JPWO2018123938A1 - ゲノム編集植物の作出方法 - Google Patents
ゲノム編集植物の作出方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(a)III型分泌装置を有する細菌に、所望のタンパク質をコードするDNAを導入して、形質転換細菌を作製する工程
(b)当該形質転換細菌を植物に接触させる工程
(c)当該形質転換細菌が感染した植物の組織を培地に移植し、当該形質転換細菌の増殖が抑制されるが、死滅しない条件下で培養する工程
(d)当該形質転換細菌が死滅する条件下で培養し、当該植物の組織を再分化させる工程
[2]工程(c)の培養条件が、栄養源の制限及び抗生物質の添加の少なくとも1つである、[1]に記載の方法。
植物細胞にゲノム編集酵素による変異が導入できることを可視的なマーカー遺伝子を用いて検出できるようにするために、特殊なレポーター遺伝子を構築した(図1)。レポーター遺伝子は、植物で一般的な高発現プロモーターの支配下で緑色蛍光タンパク質(sGFP)及びルシフェラーゼ遺伝子(ELUC)のコード領域(ORF)が転写される。この際、sGFPのコード領域が転写領域の前(mRNAの5’側)に存在し、スペーサー領域を経て後ろにELUCのコード領域が続く。スペーサー領域には一部改変したイネのWaxy遺伝子の断片が挿入されており、かつ、GFP遺伝子のコード領域とELUC遺伝子のコード領域の読み取り枠があえて異なるように配置されている。真核生物においては、mRNAからタンパク質への翻訳は一部の例外を除き、mRNAの5’側の第一番目の開始コドン(1st ATG)から始まり、終始コドン(ナンセンスコドン)に到達したところで終結する。今回作成した構築物では、スペーサー配列部分で終始コドンが出現するため、本構築物から転写されたmRNAからの翻訳は、sGFP遺伝子部分を翻訳したところで終結し、ELUC遺伝子は発現しない。
TALエフェクターのリピート配列は、Golden Gate assembly法(Cermak et al., Nucl. Acids. Res. 39, e82(2011))によって構築した。Wx_TALEN-A1のリピートは、pFUS_AプラスミドにHD1、HD2、NG3、NG4、NI5、NG6、NI7、NI8、NN9、HD10のモジュールを、pFUS_B5プラスミドにNI1、HD2、NI3、NG4、NI5のモジュールを、それぞれ制限酵素BsaI処理とライゲーションによって挿入して繋ぎ合わせることにより構築した。Wx_TALEN-B2は、pFUS_AプラスミドにNN1、NG2、HD3、NN4、HD5、NG6、NI7、NI8、NI9、NI10のモジュールを、pFUS_B8プラスミドにHD1、NG2、HD3、NI4、NI5、NI6、HD7、NI8のモジュールを、それぞれ制限酵素BsaI処理とライゲーションによって挿入して繋ぎ合わせることにより構築した。pZHY500-WxA1は、pZHY500に、Wx_TALEN-A1のpFUS_A及びpFUS_B5プラスミド内で構築されたリピートと最後のモジュール(pLR-NG, ハーフリピート)を制限酵素Esp3I処理とライゲーションによって挿入して繋ぎ合わせることにより構築した。pZHY501-WxB2は、pZHY501にWx_TALEN-B2のpFUS_A及びpFUS_B8プラスミド内で構築されたリピートと最後のモジュール(pLR-NG, ハーフリピート)を制限酵素Esp3I処理とライゲーションによって挿入して繋ぎ合わせることにより構築した。
植物体へのIII型分泌装置を用いたタンパク質導入に適した植物-細菌の組み合わせの一例として、本実施例では、タバコと黒腐病菌(Xcc)を用いた。
(1)インフィルトレーション
ゲノム編集植物の作出法の概要を図2Aに示す。まず、TALEN-A/Xcc及びTALEN-B/XccをそれぞれOD600が0.5-1.0になるようにLB液体培地で1晩培養した。それぞれを3,000rpmで遠心分離して沈殿を回収し、各1mlの10mM MgCl2で再懸濁した。さらに3,000rpmで遠心分離して沈殿を回収し、OD600=0.05になるように10mM MgCl2で再懸濁した。TALEN-A/XccとTALEN-B/Xccの溶液を等量になるように混合し、その混合物をsGFP-wTALEN-ELUC植物にシリンジでインフィルトレーションした。陰性対照として空ベクター(pME6031)を有するXccを同様にインフィルトレーションした。
インフィルトレーションした葉を直ちに70%エタノール、1%次亜塩素酸ナトリウムで表面殺菌したのち、Xcc接種部分を0.5-1cm角に切り、MS培地を基本としショ糖は添加せず、セフォタックスを添加したカルス・再分化誘導培地[1x Murashige and Skoog(MS)、1x MSビタミン(0.1μg/ml 塩酸チアミン, 0.5μg/ml 塩酸ピリドキシン, 0.5μg/ml ニコチンアミド, 2μg/ml グリシン, 100μg/ml ミオイノシトール), 0.1μg/ml α-ナフタレン酢酸, 1μg/ml 6-ベンジルアミノプリン, 200μg/ml セフォタックス, 8.5g/L 寒天, pH5.8]上に並べ、28℃で16時間明期/8時間暗期下に3日間置いた(静菌的培養)。
