JPS6157814B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6157814B2 JPS6157814B2 JP54121796A JP12179679A JPS6157814B2 JP S6157814 B2 JPS6157814 B2 JP S6157814B2 JP 54121796 A JP54121796 A JP 54121796A JP 12179679 A JP12179679 A JP 12179679A JP S6157814 B2 JPS6157814 B2 JP S6157814B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- boiling
- catalyst
- organic high
- reaction
- products
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- -1 ethylene, propylene, 1-butene Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SWTCCCJQNPGXLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-butoxyethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)OCCCC SWTCCCJQNPGXLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hexene Natural products CCCC=CC RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanal Chemical compound CC(O)CC=O HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene-2 Natural products CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDDWSAASCFBVBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Rh].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BDDWSAASCFBVBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KYLUAQBYONVMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P KYLUAQBYONVMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGQQNYXPYWCUHG-RMTFUQJTSA-N (3e,6e)-deca-3,6-diene Chemical compound CCC\C=C\C\C=C\CC GGQQNYXPYWCUHG-RMTFUQJTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYLMCYQHBRSDND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-hexenal Chemical compound CCCC=C(CC)C=O PYLMCYQHBRSDND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021604 Rhodium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940045985 antineoplastic platinum compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RJEDZXHQNSCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanal;butan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCO.CCCC=O RJEDZXHQNSCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- XWDKRVSSHIJNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;iridium Chemical group [Ir].[Ir].[Ir].[Ir].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] XWDKRVSSHIJNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004989 dicarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HTFVQFACYFEXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound Br[Ir](Br)Br HTFVQFACYFEXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002908 osmium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZXDJCKVQKCNWEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);diiodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[Pt+2] ZXDJCKVQKCNWEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QEZCKBXLUFJUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;1,1,2-trichloroethene Chemical compound [K].ClC=C(Cl)Cl QEZCKBXLUFJUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Rh+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IYWTUWKWQJIZPO-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrabromoiridium Chemical compound Br[Ir](Br)(Br)Br IYWTUWKWQJIZPO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UAIHPMFLFVHDIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroosmium Chemical compound Cl[Os](Cl)Cl UAIHPMFLFVHDIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VNCUSYIKPZQFST-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroiridium Chemical compound F[Ir](F)F VNCUSYIKPZQFST-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PCCAGZSOGFNURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-ethylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC(CC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(CC)C=C1 PCCAGZSOGFNURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYUUAUOYLFIRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 UYUUAUOYLFIRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXAZIUYTQHYBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 WXAZIUYTQHYBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ãªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åæ¹æ³ã«
é¢ãããã®ã§ããã 詳ããã¯ãæ¬çºæã¯ç¬¬æ貎éå±âããªã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœã觊åªãšãããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ã
ãããã«ãã«ååå¿ã«ãããŠãåå¿åž¯åã«å埪ç°
ããã觊åªæ¶²äžã«èç©ããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€
å»ããŠã觊åªæ¶²éãäžå®ã®ç¯å²ã«ç¶æãã€ã€ãªã¬
ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ãå®æœããæ¹æ³ã«
é¢ãããã®ã§ããã 第æ貎éå±âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœ
觊åªããªããã¥ããããžãŠã âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹
ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåªããããã¯ããããã®äžã§ãç¹
ã«ããžãŠã âããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåª
ã¯ããªã¬ãã€ã³ãããããã«ãã«åããŠãåœè©²ãª
ã¬ãã€ã³ããççŽ æ°ã®ïŒåå€ãã¢ã«ããããçæ
ãããããããããããã«ãã«ååå¿è§ŠåªãšããŠ
å·¥æ¥çã«æå©ã«äœ¿çšãããããšã¯ããç¥ãããŠã
ãäºå®ã§ããããããã¯è¯å¥œãªè§ŠåªæŽ»æ§ã瀺ãã
ãã€çŽéç¶ã¢ã«ãããã®åçãé«ãã®ã§è¿å¹ŽæŽ»çº
ãªç 究ãè¡ãããŠããããã®ç¬¬æ貎éå±âããª
ã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåªã¯ãéé¢ããªã¢ãª
ãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãå ±åããããšããã奜ãŸãã
ãããã®é«ãç±å®å®æ§ã®ããã«ã該é¯äœè§Šåªãå«
æããããããã«ãã«ååå¿çæ液ãããèžçæ
ãã¯ãã¬ã¹å¹èŸŒã¿ã«ããã¹ããªããã³ã°çã«ãã
çæã¢ã«ãããã®ã¿ãåé¢ååŸããåŸã該é¯äœè§Š
åªãå«ãæ®æ¶²ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿å·¥çšã«å埪
ç°ãããããšãã§ãããšãã倧ããªå©ç¹ãæããŠ
ããã ããããªããç¹°ãè¿ããŠã®åŸªç°å䜿çšã«ããã
觊åªæ¶²äžã«ã¯ãçæã¢ã«ãããã®èžççã«ããå
é¢ã®éã«ãåé¢ãåŸãªãçæã¢ã«ããããããé«
沞ç¹ã®åå¿å¯çç©ïŒä»¥äžãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãšã
ãïŒãèç©ããŠãããéåžžå·¥æ¥çãªãªã¬ãã€ã³ã®
ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã¯ãäžå®å®¹éã®åå¿åšã«é£
ç¶çã«äžå®éã®åå¿åæãäŸçµŠããããšã«ããå®
æœããããããããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã埪ç°è§Š
åªæ¶²äžã«èç©ãããšèç©å®¹éåã«çžåœããã ã觊
åªæ¶²å šäœã®å®¹éãå¢å€§ããå®ãããã容éã®åå¿
容åšã§ã¯ãæäœã®ç¶æãäžå¯èœãšãªããããšãïŒ
åã®åå¿åœãã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®çæéã埮é
ã§ãã€ãŠãåå¿âçæã¢ã«ãããåé¢âå埪ç°ã®
ç¹°ãè¿ãã«ããèç©éã¯èšå€§ãªéãšãªããåŸã€ãŠ
çæããã¢ã«ãããã®ã¿ã§ãªãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©
ãããäœããã®æ段ã§ããã®çæéã«èŠåãéã
ããåå¿ç³»å€ã«æãåºãå¿ èŠãããã ãšããã§ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»ãã觊åªæ¶²é
