JPH10257820A - Seedling raising culture soil and method for raising seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To save the handling time of fertilizing work by including phosphoric fertilizer required in a farm in a culture soil. SOLUTION: Mat-shaped culture soil 5 is produced by phosphoric fertilizer particles (citric soluble phosphate concentration being 35wt.% and water soluble phosphate relative containing quantity being 5.7) and a water holding material (the mixture of a vermiculite with a peat-moss). The mat-shaped culture soil is put in the base part of a seedling box 7 and, on it, the uniform mixture of non-manure soil with seedling raising chemical fertilizer (containing nitrogen, phosphate and a potash) is filled as a bed soil layer 9. When seeds 10 are sowed on the seedling raising culture soil D, the grown-up seedling becomes a state where the phosphoric fertilizer particles are held in a root part.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a seedling cultivation soil for cultivating seedlings such as paddy rice in a seedling box and a method of raising seedlings using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, rice seedlings have been cultivated in a seedling box for a predetermined period of time and then transplanted to Honda. In order to obtain proper growth, nitrogen and phosphate are mainly used as fertilizer components. ,
Potassium (potassium) is required. Then, the normal nursery bed, in order from the bottom side of the seedling box, supports the seedlings and a floor soil layer that retains the water necessary for raising the seedlings, a fertilizer / seed paddy layer that is a mixture of fertilizer and seed or a separate layer, And a soil cover layer consisting of granular soil.
Since water cannot be supplied from the soil layer side for 10 days to 10 days), sufficient moisture is contained in the floor soil layer before soil covering, and this water is supplied to the seed rice.

[0003] In recent years, the development of slow-release fertilizers in which the initial elution amount of fertilizer components has been suppressed has led to the supply of fertilizer in an amount required for both raising seedlings in a seedling box and harvesting in Honda. It has been proposed that the fertilizer be present in the soil to reduce the labor of fertilization work.

As one example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-58439
The publication discloses a mat-type soil for raising seedlings formed by pressurizing a mixture of the slow-release fertilizer and a water retention material, or a mixture of the slow-release fertilizer between water retention materials in a layered manner. Have been. This mat-shaped soil is formed by integrally forming a bed layer and a fertilizer layer of a normal nursery, and is used by adding water before soil covering, and the water retention material supports the seedling, It is for supplying water to the seed rice at least until the seed rice germinates.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-277190 discloses that as a slow-release fertilizer, the cumulative elution rate at 25 ° C. for 30 days is 10% or less, 5% or less, and 3% or less. A slow-release mat-like fertilizer is disclosed in which such sigmoid-type slow-release fertilizer particles are exposed on both sides using a significantly smaller sigmoid-type elution. The slow-release mat-like fertilizer has a structure in which seeds sown in the fertilizer actively contact the slow-release fertilizer particles.

[0006]

However, the slow-release fertilizer described above is one in which the fertilizer particles have been subjected to an elution rate reduction treatment with an organic substance. It is produced by forming on the surface of granular fertilizer.

[0007] Therefore, there is a problem that an organic film or the like remains in the soil of Honda. In addition, the cost of the slow-release fertilizer is increased by the time required for the treatment for reducing the elution rate such as forming a resin film on the fertilizer particles. Also,
The whole amount of the fertilizer component may remain in the coating without being eluted, and the fertilizer component may be wasted. In addition, since it is difficult to reduce the dissolution rate of phosphate fertilizer with organic substances, in practice, the amount of phosphate fertilizer required in Honda was often sprayed on Honda at the time of transplantation.

[0008] The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and aims to reduce the labor of fertilizing work by incorporating the necessary phosphate fertilizer in the seedling cultivation soil in Honda. And

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is to provide a phosphate fertilizer particle containing at least soluble phosphoric acid as a main component and not subjected to an elution rate reduction treatment with an organic substance. And a solid water retention material that retains the water required for raising the seedlings and supports the seedlings.

As the water retention material, granular or powdery soil as used in conventional seedling raising may be used. In addition, as water retention materials other than soil, minerals such as vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, bentonite, rock wool, peat moss, coconut husk (lumps or fibrous substances alone, or a mixture of lump and fibrous substances) ,bark,
Wood pulp, rice husk, sawdust, plants such as charcoal, natural polymers such as starch and carboxymethyl cellulose and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate,
Polyethylene oxide, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycol and the like, materials having a large water retention amount,
One of these may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination. Moreover, you may mix and use these and soil.

