JPWO2017043624A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2017043624A1 JPWO2017043624A1 JP2016560015A JP2016560015A JPWO2017043624A1 JP WO2017043624 A1 JPWO2017043624 A1 JP WO2017043624A1 JP 2016560015 A JP2016560015 A JP 2016560015A JP 2016560015 A JP2016560015 A JP 2016560015A JP WO2017043624 A1 JPWO2017043624 A1 JP WO2017043624A1
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- laminated glass
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- intermediate film
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Images
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- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る中間膜では、上記第2の層のガラス転移温度(Tg)が32℃以上である。さらに、本発明に係る中間膜では、上記第1の層のガラス転移温度(Tg)が上記第2の層のガラス転移温度(Tg)よりも低い。本発明に係る中間膜の厚みは、787μmを超え、950μm以下である。本発明に係る中間膜が、上記第1の層と上記第2の層とのみを備え、2層の構造を有する場合には、上記第1の層と上記第2の層との合計の厚みが787μmを超える。本発明に係る中間膜が、上記第1の層と上記第2の層と他の層(第3の層など)とを備え、3層以上の構造を有する場合には、上記第1の層と上記第2の層と他の層との合計の厚みが787μmを超える。
本発明に係る中間膜では、上記第2の層のガラス転移温度(Tg)が25℃以上である。さらに、本発明に係る中間膜では、上記第1の層のガラス転移温度(Tg)が上記第2の層のガラス転移温度(Tg)よりも低い。本発明に係る中間膜の厚みは、950μmを超える。本発明に係る中間膜が、上記第1の層と上記第2の層とのみを備え、2層の構造を有する場合には、上記第1の層と上記第2の層との合計の厚みが950μmを超える。本発明に係る中間膜が、上記第1の層と上記第2の層と他の層(第3の層など)とを備え、3層以上の構造を有する場合には、上記第1の層と上記第2の層と他の層との合計の厚みが950μmを超える。
上記第1の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含み、熱可塑性樹脂(1)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含み、熱可塑性樹脂(2)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましく、熱可塑性樹脂(3)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記熱可塑性樹脂(1)、上記熱可塑性樹脂(2)及び上記熱可塑性樹脂(3)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。上記熱可塑性樹脂(1)、上記熱可塑性樹脂(2)及び上記熱可塑性樹脂(3)は同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
上記第1の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。可塑剤の使用により、更にポリビニルアセタール樹脂と可塑剤との併用により、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂と可塑剤とを含む層の合わせガラス部材又は他の層に対する接着力が適度に高くなる。上記可塑剤は特に限定されない。上記可塑剤(1)と上記可塑剤(2)と上記可塑剤(3)とは同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。上記可塑剤(1)、上記可塑剤(2)及び上記可塑剤(3)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記遮熱性化合物は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、フタロシアニン化合物、ナフタロシアニン化合物及びアントラシアニン化合物の内の少なくとも1種の成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記成分Xは遮熱性化合物である。上記成分Xは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、上記遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、上記遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記遮熱粒子は遮熱性化合物である。遮熱粒子の使用により、赤外線(熱線)を効果的に遮断できる。上記遮熱粒子は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩及びMg塩の内の少なくとも1種の金属塩(以下、金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記表面層が、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記金属塩Mの使用により、中間膜と合わせガラス部材との接着性又は中間膜における各層間の接着性を制御することが容易になる。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、中間膜及び合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第1の層、上記第2の層及び上記第3の層はそれぞれ、必要に応じて、ケイ素、アルミニウム又はチタンを含むカップリング剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、顔料、染料、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
