JPH1015703A - Multifunctional lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multifunctional lathe which can high-accurately machine a diagonal hole of an arbitrary angle. SOLUTION: In a turret type tool rest 22 wherein a drive shaft 34 can be provided in a direction orthogonal to a direction of a spindle, a matching unit 72 for a diagonal hole is mounted. In this unit, tool drive force is transmitted to a tool holding shaft 80 orthogonal to a direction of the drive shaft 34 through an intermediate shaft 74. At a tip of the tool holding shaft 80, a rotary tool 84 is provided. This rotary tool 84, integral with the tool holding shaft 80 and the intermediate shaft 74, can be turned around a turn shaft 90 conformed to the drive shaft 34. By adjusting this turn angle, the rotary tool 84 can be fixed with a desired tilt angle relating to the direction of the spindle.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to
The present invention relates to a lathe for machining a workpiece driven by rotation, and more particularly to a multifunctional lathe capable of performing oblique machining such as machining of a hole having an inclined axis with respect to the rotation axis of the workpiece.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A lathe is a machine tool that performs processing by bringing a tool such as a tool into contact with a surface of a work piece that is fixed to a main spindle and rotates together with the main spindle. The basic shape is an axially symmetric shape about the rotation axis (hereinafter referred to as the Z axis). Various multi-function lathes, which are machine tools capable of performing more various processes with respect to the functions of the lathe, have been devised. For example, a multi-function lathe that processes a workpiece with a rotary tool that rotates around an axis orthogonal to the Z axis is well known. According to this multi-function lathe, by using a drill as a rotating tool, a drill can be made to abut on a workpiece from an axial direction orthogonal to the Z-axis to perform drilling in this direction.
Hereinafter, the direction orthogonal to the Z axis and in which the tool is brought into contact with the workpiece is referred to as the X axis.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a lathe in which functions are added to the above-described lathe. A spindle 14 for holding the workpiece 10 by the chuck 12 is a headstock 16.
The headstock 16 is movable on a bed (not shown) in the Z-axis direction. On the near side (lower side in the figure) of the work piece 10, a tool rest 20 which fixes a stationary tool 18 which does not move itself like a cutting tool and is movable in the X-axis direction is arranged. The tool rest 20 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 9 (hereinafter referred to as a Y-axis direction).
A plurality of knives are arranged in parallel, and the
By moving in the axial direction, a desired blade can be selected. This tool rest 20 is referred to as a comb tool rest because the shape provided with a plurality of fixing tools looks like a comb, and is hereinafter referred to as a comb tool rest 20.

A turret-type tool rest 22 is disposed at a position substantially facing the comb-shaped tool rest 20 so as to be movable in the X-axis and Z-axis directions. The turret type tool rest 22
It has a turret 24 rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis. The turret 24 can be provided with a drive shaft in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis, and can take out the driving force of the tool. Then, a rotary tool such as a drill can be attached to the drive shaft to perform processing. If the tool to be mounted is a drill, it is possible to drill a hole in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis (Z axis) of the workpiece.

[0005] The processing unit shown in FIG.
A processing unit 26 for processing a hole (oblique hole) having a predetermined inclination with respect to the axis is shown.

FIG. 10 shows the details of the processing unit 26 for processing oblique holes. The shape of the turret 24 is a substantially octagonal prism, and the side of the
8 are provided. A drive shaft 34 having bevel gears 30 and 32 at both ends is mounted in one of the unit mounting holes 28. The inner bevel gear 30 meshes with a drive bevel gear 36 driven by a tool driving motor.
A tool holding shaft 38 is disposed at a predetermined angle with respect to the drive shaft.
2 are held.

When a drill is used as a rotary tool, the rotation of the main shaft 14 is stopped, and the turret type tool rest 22 is moved in the X-axis and Z-axis directions. Drilling can be performed diagonally (with an angle of θ in the figure).

FIG. 11 shows another oblique hole processing unit 44.
It is shown. This figure shows a state where the turret 24 is viewed from the Z-axis direction. A drive shaft 34 having bevel gears 30 and 32 at both ends is arranged in the unit mounting hole 28 as in the example of FIG. Oblique hole processing unit 44
A first intermediate shaft 5 having a bevel gear 46 at one end for meshing with the bevel gear 32 of the drive shaft 34 and a spur gear 48 at the other end.
0 and a second intermediate shaft 54 having at one end a spur gear 52 that meshes with the spur gear 48. The second intermediate shaft 54 is further provided with a bevel gear 56, and a tool holding shaft 58
Is engaged with the bevel gear 60 provided at the second position. This tool holding shaft 58 is arranged coaxially with the drive shaft 34. The rotating portion 62 including the tool holding shaft 58 is rotatable around a rotating shaft 64 coinciding with the center axis of the second intermediate shaft 54, and by setting this rotating angle to a desired value, The angle θ with respect to the Z axis can be set arbitrarily.

