JPWO2014171105A1 - 圧粉磁芯用鉄粉および圧粉磁芯用絶縁被覆鉄粉 - Google Patents
圧粉磁芯用鉄粉および圧粉磁芯用絶縁被覆鉄粉 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium stearate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、
(I) 酸素量の増加によって鉄損が増加するのは、酸素が介在物の形態で粒内に存在しているためであり、粒内介在物が十分に低減されていれば、たとえ酸素を多く含んでいても鉄損の低い圧粉磁芯が得られること、
(II) 介在物が十分に低減された鉄粉の場合、酸素量が低いものよりも、一定量の酸素を含有している鉄粉の方がむしろ低鉄損となること、
である。
本発明は、上記知見に基づいてなされたものである。
1.アトマイズ法によって得られる鉄を主成分とする粉末であって、該粉末中の酸素量が0.05質量%以上、0.20質量%以下で、かつ該粉末の断面において、母相の面積に占める介在物の面積分率が0.4%以下である圧粉磁芯用鉄粉。
このうち、ヒステリシス損は、磁芯を磁化した際、磁芯中に磁化の妨げとなる因子が存在することによって発生する損失である。磁化は、磁芯の組織内を磁壁が移動することによって起こるが、このとき、組織内に微細な非磁性粒子が存在すると、磁壁が非磁性粒子にトラップされてしまい、そこから離脱するために余分なエネルギーが必要となる。その結果、ヒステリシス損が大きくなる。例えば、酸化物粒子は、基本的に非磁性であるため、上記した理由によりヒステリシス損増加の要因となる。
なお、下限に特に限定はなく0%であっても良い。また、粉末の母相の面積とは、ある粉末の断面を観察したとき、当該粉末の粒界により囲まれた面積から当該粉末の粒界内の空孔部の面積を引いたものである。
発明者らが粒子間の絶縁性につき検討したところ、鉄粉中の酸素量を0.05質量%未満としてしまうと、絶縁被覆を施して成形し、さらに歪取焼鈍を行った後の粒子間の絶縁性が保たれずに、かえって、渦電流損が増加してしまうことが分かった。
一方、鉄粉に対し、過度に酸素を含有させると、鉄粉表面の酸化鉄が過度に厚くなって、成形時に絶縁被覆ごと剥離してしまうことで渦電流損が増加することに加え、鉄粉粒内にも非磁性の酸化鉄粒子が生成することで、ヒステリシス損が増加してしまうおそれがある。そのため、酸素の含有量は最大で0.20質量%程度とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは、酸素の含有量は0.15質量%未満である。
本発明に用いる鉄を主成分とする粉末は、アトマイズ法を用いて製造する。その理由は、酸化物還元法、電解析出法によって得られる粉末は、見掛密度が低く、たとえ介在物の面積分率や酸素量が、本発明の条件を満たしていたとしても、成形時に大きく塑性変形するために、絶縁被覆が剥離して渦電流損が大きく増加してしまうからである。
仕上還元焼鈍後の酸素量が目標を下回っているために、粉末中の酸素量を増加させる場合は、水蒸気を含む水素雰囲気中での熱処理を実施すれば良い。その際、熱処理条件は、仕上還元焼鈍後の酸素量に応じて選択されれば良いが、露点:0〜60℃、熱処理温度:400〜1000℃、均熱時間:0〜120minの範囲内で実施するのが好ましい。露点が0℃よりも低いと、脱酸が起こって酸素量が更に下がってしまい、60℃よりも高いと、粉末の内部まで酸化してしまうからである。また、熱処理温度が400℃より低いと酸化が不十分となる一方で、1000℃より高いと酸化のスピードが早く、酸素量の制御が難しくなる。さらに、均熱時間が120minよりも長いと、粉末の焼結が進み解砕が困難になる。
なお、後述の歪取焼鈍を実施する場合は、歪取焼鈍の条件を調整することで目標酸素量としても構わない。
粉末に施す絶縁被覆は、粒子間の絶縁性を保てるものであれば何でも良い。その様な絶縁被覆としては、シリコーン樹脂、リン酸金属塩やホウ酸金属塩をベースとしたガラス質の絶縁性アモルファス層や、MgO、フォルステライト、タルクおよびAl2O3などの金属酸化物、或いはSiO2をベースとした結晶質の絶縁層などがある。
一方、上記添加率の上限は、特に限定されないものの、0.5質量%程度とするのが、製造コストなどの点から好ましい。
これらの鉄粉の酸素量分析値および走査電子顕微鏡による断面観察により求めた介在物面積分率の測定結果を、それぞれ表3に示す。
その結果、全ての粉末でD50:95〜120μm、見掛密度≧3.8g/cm3であった。
かようにして作製した試験片に、窒素中で650℃、45minの熱処理を行い、試料とした後、巻き線を行い(1次巻:100ターン、2次巻:40ターン)、直流磁化装置によるヒステリシス損測定(1.0T、メトロン技研製 直流磁化測定装置)と、鉄損測定装置による鉄損測定(1.0T、400Hz及び1.0T、1kHz、メトロン技研製 高周波鉄損測定装置)を行なった。
表4に、試料の磁気測定を行なって得た測定結果を示す。
なお、本実施例では、1.0T、400Hzでの鉄損の合格基準を、特許文献1および特許文献2の実施例に示された合格基準(50W/kg以下)よりも、さらに低い30W/kg以下とし、加えて、1.0T、1kHzでの鉄損合格基準を、特許文献3の実施例に示された鉄損の最小値(117.6W/kg)よりもさらに低い、90W/kg以下とした。
1.アトマイズ法によって得られる鉄を主成分とする粉末であって、該粉末中の酸素量が0.05質量%以上、0.20質量%以下で、かつ該粉末の断面において、母相の面積に占める介在物の面積分率が0.40%以下である圧粉磁芯用鉄粉。
なお、下限に特に限定はなく0%であっても良い。また、粉末の母相の面積とは、ある粉末の断面を観察したとき、当該粉末の粒界により囲まれた面積から当該粉末の粒界内の空孔部の面積を引いたものである。
1.アトマイズ法によって得られる鉄を主成分とする粉末であって、該粉末中の酸素量が0.05質量%以上、0.20質量%以下で、かつ該粉末の断面において、母相の面積に占める介在物の面積分率が0.40%以下であり、
1.0T、400Hzで30W/kg以下、かつ1.0T、1kHzで90W/kg以下の鉄損を有する圧粉磁芯用鉄粉。
Claims (4)
- アトマイズ法によって得られる鉄を主成分とする粉末であって、該粉末中の酸素量が0.05質量%以上、0.20質量%以下で、かつ該粉末の断面において、母相の面積に占める介在物の面積分率が0.4%以下である圧粉磁芯用鉄粉。
- 請求項1に記載の圧粉磁芯用鉄粉に、さらに絶縁被覆を施した圧粉磁芯用絶縁被覆鉄粉。
- 前記絶縁被覆が、前記圧粉磁芯用鉄粉に対する添加率で、少なくとも0.1質量%以上である請求項2に記載の圧粉磁芯用絶縁被覆鉄粉。
- 前記絶縁被覆がシリコーン樹脂である請求項2または3に記載の圧粉磁芯用絶縁被覆鉄粉。
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