The effective phosphoric acid contained in the phosphate fertilizer is classified into water-soluble phosphoric acid, soluble phosphoric acid, and soluble phosphoric acid according to its solubility. Water-soluble phosphoric acid is soluble in water (neutral), soluble phosphoric acid is soluble in aqueous ammonium citrate (alkaline), and soluble phosphoric acid is soluble in aqueous 2% citric acid (acidic). Are fast acting, whereas soluble and sparingly soluble are slow acting.

[0012] This seedling culture is used as phosphate fertilizer particles.
By using a slow-acting, soluble phosphate-based material, the elution of the phosphate component during seedling raising is slightly suppressed, and the necessary phosphate fertilizer can be brought to Honda during transplantation. . Further, since the phosphate fertilizer particles have not been subjected to an organic substance dissolution rate reduction treatment, no organic substance coating or the like remains in the soil of Honda, and the labor required for production is reduced.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the seedling cultivation soil according to the first aspect, the phosphate fertilizer particles and the water retaining material are combined with a water-soluble binder to form an integral mat. Provide cultivation soil.

The water retention materials usable here include vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, bentonite,
Minerals such as rock wool, peat moss, coconut shells (lumps or fibrous substances alone or a mixture of lump and fibrous substances), bark, wood pulp, rice husk, sawdust, charcoal and other plants, starch And materials having a large water retention amount, such as natural polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose and derivatives thereof, and synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, and polyethylene glycol. May be used, or two or more kinds may be used as a mixture.

Examples of the water-soluble binder include starches such as corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, potato starch, tapioca starch, seaweed extracts such as sodium alginate and agar, and gum arabic and tragacanth gum. Vegetable resinous adhesives, derivatives of natural polymers such as carboxymethyl starch and carboxymethyl cellulose, and synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and sodium polyacrylate are exemplified.

[0016] The mat-shaped seedling culture is, for example,
The above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-58439 or JP-A-8-58439.
It can be manufactured by the method described in Japanese Patent No. 277190.

[0017] The invention of claim 3 provides the seedling cultivation soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phosphate fertilizer particles do not contain water-soluble phosphoric acid. When water-soluble phosphoric acid is present at the time of germination of seeds, germination disorders are likely to occur, but germination disorders do not occur because this seedling culture medium does not contain water-soluble phosphoric acid.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the seedling cultivation soil according to the first or second aspect, wherein the phosphate fertilizer particles are a guaranteed component by weight and have a ratio of 15 or less when the soluble phosphoric acid is 100. Provided is a seedling raising soil characterized by containing water-soluble phosphoric acid.

When water-soluble phosphoric acid is present at the time of germination of seeds, germination disorders are apt to occur. However, germination disorders are less likely to occur in this seedling culture medium because the content of water-soluble phosphoric acid is not more than a predetermined amount. The invention of claim 5 provides the seedling cultivation soil according to claim 4, wherein at least one surface of the mat has no phosphate fertilizer particles exposed.

When seeds are sown on the surface where the phosphate fertilizer particles are not exposed using the mat-shaped seedling cultivation soil, even if the seeds are sown directly on the mat surface, phosphorus containing water-soluble phosphoric acid is used. Acid fertilizer particles do not come into contact with seeds. Thereby, germination failure of seeds can be prevented without providing a buffer layer between the mat and the seeds.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the seedling cultivation medium according to the first to fifth aspects, wherein in addition to the phosphate fertilizer particles, slow-release fertilizer particles containing at least one component of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are provided. Provide seedling cultivation soil.

The slow-release fertilizer particles containing at least one component of a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer include those described in JP-A-8-27.
Slow release fertilizer particles that dissolve in a sigmoid type as shown in JP-A-7190. In addition, among the slow-release fertilizer particles that elute sigmoid-type, the initial elution characteristics of the fertilizer component are 0 to 10 at a cumulative elution rate of 30 days in water at 25 ° C.
%, More preferably 0 to 5%, and even more preferably 0 to 3%.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a nursery is formed by arranging phosphate fertilizer particles on the lower side using at least one of the seedling cultivation media according to the first to sixth aspects, and forming an upper part of the nursery. And a method of raising seedlings, characterized by sowing seeds in the seedlings.

