JPS6337800Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] This invention relates to an artificial seedling that can produce rice seedlings suitable for being transplanted by a rice transplanter. The rice seedlings are characterized by being constructed so that rice seedlings can be obtained by sowing dried rice seeds and adding necessary conditions such as watering.

Seedlings transplanted by machine require different conditions than those transplanted by hand. The first is that the seedlings are young, the second is that the plant height of each seedling is almost the same, and the third is that the seedlings have strong rooting ability. It has 3 to 3.5 leaves, and the plant height is
Seedlings that are 12 to 14 cm long and are hand-planted with 6 to 7 leaves are called adult seedlings, but adult seedlings are often bent or damaged when transplanted by machine, and young seedlings are better. It's advantageous. If the second seedlings are uneven, the planting depth is uniform regardless of size, so the seedlings that float above the rest of the seedlings are planted shallower, causing bulge and stuffiness. The third type of rooting power is that young seedlings have sufficient rooting power even when the water temperature is 1 to 2 degrees lower than that of adult seedlings, and can also withstand herbicides. For these reasons, mechanical transplantation is most advantageous for young seedlings, and in recent years, seedlings with soil have been produced using seedling boxes.

However, when producing young seedlings, each farmer purchases soil that will serve as the bed soil, disinfects it, and adjusts the pH, and also secures the required number of seedling boxes, disinfects the boxes, then fills them with the soil and selects them. It took a lot of time and effort to prepare the seeds, disinfect them, soak them in water, and sow the seeds until they became pigeon-like. Therefore, in order to save the above-mentioned time and effort, we put artificial bed soil, seed mash, and
Research has been carried out to create seedlings by providing containers containing fertilizer and water when needed, but nothing has been found to be satisfactory. In other words, all of the sown seeds did not germinate uniformly.

Research on this idea focused on the above points, and as a result of the research, we succeeded in developing a new artificial seedling seedling.

The water absorption rate of rice seeds differs depending on the temperature difference, and according to experiments, it takes about 35 hours and 20 hours at 30℃ to absorb 25% of the moisture required for germination.
It takes about 60 hours at ℃, about 100 hours at 1℃,
At low temperatures of 1°C or lower, the seedlings become inactive and their physiological functions cease, and this occurs earliest when the water temperature is 30°C. Therefore, dry rice seeds are immersed in water at 30°C, and in 20 to 25 hours, the water absorption reaches 15%, which starts germination activity, and absorption energy metabolism rapidly increases, and more carbon dioxide gas is generated. Become. Carbon dioxide gas is extremely harmful to germination and greatly impairs germination. Furthermore, it is important that the environment of the rice seeds that are trying to germinate is acidic; seeds will germinate even if the pH of the water in which they are soaked is 3, but if the water is neutral or alkaline, they will not germinate at all,
5 has been found to be the best condition for germination. Two days after germination under the above conditions, coleoptile leaves about 1 cm long appear, but the problem of removing carbon dioxide gas still remains unsolved.

This invention is characterized by the use of calcium peroxide to remove carbon dioxide gas, and when the generated carbon dioxide gas reacts with calcium peroxide, it becomes calcium carbonate, and calcium peroxide slowly reacts with water. Since it generates oxygen and becomes slaked lime, carbon dioxide gas is removed until germination and oxygen is supplied, making it possible to keep the seeds in an extremely favorable environment. However, in the above environment, PH adjustment has not been solved yet, and PH4
As a result of searching for a substance that possesses ~5, an attempt was made to use gypsum.

Since gypsum is easily available and has strong acidity, it has a strong sterilizing effect on pathogenic bacteria such as potato blast and chive fungus, and there is no need for strict disinfection as in the past. However, when gypsum absorbs water, it becomes a hard lump, making it unsuitable as a bed soil for raising seedlings. It is desirable that the bed soil be soft like mud when it absorbs water, and firm like a board when it is dry.

In this project, we have further researched and developed an ideal seedling bed. As shown in the drawing, the structure is as shown in the drawing. A bed layer 2 with the composition shown below is provided in a seedling nursery box 1, and an intermediate layer containing seed rice 3 is placed on the bed layer 2. A covering layer 5 is laid through a layer 4, and the seedling raising box 1 is made of synthetic resin and has internal dimensions of 60 cm in length, 30 cm in width, and 3 cm in depth. There is 5400c.c. Moreover, the bottom of the seedling growing box 1 of the present invention does not have holes, whereas conventional boxes have holes.