[0009]

The conventional machining unit 26 for oblique hole machining shown in FIG. 10 has a fixed tool angle θ, and requires a separate machining unit for each angle θ. . Therefore, it is necessary to prepare many processing units for processing oblique holes at different angles,
There has been a problem that the labor for designing and manufacturing and the space for storing unused processing units increase.

Further, in the case of the oblique hole machining unit 44 shown in FIG. 11, the distance between the two bearings supporting the tool holding shaft cannot be increased due to dimensional restrictions.
That is, since the moving range of the turret type tool rest 22 is limited, the distance from the side surface of the turret 24 to the tool tip is naturally limited, and the two intermediate shafts and the tool holding shaft are arranged under this constraint. There is a need. Therefore, there is a problem that the distance between the bearings is restricted, and sufficient rigidity cannot be secured.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has a processing unit for oblique holes capable of forming a hole at a desired angle and securing sufficient rigidity. The purpose is to provide a multifunctional lathe.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a multifunctional lathe according to the present invention grips a workpiece, drives the workpiece to rotate, and rotates a workpiece in a first axial direction of the rotation.
A main shaft movable in the axial direction of the workpiece and a drive shaft for applying a driving force to a rotary tool for processing the workpiece are arranged in a second axial direction orthogonal to the first axis, and at least the first
A tool rest movable in a third axial direction orthogonal to both the axis and the second axis, and holding at least one of the rotating tools, arranged along a plane orthogonal to the second axis; And a processing unit that includes a tool holding shaft that can rotate in the plane and is attached to the tool rest.

According to this configuration, since the tool holding shaft is pivotable in a plane perpendicular to the second axis, the rotary tool can be positioned at an arbitrary angle with respect to the first axis. Then, by relatively moving the main spindle and the tool post, it is possible to perform a boring process or the like at the aforementioned angle. Also, since the tool holding shaft is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the drive shaft,
The distance between the bearings supporting the tool holding shaft can be increased, and the rigidity can be increased.

Further, in the above-mentioned multi-function lathe, the machining unit may apply a driving force from a driving shaft of the tool post to the machining unit.
The power may be transmitted to the tool holding shaft via at least one intermediate shaft provided in parallel with the tool holding shaft. According to this configuration, even when the distance between the tool rest and the tool holding shaft is increased, the processing unit does not become unnecessarily large.

Further, in any of the above-mentioned multi-function lathes, one of the rotary tools may be arranged in front of a drive shaft of the tool rest. According to this configuration, an increase in the moving amount of the turret is suppressed.

Further, in any of the above-mentioned multifunctional lathes, the tool holding shaft may hold a rotary tool at both ends thereof. According to this configuration, it is possible to cope with processing of products having more various shapes.

A machining method using a multi-function lathe according to the present invention is a machining method using the above-mentioned multi-function lathe, wherein the rotation of the main shaft is stopped and the tool holding shaft of the machining unit is turned. To the desired orientation. And
Moving the tool rest or the spindle in a first axial direction,
In synchronization with this, the tool rest is moved in the third axial direction. These movements are controlled in accordance with the direction in which the tool holding shaft is positioned, whereby the workpiece and the tool holding shaft perform a predetermined relative movement, and the workpiece is subjected to oblique machining.

According to this processing method, if a drill is used as a tool, a hole having an axis that is oblique to the first axis can be processed. In addition, if an end mill is used as a tool, cuts of various shapes can be formed on the side surface of the workpiece.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as embodiments) will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a main configuration of a multi-function lathe according to the present embodiment. The same components as those of the conventional device shown in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

The tip of the work piece 10 passes through the guide bush 66. That is, the work piece 10 is supported by the guide bush 66, suppresses bending due to the cutting reaction force received from the blade, and secures processing accuracy. The headstock 16 is movable in the Z-axis direction, and the control axis in this movement direction is the Z1 axis.

The control axes of the comb-shaped tool rest 20 are two axes: an X1 axis which is a direction in which the workpiece is cut by a tool, and a Y1 axis which is orthogonal to each of the X1 axis and the Z1 axis. . The X1 axis is an axis orthogonal to the Z1 axis in the plane of FIG. 1, and the Y1 axis is an axis orthogonal to the plane of FIG. The control axes of the turret type tool rest 22 include an X2 axis which is a direction in which the workpiece is cut by a tool, a Z2 axis parallel to the Z1 axis, and X
It is three axes of two axes and a Y2 axis orthogonal to each of the Z2 axes.
Also, as described above, the comb-shaped tool rest 20 and the turret-shaped tool rest 2
When the two are arranged to face each other with the work piece interposed therebetween, the directions of the two control axes X1 and X2 coincide and the directions are opposite.