中間膜の厚みをTとする。上記第1の層の厚みは、好ましくは0.0625T以上、より好ましくは0.1T以上、好ましくは0.4T以下、より好ましくは0.375T以下、更に好ましくは0.25T以下、特に好ましくは0.15T以下である。上記第1の層の厚みが0.4T以下であると、高周波域での遮音性と耐貫通性との双方を効果的に高めることができる。
図2は、図1に示す合わせガラス用中間膜を用いた合わせガラスの一例を模式的に示す断面図である。
下記の表2,3に示すポリビニルアセタール樹脂を適宜用いた。用いたポリビニルアセタール樹脂では全て、アセタール化に、炭素数4のn−ブチルアルデヒドが用いられている。
トリエチレングリコールジ−2−エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)
Tinuvin326(2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−3’−t−ブチル−5−メチルフェニル)−5−クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
BHT(2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール)
第1の層を形成するための組成物の作製:
下記の表2に示す種類のポリビニルアセタール樹脂100重量部と、可塑剤(3GO)60重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤(Tinuvin326)0.2重量部と、酸化防止剤(BHT)0.2重量部とを混合し、第1の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
下記の表2に示す種類のポリビニルアセタール樹脂100重量部と、可塑剤(3GO)32重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤(Tinuvin326)0.2重量部と、酸化防止剤(BHT)0.2重量部とを混合し、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
第1の層を形成するための組成物と、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物とを、共押出機を用いて共押出しすることにより、第2の層(厚み350μm)/第1の層(厚み100μm)/第3の層(厚み350μm)の積層構造を有する中間膜(厚み800μm)を作製した。
得られた中間膜を縦55cm×横55cmの大きさに切断した。次に、1枚のクリアフロートガラス(縦50cm×横50cm×厚さ2mm)と1枚のクリアフロートガラス(縦50cm×横50cm×厚さ1.6mm)の間に、中間膜を挟み込み、積層体を得た。この積層体をゴムバック内に入れ、2.6kPaの真空度で20分間脱気した後、脱気したままオーブン内に移し、更に90℃で30分間保持して真空プレスし、積層体を予備圧着した。オートクレーブ中で135℃及び圧力1.2MPaの条件で、予備圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、合わせガラスAを得た。
得られた中間膜を、縦100cm×横100cmに切り出した。次に、2枚のクリアガラス(縦30cm×横30cm×厚み2.5mm)の間に中間膜を挟み込み、真空ラミネーターにて90℃で30分間保持し、真空プレスし、積層体を得た。積層体において、ガラスからはみ出た中間膜部分を切り落とし、合わせガラスBを得た。
第1の層、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物に用いるポリビニルアセタール樹脂及び可塑剤の種類と配合量とを下記の表2,3に示すように設定したこと、並びに第1の層、第2の層及び第3の層の厚みを下記の表2,3に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。また、実施例2〜18では、実施例1と同じ種類の紫外線遮蔽剤及び酸化防止剤を、実施例1と同様の配合量(ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100重量部に対して0.2重量部)で配合した。
(1)ガラス転移温度
得られた中間膜を温度23℃、湿度30%で2ヶ月間保管した後に、表面層(第2の層及び第3の層)を剥がすことによって単離し、プレス成型機でプレス成型したものをTAINSTRUMENTS社製「ARES−G2」を用いて測定した。治具として、直径8mmのパラレルプレートを用い、3℃/分の降温速度で100℃から−10℃まで温度を低下させる条件、及び周波数1Hz及び歪1%の条件で測定した。得られた測定結果において、損失正接のピーク温度をガラス転移温度Tg(℃)とした。
合わせガラスAの遮音性は音響透過損失により評価した。音響透過損失は、20℃でJIS A1441−1に基づいて測定した。具体的には、以下の様に測定した。音源室と受音室の開口部に作製した合わせガラスAを設置した。受音室側のニッシェ開口部内のサンプルから13cm離れたところで、RION社製音響インテンシティプローブ「SI−34」を用いてスキャニングすることにより、平均音響インテンシティレベルを測定した。スキャニング時間は25〜40s、スキャン速度を0.15〜0.2m/sとし、2種類のスキャンパターンの平均により測定した。
