 플라스틱 부품을 접합함으로써 금속피복 플라스틱 조립체가 효율적으로 만들어질수 있음을 알 수 있다. 비도금된 플라스틱으로 얻어진 것과 동일한 효과의 용접이 용접 접합 영역에서 금속으로 완전히 도금되어 있는 플라스틱 부품에서 이루어질 수 있다. 본 발명의 양호한 실시예가 도시되고 설명되어 있지만, 본 발명은 이에 분명히 제한되지 않는다. 예를 들어, 다른 트리거력, 금속도금, 플라스틱 화합물과 용접 접합 형사이 사용될 수 있다. 이들과 다른 개량, 변경, 변환, 치환과 대치는 첨부된 청구의 범위에 의해 한정된 본발명의 정신과 범주로부터 벗어나지 않고 당업자 사이에서 일어날 수 있다.

Claims (9)

  1. 금속 코팅층으로 피복된 제1용접 접합부를 가지는 제1플라스틱 부품과 제2보조 용접 접합부를 가지는 제2플라스틱 부품을 제공하는 단계와, 제1용접 접합 금속 코팅층의 일부분을 제2용접 접합부와 직접 접촉으로 배치하고 금속 코팅층을 통하여 제1용접 접합부가 제2용접 접합부에 용접되도록 초음파 용접함으로서 제1플라스틱 부품을 제2플라스틱 부품을 제2플라스틱 부품에 결합하는 단계를 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 금속 피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제1용접 접합부는 뾰족한 부분을 가지는 돌출부를 구비하는 것을 특징으로하는 금속피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
  3. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제2용접 접합부는 금속 코팅층으로 피복되는 것을 특징으로하는 금속피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
  4. 제3항에 있어서, 상기 제2부품 용접 접합부는 뾰족한 부분을 가지는 돌출부를 구비하는 것을 특징으로하는 금속 피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
  5. 제1항에 있어서, 제1및 제2플라스틱 부품을 제공하는 단계 후에 그리고 상기 접합 단계전에 제1 및 제2 플라스틱 부품에 힘을 가하는 단계를 또한 포함하는 것을 특징으로하는 금속피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
  6. 금속층으로 피복된 제1용접 접합부를 가지는 제1플라스틱 부품과, 제2보조 용접 접합부를 가지는 제2플라스틱 부품을 제공하는 단계와, 제1용접 접합부 금속코팅층의 일부분이 제2용접 접합부와 접촉하도록 제1용접 접합부와 제2용접 접합부를 정렬하는 단계와, 두 용접 접합부를 서로 접촉시키는데 필요한 힘을 초과하여 제1및 제2플라스틱 부품에 힘을 적용하는 단계와, 금속코팅층을 통하여 두 용접 접합부가 서로 융합되도록 초음파 용접함으로써 제1 및 제2 플라스틱 부품을 함께 결합하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 금속피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
  7. 상기 제1용접 접합부는 뾰족한 부분을 가지는 돌출부를 구비하는 것을 특징으로하는 금속피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
  8. 상기 제2용접 접합부는 금속 코팅층으로 피복되는 것을 특징으로하는 금속피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
  9. 제8항에 있어서, 상기 제2용접 접합부는 뾰족한 부분을 가지는 돌출부를 구비하는 것을 특징으로하는 금속피복 플라스틱 초음파 용접법.
KR1019950001368A 1994-05-23 1995-01-26 경화 플라스틱의 초음파 용접법 KR0166138B1 (ko)

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US247,372 1994-05-23

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