According to this method, the grown seedling is in a state of holding phosphate fertilizer particles at the root, and the root has an appropriate weight. This makes it easier for the seedlings to be planted in an upright state when transplanted to Honda.

[0025]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples. [Example 1: Raising seedling experiment in which the water-soluble phosphoric acid concentration of the phosphate fertilizer particles was changed] First, the relative content of the water-soluble phosphoric acid when the water-soluble phosphoric acid was the main component and the water-soluble phosphoric acid was 100 ( Components guaranteed by weight) are 63, 49, 2 respectively
Phosphate fertilizer particles of 9, 17, 15, 11, and 5.7 (35-40% by weight of soluble phosphoric acid in the particles: guaranteed component) were prepared. Phosphate fertilizer particles containing only soluble phosphoric acid without containing water-soluble phosphoric acid as effective phosphoric acid were also prepared.

Here, the relative content of the water-soluble phosphoric acid is 6
Those with 3, 49, 29, 15, 5.7, and 0 were prepared by purchasing commercially available phosphate fertilizer particles. In addition, the relative content of water-soluble phosphoric acid is 17 and 11
Was prepared by trial production using the same manufacturing method as that of a commercially available product.

Next, as shown in FIG.
A phosphate fertilizer particle (particle diameter of 2 to 4 mm) 4 of 00 g, 600 g, or 900 g and a granular fertilizer 8 containing nitrogen and potash 20 g (an amount in which both the nitrogen content and the potash content become 2 g), A predetermined amount of the fertilizer soil 6 (an amount corresponding to the total weight of 3200 g according to the amount of the phosphate fertilizer particles 4) was uniformly mixed to fill the seedling cultivation soil A. That is, the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are present on the upper surface of the seedling cultivation soil A.

As shown in FIG. 2, 300 g, 600 g, or 900 g of the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are densely filled in the bottom of the seedling box 7, and a granular fertilizer 8 containing nitrogen and potassium is further placed thereon. 20g (both nitrogen and potassium content are 2g
) And a predetermined amount of the fertilizer-free soil 6 (the amount of the total weight becomes 3200 g according to the amount of the phosphate fertilizer particles 4) was filled to form a seedling-raising soil B. That is, the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are not present on the upper surface of the seedling cultivation soil B.

As a comparative example, as shown in FIG.
In 3200 g of the fertilizer-free soil 6, 20 g of a chemical fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphoric acid: potassium = 10: 10: 10) 81 for raising seedlings,
The seedlings were uniformly mixed and filled in the seedling box 7 to form seedling cultivation soil C. The contents of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium contained in the seedling cultivation soil C are all 2 g.

A predetermined amount of water is applied to each of the seedling cultivation soils A, B, and C so that the whole contains saturated water, and the seedlings that have been sufficiently immersed in water and subjected to a sprout treatment at 30 ° C. (Sprouting paddy) 10 was evenly sown in a 120 g surface, and further, fertilizer-free granular soil (covering soil) 12 was evenly placed in a 1 kg surface to cover the upper part of the seed rice. Thereafter, customary nursery management was similarly performed for all the seedling cultures, and the germination state of the seed rice and the subsequent growth state of the seedlings were visually observed.

The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.

[0032]

[Table 1]

[0033]

[Table 2]

[0034]

[Table 3]

As can be seen from this example, although there is a slight difference depending on the content of the phosphate fertilizer particles and the form of the seedling cultivation soil, the relative content of the water-soluble phosphoric acid of the used phosphate fertilizer particles (guaranteed component by weight) When the ratio of the soluble phosphoric acid to 100 is 15 or less, the growth state is stably normal. The relative content of the water-soluble phosphoric acid is preferably 11 or less, more preferably 5.7 or less.