Floor layer 2 is foamed resin (foamed into a spongy shape)
Finely crush the grains into small grains of 3 to 5 mm mesh size, mix with paper pulp, gypsum powder, fine particles of calcium peroxide, and fertilizers such as nitrogen, potassium chloride, and superphosphate lime, and add water. Fill the mixed mixture into seedling box 1 to a thickness of about 2 cm.
Dry and form into a plate. In addition, the volume of floor layer 2 is
3600 c.c., but the ratio of gypsum and calcium peroxide mixed is 10% to 11% gypsum, 7% to 8% calcium peroxide, and small particles of paper pulp and foamed resin. at 80%
The two are mixed at a ratio of 1:1 or around that.

The small particles of foamed resin have many small pores and have excellent water retention, and each small pore is filled with gypsum, calcium peroxide, pulp, and fertilizer, so even when soaked with water, it does not harden and becomes muddy. However, once the water contained in the foamed resin is released, the water absorption becomes very poor, but since the small pores are filled with pulp, the water absorption becomes weak again. Well kept. Note that it is preferable to lay paper on the bottom of the seedling raising box 1.

The intermediate layer 4 has the same composition as the floor layer 2, in which small foamed resin particles, paper pulp, gypsum powder, fine particles of calcium peroxide, and fertilizer are kneaded with water.
Dry seed rice 3 is kneaded and spread on the dry bed layer 2 to a thickness of about 5 mm. The mixing ratio of gypsum and calcium peroxide is gypsum 30
%, calcium peroxide 25%, and seed rice 3
It is most appropriate to have about 320 grains per 10 cm ² when laid in the middle layer 4. If you sow more seeds than necessary, the seeds will overlap one another, and when they germinate, the lower fir may lift the upper fir, or the seedlings will appear at uneven positions, which may result in the height of the plant when it becomes a young seedling. Causes the unevenness of the Therefore, the above figure generally means that about 75 plants are planted per 3.3 cm ² (1 tsubo) of rice field, and in the case of mechanical transplanting, the average is 4 plants per plant (3 in the case of hand-planting). Also, if 10 are (300 tsubo) of rice fields require 13 boxes for raising seedlings, each box would require an average of 7,000 seeds. It was calculated by dividing the required number of seeds by the area of the box.

The covering layer 5 protects the shapes of the floor layer 2 and the intermediate layer 4, prevents moisture contained in the floor layer 2 and the intermediate layer 4 from escaping, and prevents oxygen from dissipating. Furthermore, in the covering layer 5, if the carbon dioxide gas generated from the seed rice accumulates in the covering layer 5, it will harm germination, and if the seed rice contains water, the volume increases by about 20% and flows into the covering layer 5. It's exciting. Considering these conditions, similar to the floor layer 2 mentioned above, in addition to small particles of foamed resin and paper pulp, gypsum, calcium peroxide, and fertilizer were mixed, kneaded with water, and covered with a thickness of about 3 mm. . The ratio of gypsum to calcium peroxide is 540 c.c. if the volume of the covering layer 5 is 3 mm, so it is preferable to include about 30% gypsum and 27% calcium peroxide.

The artificial seedling according to this invention has the above structure.If the seedling is saturated with water and placed indoors at a temperature of about 32 degrees, it will germinate in about 2.5 days.
After 4 days, the seedlings will be ready for transplantation. During this time, each layer 2, 4, and 5 contains gypsum, calcium peroxide, and fertilizer, so carbon dioxide gas is removed and necessary oxygen is supplied, and water and oxygen are introduced into the small pores of the foamed resin. The seeds are filled and retained by the pores, and the roots penetrate into the pores to promote growth. It was clear through experiments that most of the sown seeds germinated, and the roots had a strong rooting power. It was successfully grown into a young seedling.

Therefore, if the artificial seedling system of this invention is adopted, the desired seedlings can be obtained by simply providing water and temperature, since the seeds have already been sown.
This saves farmers the trouble of preparing seedlings using seedling boxes, and allows them to easily produce young seedlings in time for transplanting. In addition, gypsum and calcium peroxide promote the growth of seedlings after they are planted.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an artificial seedling according to this invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway plan view. 1...Seedling box, 2...Bed layer, 3...Seed fir, 4
...middle layer, 5...covering layer.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A bed layer 2 made of small particles of foamed resin, paper pulp, gypsum powder, fine particles of calcium peroxide, and fertilizer kneaded with water is provided at the bottom of the seedling raising box 1, which has no holes in the bottom. An intermediate layer 4 having the same composition as the bed layer 2 and mixed with seed rice 3 is mixed with various types of rice 3.
The intermediate layer 4 is provided with a thickness that is sufficient to bury the seed rice 3 in a horizontal position without overlapping vertically, and a covering layer 5 having a composition similar to that of the bed layer 2 is provided on the intermediate layer 4. An artificial seedling layer characterized by being laid in a state that is slightly thinner than the thickness of 4.