ãäžå®ã®ç¯å²ã«ç¶æããæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯äžèšã®ïŒæ¹
æ³ãèããããã 該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ã®äžå®
éãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®çæéèŠåãã§ããŒãž
ããæ¹æ³ 該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ã«å€§é
ã®åŸªç°ã¬ã¹ãéå ¥ãã¬ã¹ã¹ããªããã³ã°ããæ¹
æ³ è©²ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ããæœ
åºåŠçãåžçåŠççã«ããéžæçã«ææ©é«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ã®ã¿ãé€å»ããæ¹æ³ 該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ãèžç
ã«ä»ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ã¿ãéžæçã«çåºã
ããæ¹æ³ã ããã§ããããã®æ¹æ³ãå·¥æ¥çã«æ¡çšããå Žå
ã®åé¡ç¹ã«ã€ããŠèãããšããŸãã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã
ã°çæãããã¹ãŠã®å¯çç©ãé€å»ã§ãããåæã«
觊åªæ§æåã§ãã第æ貎éå±åã³ããªã¢ãªãŒã«
ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããŒãžãããã®ã§ãããŒãžéã倧é
ã«ãªããšã³ã¹ãçã«å€§ããªæ倱ããŸããã次ã«
ã®æ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãé«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã觊åªåã³çæã¢
ã«ãããã®å šéãä¿æããåå¿åšã«å€§éã®åŸªç°å
å¿ã¬ã¹ãå°å ¥ããããšã«ããããããã«ãã«åå
å¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãããŠãçæã¢ã«ããããšé«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ãšãã¬ã¹ã¹ããªããã³ã°ããæ¹æ³ïŒç¹éæ52â
125103ïŒãç¥ãããŠãããããããªããããã®æ¹
æ³ã§ã¯ç¹ã«èžæ°å§ã®äœãé«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»ãã
ããã«ã倧éã®åŸªç°ã¬ã¹æµãèŠããããŸãé«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ã®çæéãšé€å»éãšã該埪ç°ã¬ã¹æµéã«ã
ã€ãŠå³å¯ã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããšãã極ããŠé£ãã
æäœãèŠæ±ãããããŸãã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãæœåº
åã¯åžççã«ã¯ã€ãã«éžææ§ã®åé¡ãããã®ã§ã
ããæåã¯åé¢ã§ããŠãä»ã®æåã¯åé¢ã§ããªã
ãšããåé¡ããããå·¥æ¥çã«å®æœããã®ã¯æ¥µããŠ
é£ãããæåŸã«ã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°ããã沞ç¹ãŸã§
ã®å¯çç©ã¯é€å»ãåŸããããã以äžã®æ²žç¹ã®ãã®
ã¯é€å»ãåŸãªããšããæ¬ ç¹ãããããã ããã®æ¬
ç¹ã¯ã®æ¹æ³ãšã®çµåãã«ããããçšåºŠè§£æ±ºã§ã
ãã ãšããã§ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã¯åŸªç°è§Šåªæ¶²äžã§è§Š
åªæ§æåã§ãã第æ貎éå±âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹
ãã€ã³é¯äœåã³éé¢ã®ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãš
åäžçžã圢æããŠãããåŸã€ãŠè©²ç¬¬æ貎éå±â
ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³é¯äœåã³éé¢ããªã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãå¹æçã«åå¿åž¯åã«å埪ç°ããã
ããšãèãããšã該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»å·¥çš
ã¯ã埪ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ãã該é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ã¿ãææé
éžæçã«é€å»ãåŸãã°ããã§ãªãã埪ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ã®
ä¿æãã觊åªæŽ»æ§ããã®é€å»å·¥çšã«ãããŠæãªã
ããªãããšãéèŠãªèŠä»¶ãšãªãã æ¬çºæè ãã¯äžèšã®èå¯ã«åºã¥ãç¹ã«ã®æ¹æ³
ã«é¢ããŠéææ€èšãéããçµæããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ã
ãããã«ãã«å觊åªãšããŠç¬¬æ貎éå±âããªã¢
ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåªãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ã
ãã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã«ã¯ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã
ç¹ç°çã«æå¹ã§ããããšãèŠåºãããã®ç¥èŠã«åº
ã¥ããŠæ¬çºæãå®æããã å³ã¡ãæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãå·¥æ¥çæå©ã«ãªã¬ãã€
ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ãå®æœããæ¹æ³ãæäŸ
ããããšã«ããããã®ç®çã¯ã第æ貎éå±âã
ãªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœã觊åªãšããŠãéå°
ã®ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãåå¿æº¶åªåã³ææ©é«
沞ç¹å¯çç©ã®ååšäžããªã¬ãã€ã³ãäžé žåççŽ å
ã³æ°ŽçŽ ãšåå¿ãããŠåŸãããããããã«ãã«åå
å¿çæ液ããçæã¢ã«ããããåé¢ååŸããåŸã
觊åªåã³ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æããæ®æ¶²ã埪ç°
觊åªæ¶²ãšããŠåå¿ç³»ã«å埪ç°ãããããããã«ã
ã«åæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã該埪ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ã®å°ããšãäžéš
ãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãšããŠæãåºãã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãæ°Ž
èžæ°èžçããããšã«ããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®å°ã
ãšãäžéšãçåºããã猶åºæ¶²ãããããã«ãã«å
åå¿å·¥çšã«å埪ç°ãããããšã«ããã容æã«éæ
ãããã æ¬çºæã«ã€ãæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æããã«ãæ¬çºæ
ã¯ã第æ貎éå±âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯
äœè§Šåªãçšãããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åå
å¿ã«ãããŠåå¿ç³»ããæåºããã觊åªæ¶²ããææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãåé¢ããæ®æ¶²ã該ããããã«ãã«
ååå¿å·¥çšãžåŸªç°å䜿çšããå Žåã«é©çšãããã æ¬çºæã«ããããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«å
ã®åæãšããŠäœ¿çšããããªã¬ãã€ã³ãšããŠã¯ãïŒ
å以äžã®ãªã¬ãã€ã³æ§äžé£œåçµåãæããçåæ°Ž
çŽ ãç¹ã«çŽéç¶ãåã¯ãåå²éç¶ã®ãªã¬ãã€ã³ã
çšããããã奜ãŸããã¯ããšãã¬ã³ããããã¬
ã³ãïŒâããã³ãïŒâããã»ã³ãïŒâãªã¯ãã³ã
ïŒâããã»ã³ãïŒâããã©ãã»ã³çã®ïŒå以äžã®
ççŽ ååãæããçŽéαâãªã¬ãã€ã³ãçšããã
ãããïŒâããã³ãïŒâãã³ãã³ãïŒâããã»ã³
çã®å éšãªã¬ãã€ã³åã¯ç°ç¶ãªã¬ãã€ã³ãçšãã
ããã ãŸããã€ãœããã³çã®ãããªãã³æ§é ãæãã
ãªã¬ãã€ã³ãçšããããšãã§ããã åå¿åšã«äŸçµŠãããäžé žåççŽ åã³æ°ŽçŽ ã®æ··å
ã¬ã¹ã¯ãéåžžãæ°Žæ§ã¬ã¹ãŸãã¯ããªããœã¬ã¹ãšç§°
ãããããã®ä»£è¡šçãªçµæäŸã¯ãH2ïŒCOïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã20ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã§ããã ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã«çšãããã第æ貎é
å±âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§ŠåªãšããŠ
ã¯ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã«ããåå¿çæ液ãã
çæã¢ã«ããããèžçåé¢ããæ®æ¶²äžã«å«ãŸãã
觊åªã埪ç°äœ¿çšãããããåå¿éå§æåã³è£çµŠæ
ã«äŸçµŠããã觊åªã¯ã第æ貎éå±ã®ååç©ãäŸ
ãã°æ°ŽçŽ åç©ãããã²ã³åç©ãã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãç¡
é žå¡©ãç¡«é žå¡©çããšããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãšã
ãå ¬ç¥ã®é¯äœåœ¢ææ¹æ³ã«ãã容æã«èª¿è£œããããš
ãã§ããããã®é¯äœè§Šåªãåå¿ã«äœ¿çšããéã«
ã¯ãäžèšç¬¬æ貎éå±ã®ååç©ãšããªã¢ãªãŒãã¹
ãã€ã³ãšããäºãé¯äœã調補ããŠåŸãåå¿ç³»ã«å°
å ¥ããŠäœ¿çšããŠãããããåå¿ç³»ã«ç¬¬æ貎éå±
ã®ååç©ãšããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãšãäŸçµŠããŠ
åå¿ç³»å ã§é¯äœã圢æãããŠäœ¿çšããŠãããã é¯äœã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããã第æ貎éå±å
åç©ãšããŠãå ·äœçã«ã¯ãäžå¡©åã«ãããŠã ãã
ãã©ã¢ããã«ãããŠã ããããã·ã¯ããªãçã®ã«
ãããŠã ååç©ïŒããžãŠã ãžã«ã«ããã«ã¯ããª
ããç¡é žããžãŠã ãäžå¡©åããžãŠã ãé ¢é žããžãŠ
ã ãç¡«é žããžãŠã çã®ããžãŠã ååç©ïŒæ°ŽçŽ åã
ã©ãžãŠã ãå¡©åãã©ãžãŠã ãæ²åãã©ãžãŠã ãç¡
é žãã©ãžãŠã ãã·ã¢ã³åãã©ãžãŠã ãé ¢é žãã©ãž
ãŠã ãç¡«é žãã©ãžãŠã çã®ãã©ãžãŠã ååç©ïŒäž
å¡©åãªã¹ããŠã ãã¯ãã«ãªã¹ããŠã é žçã®ãªã¹ã
ãŠã ååç©ïŒäžèåã€ãªãžãŠã ãåèåã€ãªãžãŠ