In this embodiment, a second headstock 68 is arranged to face the headstock 16. Hereinafter, the headstock 16 will be referred to as the first headstock 1 to distinguish it from the second headstock 68.
This will be described as 6. The second headstock 68 is the first headstock 1
The right end of the work piece 10 processed in
The workpiece 10 can be received from the first headstock 16 and rotated. With the second headstock 68, it is possible to perform processing near the left end of the work piece 10, particularly, a portion gripped by the first headstock 16. In addition, the stepped part where the left side is thinner
It is preferable to perform the processing while holding the headstock 68. The second headstock 68 is movable in the Z-axis direction, and its control axis is the Z3 axis.

A state in which a processing unit 72 for oblique holes is attached to the turret type tool rest 22 is shown, and a detailed configuration of the processing unit 72 is shown in FIG. A drive shaft 34 having bevel gears 30 and 32 at both ends is disposed in the unit mounting hole 28 as in the conventional device. The outer bevel gear 32 meshes with a bevel gear 76 fixed to one end of the intermediate shaft 74. A spur gear 78 is provided at the other end of the intermediate shaft 74. A tool holding shaft 80 is arranged parallel to the intermediate shaft 74, and has a spur gear 78 at one end thereof.
Is arranged. A rotating tool 84 is attached to the other end of the tool holding shaft 80. Therefore, the driving force from the driving bevel gear 36 in the turret 24 is transmitted to the rotary tool 84 via the driving shaft 34, the intermediate shaft 74, and the tool holding shaft 80.

The case 86 accommodating the intermediate shaft 74 and the tool holding shaft 80 is provided with a positioning plate 8 fixed to the turret 24.
8, a pivot axis 90 which coincides with the central axis of the drive shaft 34
It is possible to turn around.

FIG. 3 is a view in the direction of arrow A shown in FIG. 2, that is, a view in which the mating surface of the positioning plate 88 with the turret 24 is viewed from the turret side. Further, FIG. 4 shows a partially cutaway view in the direction of arrow B in FIG.
The positioning plate 88 is provided with two stepped long holes 92 along an arc centered on the turning shaft 90, and a hexagon socket head bolt 94 is accommodated therein. The bolt 94 is screwed into a screw hole 96 provided in a case 86 of the processing unit. Therefore, the case 86 is provided with the stepped slot 9.
It is possible to pivot with respect to the positioning plate 88 in the range of 2. As shown in FIG. 4, an angle gauge 98 is provided on the side surface of the positioning plate 88, and the angle of the axis of the rotary tool can be set by adjusting the position gauge 100 on the case side to this. After adjusting this angle to a desired angle and fixing it with a hexagon socket head bolt 94,
When the positioning plate 88 is fixed to the turret 24, the rotating tool can be fixed at a predetermined angle with respect to the Z-axis direction.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which the turret 24 is viewed from the direction of the turning shaft 90 by rotating the processing unit by the angle θ. By using a drill as a rotating tool and controlling the Y2 axis and the Z2 axis, which are control axes of the turret tool post 22, an oblique hole having an angle θ with respect to the workpiece 10 can be formed as shown in the figure. Also, by performing synchronous control of the control axis Y2 axis of the turret type tool rest and the control axis Z1 axis of the headstock 16, similar oblique hole processing is possible.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, one processing unit can cope with an oblique hole having an arbitrary angle. Therefore, it is necessary to manufacture and store processing units for each angle. Disappears. Further, since the tool holding shaft 80 is disposed in a direction orthogonal to the drive shaft 34 having a relatively large margin, it is possible to set a large distance between the two bearings supporting the tool holding shaft 80. it can. Therefore, tool holding rigidity can be secured, and a high-precision, high-quality product can be manufactured.

Further, in the present embodiment, since the rotary tool 84 is disposed substantially in front of the drive shaft 34 as shown in the figure, the relative value between the machining position and the turret 24 is large even if the angle of the tool is changed. Will not change. Further, the processing position of the rotary tool arranged coaxially with the drive shaft and the processing position in the case of the oblique hole do not largely change. As described above, the turret-type tool rest 22 and the first
The movement amount of the headstock 16 or the second headstock 68 does not increase.

FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show other examples of the arrangement of the rotary tools of the machining unit. The processing unit shown in FIG. 6 differs from the processing unit in FIG. 2 in the configuration of the tool holding shaft. That is, the first rotary tool 104 and the second rotary tool 106 are disposed at both ends of the tool holding shaft 102, respectively. By arranging the two tools in opposite directions, in FIG. 1 and the like, a diagonal hole from right to left,
Both diagonal holes from left to right can be machined.

