JPWO2012008277A1 - ガスバリアフィルムの製造方法、ガスバリアフィルムおよび有機光電変換素子 - Google Patents
ガスバリアフィルムの製造方法、ガスバリアフィルムおよび有機光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2012008277A1 JPWO2012008277A1 JP2012524510A JP2012524510A JPWO2012008277A1 JP WO2012008277 A1 JPWO2012008277 A1 JP WO2012008277A1 JP 2012524510 A JP2012524510 A JP 2012524510A JP 2012524510 A JP2012524510 A JP 2012524510A JP WO2012008277 A1 JPWO2012008277 A1 JP WO2012008277A1
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- VELSFHQDWXAPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracontacyclo[25.6.5.516,28.44,32.35,11.321,34.28,10.212,15.222,35.229,31.113,20.124,38.02,6.014,19.017,25.018,23.030,37.033,36.547,54.446,53.448,58.126,51.150,52.03,45.07,42.09,61.039,40.041,43.044,63.049,76.055,78.056,62.057,68.059,64.060,67.065,69.066,71.070,73.072,75.074,77]octaheptaconta-1,3(45),4(48),5(61),6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24(39),25,27(38),28,30,32,34(42),35(40),36,41(43),44(63),46,49(76),50(77),51,53,55(78),56(62),57,59,64,66,68,70(73),71,74-nonatriacontaene Chemical compound c12c3c4c5c6c1c1c7c8c2c2c3c3c9c4c4c5c5c%10c%11c%12c%13c%14c%15c%12c%12c%16c%17c%18c%19c%20c%21c%17c%17c%22c%21c%21c%23c%20c%20c%19c%19c%24c%18c%16c%15c%15c%24c%16c(c7c%15c%14c1c6c5%13)c8c1c2c2c3c3c(c%21c5c%22c(c%11c%12%17)c%10c4c5c93)c%23c2c%20c1c%19%16 VELSFHQDWXAPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
帯状の該基材上にポリシラザン化合物を含有する塗布液を塗布して塗膜を形成する塗布工程および、
該基材に対向し、該基材の巾手方向に渡り均一な照度を有する、真空紫外線(VUV)の複数の光源により、該塗膜が形成された該基材を該光源に対して相対的に移動させ、真空紫外線を該塗膜に照射して、ガスバリア性層を形成する紫外線照射工程を有し、
該紫外線照射工程において、該真空紫外線の照射の開始から終了までの間、光源と相対的に移動する塗膜が受ける塗膜面での該真空紫外線の照度は160mW/cm2以下であり、該塗膜面での該真空紫外線の照度が50mW/cm2以上、160mW/cm2以下である期間Tを有し、該期間T内に受ける、塗膜面における真空紫外線のエネルギー量(E1)が、180mJ/cm2以上1800mJ/cm2以下であることを特徴とするガスバリアフィルムの製造方法。
塗布工程においては、帯状の基材(以下、帯状基材とも称する)上にポリシラザンを含有する塗布液を塗布して塗膜を形成する。
本発明に用いられる基材は、長尺な支持体であって、後述のガスバリア性(単に「バリア性」ともいう。)を有するガスバリア性層(単に「バリア層」ともいう。)を保持することができるものであり、下記のような材料で形成されるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではない。