Also, the form of the seedling cultivation is as shown in FIG.
When the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are present on the upper surface of the seedling cultivation soil, the seed rice 10 comes into contact with the phosphate fertilizer particles 4, and particularly when the content of water-soluble phosphoric acid is high, poor germination is likely to occur. There is a tendency. Therefore, when the water-soluble phosphoric acid content of the phosphate fertilizer particles is high, as shown in FIG. 2, the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 should be present at the bottom of the seedling box 7 so as not to contact the seed rice 10. Is preferred. [Example 2: Raising seedling experiment using different water retention materials (No. 1)] A mixture of vermiculite and peat moss (vermiculite: peat moss = 3: 2 by volume ratio) as the water retention material 6 instead of the soil used in Example 1. Example 1 except that
1 and 2 in the same manner as in FIG.
Was formed. Among the phosphate fertilizer particles, among those used in Example 1, the relative content of water-soluble phosphoric acid (guaranteed component by weight) when the soluble phosphoric acid was 100, was 29.
And 5.7 were used.

As a comparative example, the same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that the same mixture of vermiculite and peat moss was used as the water retention material 6 instead of the soil used in Example 1.
In the same manner as in (1), seedling culture soil C having the form shown in FIG. 3 was formed (No. 10).

After the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed on each of the seedling cultures, seeds were sown and covered in the same manner as in Example 1, and customary seedling management was performed. Then, the germination state of the seed rice and the subsequent growth state of the seedlings were visually observed.

The results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0040]

[Table 4]

Comparison of No. 31-1 to No. 31-6 in this table with No. 3-1 to No. 3-6 in Table 1 and
No. 71-1 to No. 71-6 and No. 7-1 to No. 7 in Table 3
From the comparison with 7-6, it can be seen that even when a mixture of vermiculite and peat moss is used as the water retention material, almost the same effect as when soil is used is obtained. [Example 3: Planting experiment] Seedling cultivation soil C of No. 9 of Example 1 (form of FIG. 3), No. 71-1 and No. 7 of Example 2
Seedling cultivation soil A of No. 71-5 (form of FIG. 1), No. 2 of Example 2
Using the seedling cultivation soil B of No. 71-2 and No. 71-6 (the form of FIG. 2), seedlings grown for 25 days in the same manner as described above were transplanted to Honda. About 100 of the transplanted seedlings,
It was determined whether it was easy to plant upright.

The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0043]

[Table 5]

No. 71-1 and No. 71-2, and No. 7
The difference between 71-5 and No. 71-6 is only the difference between whether the phosphate fertilizer particles of the seedling cultivation soil are mixed in the water retention material or whether they have a layer at the bottom of the seedling raising box. No. 71-2 having phosphate fertilizer particles in a layer at the bottom
And No. 71-6, the phosphate fertilizer particles are held at the base of the seedlings and have an appropriate weight, so that the seedlings are more likely to be in an upright state at the time of planting. In addition, the results of these seedling cultivation soils were comparable to the results of the No. 9 seedling cultivation soils using soil. [Example 4: Production example of mat-type seedling cultivation soil (part 1)] Relative content of water-soluble phosphoric acid as phosphate fertilizer particles is 5.7.
(The same ones used in No. 7-1 to 7-6 of Example 1) were used.
Using a mixture of vermiculite prepared to ~ 0.3 mm and peat moss having a fiber length of 1 to 5 mm in a volume ratio of vermiculite: peat moss = 3: 2, using polyvinyl alcohol as a water-soluble binder,
A mat-shaped seedling culture was prepared as follows.

That is, as shown in FIG. 4, a suction box 1 which is large enough to fit the seedling box horizontally, has an open upper surface, and has a suction port 11 in the center of the bottom surface, and a rectangular box having an open upper surface. The bottom is the inner size of the seedling box (width x length x height = 2
8 × 58 × 3 cm), and a molding box 2 in which a filtering cloth (filter cloth) 21 is disposed on the entire bottom surface thereof, and this molding box 2 is supported in the suction box 1. And a support 3 are prepared.

First, 600 g of the above-mentioned phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are put in the molding box 2 so that the particles do not overlap in the molding box 2 in the vertical direction. In this state, the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are densely arranged in the plane of the molding box 2 so that adjacent particles slightly contact each other.

The molding box 2 in which the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are arranged as described above is placed in the support 3 set in the suction box 1, and suction is performed from the suction port 11 at a pressure of about 400 mmHg. While performing, a water retention material of vermiculite: peat moss 3: 2 was suspended in three times the volume of water (90 cc of vermiculite, 60 cc of peat moss,
(A mixture of 360 cc of water) is poured from above the molding box 2 so as to spread over the entire surface on which the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are arranged.