ã ãäžåŒåã€ãªãžãŠã ãäžå¡©åã€ãªãžãŠã ãã€ãª
ãžãŠã ã«ã«ããã«çã®ã€ãªãžãŠã ååç©ïŒçœé
é žãæ²å第äžçœéããããµã¯ãã«çœéé žãããªãŠ
ã ãããªã¯ãã«ïŒãšãã¬ã³ïŒç¬¬äºçœéé žã«ãªãŠã
çã®çœéååç©ãæããããã é äœåã®ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãšããŠã¯ãã
ãªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ã䜿çšããã®ãæã奜ãŸã
ãããããªâïœâããªã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããªâïœâ
ããªã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããªãã·ãªã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãã
ãªã¹ïŒïœâãšãã«ããšãã«ïŒãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ãã
ãªãããšãã«åºäžã«äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºãæãã眮æ
ããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããªã¹ïŒïœâã¡ããã·
ããšãã«ïŒãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ãããªãããšãã«åºäžã«
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãæãã眮æããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€
ã³ããªã©ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§äžæŽ»æ§
ãªçœ®æåºãçµåããŠããåçš®ã®ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹
ãã€ã³ã䜿çšããããåœæ¥è ã«åšç¥ã®åŠãããã®
é¯äœè§Šåªã®ç±å®å®æ§ã®å¢å€§åã³çæã¢ã«ãããäž
ã®æçšãªçŽéã¢ã«ãããã®çæå²åã®å¢å€§ã®ãã
ã«ãéåžžãããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³çã®ç¬¬äžçŽã
ã¹ãã€ã³ãåå¿ç³»å ã«å ±åããããããã®å ±åé
ã¯ãåå¿ç³»å ã®é¯äœè§Šåªã«å¯ŸããŠã¢ã«æ¯ã§æ°åå
ãæ°çŸåã®éå°éã§ããã åå¿ã¯éåžžãäžæŽ»æ§æº¶åªäžã§è¡ãªããããåå¿
溶åªãšããŠã¯ãåæåã³è§Šåªã溶解ãããããã
ã«ãã«ååå¿ã«å¯ŸããŠé»å®³äœçšããªãããã€åå¿
çæ液ãèžçã«ããçæã¢ã«ããããšè§Šåªã溶解
ããŠããæ®æ¶²ãšã«åé¢ããããšãã§ããããã«ã
çæããã¢ã«ããããããé«æ²žç¹ã®ãã®ã䜿çšã
ãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ããã³ãŒã³ããã«ãšã³ããã·ã¬
ã³çã®è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ ãããã¿ã³ããã«ã³çã®é£œ
åèèªæçåæ°ŽçŽ ãé ¢é žããã«ãé ªé žãšãã«çã®
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ããããã¯ãã¿ããŒã«çã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
é¡çã䜿çšããããææãªãã°ãçæããã¢ã«ã
ããèªäœãåå¿æº¶åªãšããŠçšããŠãããã æ¬çºæã«ããããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«å
åå¿ã¯ãéåžžé£ç¶åŒã®åå¿åšã«åæã§ãããªã¬ã
ã€ã³ããªããœã¬ã¹ãåã³åŸªç°è§Šåªæ¶²ãé£ç¶çã«äŸ
絊ããéåžžã倧æ°å§ä»¥äžã奜ãŸããã¯30ã100
KgïŒcm2ã®ãªããœã¬ã¹åå§åã³50ã200â奜ãŸãã
ã¯70ã150âã®åå¿æž©åºŠã«ãŠå®æœãããã åå¿åšããæãåºãããããããã«ãã«ååå¿
çæ液ããã¯ãæ°æ¶²åé¢ãèžçºãèžççã®å ¬ç¥ã®
æ¹æ³ã«ãããæªåå¿ãªããœã¬ã¹ãæªåå¿ãªã¬ãã€
ã³ãåã³çæã¢ã«ããããåé¢ããé¯äœè§Šåªãå«
æãã觊åªæ¶²ã¯ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿åšã«å埪
ç°ãããããã®éã埪ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ã®å°ããšãäžéšã¯
å¯çããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®èç©ãé¿ããããã«
é£ç¶çãŸãã¯éæçã«åå¿ç³»å€ã«æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãšã
ãŠæãåºãããã æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã¯ããã®åå¿ç³»å€ã«æãåºãããæ
åºè§Šåªæ¶²ã«çŽæ¥é©çšããããšãã§ããããéåžž
ã¯ãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ããæŽã«èžççã®å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ã
ãåå¿æº¶åªãé€å»ããŠãããæ¬çºææ¹æ³ãé©çšã
ãã®ãæå©ã§ããã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ããã®åå¿æº¶åª
ã®é€å»ã¯ãéåžžã®èžçãäŸãã°ãåžžå§ãŸãã¯æžå§
èžçãããã¯ãã¬ã¹å¹èŸŒã¿ã«ããã¹ããªããã³ã°
çã®æ¹æ³ã«ããè¡ãªããããèžçã¯è©²æåºè§Šåªæ¶²
äžã®æº¶åªå«éã20ééïŒ ä»¥äžã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒéé
ïŒ ä»¥äžãæã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒïŒ ã«ãªãããã«è¡ãªã
ã®ã奜ãŸããã 該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ã¯ããã®ãŸãŸãããã¯äžèšæº¶åªé€
å»å·¥çšã®åŸãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã«äŸããã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²
ããã®ãŸãŸæ°Žèžæ°èžçã«äŸããå Žåã«ã¯ãåå¿æº¶
åªåã³ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçå¡ã®å¡é ã
ãçåºãããããã®å Žåææãªãã°è©²çåºæ¶²ãã
ãã«èžçããããšã«ãã€ãŠæº¶åªãšææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ãšã«åé¢ãã溶åªãååããããšãã§ããã ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®å 容ã¯å€å²ã«ãããè€éã§
ããããäž»ãšããŠããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã§çæã
ãã¢ã«ãããã®ïŒæ¬¡çå¯åå¿ã§çæãããã®ã§ã
ããããšãã°ããããã¬ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åå
å¿ã«ãããŠã¯ãçŽéç¶ã®ïœâããã«ã¢ã«ããããš
åå²éç¶ã®ïœâããã«ã¢ã«ããããšãçæãã
ãããããã®ã¢ã«ãããçæç©ã¯åå¿æ§ã«å¯ã¿ã
ãèªäœè§Šåªã®äžååšäžã§ããããæ¯èŒçäœæž©ã«ã
ããŠããã€ãããéååå¿ãŸãã¯çž®ååå¿ãèµ·ã
ãŠé«æ²žç¹ã®éçž®åçæç©ãçæããããããã®é«
沞ç¹ã®éåç©ãŸãã¯çž®åç©ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãäž
èšã®åŠã圢æ ã®ç©è³ªãæãããããå³ã¡ãïœâã
ãã«ã¢ã«ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã®èªå·±éåç©ã§ãã
äºéäœã®ã¢ã«ããŒã«åã³äžéäœãçž®åäºéäœã§ã
ãïŒâãšãã«ããã»ããŒã«ããã®æ°ŽçŽ åç©ã§ãã
ïŒâãšãã«ãããµããŒã«åã³ïŒâãšãã«ãããµã
ãŒã«ãïœâããã«ã¢ã«ãããã®æ°ŽçŽ åç©ã§ããïœ
âãã¿ããŒã«ããããã¯ïœâããã«ã¢ã«ãããã®
ãžããã«ã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«çã§ããããŸãïœâããã«ã¢
ã«ããããããïœâããã«ã¢ã«ããããšåæ§ãªå
å¿ã§èªå·±éåç©ã§ããäºéäœãäžéäœãçæãã
ããã«ïœâããã«ã¢ã«ããããšïœâããã«ã¢ã«ã
ãããšã®äº€äºéåçæç©ã§ããäºéäœãäžéäœå
ã³ãããã®èªå°äœãçæããããŸããããã以å€
ã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ããããã¬ã³ã®ããããã«ã
ã«ååå¿ã§å¯çããããšãç¥ãããŠããã該ææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã¯äžèšäŸããæãããªåŠããçæã¢
ã«ãããéªšæ Œã®ïŒéäœãïŒéäœçãå«ããã®ã§ã
ããçæã¢ã«ããããããé«æ²žç¹ã§ããã®ã§ãå
ãªãã¢ã«ãããèžçå·¥çšã§ã¯é€å»ãåŸãªãã ããŠãæ°Žèžæ°èžçå¡ã«ãããŠã¯ã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²
äžã®é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®å°ããšãäžéšãæ°Žèžæ°ãšå ±ã«
çåºãããŠé€å»ããã ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»ããæ°Žèžæ°èžçå¡ã®æ
äœæ¡ä»¶ã¯é€å»ãã¹ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®éãææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ç©æ§ã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã«äŸçµŠãã
æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ã®éåã³è©²æåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®é«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ã®æ¿åºŠçã®æ¡ä»¶ã«ãã決ããããäžæŠã«èŠå®ã§
ããªããã觊åªã®å®å®æ§ã®é¢ãã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡
ã®å¡åºæž©åºŠãéåžž200â以äžã奜ãŸããã¯170â以
äžãæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯150â以äžã«ç¶æãã¹ãããŸ
ã奜ãŸããã¯å¡å ã«ãããŠæ°Žèžæ°ãåçž®ããŠçŒ¶åº
液ã«æ··å ¥ããããšããªãããã«ããã®æäœå§ãæ°Ž
èžæ°å¹èŸŒã¿éåã³ïŒãŸãã¯å€éšããã®å ç±çã«ã
ã€ãŠèª¿ç¯ããã 該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã¯å€§æ°å§ä»¥äžã奜ãŸããã¯æžå§
äžã§æäœãããååãŸãã¯é£ç¶æ¹åŒã«ããæ°Žèžæ°