アンカーコート剤層に用いられるアンカーコート剤としては、ポリエステル樹脂、イソシアネート樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、エチレンビニルアルコール樹脂、ビニル変性樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、変性スチレン樹脂、変性シリコン樹脂、およびアルキルチタネート等を一又は二種以上併せて使用することができる。
本発明のガスバリアフィルムは基材とガスバリア性層との間に、平滑層を有してもよい。本発明に用いられる平滑層は突起等が存在する透明樹脂フィルム支持体の粗面を平坦化し、あるいは、透明樹脂フィルム支持体に存在する突起により透明無機化合物層に生じた凹凸やピンホールを埋めて平坦化するために設けられる。このような平滑層は、基本的には感光性樹脂を硬化させて作製される。
本発明のガスバリアフィルムは、基材の平滑層とは反対側にブリードアウト防止層を有してもよい。
本発明に係る塗膜は、帯状の基材上にポリシラザン化合物を含有する塗布液を塗布することにより形成される。
式中、R1、R2、R3は、各々水素原子,アルキル基,アルケニル基,シクロアルキル基,アリール基,アルキルシリル基,アルキルアミノ基,アルコキシ基を表す。
本発明に係るガスバリア層は、ポリシラザンを含む塗膜に真空紫外線を照射する紫外線照射工程で、ポリシラザンの少なくとも一部が酸化珪素へと転化し、酸化珪素ガスを含有するガスバリア層が形成される。
e+Xe→Xe*
Xe*+2Xe→Xe2*+Xe
Xe2*→Xe+Xe+hν(172nm)
となり、励起されたエキシマ分子であるXe2*が基底状態に遷移するときに172nmのエキシマ光を発光する。
紫外線照射時の反応には、酸素が必要であるが、真空紫外線は、酸素による吸収があるため紫外線照射工程での効率を低下しやすいため、真空紫外線の照射は、できるだけ酸素濃度の低い状態で、行うことが好ましい。
本発明に係るガスバリア性層上にはオーバーコート層を設けてもよい。
オーバーコート層に用いられる有機物としては、有機モノマー、オリゴマー、ポリマー等の有機樹脂を好ましく用いることができる。これらの有機樹脂は重合性基や架橋性基を有することが好ましく、これらの有機樹脂を含有し、必要に応じて重合開始剤や架橋剤等を含有する有機樹脂組成物塗布液から塗布形成した層に、光照射処理や熱処理を加えて硬化させることが好ましい。ここで「架橋性基」とは、光照射処理や熱処理で起こる化学反応によりバインダーポリマーを架橋することができる基のことである。このような機能を有する基であれば特にその化学構造は限定されないが、例えば、付加重合し得る官能基としてエチレン性不飽和基、エポキシ基/オキセタニル基等の環状エーテル基が挙げられる。また光照射によりラジカルになり得る官能基であってもよく、そのような架橋性基としては、例えば、チオール基、ハロゲン原子、オニウム塩構造等が挙げられる。中でも、エチレン性不飽和基が好ましく、特開2007−17948号公報の段落0130〜0139に記載された官能基が含まれる。
本発明のガスバリアフィルムは、主に電子デバイス等のパッケージ、又は有機EL素子や太陽電池、液晶等のプラスチック基板といったディスプレイ材料に用いられるガスバリアフィルムおよびガスバリアフィルムを用いた各種デバイス用樹脂基材、および各種デバイス素子に適用することができる。
本発明の有機光電変換素子は、本発明のガスバリアフィルムを具備するが、有機光電変換素子に用いる際には、ガスバリアフィルムは透明であることが好ましく、このガスバリアフィルムを基材(支持体ともいう。)として用いてこの側から太陽光の受光を行うように構成できる。
有機光電変換素子および太陽電池の好ましい態様を説明する。なお、以下、本発明に係る有機光電変換素子の好ましい態様について詳細に説明するが、当該太陽電池は当該有機光電変換素子をその構成として有するものであり、太陽電池の好ましい構成も同様に記載することができる。
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発電層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発電層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/p型半導体層/発電層/n型半導体層/電子輸送層/陰極
(v)陽極/正孔輸送層/第1発電層/電子輸送層/中間電極/正孔輸送層/第2発電層/電子輸送層/陰極。
有機光電変換素子の発電層(「光電変換層」ともいう。)の形成に用いられる材料について説明する。