Next, with the suction being continued, 200 to 300 cc of a 0.1 to 0.3% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in water was added to the fertilizer particles 4 from above the molding box 2. After pouring over the arrayed surface, suction is continued for 10 to 20 seconds so that the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 and the water retaining material are firmly bound by the water-soluble binder, and excess Remove moisture.
Thereafter, warm air of 40 to 50 ° C. is uniformly blown from the upper side of the molding box 3 to the entire surface on which the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are arranged, and dried.

The mat-like cultivated soil 5 thus obtained
Has a relative content of water-soluble phosphoric acid of 5.0 as shown in FIG.
The water retention material 6 made of vermiculite and peat moss is interposed only in the gaps between the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 which are 7, and the peripheral surface of the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 is exposed on both surfaces. [Example 5: Growth test on seedlings raised by seedling cultivation in Honda] Using the mat-shaped cultivation soil 5 prepared in Example 4, a seedling cultivation soil D as shown in FIG. 6 is formed as follows. .

First, a mat-shaped soil 5 containing 600 g of phosphate fertilizer particles (soluble phosphoric acid concentration 35% by weight, relative content of water-soluble phosphoric acid 5.7) is placed in the bottom of the seedling box 7. Next, two layers of fertilizer-free soil 6 were placed thereon as a floor soil layer 9.
In 600 g (a seedling box bottom area × 15 mm portion), 2 chemical fertilizers for raising seedlings (nitrogen: phosphoric acid: potassium = 10: 10: 10) 8 were added.
Fill with 0 g uniformly mixed. Thus, the floor soil layer 9 contains 2 g each of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium.

That is, in this embodiment, the seedling cultivation soil D is formed by the mat-shaped cultivation soil 5 and the floor soil layer 9, and the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are located below the seedling cultivation soil D (in the mat-shaped cultivation soil 5).
And does not exist on the upper surface.

As a comparative example, No. 9 of Example 1 was used.
Seedling cultivation soil C similar to that shown in FIG. 3 was prepared. That is, in the seedling box 7, 3200 g of fertilizer-free soil (the seedling box bottom area ×
In a 20 mm portion), 20 g of a chemical fertilizer for raising seedlings (nitrogen: phosphoric acid: potassium = 10: 10: 10) is uniformly mixed. As a result, the seedling culture medium contains 2 g of each of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium.

After the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed on each of the seedling cultures, seeds were sown and covered in the same manner as in Example 1, and the conventional nursery management was carried out, and the seedlings were raised for 35 days. After that, the seedlings raised in each of the seedling cultivation soils were placed in Honda, respectively.
The transplant was performed under the condition of 25 boxes per 0 ares.

At the time of transplantation, the fertilizer was applied to Honda by matting
The seedlings obtained in the seedling raising soil D using the fertilizer were subjected to fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium (nitrogen: potassium = 16: 16) so that both components were 4.8 kg per 10 ares.
In other words, Honda did not fertilize phosphoric acid,
The phosphoric acid content from the phosphate fertilizer particles contained in the mat-shaped soil 5 was 5.25 kg per 10 ares.

The fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium (nitrogen: phosphoric acid: potassium = 12: 18: 14) was obtained from the seedlings obtained from the seedling cultivation soil C of No. 9 (the configuration of FIG. 3) in Example 1. ) To 4
0 kg was used. That is, fertilizer was applied so that 4.8 kg of nitrogen, 7.2 kg of phosphoric acid, and 5.6 kg of potash per 10 ares.

Further, fertilizers containing nitrogen and potassium (nitrogen: potassium = 16: 16) were transferred to both Hondas 60 days after transplantation.
Was fertilized at 10 kg per 10 ares. Then, the growth status of the rice was observed 30 days and 50 days after transplantation (May 10), and the date when the ears emerged (heading date) and the date when the rice ears were aligned (heading date) were examined. . In addition, the number of ears and the yield of brown rice at harvest were examined. The results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0057]

[Table 6]

As can be seen from this table, the mat-shaped soil 5
In the seedling cultivation soil D using No. 1, the growth condition of the rice was comparable to that of the conventional seedling cultivation soil C. That is, in the seedling cultivation soil D using the mat-shaped cultivation soil 5, the elution of the phosphoric acid component from the mat-shaped cultivation soil 5 during seedling is slightly suppressed, and the phosphate fertilizer necessary for Honda is brought into Honda at the time of transplantation. I have. This is because the phosphate fertilizer particles of the mat-shaped soil 5 are mainly composed of slow-acting soluble phosphoric acid as the main component, and the water-soluble phosphoric acid has a relatively low content of 5.7 relative to the soluble phosphoric acid. It is because.