èžçãå®æœãããã 該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã®é転ã«éããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãé€
å»ãã¹ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®éã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡
ã«äŸçµŠãããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã«å«ãŸããææ©é«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ã®éãããã¡ããããå°ãªãå Žåã«ã¯æåº
觊åªæ¶²äžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®äžéšã®ã¿ãé€å»ã
ããããªæž©åãªïŒmildïŒæäœæ¡ä»¶ãçšãããããŸ
ããé€å»ãã¹ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®éã該氎èžæ°
èžçå¡ã«äŸçµŠãããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯
çç©ã®éãšåçšåºŠã®å Žåã«ã¯æåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®ææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ã»ãšãã©å šéãé€å»ãããããªé
é ·ãªïŒsevereïŒæäœæ¡ä»¶ãçšãããããåŸã€ãŠé€
å»ãã¹ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®éãšè©²æ°Žèžæ°èžçå¡
ã«äŸçµŠãããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®
éãšã®é¢ä¿ã§ã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã®æäœæ¡ä»¶ã¯é©å®
éžæãããã æ°Žèžæ°èžçã¯ãã®æäœã«é¢ããŠãç¹ã«éå®ãã
ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãéåžžå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè¡ãªãã
ããäŸãã°ã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã®èžç猶ã®äžã«æ°Žèž
æ°ãçŽæ¥å¹èŸŒããããŸãã¯æ°Žèžæ°ãå¹èŸŒã¿ãªãã
å€éšããå ç±ããæ¹æ³çã§è¡ãªãããããããã
ã®æ¹æ³ã«éå®ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã 該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã«ãããŠã¯å¡é ããã¯ææé
ã®ãå³ã¡ãåå¿ã§å¯çããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ç
æéèŠåãã®ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãçåºãããäž
æ¹å¡åºããã¯ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©å«éã®æžå°ãã猶
åºæ¶²ãæåºãã該猶åºæ¶²ã®å€§éšåã¯ããããã«ã
ã«ååå¿å·¥çšã«å埪ç°ãããããäžéšåã¯è©²æ°Žèž
æ°èžçå¡ã§é€å»ãåŸãªãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»
ããããã«ãç³»å€ã«å»è§Šåªæ¶²ãšããŠããŒãžããã®
ã奜ãŸããããŸãå¡åºããæåºããã猶åºæ¶²ãäº
液çžã«ãªã€ãŠããå ŽåïŒå¹èŸŒã¿æ°Žèžæ°ã®äžéšãå
çž®ããŠæ··å ¥ããŠããå ŽåïŒã«ã¯æ²¹æ°Žåé¢ããã®
ã¡ããã®æ²¹å±€ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿å·¥çšã«å埪
ç°ãããã®ã奜ãŸãããç³»å€ã«ããŒãžãããå»è§Š
åªæ¶²ããã¯ãæ¶æçã®å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã§éé¢ããªã¢ãª
ãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãååããã®ã¡ãå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ãã
ãšãã°æ°ŽäžççŒæ³ïŒç¹éæ50â39690ïŒã«ãã第
æ貎éå±ãååããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è¶£æšã¯æåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ã®é€å»ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçæ³ã§å®æœããããšã«ããã
ããããŠããã®é€å»å·¥çšã«ãããŠãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²äž
ã«å«æããã觊åªã«åºæã®æŽ»æ§ã倱ãããšãªãã
ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ãéæãåŸãã®ã¯ãæ°Žèž
æ°èžçã®ã¿ã§ããã 該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ããéåžžã®èžçæ³ã
äŸãã°ç空èžçæ³ããããã¯çªçŽ ã¬ã¹å¹èŸŒã«ãã
ã¬ã¹ã¹ããªããã³ã°æ³çã§å®æœããå Žåãæ°Žèžæ°
èžçæ³ã«èŠåãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©é€å»éãéæã
ãããã«ã¯ããã®é€å»å·¥çšã«ãããŠè§Šåªåºæã®æŽ»
æ§ãèããäœäžãããããšã«ãªããåŸã€ãŠè©²ææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã«ãããæ¬çºæã®å¹æã¯ãæ°Ž
èžæ°èžçã®æ¡çšã«ãã€ãŠã®ã¿éæããããã®ã§ã
ããä»ã®èžçæ³ã§ã¯ãéæãåŸãªãã®ã§ãããæ
æ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã«æ°Žèžæ°èžçã®ã¿ãç¹ã«æ
å¹ã§ããçç±ã¯æããã§ã¯ãªããã以äžã®å®æœäŸ
ã«ç€ºãåŠããåäžã®æäœæž©åºŠã«ãããèžçã«ãã€
ãŠãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã«ããå Žåã®ã¿ã觊åªæŽ»æ§ãç¶æ
ãåŸãã®ã¯æ³šç®ãã¹ãããšã§ããã 以äžã詳现ã«èª¬æããããã«æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«ãã
ã°ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã§å¯çããææ©é«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ãã觊åªã®æŽ»æ§ãäœãæãããšãªãæåºè§Š
åªæ¶²ããé€å»ãã猶åºæ¶²ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿
å·¥çšã«åŸªç°å䜿çšããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãæ¬çºæ
ã®å·¥æ¥çæ矩ã¯ã極ããŠå€§ããã ãŸãã猶åºæ¶²ã®äžéšãåå¿ç³»å€ã«å»è§Šåªæ¶²ãšã
ãŠããŒãžããŠãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã§ããªããã€é€å»ãåŸ
ãªãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»ãããšå ±ã«ãå ¬ç¥ã®
æ¹æ³ã«ãã第æ貎éå±è§Šåªåã³ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ã
ã¹ãã€ã³ã®åé¢ååãè¡ãªãããšã«ãããããã
ãã«ãã«ååå¿ã«ãããå»è§Šåªæ¶²ãããæçšãã€
é«äŸ¡ãªããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãåã³ç¬¬æ貎é
å±ãé«åçãé«çŽåºŠã§åé¢ååã§ãããããã¯ã
ãããã«ãã«ååå¿ç³»ã«å䜿çšããããšãã§ãã
ã®ã§ããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ãå·¥æ¥
çæå©ã«å®æœããããšãã§ããããŸãããã®ãã
ãªæ¹æ³ã«ããã°ã第æ貎éå±åã³ããªã¢ãªãŒã«
ãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ååã®ããã«ç³»å€ã«ããŒãžãã¹ãå»
觊åªæ¶²ã®æ¶²éãæ¿æžãããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãã
ã®ç¹ã«ãããŠããæ¬çºæã®å·¥æ¥çæ矩ã¯æ¥µããŠå€§
ããã 次ã«å®æœäŸã«ãããæ¬çºæãããã«å ·äœçã«èª¬
æããããæ¬çºæã¯ããã®èŠæšãè¶ããªãéãã
以äžã®å®æœäŸã«ããéå®ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã éå°ã®ããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ååšåãããž
ãŠã âããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåªãçšã
ãŠå·¥æ¥åå¿è£ 眮ã§ãããã¬ã³ãããããã«ãã«å
åå¿ãããŠåŸãããããããã«ãã«ååå¿çæ液
ããæªåå¿ãªã¬ãã€ã³åã³çæã¢ã«ããããåé¢
ããåŸãããããã«ãã«ååå¿ç³»ãžå埪ç°ããã
觊åªæ¶²ã®äžéšãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãšããŠæåºãã該æåº
觊åªæ¶²ãã溶åªãã«ãšã³ã®å€§éšåãéåžžã®èžçã§
åé¢ããè¡šâïŒã®çµæãæããéæ®æ¶²ïŒä»¥äžãæ
åºè§Šåªæ¶²ïŒïŒãšããïŒãåŸãããã®æåºè§Šåªæ¶²
ïŒïŒãæ°Žèžæ°å¹èŸŒå£ãã³ã³ãã³ãµãŒãçåºæ¶²å
åšãå ·åãã500mlã®ãã·åãã©ã¹ã³éã«å ¥ãã
éã®æž©åºŠã150âã«ä¿ã€ãŠãåžžå§äžãæ°Žæ±1000mm
ã«å ç±ããæ°Žèžæ°ã200NïŒhrã®æµéã§å¹èŸŒ
ã¿ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçãè¡ãªã€ãããã®çµæ油局çåºæ¶²
75.3ïœãåŸããããåŸããã油局ã®åæããææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®çåºéã¯62ïœã§ããããã®ä»ã®æ²¹
å±€çåºç©ã®å€§éšåã¯ãã«ãšã³ã§ããããšãå€æã
ããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»çã¯88ïŒ ïŒïŒ62ïŒ70
Ã100ïŒã§ãã€ãããªãããžãŠã ã¯100ïŒ ããããª
ããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ã¯99ïŒ ãéäžã«æ®åãã猶åº
液ãšããŠæãåºãããã
é¢ãããã®ã§ããã 詳ããã¯ãæ¬çºæã¯ç¬¬æ貎éå±âããªã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœã觊åªãšãããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ã
ãããã«ãã«ååå¿ã«ãããŠãåå¿åž¯åã«å埪ç°
ããã觊åªæ¶²äžã«èç©ããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€
å»ããŠã觊åªæ¶²éãäžå®ã®ç¯å²ã«ç¶æãã€ã€ãªã¬
ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ãå®æœããæ¹æ³ã«
