JPS6354485B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field The present invention relates to a cutting method and apparatus for performing cutting by relatively moving a workpiece and the hail bite using a hail bite. This uses a full-form Hale bite with a cross-sectional shape of the desired processing shape.

Prior Art Conventionally, when machining grooves that change arbitrarily in the three-dimensional directions of the X, Y, and Z axes, end mills, groove cutters, etc. are used to apply rotational force to the tool and to The cutting process was carried out by moving the parts relative to each other. However, it was difficult to make tools that matched the shape to be machined, and the work efficiency was extremely low. For example, the shape of one cross section of the machined shape to be obtained as shown in Fig. 3 is a concave groove A with a convex part in the center, and it changes arbitrarily in the X and Y planes as shown in Fig. 6. When attempting to machine a groove with a groove in it, it was inconvenient because the bottom surface could not be machined with an end mill. When machining the groove bottom surface B (Fig. 3), a thin end mill must be used, resulting in poor machining efficiency.
Furthermore, it was very difficult to process the convex portion C on the bottom surface of the groove.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently and neatly machining grooves, etc. that change arbitrarily in the three-dimensional directions of the X, Y, and Z axes as described above, and an apparatus for implementing the machining method. It is something.

The configuration of the present invention uses a full-form Hale bit with a cross-sectional shape of the desired machining shape, and controls the movement locus of the center of the cutting edge of the full-form Hale bite by feeding in three-dimensional directions of the X, Y, and Z axes. At the same time, by controlling the rotation angle around the C axis that rotates around the axis passing through the center of the cutting edge of the general Hale bit, the workpiece and the General Hale bit are relatively moved, This is a cutting method in which a workpiece is machined by controlling the movement locus of the cutting edge of a hail bit to match the desired three-dimensional shape to be obtained.

In addition, a tool spindle having a tool holder at the tip to which the full-form Hale bite can be attached and rotatably supported on the spindle head by using a full-form Hale bite having a cross-sectional shape of the desired machining shape. , a tool spindle rotation drive device that changes the rotation angle of the C-axis around the axis of the tool spindle in accordance with a control command; and a tool spindle rotation drive device that moves the workpiece and the general shape Hale bite relative to each other in the three-dimensional direction of the X and Y axes. a feed drive device that changes the feed of the target according to a control command, and a numerical control device that outputs a control command that controls the rotation angle of the C axis and the feed of the X, Y, and Z axes. It is a processing device.

Furthermore, a workpiece placed on a processing table movable in the X, Y, and Z axis directions and a cutting tool attached to a tool spindle rotatably provided on a spindle head movable in the Z axis direction are A cutting device that performs cutting by moving relatively in three-dimensional directions of Y and Z axes, comprising: a tool holder that holds the cutting tool; a connecting portion that connects the tool holder to the tool spindle; a C-axis drive motor that changes the rotation angle of the C-axis around the axis of the main spindle in accordance with a control command; a worm gear device that is connected to the C-axis drive motor and transmits rotational force to the tool spindle;
The cutting device includes a housing that houses the worm gear device and has the C-axis drive motor attached thereto, and a rotation prevention member that locks the housing so that it does not rotate with respect to the main shaft head.

Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a mechanical diagram of one embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, where 1 is a workpiece and 2 is a cutting tool. An X-axis and Y-axis feed mechanism 4 is provided at the bottom of the column 3. The feed mechanism 4 is equipped with an X-axis feed motor 5 and a Y-axis feed motor 6 so that the workpiece can be fed in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. A Z-axis feed mechanism 7 is provided at the top of the column 3, and this Z-axis feed mechanism 7 has a guiding structure that allows the cutting tool 2 to be fed in the Z-axis direction. attached. Z-axis feed mechanism 7
A spindle head 9 is attached to the movable part of the tool, and a tool spindle 10 is provided inside the spindle head 9. Tool spindle 10
A cutting tool 2 is attached to the lower part of the tool spindle 10.
The upper part of the C-axis drive motor 11 is connected to the C-axis drive motor 11 .
The tool spindle 10 is rotatably supported around its axis, and its rotation angle is controlled by a C-axis drive motor 11. This tool spindle 1
The axis of rotation around the central axis of 0 is called the C axis. The numerical control device 12 controls these X-axis feed motor 5, Y-axis feed motor 6,
Appropriate drive signals are sent to the Z-axis feed motor 8 and C-axis drive motor 11 to drive the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, and C-axis of the machine to move the workpiece 1 and cutting tool 2 in three-dimensional directions. Cutting is performed by moving the parts relatively.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a full-form Hale bite used as a cutting tool in the present invention, and the center portion 22 of the cutting edge 21 is formed so as to substantially coincide with the center axis of the shaft portion 23. The shape of the cutting edge 21 is formed to have one cross-sectional shape of the processing shape to be obtained.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating one cross section of a groove having a machined shape to be obtained, and is a diagram showing a groove having a cross-sectional shape A on the workpiece 1, and the groove A is a groove as described above. It has a bottom surface B and a convex portion C.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show another embodiment of the device of the present invention. The spindle head 41 corresponds to the spindle head 9 in FIG. 1, and rotatably supports the tool spindle 42 by a bearing (not shown).
The cutting edge portion 43 of the full-form Hale bite 23 is a coaxial portion 44
The coaxial portion 44 is fixed to the tool holder 46 via a sleeve 45 with a fixing screw 47. The screw 48 is for adjusting the length of the tool, and is screwed deep inside the full-form Hale bite 23 and has an adjustment groove 63 on the end surface, and the end surface serves as a stopper for the tool shaft portion 44. . Tool holder 4
A worm gear 49 for rotating the tool spindle 42 is provided on the upper part of the tool 6 by key connection. Furthermore, a taper shank 50 for connecting the tool holder 46 and the tool spindle 42 is provided on the upper part thereof, and is connected to a collet 51 of the tool spindle 42 via a transmission key 52. The housing 53 is formed to house the worm gear 49 and the worm shaft 54, and a bearing 55 is attached thereto.
A tool holder 46 is rotatably supported.
The worm shaft 54 is rotatably supported by the housing 53 via a bearing 56 and a bearing case 57. The C-axis drive motor 58 is fixed to the housing 53, and its output shaft 58a is connected to the worm shaft 54. The fixing base 59 attached to the spindle head 41 has a recess 62, and the housing 53
The housing 53 is coupled with an arm or pin 60 attached to the main shaft head 41 so as not to rotate with respect to the main shaft head 41. The limit switch 61 is used to check the direction of the cutting edge of the tool. 64 is a holding nut, and 65 is a seal.
In this embodiment, a C-axis drive motor 58 is provided on the tool holder 46 side, and rotates the tool main shaft 42 and the general Hale bite 23 around the central axis through a gear mechanism of a worm shaft 54 and a worm gear 49. This allows the desired direction of the cutting edge to be obtained. Therefore, the feeding in the X, Y, and Z axis directions during machining is the same as in the embodiment shown in FIG. This is achieved by means of a numerical control device, similar to the embodiment shown.

Next, an example processed using the method of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 is an X, Y plan view showing the outline of a machining example, in which a concave groove having a certain depth in the Z-axis direction is machined. Table 1 below shows the command data to be input into the numerical control device 12 (Fig. 1), and the minimum command units for the X, Y, and Z axes are all 0.001 mm, and the minimum command unit for the C axis is 0.001. degree. Furthermore, the relationship between the movement command data of each axis and the movement direction of each axis is +X, +Y, +Z as shown in Fig. 1 when the value of the command data is positive.
The relationship is that the object moves in the direction of the arrow. The order of machining will be explained in conjunction with FIG. 6 in accordance with the order of the command data blocks in Table 1. As an initial setting, set the cutting edge of the full-form Hale bit 23 (Fig. 2) to 2.
1 is placed at point A in FIG. 6, and the direction of movement of the workpiece is set in the direction of the arrow. Now, the movement in the X and Y planes will be explained without considering the cutting direction on the Z axis. When the numerical control device 12 is started and the command data shown in Table 1 is executed, only the Y axis moves in the negative direction in block (1), and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches point B. In block (2), two-axis circular interpolation on X and Y and rotation angle control on the C-axis are performed, and the center 2 of the cutting edge is
2 reaches point C. In block (3), two-axis linear interpolation in X and Y is performed, and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches point D. In block (4), circular interpolation on the X and Y axes and rotation angle control on the C axis are performed, and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches point E. In block (5), only the Y axis moves in the positive direction, and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches point F. Similarly, in block (13), only the Y axis moves in the negative direction, and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches point A from point M. Block (14) is the end of the program.

By relating the cutting motion along the Z axis to the motion in the X and Y planes described above, desired groove machining becomes possible. still,
In FIG. 6, arrow N indicates the width of the cutting edge of the full-form Hale bit, locus O indicates the locus of the center 22 of the cutting edge, and loci P and Q are the loci of the contour forming the desired groove to be obtained.