The machining unit shown in FIG. 7 is configured such that the tool holding shaft 108 is directly driven by the drive shaft without passing through the intermediate shaft with respect to the machining unit shown in FIG.
When the distance from the tip of the drive shaft 34 to the rotary tool 110 is small, the diameter of the bevel gear does not increase so much, so such a configuration can be adopted. vice versa,
In the machining unit shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, by providing the intermediate shaft, the distance from the tip of the drive shaft to the rotary tool can be increased while suppressing an increase in size.

The machining unit shown in FIG. 8 is configured such that the tool holding shaft 112 is directly driven by the drive shaft without passing through the intermediate shaft with respect to the machining unit shown in FIG. The shaft 112 is provided at an end opposite to the drive shaft 34 side.

In the above description, the rotary tool is described as a drill. However, in the case of processing with another rotary tool such as an end mill, oblique processing can be performed by using the above-described processing unit.

In this embodiment, the description has been made using a lathe on which the headstock is slidable. However, a control axis for performing an oblique machining on the toolhead side, for example, a blade in place of the Z1 axis of the headstock If it has a Z2 axis, it can be applied to a lathe with a fixed spindle.

[0034]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the tool holding shaft is pivotable in a plane perpendicular to the X axis, it is possible to position a rotary tool at an arbitrary angle with respect to the Z axis. And
By relatively moving the main shaft and the tool post, it is possible to perform drilling at the above-described angle. Therefore, it is not necessary to manufacture and store a processing unit for each angle.

Further, since the tool holding shaft is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the drive shaft, the distance between bearings supporting the tool holding shaft can be made large, and the rigidity can be increased. Therefore, machining can be performed with high accuracy, and deterioration of the quality of the machined surface due to chatter of the tool or the like can be prevented.

Further, when the driving force from the driving shaft of the tool rest is transmitted to the tool holding shaft via an intermediate shaft, the size of the tool rest and the tool holding shaft can be increased without increasing the size of the machining unit. Since the distance can be increased, a structure capable of appropriately preventing interference during processing can be obtained.

Further, when one of the rotary tools is arranged in front of the drive shaft of the tool post, it is possible to suppress an increase in the moving amount of the turret.

Further, if the rotary tool is held at both ends of the tool holding shaft, it is possible to cope with the processing of products having various shapes.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a main configuration of a preferred embodiment of a multifunctional lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a processing unit for oblique holes according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram relating to an angle setting of a processing unit for an oblique hole according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram relating to an angle setting of a processing unit for oblique holes according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which the processing unit for oblique holes according to the present embodiment is set at an angle θ.

FIG. 6 is a view showing another configuration of a processing unit for oblique holes.

FIG. 7 is a view showing still another configuration of the processing unit for oblique holes.

FIG. 8 is a view showing still another configuration of the processing unit for oblique holes.

FIG. 9 is an example of a conventional multi-function lathe having an oblique hole machining function.

10 is a diagram showing a configuration of a processing unit for oblique holes of the multifunctional lathe shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a view showing another example of a conventional multi-function lathe having an oblique hole machining function.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 workpieces, 14 spindles, 16 headstocks (first
Headstock), 22 turret type tool post, 24 turrets,
28 unit mounting hole, 34 drive shaft, 68 second headstock, 72 machining unit, 74 intermediate shaft, 80 tool holding shaft, 84 rotary tool, 86 case, 88 positioning plate, 90 turning shaft.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A main spindle which grips a workpiece and rotationally drives it to move in a first axial direction which is the axis of rotation, and a drive which applies a driving force to a rotary tool for processing the workpiece. A tool rest having an axis disposed in a second axis direction orthogonal to the first axis and movable in at least a third axis direction orthogonal to both the first axis and the second axis; A processing unit that holds at least one tool, is disposed along a plane orthogonal to the second axis, includes a tool holding shaft that can pivot in the plane, and is attached to the tool post. lathe. 2. The multi-function lathe according to claim 1, wherein
The multi-function lathe, wherein the machining unit transmits a driving force from a driving shaft of the tool post to the tool holding shaft via at least one intermediate shaft provided in parallel with the tool holding shaft. 3. The multi-function lathe according to claim 1, wherein one of the rotary tools is arranged in front of a drive shaft of the tool rest. 4. The multi-function lathe according to claim 1, wherein said tool holding shaft holds a rotating tool at both ends thereof. 5. A processing method using the multi-function lathe according to claim 1, wherein the rotation of the main shaft is stopped, the tool holding shaft of the processing unit is turned to position the tool in a desired direction, and the cutting tool is provided. Moving the table or the spindle in a first axial direction,
By synchronously moving the tool rest in the third axial direction, the workpiece and the tool held by the tool holding shaft are relatively moved in accordance with the direction of the tool holding shaft,
A processing method for performing oblique processing on the workpiece.