é¢ãããã®ã§ããã 第æ貎éå±âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœ
觊åªããªããã¥ããããžãŠã âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹
ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåªããããã¯ããããã®äžã§ãç¹
ã«ããžãŠã âããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåª
ã¯ããªã¬ãã€ã³ãããããã«ãã«åããŠãåœè©²ãª
ã¬ãã€ã³ããççŽ æ°ã®ïŒåå€ãã¢ã«ããããçæ
ãããããããããããã«ãã«ååå¿è§ŠåªãšããŠ
å·¥æ¥çã«æå©ã«äœ¿çšãããããšã¯ããç¥ãããŠã
ãäºå®ã§ããããããã¯è¯å¥œãªè§ŠåªæŽ»æ§ã瀺ãã
ãã€çŽéç¶ã¢ã«ãããã®åçãé«ãã®ã§è¿å¹ŽæŽ»çº
ãªç 究ãè¡ãããŠããããã®ç¬¬æ貎éå±âããª
ã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåªã¯ãéé¢ããªã¢ãª
ãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãå ±åããããšããã奜ãŸãã
ãããã®é«ãç±å®å®æ§ã®ããã«ã該é¯äœè§Šåªãå«
æããããããã«ãã«ååå¿çæ液ãããèžçæ
ãã¯ãã¬ã¹å¹èŸŒã¿ã«ããã¹ããªããã³ã°çã«ãã
çæã¢ã«ãããã®ã¿ãåé¢ååŸããåŸã該é¯äœè§Š
åªãå«ãæ®æ¶²ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿å·¥çšã«å埪
ç°ãããããšãã§ãããšãã倧ããªå©ç¹ãæããŠ
ããã ããããªããç¹°ãè¿ããŠã®åŸªç°å䜿çšã«ããã
觊åªæ¶²äžã«ã¯ãçæã¢ã«ãããã®èžççã«ããå
é¢ã®éã«ãåé¢ãåŸãªãçæã¢ã«ããããããé«
沞ç¹ã®åå¿å¯çç©ïŒä»¥äžãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãšã
ãïŒãèç©ããŠãããéåžžå·¥æ¥çãªãªã¬ãã€ã³ã®
ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã¯ãäžå®å®¹éã®åå¿åšã«é£
ç¶çã«äžå®éã®åå¿åæãäŸçµŠããããšã«ããå®
æœããããããããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã埪ç°è§Š
åªæ¶²äžã«èç©ãããšèç©å®¹éåã«çžåœããã ã觊
åªæ¶²å šäœã®å®¹éãå¢å€§ããå®ãããã容éã®åå¿
容åšã§ã¯ãæäœã®ç¶æãäžå¯èœãšãªããããšãïŒ
åã®åå¿åœãã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®çæéã埮é
ã§ãã€ãŠãåå¿âçæã¢ã«ãããåé¢âå埪ç°ã®
ç¹°ãè¿ãã«ããèç©éã¯èšå€§ãªéãšãªããåŸã€ãŠ
çæããã¢ã«ãããã®ã¿ã§ãªãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©
ãããäœããã®æ段ã§ããã®çæéã«èŠåãéã
ããåå¿ç³»å€ã«æãåºãå¿ èŠãããã ãšããã§ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»ãã觊åªæ¶²é
ãäžå®ã®ç¯å²ã«ç¶æããæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯äžèšã®ïŒæ¹
æ³ãèããããã 該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ã®äžå®
éãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®çæéèŠåãã§ããŒãž
ããæ¹æ³ 該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ã«å€§é
ã®åŸªç°ã¬ã¹ãéå ¥ãã¬ã¹ã¹ããªããã³ã°ããæ¹
æ³ è©²ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ããæœ
åºåŠçãåžçåŠççã«ããéžæçã«ææ©é«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ã®ã¿ãé€å»ããæ¹æ³ 該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ãèžç
ã«ä»ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ã¿ãéžæçã«çåºã
ããæ¹æ³ã ããã§ããããã®æ¹æ³ãå·¥æ¥çã«æ¡çšããå Žå
ã®åé¡ç¹ã«ã€ããŠèãããšããŸãã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã
ã°çæãããã¹ãŠã®å¯çç©ãé€å»ã§ãããåæã«
觊åªæ§æåã§ãã第æ貎éå±åã³ããªã¢ãªãŒã«
ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããŒãžãããã®ã§ãããŒãžéã倧é
ã«ãªããšã³ã¹ãçã«å€§ããªæ倱ããŸããã次ã«
ã®æ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãé«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã觊åªåã³çæã¢
ã«ãããã®å šéãä¿æããåå¿åšã«å€§éã®åŸªç°å
å¿ã¬ã¹ãå°å ¥ããããšã«ããããããã«ãã«åå
å¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãããŠãçæã¢ã«ããããšé«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ãšãã¬ã¹ã¹ããªããã³ã°ããæ¹æ³ïŒç¹éæ52â
125103ïŒãç¥ãããŠãããããããªããããã®æ¹
æ³ã§ã¯ç¹ã«èžæ°å§ã®äœãé«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»ãã
ããã«ã倧éã®åŸªç°ã¬ã¹æµãèŠããããŸãé«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ã®çæéãšé€å»éãšã該埪ç°ã¬ã¹æµéã«ã
ã€ãŠå³å¯ã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããšãã極ããŠé£ãã
æäœãèŠæ±ãããããŸãã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãæœåº
åã¯åžççã«ã¯ã€ãã«éžææ§ã®åé¡ãããã®ã§ã
ããæåã¯åé¢ã§ããŠãä»ã®æåã¯åé¢ã§ããªã
ãšããåé¡ããããå·¥æ¥çã«å®æœããã®ã¯æ¥µããŠ
é£ãããæåŸã«ã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°ããã沞ç¹ãŸã§
ã®å¯çç©ã¯é€å»ãåŸããããã以äžã®æ²žç¹ã®ãã®
ã¯é€å»ãåŸãªããšããæ¬ ç¹ãããããã ããã®æ¬
ç¹ã¯ã®æ¹æ³ãšã®çµåãã«ããããçšåºŠè§£æ±ºã§ã
ãã ãšããã§ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã¯åŸªç°è§Šåªæ¶²äžã§è§Š
åªæ§æåã§ãã第æ貎éå±âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹
ãã€ã³é¯äœåã³éé¢ã®ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãš
åäžçžã圢æããŠãããåŸã€ãŠè©²ç¬¬æ貎éå±â
ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³é¯äœåã³éé¢ããªã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãå¹æçã«åå¿åž¯åã«å埪ç°ããã
ããšãèãããšã該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»å·¥çš
ã¯ã埪ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ãã該é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ã¿ãææé
éžæçã«é€å»ãåŸãã°ããã§ãªãã埪ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ã®
ä¿æãã觊åªæŽ»æ§ããã®é€å»å·¥çšã«ãããŠæãªã
ããªãããšãéèŠãªèŠä»¶ãšãªãã æ¬çºæè ãã¯äžèšã®èå¯ã«åºã¥ãç¹ã«ã®æ¹æ³
ã«é¢ããŠéææ€èšãéããçµæããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ã
ãããã«ãã«å觊åªãšããŠç¬¬æ貎éå±âããªã¢
ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåªãå«æãã觊åªæ¶²ã
ãã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã«ã¯ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã
ç¹ç°çã«æå¹ã§ããããšãèŠåºãããã®ç¥èŠã«åº
ã¥ããŠæ¬çºæãå®æããã å³ã¡ãæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãå·¥æ¥çæå©ã«ãªã¬ãã€
ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ãå®æœããæ¹æ³ãæäŸ
ããããšã«ããããã®ç®çã¯ã第æ貎éå±âã
ãªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœã觊åªãšããŠãéå°
ã®ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãåå¿æº¶åªåã³ææ©é«
沞ç¹å¯çç©ã®ååšäžããªã¬ãã€ã³ãäžé žåççŽ å
ã³æ°ŽçŽ ãšåå¿ãããŠåŸãããããããã«ãã«åå
å¿çæ液ããçæã¢ã«ããããåé¢ååŸããåŸã
觊åªåã³ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå«æããæ®æ¶²ã埪ç°
觊åªæ¶²ãšããŠåå¿ç³»ã«å埪ç°ãããããããã«ã
ã«åæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã該埪ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ã®å°ããšãäžéš
ãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãšããŠæãåºãã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãæ°Ž
èžæ°èžçããããšã«ããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®å°ã
ãšãäžéšãçåºããã猶åºæ¶²ãããããã«ãã«å
åå¿å·¥çšã«å埪ç°ãããããšã«ããã容æã«éæ
ãããã æ¬çºæã«ã€ãæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æããã«ãæ¬çºæ
ã¯ã第æ貎éå±âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯
äœè§Šåªãçšãããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åå
å¿ã«ãããŠåå¿ç³»ããæåºããã觊åªæ¶²ããææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãåé¢ããæ®æ¶²ã該ããããã«ãã«
ååå¿å·¥çšãžåŸªç°å䜿çšããå Žåã«é©çšãããã æ¬çºæã«ããããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«å
ã®åæãšããŠäœ¿çšããããªã¬ãã€ã³ãšããŠã¯ãïŒ
