JPH0661651B2 - Cutting method - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cutting method that uses a hail bite to relatively move a workpiece and the hail bite to perform cutting, and particularly to the cutting tool. The cutting tool is a cutting method using a general-type hail tool having a cross-sectional shape to be obtained.

[Prior art]

Conventionally, when machining a groove or the like that arbitrarily changes in the three-dimensional directions of the X, Y, and Z axes, a tool such as an end mill or a grooving cutter is used to apply a rotational force to the tool and The cutting process was performed by moving relative to each other. However, it is difficult to make a tool according to the machining shape, and the work efficiency is extremely poor. For example, the shape of one cross section to be obtained as shown in FIG. 3 is a concave groove A having a convex portion at the center, and in the X and Y planes, it can be arbitrarily changed as shown in FIG. If you are going to process the existing groove,
The end mill was inconvenient because the bottom surface could not be processed. On the other hand,
When machining the groove bottom surface B (Fig. 3), a fine end mill must be used. As a result, the processing efficiency was poor, and it was very difficult to process the convex portion C on the bottom surface of the groove.

On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-7527 of the present applicant, a simple shape electrode or a standard shape electrode is used, and a workpiece and the electrode are connected in three-dimensional directions of X, Y and Z axes. By controlling the movement of the electrode relative to the C axis and the rotation angle of the electrode about the C axis about the vertical axis as necessary.
Disclosed is a method of electric discharge generation for controlling the envelope surface to which the electrode has moved so as to have a desired shape to be obtained from the workpiece.

Furthermore, in cutting using a cutting tool such as a bite,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-6608 discloses an automatic cutting device of a saver for roughly cutting a metal material into a rough shape of a product to be manufactured. In the rough cutting of the metal material in this case, a cutting is gradually provided between the tool and the material in association with the feeding of the table on which the workpiece is mounted, and the metal material is cut to a desired depth value. However, this saver cutting method does not attempt to process an arbitrarily changing groove as shown in FIG.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

The electric discharge generating method disclosed in the former publication mentioned above is
As described above, the movement around the C-axis is performed in addition to the movement control in the three-dimensional directions of the X, Y, and Z axes, and the L-shaped or J-shaped rod-shaped electrode having a simple shape is used as the electrode to be processed. Electric discharge machining is performed while controlling the relative movement of the object and the electrode, and unnecessary parts (chips) are collectively removed from the work piece in a three-dimensional block shape to efficiently create a desired shape on the work piece. This is an electric discharge machining method that utilizes an electric discharge phenomenon, and is a technology that differs from the machining principle in terms of the machining principle, which is different from the cutting machining method that obtains a desired machining shape by cutting out chips from the workpiece by the cutting edge of a cutting tool composed of a hail bite.

On the other hand, the cutting method using the saver disclosed in the latter publication is a cutting method for performing three-dimensional processing using a shaped hail bite having a cutting edge shape that matches a desired processing shape that changes arbitrarily. The processing principle is different, and it is only possible to attach a simple shape cutting tool to the saver and perform linear cutting. In addition, the cutting method using the saver does not have the processing action of changing the feed direction of the cutting edge while rotating the cutting edge around the axis, and therefore, for example, the cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 6 is an arbitrary shape. At the same time, it is impossible to perform groove machining having a closed circuit shape when viewed in the cutting trajectory direction.