Therefore, by using such a seedling cultivation soil D, the labor for uniformly applying the phosphoric acid to the transplanted Honda can be omitted, and the labor for the fertilization work can be greatly reduced. Further, since the phosphate fertilizer particles contained in the seedling culture are not coated with the resin, there is no fear of remaining in the soil of Honda.

[Example 6: Raising seedling experiment using different water retention materials (No. 2)] Instead of the soil used in Example 1, coconut shell (mixture of lump and fibrous material) was used as water retention material 6. Except for the above, in the same manner as in Example 1, seedling cultivation soils A and B having the forms shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 were formed. As the phosphate fertilizer particles, as in Example 2, the relative content of water-soluble phosphoric acid (guaranteed component by weight) when the soluble phosphoric acid was set to 100 among those used in Example 1 was 29 and What was 5.7 was used.

As a comparative example, seedlings having the form shown in FIG. 3 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the same coconut shell was used as the water retention material 6 instead of the soil used in Example 1. Cultivation soil C was formed (No. 11).

After the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed on each seedling culture, seeds were sown and covered in the same manner as in Example 1, and customary seedling management was performed. Then, the germination state of the seed rice and the subsequent growth state of the seedlings were visually observed.

The results are shown in Table 7 below.

[0064]

[Table 7]

Comparison of No. 32-1 to No. 32-6 of this table with No. 3-1 to No. 3-6 of Table 1, and
No. 72-1 to No. 72-6 and No. 7-1 to No. 7 in Table 3
From the comparison with 7-6, it can be seen that even when coconut shell is used as the water retention material, almost the same effect as when soil is used can be obtained. [Example 7: Production example of mat-shaped seedling cultivation soil (No. 2)] As in Example 4, phosphate fertilizer particles having a relative content of water-soluble phosphoric acid of 5.7 (No. 1 in Example 1) . 7-1
7-6), and as the water retention material 6, coconut shell (a mixture of lump and fibrous material of about 1: 1, the lump having a particle size of 0.5 to 6). And a fibrous material whose fiber length was adjusted to 5 to 20 mm), polyvinyl alcohol was used as a water-soluble binder, and a mat-shaped seedling culture was prepared as follows. .

That is, in the same manner as in Example 4, a suction box 1, a molding box 2, and a support 3 are prepared. First, 600 g of the above-mentioned phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are put in the molding box 2, and the particles are added. It does not overlap in the vertical direction in the molding box 2 (see FIG. 4). In this state, the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are densely arranged in the plane of the molding box 2 so that adjacent particles slightly contact each other.

The molding box 2 in which the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are arranged as described above is placed in the support 3 set in the suction box 1, and suction is performed from the suction port 11 at a pressure of about 400 mmHg. While carrying out, the above-mentioned coconut shell is suspended in twice the volume of water (coconut shell 150 cc, water 300 c
c) from the upper side of the molding box 2 with the phosphate fertilizer particles 4
Is poured over the entire surface of the array.

Next, with the suction being continued, 200 to 300 cc of a 0.1 to 0.3% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in water was added to the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 from the upper side of the molding box 2. After pouring over the arranged whole surface, suction is continued for 10 to 20 seconds so that the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 and the water retention material (coconut shell) are firmly bound by the water-soluble binder. At the same time, remove excess water. Thereafter, warm air of 40 to 50 ° C. is uniformly blown from the upper side of the molding box 3 to the entire surface on which the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are arranged, and dried.

