JPWO2016152229A1 - 変速機用潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
変速機用潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2016152229A1 JPWO2016152229A1 JP2017507543A JP2017507543A JPWO2016152229A1 JP WO2016152229 A1 JPWO2016152229 A1 JP WO2016152229A1 JP 2017507543 A JP2017507543 A JP 2017507543A JP 2017507543 A JP2017507543 A JP 2017507543A JP WO2016152229 A1 JPWO2016152229 A1 JP WO2016152229A1
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- branched
- linear
- kinematic viscosity
- acid
- viscosity
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、上記手法だけでは粘度温度特性および低温性能と疲労防止性、耐焼付き性の両立が十分に図れておらず、これらの性能を両立させつつその他の諸性能についても問題ない性能を有する潤滑油組成物の開発が求められている。
一方、40℃における動粘度は、20mm2/s以下であることが必要であり、17.5mm2/s以下が好ましく、15mm2/s以下がより好ましい。20mm2/sを超える場合は、省燃費性、低温粘度特性が悪化するため好ましくない。
(A)成分の100℃における動粘度が4.4mm2/sを超える場合は、粘度温度特性及び低温粘度特性が悪化し、1.5mm2/s未満の場合は、潤滑箇所での油膜形成が不十分となるため金属疲労防止性、耐熱性に劣り、また潤滑油基油の蒸発損失が大きくなるため、それぞれ好ましくない。
(1)パラフィン基系原油及び/又は混合基系原油の常圧蒸留による留出油
(2)パラフィン基系原油及び/又は混合基系原油の常圧蒸留残渣油の減圧蒸留による留出油(WVGO)
(3)潤滑油脱ろう工程により得られるワックス(スラックワックス等)及び/又はガストゥリキッド(GTL)プロセス等により得られる合成ワックス(フィッシャートロプシュワックス、GTLワックス等)
(4)基油(1)〜(3)から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の混合油及び/又は当該混合油のマイルドハイドロクラッキング処理油
(5)基油(1)〜(4)から選ばれる2種以上の混合油
(6)基油(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)又は(5)の脱れき油
(7)基油(6)のハイドロクラッキング処理油
(8)基油(1)〜(7)から選ばれる2種以上の混合油
(10)上記基油(1)〜(8)から選ばれる基油又は当該基油から回収された潤滑油留分を水素化異性化し、その生成物又はその生成物から蒸留等により回収される潤滑油留分について溶剤脱ろうや接触脱ろうなどの脱ろう処理を行い、または、当該脱ろう処理をしたあとに蒸留することによって得られる水素化異性化鉱油
また、上記(9)又は(10)の潤滑油基油を得るに際して、必要に応じて溶剤精製処理及び/又は水素化仕上げ処理工程を更に設けてもよい。
なお、脱ろう工程としては溶剤脱ろう、接触脱ろうのいずれの工程を適用してもよいが、低温粘度特性をより改善できる点で接触脱ろう工程であることが特に好ましい。
%CAは3以下であることが好ましく、2以下であることがより好ましく、1以下であることがさらに好ましい。%CAが3を超えると熱・酸化安定性が低下する。
また、%CNは20以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは15以下であり、さらに好ましくは10以下である。また2以上であることが好ましく、金属疲労寿命をより高めることができる点で、より好ましくは3以上、さらに好ましくは5以上、特に好ましくは7以上である。
なお、本発明でいう引火点とは、JIS K 2265(開放式引火点)に準拠して測定された引火点を意味する。
(A)成分の窒素分については、特に制限はないが、熱・酸化安定性により優れる組成物を得ることができる点で、好ましくは5質量ppm以下であり、より好ましくは3質量ppm以下、最も好ましくは実質的に含まれないことが望ましい。
なお、本発明でいう硫黄分及び窒素分の含有量とは、ASTM D4951に準拠して測定される値を意味する。
なかでも1−オクテンオリゴマー、1−デセンオリゴマー、1−ドデセンオリゴマー等のポリ−α−オレフィン又はその水素化物が好ましい。
これらの中でも、より高い熱・酸化安定性が得られることから、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、およびこれらの混合物等が最も好ましい。
炭素数3〜36のアルキル基としては、具体的には、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec−ブチル基、tert−ブチル基、直鎖又は分枝のペンチル基、直鎖又は分枝のヘキシル基、直鎖又は分枝のヘプチル基、直鎖又は分枝のオクチル基、直鎖又は分枝のノニル基、直鎖又は分枝のデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のウンデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のドデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のトリデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のテトラデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のペンタデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のヘキサデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のヘプタデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のオクタデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のノナデシル基、直鎖又は分枝のイコシル基、直鎖又は分枝のトリアコンチル基、直鎖又は分枝のヘキサトリアコンチル基等が挙げられる。またシクロアルキル基としては、例えばシクロヘキシル基を挙げることができる。