In addition, by combining the techniques disclosed in the former and the latter publications, that is, by using the latter bite in place of the former electrode, it is possible to collectively remove unnecessary portions from the workpiece in a three-dimensional block shape by X, Y. , When trying to perform cutting by performing feed control around the Z-axis and C-axis, the cutting tool must be retracted or only be rotated without feeding, which often causes problems in cutting. Grooving with an arbitrary three-dimensional shape cannot be performed.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is difficult to be achieved by various processing methods such as the above-described processing method using an end mill, electric discharge generation processing method using an electrode, and a sewer processing using a simple cutting tool. The present invention provides a method for efficiently and cleanly cutting a groove or the like that arbitrarily changes in the three-dimensional direction of the Z axis.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In view of the above-mentioned object of the present invention, the present invention provides a relative feed in the three-dimensional directions of X, Y, and Z axes between a work piece and a general-purpose hail bite to give the work piece a desired three-dimensional shape. In a cutting method for performing cutting of a machined shape, it is desirable to form a machining shape having one cross-sectional shape to be obtained in the cutting edge shape of the general-purpose hail tool, and obtain a movement locus of the tip end portion of the general-shaped hail tool. X to match the three-dimensional processed shape of
An axis line is passed through the center of the cutting edge of the general-purpose hail tool so that the relative feed in the plane of the Y-axis is given and the front surface of the cutting edge of the general-shape hail tool always maintains a right angle with respect to the forward direction in the movement trajectory of the relative feed. A cutting method in which the angle is changed while being rotated around and the Z-axis cutting feed is appropriately applied to control the relative movement between the general-purpose hail bite and the work piece to cut the work piece. Is provided.

[Action]

According to the above configuration, the tip end of the blade of the general-purpose hail bit that matches the desired three-dimensional machining shape to be obtained is moved along the movement locus determined by the three-dimensional machining shape in the plane of the X and Y axes. Relative feed operation, and while rotating around the axis passing through the center of the blade edge of the general-purpose hail tool so that the front surface of the blade edge of the general-shaped hail tool always maintains a right angle to the forward direction in the movement trajectory of the relative feed. Since the angle is changed and the Z-axis cutting feed is appropriately applied, the relative movement between the general-purpose hail bite and the workpiece is controlled, and the steps for cutting the workpiece are sequentially executed. It is possible to cut a three-dimensional processed shape to be obtained on an object.

〔Example〕

 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a mechanism diagram of an example of an apparatus used for carrying out the cutting method according to the present invention.

Reference numeral 1 is a workpiece, and 2 is a cutting tool. An X-axis and Y-axis feed mechanism 4 is provided below the column 3. The feed mechanism 4 has an X-axis feed motor 5 and a Y-axis feed motor 6 so that the workpiece can be fed in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
Is attached. A Z-axis feed mechanism 7 is provided on the top of the column 3, and the Z-axis feed mechanism 7 has a guide structure that can feed the cutting tool 2 in the Z-axis direction.
A shaft feed motor 8 is attached. A spindle head 9 is attached to a movable portion of the Z-axis feed mechanism 7, and a tool spindle 10 is provided inside the spindle head 9. The cutting tool 2 is attached to the lower part of the tool spindle 10, and the upper part of the tool spindle 10 is connected to a C-axis drive motor 11. The tool spindle 10 is rotatably supported about its axis, and its rotation angle is controlled by a C-axis drive motor 11. The rotation axis around the central axis of the tool spindle 10 is called the C axis. The numerical controller 12 controls the X-axis feed motor 5 and Y based on the given numerical control information.
A drive signal is appropriately issued to the axis feed motor 6, the Z axis feed motor 8, and the C axis drive motor 11 to drive the X axis, Y axis, Z axis, and C axis of the machine, and the workpiece 1 and the cutting tool 2 Is relatively moved in the three-dimensional direction for cutting.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a general-purpose hail bite used as a cutting tool in the present invention. The center part 22 of the cutting edge 21 is formed so as to substantially coincide with the center axis of the shaft part 23. Cutting edge 21
Is formed in one cross-sectional shape of the processed shape to be obtained.

FIG. 3 exemplifies one cross section of a groove having a machined shape to be obtained, and is a view showing a concave groove having a sectional shape A on the workpiece 1, and the concave groove has a groove bottom surface as described above. It has B and the convex part C.