The mat-like cultivated soil 5 thus obtained
In the same manner as in Example 4 (see FIG. 5), a water retention material 6 composed of a coconut shell is interposed only in adjacent gaps between the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 having a relative content of water-soluble phosphoric acid of 5.7. In this state, the peripheral surfaces of the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are exposed on both sides. In the above-described embodiment, as the seedling cultivation soil formed in an integral mat shape, a mat-shaped cultivation soil 5 in which only one phosphate fertilizer particle 4 is arranged in the thickness direction as shown in FIG. 5 is given. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, those having the structures shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 below are also included in the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a mat 51 in which a layer (water retaining material layer) 61 having only a predetermined thickness of the water retaining material 6 is provided on one surface of the mat 51. Seeds are seeded on the water retaining material layer 61 side. ,
Even when the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 contain water-soluble phosphoric acid, germination disorders can be prevented.

FIG. 8 shows that the phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are uniformly dispersed throughout the thickness direction of the mat 52.
The phosphate fertilizer particles 4 are not exposed from any surface. Thereby, germination failure is prevented even if seeds are wound on any surface, and there is also an effect that handling becomes easy.

FIG. 9 shows that the phosphate fertilizer particles 4
In addition, slow-release fertilizer particles (having a resin coating) 82 having at least one component of nitrogen and potash are uniformly dispersed. The use of the mat 53 makes it possible to eliminate the need for uniform fertilization of the Honda after transplantation for not only phosphoric acid but also nitrogen and potassium components.

The concentration of soluble phosphoric acid in the phosphate fertilizer particles used is not limited to 35 to 40% by weight (guaranteed component), but may be 10% by weight (guaranteed component) or more.

[0074]

As described above, according to the seedling cultivation of the first to sixth aspects, the elution of the phosphate component in the seedling is slightly suppressed, and the phosphate fertilizer necessary for the Honda is brought into the Honda at the time of transplantation. Therefore, the labor for fertilizing work can be reduced. In addition, compared to the conventional seedling cultivation soil containing slow-release fertilizer particles, there is no fear that a resin film remains in the soil of Honda and no waste of fertilizer components, and the production cost is reduced.

In particular, since the seedling cultivation soil of claim 2 is in the form of a mat, there is an effect that the handling is easy in addition to the above effects. In particular, according to the seedling cultivation soil of the third and fourth aspects, in addition to the above effects, there is an effect of making it difficult to cause germination failure of seeds.

In particular, according to the seedling raising soil of claim 5, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, there is an effect that seed germination failure can be prevented without providing a buffer layer. In particular, according to the seedling cultivation soil of claim 6, in addition to the above effects, it becomes possible to eliminate the need for uniform fertilization of the Honda after transplantation not only for phosphoric acid but also for any components of nitrogen and potassium. Therefore, the labor of fertilization is further reduced.

According to the method of claim 7, when transplanting to the Honda, the seedlings are easily planted in an upright state, so that the planting accuracy is improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a seedling cultivation soil corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a seedling raising soil corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a conventional seedling raising soil.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an apparatus for producing a mat-shaped soil.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a mat-shaped buried soil manufactured in the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing a seedling cultivation soil corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view showing a seedling cultivation soil corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view showing a seedling cultivation soil corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view showing a seedling cultivation soil corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 4 Phosphate fertilizer particles 5 Mat-shaped soil 6 Water-retaining material 7 Water-soluble binder 51 Mat-shaped soil 52 Mat-shaped soil 53 Mat-shaped soil A

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A phosphate fertilizer particle comprising at least soluble phosphoric acid as a main component and not subjected to an elution rate reduction treatment with an organic substance, and a solid water retention material which retains water necessary for growing seedlings and supports the seedlings. And seedling cultivation soil characterized by comprising. 2. The seedling cultivation soil according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer particles and the water retention material are combined with a water-soluble binder to form an integral mat. 3. The seedling cultivation soil according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer particles do not contain water-soluble phosphoric acid. 4. The phosphoric acid fertilizer particles contain a water-soluble phosphoric acid at a ratio of 15 or less when the soluble phosphoric acid is 100, as a guarantee component by weight. Seedling cultivation soil. 5. The seedling raising soil according to claim 4, wherein the phosphate fertilizer particles are not exposed on at least one surface of the mat. 6. The seedling raising according to claim 1, further comprising slow-release fertilizer particles containing at least one component of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in addition to the phosphate fertilizer particles. Cultivation. 7. A seedbed is formed by arranging phosphate fertilizer particles on a lower side using at least one of the seedling cultivation media according to claim 1 and sowing seeds on an upper part of the seedbed. A seedling raising method characterized by the following.