得られた合わせガラスを−18℃±0.6℃の温度に16時間保管調整し、この合わせガラスの中央部(縦150mm×横150mmの部分)を頭部が0.45kgのハンマーで打って、ガラスの粒径が6mm以下になるまで粉砕し、ガラスが部分剥離した後の膜の露出度を測定し、下記表1によりパンメル値を求めた。なお、パンメル値とは、合わせガラス用中間膜とガラス板との接着力の度合いを調べる値であり、合わせガラスを−18℃±0.6℃の温度に16時間保管調整し、この合わせガラスの中央部(縦150mm×横150mmの部分)を頭部が0.45kgのハンマーで打って、ガラスの粒径が6mm以下になるまで粉砕し、ガラスが部分剥離した後の膜の露出度(面積%)により規定した値であり、表1で定義される。すなわち、パンメル値が高いほど、中間膜とガラスとの接着力が高く、ガラスの飛散防止性が優れていることを意味する。
得られた合わせガラス(縦30cm×横30cm)を、表面温度が23℃となるように調整した。次いで、JIS R3212:1998に準拠して、4mの高さから、6枚の合わせガラスに対してそれぞれ、質量2260g及び直径82mmの剛球を、合わせガラスの中心部分に落下させた。6枚の合わせガラス全てについて、剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった場合を合格:○とした。剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった合わせガラスが3枚以下であった場合は不合格:×とした。4枚の場合には、新しく6枚の合わせガラスの耐貫通性を評価した。5枚の場合には、新しく1枚の合わせガラスを追加試験し、剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった場合を合格:○とした。同様の方法で、4.0m、4.5m、5.0m、5.5m、6.0m、6.5m、及び7.0mの高さから、6枚の合わせガラスに対してそれぞれ、質量2260g及び直径82mmの剛球を、合わせガラスの中心部分に落下させ、合わせガラスの耐貫通性を評価した。
1a…第1の表面
1b…第2の表面
2…第2の層
2a…外側の表面
3…第3の層
3a…外側の表面
11…中間膜
11a…第1の表面
11b…第2の表面
21…第1の合わせガラス部材
22…第2の合わせガラス部材
31…合わせガラス
Claims (15)
- 2層以上の構造を有し、
熱可塑性樹脂を含む第1の層と、
熱可塑性樹脂を含む第2の層とを備え、
前記第1の層の第1の表面側に、前記第2の層が配置されており、
以下の構成A、又は、以下の構成Bを備える、合わせガラス用中間膜。
構成A:前記第2の層のガラス転移温度が32℃以上であり、前記第1の層のガラス転移温度が前記第2の層のガラス転移温度よりも低く、中間膜の厚みが787μmを超え、950μm以下である
構成B:前記第2の層のガラス転移温度が25℃以上であり、前記第1の層のガラス転移温度が前記第2の層のガラス転移温度よりも低く、中間膜の厚みが950μmを超える - 以下の構成AB’を備える、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
構成AB’:前記第2の層のガラス転移温度が32℃以上であり、前記第1の層のガラス転移温度が前記第2の層のガラス転移温度よりも低く、中間膜の厚みが787μmを超える - 中間膜が前記第1の層と前記第2の層とのみを備え、
前記第1の層と前記第2の層との合計の厚みが787μmを超える、請求項1又は2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記構成Bを備える、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜が前記第1の層と前記第2の層とのみを備え、
前記第1の層と前記第2の層との合計の厚みが950μmを超える、請求項4に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 中間膜の表面層として、前記第2の層を備える、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記第1の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂であり、
前記第2の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記第1の層が可塑剤を含み、
前記第2の層が可塑剤を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 3層以上の構造を有し、
熱可塑性樹脂を含む第3の層を備え、
前記第1の層の前記第1の表面とは反対の第2の表面側に、前記第3の層が配置されている、請求項1、2又は4に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記第3の層のガラス転移温度が25℃以上であり、
前記第1の層のガラス転移温度が前記第3の層のガラス転移温度よりも低い、請求項9に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記第3の層のガラス転移温度が32℃以上であり、
前記第1の層のガラス転移温度が前記第3の層のガラス転移温度よりも低い、請求項9に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 中間膜の表面層として、前記第2の層を備え、
中間膜の表面層として、前記第3の層を備える、請求項9〜11のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記第1の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂であり、
前記第2の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂であり、
前記第3の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂である、請求項9〜12のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記第1の層が可塑剤を含み、
前記第2の層が可塑剤を含み、
前記第3の層が可塑剤を含む、請求項9〜13のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されている、合わせガラス。
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