4 and 5 show another embodiment of the apparatus used in the embodiment of the cutting method of the present invention. The spindle head 41 corresponds to the spindle head 9 in FIG.
Is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown). The cutting edge portion 43 of the general-purpose hail bite 23 is fixed to a coaxial portion 44, and the coaxial portion 44 is fixed to a tool holder 46 via a sleeve 45 with a fixing screw 47. The screw 48 is for adjusting the tool length, is screwed into the inside of the general-purpose hail bite 23, has an adjustment groove 63 on the end face, and the end face has a tool shaft portion 44.
It is a stopper. A worm gear 49 for rotating the tool spindle 42 is provided on the upper part of the tool holder 46 by key connection. Furthermore, the upper part is a tool holder
A taper shank 50 for connecting 46 to the tool spindle 42 is provided, and a collet 51 of the tool spindle 42 is provided via a transmission key 52.
Is combined with. The housing 53 is formed to house the worm gear 49 and the worm shaft 54, and
55 is mounted and the tool holder 46 is rotatably supported. Worm shaft 54 is bearing 56, bearing case
It is rotatably supported by the housing 53 via 57.
The C-axis drive motor 58 is fixed to the housing 53, and its output shaft 58a is connected to the worm shaft 54. Spindle head 41
The fixed base 59 attached to the housing has a recess 62, and is engaged with an arm or a pin 60 mounted on the housing 53 so that the housing 53 is connected to the spindle head 41 so as not to rotate. The limit switch 61 is used when checking the cutting edge direction of the tool. 64 is a press nut, and 65 is a seal. In this embodiment, a C-axis drive motor 58 is provided on the tool holder 46 side, and the tool spindle 42 and the general-purpose hail bite 23 are rotated about the central axis through a gear mechanism of a worm shaft 54 and a worm gear 49. This is to obtain a desired blade edge orientation. Therefore, the feed in the X, Y, and Z-axis directions in machining is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the control of the C-axis drive motor 58 is performed together with the feed motors in the X, Y, and Z-axis directions in FIG. This is achieved by the numerical control device as in the above embodiment.

Next, an example of processing using the method of the present invention will be described. Sixth
The drawing is an X, Y plan view showing the contour of a processing example, and is an example of processing a concave groove having a certain depth in the Z-axis direction. In addition, the following Table 1 shows the numerical control device 12 (first
Fig.) Shows the command data to be input, and X, Y
The minimum command unit for the Z axis is 0.001 mm, and the minimum command unit for the C axis is 0.001 degree. Further, the relationship between the movement command data of each axis and the movement direction of each axis is such that when the value of the command data is positive, the movement is in the directions of the + X, + Y, and + Z arrows shown in FIG. 1, respectively. The processing sequence will be described with reference to FIG. 6 in accordance with the sequence of command data blocks in Table 1. As an initial setting, the center 22 of the cutting edge 21 of the general-purpose hail bite 23 (Fig. 2) is placed at point A in Fig. 6 and the traveling direction with respect to the work is set in the direction of the arrow. Now, the movement in the X and Y planes will be described without considering the cutting direction of the Z axis. When the numerical controller 12 is activated to execute the command data in Table 1, only the Y axis moves in the negative direction in block (1), and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches point B. Block (2)
Then, X- and Y-axis circular interpolation and C-axis rotation angle control are performed, and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches point C. In the block (3), linear interpolation between the X and Y axes is performed, and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches the point D. In the block (4), circular interpolation of two axes of X and Y and rotation angle control of the C point are performed, and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches the E point. In the block (5), only the Y axis moves in the positive direction, and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches the point F. Similarly, in the block (13), only the Y axis moves in the negative direction, and the center 22 of the cutting edge reaches the point A from the point M. Block (14) is the end of the program.

If the cutting operation of the Z axis is associated with the operation of the X and Y planes and the cutting is repeatedly performed, it is possible to perform groove processing having a desired depth value. In FIG. 6, the arrow N indicates the cutting edge width of the general-purpose hail bite, the locus O indicates the locus of the center 22 of the cutting edge, and the loci P and Q are the loci of the contours forming the desired groove to be obtained. . As is clear from the above-described cutting operation, the method of the present invention is to form a groove having a desired shape as shown in FIG. Point B on locus O → C
Point, D point → E point, F point → G point, H point → I point, J point → K
For circular locus of point, L point → M point, etc.
The two-axis circular interpolation of X and Y described above and the rotation angle control of the C-axis are simultaneously performed so that the front surface of the blade edge 21 is always at a right angle to the tool traveling direction (direction of the arrow) along the above-described locus O. Must be done. That is, in the case of a hail bite, the shaving operation is performed by moving the X and Y axes. Therefore, if the C axis is rotated without moving the X or Y axis, the cutting edge 21 is chipped and the tool becomes unusable. Therefore, special attention must be paid when creating the NC program.

