JPWO2016088716A1 - 炭素触媒、電極及び電池 - Google Patents
炭素触媒、電極及び電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2016088716A1 JPWO2016088716A1 JP2016558164A JP2016558164A JPWO2016088716A1 JP WO2016088716 A1 JPWO2016088716 A1 JP WO2016088716A1 JP 2016558164 A JP2016558164 A JP 2016558164A JP 2016558164 A JP2016558164 A JP 2016558164A JP WO2016088716 A1 JPWO2016088716 A1 JP WO2016088716A1
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- carbon
- catalyst
- electrode
- metal
- desorption
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
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- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000368 omega-hydroxypoly(furan-2,5-diylmethylene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001088 polycarbazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013558 reference substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
17種類の炭素触媒(サンプル1〜17)を製造した。まず、炭素化の対象となる原料を調製した。すなわち、1.0gのポリアクリロニトリル−ポリメタクリル酸共重合体(PAN/PMA)を15gのジメチルホルムアミドに加えて溶解させることにより溶液(a)を調製した。また、1.0gの2−メチルイミダゾールと第一の金属とを15gのジメチルホルムアミドに加えて溶解させることにより溶液(b)を調製した。次に、溶液(a)と溶液(b)とを混合し、さらに第二の金属を加えて混合した。サンプル6〜8、11〜13については、溶液(a)と溶液(b)とを混合し、さらに第二の金属を加えて混合した後、0.9gのケッチェンブラックを加えて混合した。その後、得られた混合溶液を60℃で一昼夜、真空乾燥させた。
上述のようにして製造された炭素触媒の酸素還元活性を評価した。まず炭素触媒5mgに、市販の5重量%Nafion(登録商標)溶液(Aldrich製)50μL、蒸留水とイソプロパノールとを8:2の体積比で混合した溶液500μLを加え、次いで超音波処理を施して、触媒スラリーを得た。
粉末状の炭素触媒の試料を、ガラス試料板の凹部(2cm×2cm×厚さ0.5mm)に入れるとともにスライドガラスで押さえ、当該試料をその表面と基準面とが一致するように当該凹部に均一に充填した。次いで、この充填された試料の形態が崩れないように、ガラス試料板を広角X線回折試料台に固定した。
昇温脱離装置(日本ベル株式会社製)に炭素触媒を設置し、高真空下で熱処理することで当該炭素触媒の表面官能基の脱離を行った後、当該炭素触媒の表面に酸素を吸着させ、キャリアガス(He)を50mL/分で流通させて当該炭素触媒を加熱し、脱離したガスを四重極質量分析計(Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer:QMS)で測定した。
酸素吸着熱の測定には、市販の装置(BELSORP−max、日本ベル株式会社製)を使用した。酸素吸着熱は、上述したように酸素吸着測定から酸素吸着等温線を求め、当該酸素吸着等温線から得られた値を、クラジウス−クラペイロンの式に代入して求めた。すなわち、まず268K、273K及び298Kで酸素吸脱着測定を行い、酸素吸着測定の結果から酸素吸着等温線を求めた。次いで、酸素吸着等温線から得られた値を、クラジウス−クラペイロンの式を使用して作成した線形式に代入し、その傾きから酸素吸着熱を求めた。
図1には、17種類のサンプル1〜17の各々について、酸素還元活性(EO2(V vs.NHE)及びi0.7(mA/cm2))、XRDにおける3種類のピーク(fbroad、fmiddle及びfnarrow)の面積割合(%)、TPDにおけるCO脱離量(mmol/g)、CO2脱離量(mmol/g)及びピークトップ位置(℃)、及び酸素吸着熱(kJ/mol)を評価した結果を示す。
Claims (6)
- 粉末X線回折において、X線回折図形における回折角26°付近のピークを分離することにより得られる3つのピークfbroad、fmiddle及びfnarrowの面積割合が下記条件(a)〜(c):
(a)fbroad:75%以上、96%以下;、
(b)fmiddle:3.2%以上、15%以下;及び
(c)fnarrow:0.4%以上、15%以下;
を満たす炭素構造を有する
ことを特徴とする炭素触媒。 - 酸素吸脱着測定において、13kJ/mol以下の酸素吸着熱を示す前記炭素構造を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の炭素触媒。 - 0℃から1000℃までの二酸化炭素の脱離量を測定する昇温脱離法において、150℃から900℃までの二酸化炭素脱離量が200℃〜340℃の範囲で最大値を示す前記炭素構造を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の炭素触媒。 - 0℃から1000℃までの一酸化炭素及び二酸化炭素の脱離量を測定する昇温脱離法において、150℃から1000℃までの一酸化炭素脱離量0.30mmol/g以上と、150℃から900℃までの二酸化炭素脱離量0.10mmol/g以上とを示す前記炭素構造を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の炭素触媒。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の炭素触媒を含む
ことを特徴とする電極。 - 請求項5に記載の電極を含む
ことを特徴とする電池。
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