JPWO2016208770A1 - 空気極材料、空気極及び金属空気電池 - Google Patents
空気極材料、空気極及び金属空気電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 52
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3] YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RXBXBWBHKPGHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diperchlorate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O RXBXBWBHKPGHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-imidazole Chemical group C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound C=C.FC(F)=C(F)F QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium group Chemical group [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/8668—Binders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/8673—Electrically conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
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- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
図1は、亜鉛空気二次電池10の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。亜鉛空気二次電池10は、空気極12、水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14、電解液に浸漬された負極16、正極集電体18及び容器20を備える。
1.空気極12
空気極12は、O2の還元反応及び/又は発生反応を起こす正極として機能する。空気極12は、水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14上に配置される。空気極12は、第1主面12Sと第2主面12Tを有する。空気極12は、第1主面12Sにおいて水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14と接触する。空気極12は、第2主面12Tにおいて正極集電体18と接触する。
2.水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14
水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14は、空気極12と負極16の間に配置される。水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14は、空気極12の第1主面12Sと接触する。水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14は、空気極12で生成及び消費される水酸化物イオンを選択的に透過可能な材料で構成される。
負極16は、水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14を挟んで空気極12の反対側に配置される。負極16は、電解液に浸漬される。
正極集電体18は、空気極12を挟んで水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14の反対側に配置される。正極集電体18は、空気極12の第2主面12Tと接触する。
電池容器20は、空気極12、水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14、電解液に浸漬された負極16及び正極集電体18を収容する。電池容器20は、正極容器22、負極容器24、正極ガスケット26及び負極ガスケット28を有する。
次に、亜鉛空気二次電池10の製造方法について説明する。
1.空気極12の作製
まず、CNT分散液を準備する。CNT分散液は、CNTを溶媒(例えば、水など)に分散させることで作製することができる。CNT分散液におけるCNTの濃度は0.1wt%〜2.0wt%とすることができるが特に制限されない。なお、CNTは凝集しやすい性質を有するため液中に分散し難い。そのため、市販のCNT分散液(例えば、(株)名城カーボン製、製品名SWNT分散液)を用いてもよい。
以下、水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ14としてLDHセパレータを作製する場合について説明する。
次に、電解液に浸漬した負極16を収容した負極容器24に負極ガスケット28を取り付ける。
本発明は以上のような実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変形又は変更が可能である。
以下のようにして、実施例1〜3に係る金属空気電池を作製した。
以下のようにして、実施例4に係る金属空気電池を作製した。
以下のようにして、実施例5に係る金属空気電池を作製した。
以下のようにして、実施例6に係る金属空気電池を作製した。
以下のようにして、比較例1、2に係る金属空気電池を作製した。
以下のようにして、比較例3に係る金属空気電池を作製した。
以下のようにして、比較例4に係る金属空気電池を作製した。
実施例1〜6の空気極の断面をSEMで観察することによって、空気極の微構造を観察した。図3は、実施例2の空気極断面のSEM二次電子像である。SEMには日本電子株式会社のJSM−6610LVを用い、加速電圧20kVとした。
図2は、空気極抵抗の測定方法を説明するための模式図である。
放電時の空気極抵抗[Ωm2]=(VOC−0.8[V])/(空気極の電位が−0.8Vのときに流れた電流密度[A/cm2])
12 空気極
14 水酸化物イオン伝導性セパレータ
16 負極
18 正極集電体
20 容器
Claims (11)
- 金属空気電池に用いられる空気極材料であって、
カーボンナノチューブと電子伝導性材料とを含有し、
空気極材料におけるカーボンナノチューブの含有量は、0.1体積%以上50体積%以下であり、
空気極材料における電子伝導性材料の含有量は、30体積%以上99体積%以下である、
空気極材料。 - 金属空気電池に用いられる空気極であって、
カーボンナノチューブと電子伝導性材料とを含有し、
空気極における前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量は、0.1体積%以上50体積%以下であり、
空気極における前記電子伝導性材料の含有量は、30体積%以上99体積%以下である、
空気極。 - 前記カーボンナノチューブは、バインダとして機能する、
請求項2に記載の空気極。 - 有機バインダをさらに含有し、
空気極における前記有機バインダの含有量は、10体積%以下である、
請求項2又は3に記載の空気極。 - 水酸化物イオン伝導性材料をさらに含有する、
請求項2乃至4のいずれかに記載の空気極。 - 前記電子伝導性材料は、一般式ABO3−δ(δ≦0.4)で表されるペロブスカイト型酸化物である、
請求項2乃至5のいずれかに記載の空気極。 - 前記ペロブスカイト型酸化物は、Aサイトに少なくともLaを含有し、Bサイトに少なくともNi、Fe及びCuを含有する、
請求項6に記載の空気極。 - 前記カーボンナノチューブは、前記電子伝導性材料に絡み付いている、
請求項3乃至7のいずれかに記載の空気極。 - 前記電子伝導性材料の少なくとも一部は、前記カーボンナノチューブに接触する、
請求項8に記載の空気極。 - 請求項2乃至9のいずれかに記載の空気極と、
負極と、
前記空気極と前記負極の間に配置される電解質と、
を備える金属空気電池。 - 前記電解質は、水酸化物イオン伝導性を有する無機固体電解質である、
請求項10に記載の金属空気電池。
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