〔The invention's effect〕

As is apparent from the above, the effect of the present invention is that, without using a rotary cutting type tool, groove cutting is performed by using a general shape hail bite having one cross-sectional shape of the processing shape to be obtained,
It has become possible to cut grooves with shapes that could not be cut by cutting using an end mill or cutting with a saver, or grooves with a special narrow shape.

Further, the machining efficiency is improved as compared with the end mill machining, and the machined surface has a high precision and a clean machined surface can be obtained. Further, a method of rotating the tip of the cutting edge about an axis passing through the center of the cutting edge to change the angle is realized by mounting the C axis of the machine tool so that the axis passing through the center of the cutting edge is aligned with the center of rotation. The control program (NC program) is simplified when the machine tool is mounted with the hail bite and the cutting method of the present invention is executed.

Further, since the drive control is performed so as to give the feed in the C-axis direction while giving the feed in the X- and Y-axis directions, an unreasonable force does not act on the blade tip of the general-purpose hail bite, and thus the cutting edge is less likely to be chipped. Furthermore, with a compact attachment structure,
Since the present invention can be carried out by being attached to a machine for other uses having X, Y, and Z axis feeds, it can contribute to expanding the uses of the machine.

Table 1 (Command data) G91 G17G01 Y-150000… (1) G02 X-56457 Y-36457 I-40000 C-112364… （2） G01 X-96458 Y43542… （3） G02 X-47085 Y72915 I32915 J72915 C -67635 (4) G01 Y130000 ... (5) G02 X30000 Y30000 I30000 C-90000 ... (6) G01 X30000 ... (7) G03 X20000 Y20000 J20000 C90000 ... (8) G01 Y20000 ... (9) G02 X13880 Y25301 I30000 C- 40134… (10) G01 X44626 Y28433… (11) G02 X-61494 Y33734 I21494 J-33734 C-118251… (12) G01 Y-150000… (13) MO2… (14)

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a mechanical view of an example of an apparatus that can be used in carrying out the cutting method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a general-purpose hail bite, and FIG. 3 is a cross section of a processed shape to be obtained. FIG. 4 is a front sectional view of another example of an apparatus that can be used for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a right side view AA of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view and FIG. 6 is an X, Y plan view showing a contour of a processing example of a processing shape to be obtained. 1 …… Workpiece 2 …… Cutting tool 4 …… X-axis and Y-axis feed mechanism, 7 …… Z-axis feed mechanism 10,42 …… Tool spindle 11,58 …… C-axis drive motor 12 …… Numerical control Device 43 …… Shape tip of the general-purpose hail tool 46 …… Tool holder 49 …… Worm gear 50 …… Taper shank 53 …… Housing 54 …… Worm shaft 59 …… Fixing base 60 …… Pin

Claims (1)

[Claims] Claim: What is claimed is: 1. Between the work piece and the formed hail bite, X,
In a cutting method for performing relative cutting in a three-dimensional direction of Y and Z axes to perform cutting of a desired three-dimensional processing shape on the workpiece, one of the processing shapes to obtain the cutting edge shape of the general-purpose hail bite. Formed in a cross-sectional shape, giving relative feed within the planes of the X and Y axes so that the movement locus of the tip of the cutting edge of the general-purpose hail bite matches the desired three-dimensional machining shape to be obtained, and the general-purpose hail. The angle of the cutting tool is changed while rotating around the axis passing through the cutting edge center of the general-purpose hail tool so that the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting tool always maintains a right angle with respect to the forward direction in the relative feed movement trajectory, and the Z-axis cutting is performed. A cutting method, characterized in that feed is appropriately applied to control relative movement between the general-purpose hail bite and a workpiece to cut the workpiece.