一方、上限については特に制限はないが、通常200以下であり、160以下が好ましい。粘度指数が高すぎると低温時の粘度が高くなる傾向があり好ましくない。
一方、40℃における動粘度は、25mm2/s以下であることが必要であり、20mm2/s以下が好ましく、16mm2/s以下がより好ましい。潤滑油組成物の40℃における動粘度を25mm2/s以下にすることで、低温粘度特性に優れた潤滑油組成物を得ることができる。
一方、100℃における動粘度は、5.4mm2/s以下であることが必要であり、5.0mm2/s以下が好ましく、4.5mm2/s以下がより好ましい。潤滑油組成物の100℃における動粘度を5.4mm2/s以下にすることで、低温粘度特性に優れた潤滑油組成物を得ることができる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物の−40℃におけるBF粘度は、好ましくは23,000mPa・s以下であり、より好ましくは14,000mPa・s以下、さらに好ましくは10,000mPa・s以下である。また、好ましくは1,000mPa・s以上であり、さらに好ましくは1,500mPa・s以上、さらにより好ましくは2,000mPa・s以上である。1,000mPa・s未満になると低温時のシール漏れが多くなり、油圧が確保できない恐れある。
表1に示す組成の潤滑油組成物を調製した。基油の割合(質量%)は基油全量基準、各添加剤の添加量(質量%)は組成物全量基準である。各潤滑油組成物の性状について下記試験により評価し表1に併記した。
JIS K 2514に準拠し、ISOTにて150℃、480時間の条件で各潤滑油組成物を強制劣化させてその酸価(mgKOH/g)を測定し、試験前後の酸価の測定値から酸価の増加量を求めた。酸価増加量が小さいものほど酸化安定性に優れていることを意味する。
高温ユニスチール試験機を用いて、以下の試験条件でピッチング発生寿命を評価した。また、比較例1の試験結果を基準として疲労寿命の比を算出した。
スラストニードルベアリング(面圧:1.9GPa、回転数:1410rpm、油温:120℃)
JASO M347−95に準拠し、超音波せん断試験を行い、1時間後の各潤滑油組成物の100℃における動粘度を測定した。本試験においては、せん断後の粘度低下が小さく、100℃における動粘度が高い値を示すものほどせん断安定性に優れていることを意味する。
本発明の潤滑油組成物のせん断安定性(せん断後の粘度低下の割合)は、好ましくは1.5%以下であり、さらに好ましくは1.2%以下であり、特に好ましくは0.9%以下である。
(1)基油A−1:鉱油系基油(40℃動粘度7.5mm2/s、100℃動粘度2.3mm2/s)
(2)基油A−2:鉱油系基油(40℃動粘度19.9mm2/s、100℃動粘度4.3mm2/s)
(3)基油A−3:鉱油系基油(40℃動粘度35.3mm2/s、100℃動粘度6.3mm2/s、粘度指数131)
(4)基油A−4:ポリ−α−オルフィン油(40℃動粘度5.0mm2/s、100℃動粘度1.7mm2/s)
(1)基油B−1:一般式(1)で示される構造の二塩基酸ジエステル;アゼライン酸と総炭素数8の飽和アルコールとのジエステル、40℃動粘度11.0mm2/s、100℃動粘度3.1mm2/s、粘度指数146)
(2)基油B−2:一般式(2)で示される構造のポリオールエステル;ネオペンチルグリコールと総炭素数8の飽和脂肪酸とのジエステル(40℃動粘度7.5mm2/s、100℃動粘度2.1mm2/s)
(3)基油B−3:一般式(3)で示される構造のポリオールエステル;トリメチロールプロパンと総炭素数8〜10の飽和脂肪酸とのトリエステル(40℃動粘度19.7mm2/s、100℃動粘度4.4mm2/s)
(4)基油B−4:不飽和炭化水素基を含むモノエステル;オレイン酸と総炭素数8の飽和アルコールとのモノエステル(40℃動粘度8.5mm2/s、100℃動粘度2.7mm2/s、粘度指数177)
(5)基油B−5:一般式(2)で示される構造において、R3およびR4が不飽和炭化水素基であるポリオールエステル;ネオペンチルグリコールとオレイン酸とのジエステル(40℃動粘度24.2mm2/s、100℃動粘度5.9mm2/s)
C−1:非分散型のポリメタクリレート系粘度指数向上剤(重量平均分子量20,000)
<性能添加剤>
D−1:亜リン酸エステル系摩耗防止剤(リン添加量(組成物基準)300質量ppm)、過塩基型Caスルホネート(Ca添加量(組成物基準)100質量ppm)、非ホウ素化コハク酸イミド(ビスタイプ、添加量(組成物基準)2.0質量%)、ホウ素化コハク酸イミド(ビスタイプ、添加量(組成物基準)2.0質量%、B添加量(組成物基準)50質量ppm)、フェノール系酸化防止剤(添加量(組成物基準)1.0質量%)、アミン系酸化防止剤(添加量(組成物基準)1.0質量%)、アミド系摩擦調整剤(添加量(組成物基準)2質量%)、トリアゾール誘導体(添加量(組成物基準)0.05質量%)、ジメチルシリコーン(Si添加量(組成物基準)10質量ppm)などを含有する変速機油用添加剤パッケージ
Claims (3)
- (A)40℃における動粘度が5〜20mm2/sの炭化水素系基油および(B)エステル結合を2つ以上含み、不飽和炭素結合を有さない多塩基酸エステルまたはポリオールエステルのいずれか1種または2種以上のエステル油を含有し、40℃における動粘度が18mm2/s以下で、かつ(B)成分の含有割合が基油全量基準で0.5〜50質量%である混合油を基油とする潤滑油組成物であって、40℃における動粘度が4〜25mm2/s、100℃における動粘度が2.0〜5.4mm2/sであることを特徴とする変速機用潤滑油組成物。
- 組成物中のポリメタクリレート系粘度指数向上剤の含有量が組成物全量基準で9質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の変速機用潤滑油組成物。
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