å以äžã®ãªã¬ãã€ã³æ§äžé£œåçµåãæããçåæ°Ž
çŽ ãç¹ã«çŽéç¶ãåã¯ãåå²éç¶ã®ãªã¬ãã€ã³ã
çšããããã奜ãŸããã¯ããšãã¬ã³ããããã¬
ã³ãïŒâããã³ãïŒâããã»ã³ãïŒâãªã¯ãã³ã
ïŒâããã»ã³ãïŒâããã©ãã»ã³çã®ïŒå以äžã®
ççŽ ååãæããçŽéαâãªã¬ãã€ã³ãçšããã
ãããïŒâããã³ãïŒâãã³ãã³ãïŒâããã»ã³
çã®å éšãªã¬ãã€ã³åã¯ç°ç¶ãªã¬ãã€ã³ãçšãã
ããã ãŸããã€ãœããã³çã®ãããªãã³æ§é ãæãã
ãªã¬ãã€ã³ãçšããããšãã§ããã åå¿åšã«äŸçµŠãããäžé žåççŽ åã³æ°ŽçŽ ã®æ··å
ã¬ã¹ã¯ãéåžžãæ°Žæ§ã¬ã¹ãŸãã¯ããªããœã¬ã¹ãšç§°
ãããããã®ä»£è¡šçãªçµæäŸã¯ãH2ïŒCOïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã20ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã§ããã ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã«çšãããã第æ貎é
å±âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§ŠåªãšããŠ
ã¯ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã«ããåå¿çæ液ãã
çæã¢ã«ããããèžçåé¢ããæ®æ¶²äžã«å«ãŸãã
觊åªã埪ç°äœ¿çšãããããåå¿éå§æåã³è£çµŠæ
ã«äŸçµŠããã觊åªã¯ã第æ貎éå±ã®ååç©ãäŸ
ãã°æ°ŽçŽ åç©ãããã²ã³åç©ãã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãç¡
é žå¡©ãç¡«é žå¡©çããšããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãšã
ãå ¬ç¥ã®é¯äœåœ¢ææ¹æ³ã«ãã容æã«èª¿è£œããããš
ãã§ããããã®é¯äœè§Šåªãåå¿ã«äœ¿çšããéã«
ã¯ãäžèšç¬¬æ貎éå±ã®ååç©ãšããªã¢ãªãŒãã¹
ãã€ã³ãšããäºãé¯äœã調補ããŠåŸãåå¿ç³»ã«å°
å ¥ããŠäœ¿çšããŠãããããåå¿ç³»ã«ç¬¬æ貎éå±
ã®ååç©ãšããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãšãäŸçµŠããŠ
åå¿ç³»å ã§é¯äœã圢æãããŠäœ¿çšããŠãããã é¯äœã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããã第æ貎éå±å
åç©ãšããŠãå ·äœçã«ã¯ãäžå¡©åã«ãããŠã ãã
ãã©ã¢ããã«ãããŠã ããããã·ã¯ããªãçã®ã«
ãããŠã ååç©ïŒããžãŠã ãžã«ã«ããã«ã¯ããª
ããç¡é žããžãŠã ãäžå¡©åããžãŠã ãé ¢é žããžãŠ
ã ãç¡«é žããžãŠã çã®ããžãŠã ååç©ïŒæ°ŽçŽ åã
ã©ãžãŠã ãå¡©åãã©ãžãŠã ãæ²åãã©ãžãŠã ãç¡
é žãã©ãžãŠã ãã·ã¢ã³åãã©ãžãŠã ãé ¢é žãã©ãž
ãŠã ãç¡«é žãã©ãžãŠã çã®ãã©ãžãŠã ååç©ïŒäž
å¡©åãªã¹ããŠã ãã¯ãã«ãªã¹ããŠã é žçã®ãªã¹ã
ãŠã ååç©ïŒäžèåã€ãªãžãŠã ãåèåã€ãªãžãŠ
ã ãäžåŒåã€ãªãžãŠã ãäžå¡©åã€ãªãžãŠã ãã€ãª
ãžãŠã ã«ã«ããã«çã®ã€ãªãžãŠã ååç©ïŒçœé
é žãæ²å第äžçœéããããµã¯ãã«çœéé žãããªãŠ
ã ãããªã¯ãã«ïŒãšãã¬ã³ïŒç¬¬äºçœéé žã«ãªãŠã
çã®çœéååç©ãæããããã é äœåã®ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãšããŠã¯ãã
ãªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ã䜿çšããã®ãæã奜ãŸã
ãããããªâïœâããªã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããªâïœâ
ããªã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããªãã·ãªã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãã
ãªã¹ïŒïœâãšãã«ããšãã«ïŒãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ãã
ãªãããšãã«åºäžã«äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºãæãã眮æ
ããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããªã¹ïŒïœâã¡ããã·
ããšãã«ïŒãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ãããªãããšãã«åºäžã«
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãæãã眮æããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€
ã³ããªã©ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§äžæŽ»æ§
ãªçœ®æåºãçµåããŠããåçš®ã®ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹
ãã€ã³ã䜿çšããããåœæ¥è ã«åšç¥ã®åŠãããã®
é¯äœè§Šåªã®ç±å®å®æ§ã®å¢å€§åã³çæã¢ã«ãããäž
ã®æçšãªçŽéã¢ã«ãããã®çæå²åã®å¢å€§ã®ãã
ã«ãéåžžãããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³çã®ç¬¬äžçŽã
ã¹ãã€ã³ãåå¿ç³»å ã«å ±åããããããã®å ±åé
ã¯ãåå¿ç³»å ã®é¯äœè§Šåªã«å¯ŸããŠã¢ã«æ¯ã§æ°åå
ãæ°çŸåã®éå°éã§ããã åå¿ã¯éåžžãäžæŽ»æ§æº¶åªäžã§è¡ãªããããåå¿
溶åªãšããŠã¯ãåæåã³è§Šåªã溶解ãããããã
ã«ãã«ååå¿ã«å¯ŸããŠé»å®³äœçšããªãããã€åå¿
çæ液ãèžçã«ããçæã¢ã«ããããšè§Šåªã溶解
ããŠããæ®æ¶²ãšã«åé¢ããããšãã§ããããã«ã
çæããã¢ã«ããããããé«æ²žç¹ã®ãã®ã䜿çšã
ãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ããã³ãŒã³ããã«ãšã³ããã·ã¬
ã³çã®è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ ãããã¿ã³ããã«ã³çã®é£œ
åèèªæçåæ°ŽçŽ ãé ¢é žããã«ãé ªé žãšãã«çã®
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ããããã¯ãã¿ããŒã«çã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
é¡çã䜿çšããããææãªãã°ãçæããã¢ã«ã
ããèªäœãåå¿æº¶åªãšããŠçšããŠãããã æ¬çºæã«ããããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«å
åå¿ã¯ãéåžžé£ç¶åŒã®åå¿åšã«åæã§ãããªã¬ã
ã€ã³ããªããœã¬ã¹ãåã³åŸªç°è§Šåªæ¶²ãé£ç¶çã«äŸ
絊ããéåžžã倧æ°å§ä»¥äžã奜ãŸããã¯30ã100
KgïŒcm2ã®ãªããœã¬ã¹åå§åã³50ã200â奜ãŸãã
ã¯70ã150âã®åå¿æž©åºŠã«ãŠå®æœãããã åå¿åšããæãåºãããããããã«ãã«ååå¿
çæ液ããã¯ãæ°æ¶²åé¢ãèžçºãèžççã®å ¬ç¥ã®
æ¹æ³ã«ãããæªåå¿ãªããœã¬ã¹ãæªåå¿ãªã¬ãã€
ã³ãåã³çæã¢ã«ããããåé¢ããé¯äœè§Šåªãå«
æãã觊åªæ¶²ã¯ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿åšã«å埪
ç°ãããããã®éã埪ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ã®å°ããšãäžéšã¯
å¯çããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®èç©ãé¿ããããã«
é£ç¶çãŸãã¯éæçã«åå¿ç³»å€ã«æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãšã
ãŠæãåºãããã æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã¯ããã®åå¿ç³»å€ã«æãåºãããæ
åºè§Šåªæ¶²ã«çŽæ¥é©çšããããšãã§ããããéåžž
ã¯ãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ããæŽã«èžççã®å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ã
ãåå¿æº¶åªãé€å»ããŠãããæ¬çºææ¹æ³ãé©çšã
ãã®ãæå©ã§ããã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ããã®åå¿æº¶åª
ã®é€å»ã¯ãéåžžã®èžçãäŸãã°ãåžžå§ãŸãã¯æžå§
èžçãããã¯ãã¬ã¹å¹èŸŒã¿ã«ããã¹ããªããã³ã°
çã®æ¹æ³ã«ããè¡ãªããããèžçã¯è©²æåºè§Šåªæ¶²
äžã®æº¶åªå«éã20ééïŒ ä»¥äžã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒéé
ïŒ ä»¥äžãæã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒïŒ ã«ãªãããã«è¡ãªã
ã®ã奜ãŸããã 該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ã¯ããã®ãŸãŸãããã¯äžèšæº¶åªé€
å»å·¥çšã®åŸãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã«äŸããã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²
ããã®ãŸãŸæ°Žèžæ°èžçã«äŸããå Žåã«ã¯ãåå¿æº¶
åªåã³ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçå¡ã®å¡é ã
ãçåºãããããã®å Žåææãªãã°è©²çåºæ¶²ãã
ãã«èžçããããšã«ãã€ãŠæº¶åªãšææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ãšã«åé¢ãã溶åªãååããããšãã§ããã ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®å 容ã¯å€å²ã«ãããè€éã§
ããããäž»ãšããŠããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã§çæã
ãã¢ã«ãããã®ïŒæ¬¡çå¯åå¿ã§çæãããã®ã§ã
ããããšãã°ããããã¬ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åå
å¿ã«ãããŠã¯ãçŽéç¶ã®ïœâããã«ã¢ã«ããããš
åå²éç¶ã®ïœâããã«ã¢ã«ããããšãçæãã
ãããããã®ã¢ã«ãããçæç©ã¯åå¿æ§ã«å¯ã¿ã
ãèªäœè§Šåªã®äžååšäžã§ããããæ¯èŒçäœæž©ã«ã
ããŠããã€ãããéååå¿ãŸãã¯çž®ååå¿ãèµ·ã
ãŠé«æ²žç¹ã®éçž®åçæç©ãçæããããããã®é«
沞ç¹ã®éåç©ãŸãã¯çž®åç©ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãäž
èšã®åŠã圢æ ã®ç©è³ªãæãããããå³ã¡ãïœâã
ãã«ã¢ã«ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã®èªå·±éåç©ã§ãã
äºéäœã®ã¢ã«ããŒã«åã³äžéäœãçž®åäºéäœã§ã
ãïŒâãšãã«ããã»ããŒã«ããã®æ°ŽçŽ åç©ã§ãã