3日後に葉を50μg/ml リファンピシンと100μg/ml カナマイシンを含むカルス形成培地に移し、1週間ごとに新しい培地に移した。なお、1か月後まではリファンピシン入りのカルス・再分化誘導培地で、それ以降はリファンピシンを含まないカナマイシン入りのカルス・再分化誘導培地を使用した。シュートが形成された個体を100μg/ml カナマイシン入りの発根培地[1x MS, 1x MSビタミン, 30g/L ショ糖, 200μg/ml セフォタックス, 8.5g/L 寒天, pH5.8]に移した。発根した個体をバーミキュライトを入れたポットに移し、25℃で16時間明期/8時間暗期下で生育させた。
(a)静菌的条件下での組織培養のための培地として、MS培地を基本とし、ショ糖およびセフォタックスを添加したカルス・再分化誘導培地[1x Murashige and Skoog(MS)、1x MSビタミン(0.1μg/ml 塩酸チアミン, 0.5μg/ml 塩酸ピリドキシン, 0.5μg/ml ニコチンアミド, 2μg/ml グリシン, 100μg/ml ミオイノシトール), 0.1μg/ml α-ナフタレン酢酸, 1μg/ml 6-ベンジルアミノプリン, 30g/L ショ糖, 200μg/ml セフォタックス, 8.5g/L 寒天, pH5.8]を用いて、上記と同様に実験を行い、様々な培養期間(培養1日後、2日後、5日後)で、葉片におけるゲノム編集の発生をルシフェラーゼ活性を指標に検出した。その結果、培養1日後、2日後、5日後のいずれでも、TALENによるゲノム編集が確認された(図3)。
薬剤耐性を指標としてゲノム編集個体を選抜するために、pBI121-sGFP-wTALEN-ELUC(図1)のルシフェラーゼ遺伝子(ELUC)をハイグロマイシン耐性遺伝子(HPT)に入れ替えたベクター「pBI121-sGFP-wTALEN-HPT」を構築した(図7)。このベクターを利用して、ゲノム編集植物の作出を行った(概要を図8Aに示す)。具体的には、sGFP-wTALEN-HPT植物に対して、上記(1)と同様に、インフィルトレーションを行った。その後、上記(2)と同様に、静菌的培養を3日間行った。殺菌的条件下での組織培養と植物体の再生においては、抗生物質としてハイグロマイシンを含む培地を用いた以外は、上記(3)と同様に行った。その結果、接種から7週目の時点でカルスが増殖たことから、ゲノム編集が生じていることが判明した(図8B)。なお、陰性対照(Vec)は、組織が褐変していた。
メガヌクレアーゼであるI-SceIは、18塩基配列[5'-TAGGGATAA↓CAGGGTAAT-3'])を認識し、3'-OHの4塩基突出末端を生成する。また、認識配列内で1塩基の置換があっても切断する。ELUC配列の前に、メガヌクレアーゼであるI-SceIの認識配列を配置し(sGFPはなし)、メガヌクレアーゼによる切断とその後の変異導入によって発光する構築物を作成した。このままでは終始コドンができるためにELUCの翻訳が生じないが、青色部分でI-SceIによる切断とそれに続く修復エラーによって挿入もしくは欠失が起きると、下流のELUC遺伝子の配列が翻訳されてルシフェリンを基質とする発光が確認できるようになる。
Claims (3)
- 以下の(a)から(d)に記載の工程を含む、所望のタンパク質が導入された植物の作出方法。
(a)III型分泌装置を有する細菌に、所望のタンパク質をコードするDNAを導入して、形質転換細菌を作製する工程
(b)当該形質転換細菌を植物に接触させる工程
(c)当該形質転換細菌が感染した植物の組織を培地に移植し、当該形質転換細菌の増殖が抑制されるが、死滅しない条件下で培養する工程
(d)当該形質転換細菌が死滅する条件下で培養し、該植物の組織を再分化させる工程 - 工程(c)の培養条件が、栄養源の制限及び抗生物質の添加の少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程(c)の培養の期間が1〜10日間である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
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CA3048598A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
WO2018123938A1 (ja) | 2018-07-05 |
CN110088280A (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
BR112019013072A2 (pt) | 2020-07-07 |
US20200283781A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
JP6971478B2 (ja) | 2021-11-24 |
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