有機光電変換素子の発電層(バルクヘテロジャンクション層)として好ましく用いられるp型半導体材料としては、種々の縮合多環芳香族低分子化合物や共役系ポリマー・オリゴマーが挙げられる。
バルクヘテロジャンクション層に用いられるn型半導体材料としては特に限定されないが、例えば、フラーレン、オクタアザポルフィリン等、p型半導体の水素原子をフッ素原子に置換したパーフルオロ体(パーフルオロペンタセンやパーフルオロフタロシアニン等)、ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸無水物、ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸無水物、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド等の芳香族カルボン酸無水物や、そのイミド化物を骨格として含む高分子化合物等を挙げることができる。
本発明に係る有機光電変換素子は、バルクヘテロジャンクション層と陽極との中間には正孔輸送層を、バルクヘテロジャンクション層で発生した電荷をより効率的に取り出すことが可能となるため、これらの層を有していることが好ましい。
本発明に係る有機光電変換素子は、バルクヘテロジャンクション層と陰極との中間には電子輸送層を作製することで、バルクヘテロジャンクション層で発生した電荷をより効率的に取り出すことが可能となるため、これらの層を有していることが好ましい。
エネルギー変換効率の向上や、素子寿命の向上を目的に、各種中間層を素子内に有する構成としてもよい。中間層の例としては、正孔ブロック層、電子ブロック層、正孔注入層、電子注入層、励起子ブロック層、UV吸収層、光反射層、波長変換層等を挙げることができる。
透明電極は、陰極、陽極は特に限定せず、素子構成により選択することができるが、好ましくは透明電極を陽極として用いることである。例えば、陽極として用いる場合、好ましくは380〜800nmの光を透過する電極である。
対電極は導電材単独層であってもよいが、導電性を有する材料に加えて、これらを保持する樹脂を併用してもよい。対電極の導電材としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物およびこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。
また、前記有機光電変換素子の層構成の(v)のようなタンデム構成の場合に必要となる中間電極の材料としては、透明性と導電性を併せ持つ化合物を用いた層であることが好ましく、前記透明電極で用いたような材料(ITO、AZO、FTO、酸化チタン等の透明金属酸化物、Ag、Al、Au等の非常に薄い金属層又はナノ粒子・ナノワイヤーを含有する層、PEDOT:PSS、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子材料等)を用いることができる。
導電性繊維としては、金属でコーティングした有機繊維や無機繊維、導電性金属酸化物繊維、金属ナノワイヤー、炭素繊維、カーボンナノチューブ等を用いることができるが、金属ナノワイヤーが好ましい。
有機光電変換素子は、太陽光のより効率的な受光を目的として、各種の光学機能層を有していてもよい。光学機能層としては、例えば、反射防止層、マイクロレンズアレイ等の集光層、陰極で反射した光を散乱させて再度発電層に入射させることができるような光拡散層等を設けてもよい。
電子受容体と電子供与体とが混合されたバルクヘテロジャンクション層、および輸送層・電極の作製方法としては、蒸着法、塗布法(キャスト法、スピンコート法を含む)等を例示することができる。このうち、バルクヘテロジャンクション層の作製方法としては、蒸着法、塗布法(キャスト法、スピンコート法を含む)等を例示することができる。
電極、発電層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層等をパターニングする方法やプロセスには特に制限はなく、公知の手法を適宜適用することができる。
《ガスバリアフィルムの作製》
以下に記載のように、まず、基板を作製し、次いで、基材上にガスバリア層を作製する工程を経て、ガスバリアフィルムFを作製した。
熱可塑性樹脂基材(支持体)である、両面に易接着加工された厚さ125μmのポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、極低熱収PET Q83)を用い、下記に示すように、片面にブリードアウト防止層、反対面に平滑層を作製したものを基板として用いた。