Effects of the Invention The effects of the present invention are that the grooves are machined without using a rotary cutting tool and by using a full-form Hale bit with a cross-sectional shape of the desired machining shape. It has become possible to process narrow, special-shaped grooves, etc. Compared to end mill processing, machining efficiency is improved, and a highly accurate machined surface can be obtained. Also, set the center of the cutting edge to C.
The control program is simple if it is installed in line with the center of rotation of the shaft. Furthermore, if the attachment structure is made compact, the present invention can be carried out by being attached to a machine for other purposes that has X, Y, and Z axis feeding, thereby contributing to expanding the uses of the machine.

Table 1 (command data) G91 G17G01 Y-150000 …(1) G02 X-56457 Y-36457 I-40000 C-
112364 …(2) G01 X-96458 Y43542 …(3) G02 X-47085 Y72915 I32915 J72915 C-
67635 …(4) G01 Y130000 …(5) G02 X30000 Y30000 I30000 C-90000 …(6) G01 X30000 …(7) G03 25301 I30000 C-40134 …(10) G01 X44626 Y28433 …(11) G02 X61494 Y−33734 I21494 J−33734 C−
118251…(12) G01 Y-150000…(13) MO2…(14)

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a mechanical diagram of one embodiment of the device of the present invention. Figure 2 is an example of a total form of hell bite. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross section of the processed shape to be obtained. FIG. 4 is a front sectional view of another embodiment of the device of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA of the right side of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is an X, Y plan view showing the outline of a processing example of the processing shape to be obtained. 1... Workpiece, 2... Cutting tool, 4... X-axis and Y-axis feeding mechanism, 7... Z-axis feeding mechanism, 1
0,42... Tool spindle, 11,58... C-axis drive motor, 12... Numerical control device, 43... Cutting edge of full-form Hale bite, 46... Tool holder, 4
9...Worm gear, 50...Taper shank,
53... Housing, 54... Worm shaft, 59
...Fixed stand, 60...pin.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A workpiece installed on a processing table movable in the X- and Y-axis directions, and a cutting tool attached to a tool spindle rotatably provided on a spindle head movable in the Z-axis direction. In a cutting method in which cutting is performed by relatively moving the tool in three-dimensional directions of the The movement trajectory of the center of the cutting edge of the full-form Hale bite is X, Y, Z.
The workpiece and the full-form Hale bite are controlled by controlling the feed in the three-dimensional direction of the shaft and the rotation angle around the C-axis, which rotates around the axis passing through the center of the cutting edge of the full-form Hale bite. A cutting method characterized in that a workpiece is machined by relatively moving the tool so that the locus of movement of the cutting edge of the full-form Hale bite matches a desired three-dimensional shape to be obtained. 2. A workpiece installed on a processing table movable in the X and Y axes directions and a cutting tool attached to a tool spindle that is rotatably indexable to a spindle head movable in the Z axis direction. In a cutting device that performs cutting by moving relative to the three-dimensional direction of a shaft, the cutting tool uses a full-form Hale bite having a cross-sectional shape of a desired machining shape, and the full-form Hale bite is attached. a tool spindle having a tool holder at its tip and rotatably supported on the spindle head, and a tool spindle rotation drive device that changes the rotation angle of a C-axis about the axis of the tool spindle in accordance with a control command; , a feed drive device that changes the feed for relatively moving the workpiece and the general Hale bite in three-dimensional directions of the X, Y, and Z axes according to a control command, and the rotation angle of the C axis and A cutting device comprising: a numerical control device that outputs a control command for changing the feed of the X, Y, and Z axes. 3. A workpiece placed on a processing table movable in the X and Y axes and a cutting tool attached to a tool spindle that is rotatably indexable to a spindle head movable in the Z axis. A tool holder that holds the cutting tool in a cutting device that performs cutting by moving it relatively in a three-dimensional direction of an axis;
a connecting portion that removably connects the tool holder to the tool spindle; a C-axis drive motor that changes the rotation angle of the C-axis about the axis of the tool spindle in accordance with a control command; and a C-axis drive motor that is coupled to the C-axis drive motor. a worm gear device that transmits rotational force to the tool spindle, a housing that accommodates the worm gear device and has the C-axis drive motor attached thereto, and a rotation that locks the housing so that it does not rotate with respect to the spindle head. A cutting device characterized by being equipped with a prevention mechanism. 4. In the cutting device according to claim 3, the tool holder is incorporated into the housing via a rotation bearing, and the worm gear of the worm gear device is wedged to the tool holder. Cutting equipment. 5. The cutting device according to claim 4, wherein the tool holder has an insertion hole for the cutting tool, and a screw-adjustable stopper in the insertion hole. 6. In the cutting device according to claim 4, the rotation prevention mechanism includes a mechanical engagement structure comprising a fixing base and an arm member provided on both the spindle head and the housing. Cutting equipment.