上記基材の片面に、JSR株式会社製 UV硬化型有機/無機ハイブリッドハードコート材OPSTAR Z7535を塗布、乾燥後の膜厚が4μmになるように塗布した後、硬化条件;1.0J/cm2、空気雰囲気下、高圧水銀ランプ使用、乾燥条件;80℃、3分で硬化を行い、ブリードアウト防止層を形成した。
続けて上記基材の反対面に、JSR株式会社製 UV硬化型有機/無機ハイブリッドハードコート材OPSTAR Z7501を塗布、乾燥後の膜厚が4μmになるように塗布した後、乾燥条件;80℃、3分で乾燥後、空気雰囲気下、高圧水銀ランプ使用、硬化条件;1.0J/cm2硬化を行い、平滑層を形成した。
(塗布乾燥工程および真空紫外線照射による改質処理工程)
後述のようにして、150nmのガスバリア性層を二層積層した、表1に示す1〜20のガスバリアフィルムを作製した。
ポリシラザン化合物を含有する塗布液は、無触媒のパーヒドロポリシラザン20質量%ジブチルエーテル溶液(AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ(株)製アクアミカ NN120−20)とアミン触媒を固形分の5質量%含有するパーヒドロポリシラザン20質量%ジブチルエーテル溶液(AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ(株)製アクアミカ NAX120−20)を混合して用いアミン触媒を固形分の1質量%に調整した後、さらにジブチルエーテルで希釈することにより5質量%ジブチルエーテル溶液として調製した。
蒸着装置:日本電子(株)製真空蒸着装置JEE−400
恒温恒湿度オーブン:Yamato Humidic ChamberIG47M
(原材料)
水分と反応して腐食する金属:カルシウム(粒状)
水蒸気不透過性の金属:アルミニウム(φ3〜5mm、粒状)
(水蒸気バリア性評価試料の作製)
真空蒸着装置(日本電子製真空蒸着装置 JEE−400)を用い、作成したガスバリアフィルム1〜20のガスバリア層表面に、マスクを通して12mm×12mmのサイズで金属カルシウムを蒸着させた。
○:金属カルシウムが腐食した面積が1%未満である。
2 エキシマランプ
3 エキシマランプ保持部材(外部電極)
4 照射室
5 バックロール
Claims (7)
- 基材上に、酸化珪素を含有するガスバリア性層を有するガスバリアフィルムの製造方法において、
帯状の該基材上にポリシラザン化合物を含有する塗布液を塗布して塗膜を形成する塗布工程および、
該基材に対向し、該基材の巾手方向に渡り均一な照度を有する、真空紫外線(VUV)の複数の光源により、該塗膜が形成された該基材を該光源に対して相対的に移動させ、真空紫外線を該塗膜に照射して、ガスバリア性層を形成する紫外線照射工程を有し、
該紫外線照射工程において、該真空紫外線の照射の開始から終了までの間、光源と相対的に移動する塗膜が受ける塗膜面での該真空紫外線の照度は160mW/cm2以下であり、該塗膜面での該真空紫外線の照度が50mW/cm2以上、160mW/cm2以下である期間Tを有し、該期間T内に受ける、塗膜面における真空紫外線のエネルギー量(E1)が、180mJ/cm2以上1800mJ/cm2以下であることを特徴とするガスバリアフィルムの製造方法。 - 前記紫外線照射工程において、前記期間T以外の期間に受ける、前記塗膜面における真空紫外線のエネルギー量(E2)と、前記E1との比(E2/E1)が、0を超えて、0.25以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスバリアフィルムの製造方法。
- 前記期間Tの時間の、前記紫外線照射工程の全期間Zの時間に対する割合が、30%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のガスバリアフィルムの製造方法。
- 前記期間Tの時間の、前記紫外線照射工程の全期間Zの時間に対する割合が、70%以上であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のガスバリアフィルムの製造方法。
- 前記紫外線照射工程において、前記期間Tは1つであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のガスバリアフィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のガスバリアフィルムの製造方法により製造されたことを特徴とするガスバリアフィルム。
- 請求項6に記載のガスバリアフィルムを具備することを特徴とする有機光電変換素子。
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