ïŒâãšãã«ãããµããŒã«åã³ïŒâãšãã«ãããµã
ãŒã«ãïœâããã«ã¢ã«ãããã®æ°ŽçŽ åç©ã§ããïœ
âãã¿ããŒã«ããããã¯ïœâããã«ã¢ã«ãããã®
ãžããã«ã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«çã§ããããŸãïœâããã«ã¢
ã«ããããããïœâããã«ã¢ã«ããããšåæ§ãªå
å¿ã§èªå·±éåç©ã§ããäºéäœãäžéäœãçæãã
ããã«ïœâããã«ã¢ã«ããããšïœâããã«ã¢ã«ã
ãããšã®äº€äºéåçæç©ã§ããäºéäœãäžéäœå
ã³ãããã®èªå°äœãçæããããŸããããã以å€
ã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ããããã¬ã³ã®ããããã«ã
ã«ååå¿ã§å¯çããããšãç¥ãããŠããã該ææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã¯äžèšäŸããæãããªåŠããçæã¢
ã«ãããéªšæ Œã®ïŒéäœãïŒéäœçãå«ããã®ã§ã
ããçæã¢ã«ããããããé«æ²žç¹ã§ããã®ã§ãå
ãªãã¢ã«ãããèžçå·¥çšã§ã¯é€å»ãåŸãªãã ããŠãæ°Žèžæ°èžçå¡ã«ãããŠã¯ã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²
äžã®é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®å°ããšãäžéšãæ°Žèžæ°ãšå ±ã«
çåºãããŠé€å»ããã ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»ããæ°Žèžæ°èžçå¡ã®æ
äœæ¡ä»¶ã¯é€å»ãã¹ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®éãææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ç©æ§ã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã«äŸçµŠãã
æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ã®éåã³è©²æåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®é«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ã®æ¿åºŠçã®æ¡ä»¶ã«ãã決ããããäžæŠã«èŠå®ã§
ããªããã觊åªã®å®å®æ§ã®é¢ãã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡
ã®å¡åºæž©åºŠãéåžž200â以äžã奜ãŸããã¯170â以
äžãæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯150â以äžã«ç¶æãã¹ãããŸ
ã奜ãŸããã¯å¡å ã«ãããŠæ°Žèžæ°ãåçž®ããŠçŒ¶åº
液ã«æ··å ¥ããããšããªãããã«ããã®æäœå§ãæ°Ž
èžæ°å¹èŸŒã¿éåã³ïŒãŸãã¯å€éšããã®å ç±çã«ã
ã€ãŠèª¿ç¯ããã 該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã¯å€§æ°å§ä»¥äžã奜ãŸããã¯æžå§
äžã§æäœãããååãŸãã¯é£ç¶æ¹åŒã«ããæ°Žèžæ°
èžçãå®æœãããã 該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã®é転ã«éããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãé€
å»ãã¹ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®éã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡
ã«äŸçµŠãããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã«å«ãŸããææ©é«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ã®éãããã¡ããããå°ãªãå Žåã«ã¯æåº
觊åªæ¶²äžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®äžéšã®ã¿ãé€å»ã
ããããªæž©åãªïŒmildïŒæäœæ¡ä»¶ãçšãããããŸ
ããé€å»ãã¹ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®éã該氎èžæ°
èžçå¡ã«äŸçµŠãããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯
çç©ã®éãšåçšåºŠã®å Žåã«ã¯æåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®ææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ã»ãšãã©å šéãé€å»ãããããªé
é ·ãªïŒsevereïŒæäœæ¡ä»¶ãçšãããããåŸã€ãŠé€
å»ãã¹ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®éãšè©²æ°Žèžæ°èžçå¡
ã«äŸçµŠãããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®
éãšã®é¢ä¿ã§ã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã®æäœæ¡ä»¶ã¯é©å®
éžæãããã æ°Žèžæ°èžçã¯ãã®æäœã«é¢ããŠãç¹ã«éå®ãã
ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãéåžžå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè¡ãªãã
ããäŸãã°ã該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã®èžç猶ã®äžã«æ°Žèž
æ°ãçŽæ¥å¹èŸŒããããŸãã¯æ°Žèžæ°ãå¹èŸŒã¿ãªãã
å€éšããå ç±ããæ¹æ³çã§è¡ãªãããããããã
ã®æ¹æ³ã«éå®ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã 該氎èžæ°èžçå¡ã«ãããŠã¯å¡é ããã¯ææé
ã®ãå³ã¡ãåå¿ã§å¯çããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ç
æéèŠåãã®ãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãçåºãããäž
æ¹å¡åºããã¯ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©å«éã®æžå°ãã猶
åºæ¶²ãæåºãã該猶åºæ¶²ã®å€§éšåã¯ããããã«ã
ã«ååå¿å·¥çšã«å埪ç°ãããããäžéšåã¯è©²æ°Žèž
æ°èžçå¡ã§é€å»ãåŸãªãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»
ããããã«ãç³»å€ã«å»è§Šåªæ¶²ãšããŠããŒãžããã®
ã奜ãŸããããŸãå¡åºããæåºããã猶åºæ¶²ãäº
液çžã«ãªã€ãŠããå ŽåïŒå¹èŸŒã¿æ°Žèžæ°ã®äžéšãå
çž®ããŠæ··å ¥ããŠããå ŽåïŒã«ã¯æ²¹æ°Žåé¢ããã®
ã¡ããã®æ²¹å±€ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿å·¥çšã«å埪
ç°ãããã®ã奜ãŸãããç³»å€ã«ããŒãžãããå»è§Š
åªæ¶²ããã¯ãæ¶æçã®å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã§éé¢ããªã¢ãª
ãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãååããã®ã¡ãå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ãã
ãšãã°æ°ŽäžççŒæ³ïŒç¹éæ50â39690ïŒã«ãã第
æ貎éå±ãååããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è¶£æšã¯æåºè§Šåªæ¶²äžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ã®é€å»ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçæ³ã§å®æœããããšã«ããã
ããããŠããã®é€å»å·¥çšã«ãããŠãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²äž
ã«å«æããã觊åªã«åºæã®æŽ»æ§ã倱ãããšãªãã
ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ãéæãåŸãã®ã¯ãæ°Žèž
æ°èžçã®ã¿ã§ããã 該ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ããéåžžã®èžçæ³ã
äŸãã°ç空èžçæ³ããããã¯çªçŽ ã¬ã¹å¹èŸŒã«ãã
ã¬ã¹ã¹ããªããã³ã°æ³çã§å®æœããå Žåãæ°Žèžæ°
èžçæ³ã«èŠåãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©é€å»éãéæã
ãããã«ã¯ããã®é€å»å·¥çšã«ãããŠè§Šåªåºæã®æŽ»
æ§ãèããäœäžãããããšã«ãªããåŸã€ãŠè©²ææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã«ãããæ¬çºæã®å¹æã¯ãæ°Ž
èžæ°èžçã®æ¡çšã«ãã€ãŠã®ã¿éæããããã®ã§ã
ããä»ã®èžçæ³ã§ã¯ãéæãåŸãªãã®ã§ãããæ
æ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã«æ°Žèžæ°èžçã®ã¿ãç¹ã«æ
å¹ã§ããçç±ã¯æããã§ã¯ãªããã以äžã®å®æœäŸ
ã«ç€ºãåŠããåäžã®æäœæž©åºŠã«ãããèžçã«ãã€
ãŠãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã«ããå Žåã®ã¿ã觊åªæŽ»æ§ãç¶æ
ãåŸãã®ã¯æ³šç®ãã¹ãããšã§ããã 以äžã詳现ã«èª¬æããããã«æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«ãã
ã°ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿ã§å¯çããææ©é«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ãã觊åªã®æŽ»æ§ãäœãæãããšãªãæåºè§Š
åªæ¶²ããé€å»ãã猶åºæ¶²ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿
å·¥çšã«åŸªç°å䜿çšããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãæ¬çºæ
ã®å·¥æ¥çæ矩ã¯ã極ããŠå€§ããã ãŸãã猶åºæ¶²ã®äžéšãåå¿ç³»å€ã«å»è§Šåªæ¶²ãšã
ãŠããŒãžããŠãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã§ããªããã€é€å»ãåŸ
ãªãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãé€å»ãããšå ±ã«ãå ¬ç¥ã®
æ¹æ³ã«ãã第æ貎éå±è§Šåªåã³ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ã
ã¹ãã€ã³ã®åé¢ååãè¡ãªãããšã«ãããããã
ãã«ãã«ååå¿ã«ãããå»è§Šåªæ¶²ãããæçšãã€
é«äŸ¡ãªããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãåã³ç¬¬æ貎é
å±ãé«åçãé«çŽåºŠã§åé¢ååã§ãããããã¯ã
ãããã«ãã«ååå¿ç³»ã«å䜿çšããããšãã§ãã
ã®ã§ããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«ååå¿ãå·¥æ¥
çæå©ã«å®æœããããšãã§ããããŸãããã®ãã
ãªæ¹æ³ã«ããã°ã第æ貎éå±åã³ããªã¢ãªãŒã«
ãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ååã®ããã«ç³»å€ã«ããŒãžãã¹ãå»
觊åªæ¶²ã®æ¶²éãæ¿æžãããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãã
ã®ç¹ã«ãããŠããæ¬çºæã®å·¥æ¥çæ矩ã¯æ¥µããŠå€§
ããã 次ã«å®æœäŸã«ãããæ¬çºæãããã«å ·äœçã«èª¬
æããããæ¬çºæã¯ããã®èŠæšãè¶ããªãéãã
以äžã®å®æœäŸã«ããéå®ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã éå°ã®ããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ååšåãããž
ãŠã âããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯äœè§Šåªãçšã
ãŠå·¥æ¥åå¿è£ 眮ã§ãããã¬ã³ãããããã«ãã«å
åå¿ãããŠåŸãããããããã«ãã«ååå¿çæ液
ããæªåå¿ãªã¬ãã€ã³åã³çæã¢ã«ããããåé¢
ããåŸãããããã«ãã«ååå¿ç³»ãžå埪ç°ããã
觊åªæ¶²ã®äžéšãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãšããŠæåºãã該æåº
觊åªæ¶²ãã溶åªãã«ãšã³ã®å€§éšåãéåžžã®èžçã§
åé¢ããè¡šâïŒã®çµæãæããéæ®æ¶²ïŒä»¥äžãæ
åºè§Šåªæ¶²ïŒïŒãšããïŒãåŸãããã®æåºè§Šåªæ¶²
ïŒïŒãæ°Žèžæ°å¹èŸŒå£ãã³ã³ãã³ãµãŒãçåºæ¶²å
åšãå ·åãã500mlã®ãã·åãã©ã¹ã³éã«å ¥ãã
éã®æž©åºŠã150âã«ä¿ã€ãŠãåžžå§äžãæ°Žæ±1000mm
ã«å ç±ããæ°Žèžæ°ã200NïŒhrã®æµéã§å¹èŸŒ
ã¿ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçãè¡ãªã€ãããã®çµæ油局çåºæ¶²
75.3ïœãåŸããããåŸããã油局ã®åæããææ©
é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®çåºéã¯62ïœã§ããããã®ä»ã®æ²¹
å±€çåºç©ã®å€§éšåã¯ãã«ãšã³ã§ããããšãå€æã
ããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»çã¯88ïŒ ïŒïŒ62ïŒ70
Ã100ïŒã§ãã€ãããªãããžãŠã ã¯100ïŒ ããããª
ããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ã¯99ïŒ ãéäžã«æ®åãã猶åº
液ãšããŠæãåºãããã
(a) å®éšâïŒ
å®æœäŸïŒã®æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ïŒïŒ50mlãå
容ç©200
mlã®é»ç£äžäžæ¹æåšä»ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«ä»èŸŒãã
次ã«ãããã¬ã³10.5ïœãèžçä»èŸŒã¿ã«ããä»èŸŒ
ã¿ã110âã«ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒããææž©åŸãH2ïŒCO
ïŒ4.0ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã®ãªããœã¬ã¹ã50KgïŒcm2ãŸã§
å§å ¥ããçŽã¡ã«H2ïŒCOïŒ1.0ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã®ãªããœ
ã¬ã¹ãèå§åšããèªåå®å§è£ 眮ãçµç±ããŠãªãŒã
ã¯ã¬ãŒãã«äŸçµŠãããèå§åšã®ãªããœã¬ã¹æ¶è²»é
床ããåå¿é床å®æ°ïŒïŒæ¬¡ïŒãæ±ãããšãã
2.8hr-1ã§ãã€ãã (b) å®éšâïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã§åŸããã猶åºæ¶²ã«ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã§ç
åºããããã«ãšã³åã³é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå ããŠèª¿è£œ
ãããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ïŒïŒãšåäžæ¿åºŠã®è§Šåªæ¶²ã䜿
çšãã以å€ã¯å®éšâïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠåå¿ãè¡ãª
ããåå¿é床å®æ°ïŒïŒæ¬¡ïŒãæ±ãããšããã
3.0hr-1ã§ãã€ããåŸã€ãŠè§Šåªã®æ¯æŽ»æ§ïŒïŒèžç
æäœåŸã®åå¿é床å®æ°ïŒèžçæäœåã®åå¿é床å®
æ°ïŒã¯1.07ïŒïŒ3.0ïŒ2.8ïŒã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã æ°Žèžæ°èžçã®éã®æž©åºŠã120âãå§åã50mmHg
ãšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠæ°Žèžæ°èžçã
è¡ãªããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ïŒïŒããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©
ãé€å»ãããçåºç©ãåæãããšããææ©é«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ã®é€å»çã¯87ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã ãŸãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠã觊åªã®æŽ»æ§ãæ±ã
ããšãããèžçæäœåŸã®åå¿é床å®æ°ïŒïŒæ¬¡ïŒã¯
2.9hr-1ãæ¯æŽ»æ§ã¯1.02ã§ãã€ãã æ¯èŒäŸ ïŒãïŒ ãæ°Žèžæ°èžç以å€ã®èžçåŠçã«ããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²
ããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã è¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãèžç圢åŒåã³å§åã§èžçãè¡ãªã€
ã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²
ïŒïŒããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ãè¡ãªã€
ããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»çãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§
ã«ããŠæ±ããèžçåŸã®åå¿é床å®æ°ïŒïŒæ¬¡ïŒåã³
æ¯æŽ»æ§ãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãã
mlã®é»ç£äžäžæ¹æåšä»ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«ä»èŸŒãã
次ã«ãããã¬ã³10.5ïœãèžçä»èŸŒã¿ã«ããä»èŸŒ
ã¿ã110âã«ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒããææž©åŸãH2ïŒCO
ïŒ4.0ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã®ãªããœã¬ã¹ã50KgïŒcm2ãŸã§
å§å ¥ããçŽã¡ã«H2ïŒCOïŒ1.0ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã®ãªããœ
ã¬ã¹ãèå§åšããèªåå®å§è£ 眮ãçµç±ããŠãªãŒã
ã¯ã¬ãŒãã«äŸçµŠãããèå§åšã®ãªããœã¬ã¹æ¶è²»é
床ããåå¿é床å®æ°ïŒïŒæ¬¡ïŒãæ±ãããšãã
2.8hr-1ã§ãã€ãã (b) å®éšâïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã§åŸããã猶åºæ¶²ã«ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçã§ç
åºããããã«ãšã³åã³é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ãå ããŠèª¿è£œ
ãããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ïŒïŒãšåäžæ¿åºŠã®è§Šåªæ¶²ã䜿
çšãã以å€ã¯å®éšâïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠåå¿ãè¡ãª
ããåå¿é床å®æ°ïŒïŒæ¬¡ïŒãæ±ãããšããã
3.0hr-1ã§ãã€ããåŸã€ãŠè§Šåªã®æ¯æŽ»æ§ïŒïŒèžç
æäœåŸã®åå¿é床å®æ°ïŒèžçæäœåã®åå¿é床å®
æ°ïŒã¯1.07ïŒïŒ3.0ïŒ2.8ïŒã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã æ°Žèžæ°èžçã®éã®æž©åºŠã120âãå§åã50mmHg
ãšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠæ°Žèžæ°èžçã
è¡ãªããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ïŒïŒããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©
ãé€å»ãããçåºç©ãåæãããšããææ©é«æ²žç¹
å¯çç©ã®é€å»çã¯87ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã ãŸãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠã觊åªã®æŽ»æ§ãæ±ã
ããšãããèžçæäœåŸã®åå¿é床å®æ°ïŒïŒæ¬¡ïŒã¯
2.9hr-1ãæ¯æŽ»æ§ã¯1.02ã§ãã€ãã æ¯èŒäŸ ïŒãïŒ ãæ°Žèžæ°èžç以å€ã®èžçåŠçã«ããæåºè§Šåªæ¶²
ããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ã è¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãèžç圢åŒåã³å§åã§èžçãè¡ãªã€
ã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²
ïŒïŒããã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»ãè¡ãªã€
ããææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»çãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§
ã«ããŠæ±ããèžçåŸã®åå¿é床å®æ°ïŒïŒæ¬¡ïŒåã³
æ¯æŽ»æ§ãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
å®æœäŸåã³æ¯èŒäŸã®çµæããæãããªåŠããã»
ãŒåäžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©é€å»çãéæããæ¡ä»¶
ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçæ¹åŒã«ããã°è§Šåªã®æŽ»æ§
äœäžã䜵起ããããšãªãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»
ãå¯èœã§ããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãç空èžçãããã¯çªçŽ
ã«ããã¬ã¹ã¹ããªããã³ã°ã§ã¯è§Šåªã®æŽ»æ§ã¯èã
ãäœäžããæ°Žèžæ°èžçã®ç¹ç°ãªæå¹æ§ãæããã§
ããã
ãŒåäžã®ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©é€å»çãéæããæ¡ä»¶
ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçæ¹åŒã«ããã°è§Šåªã®æŽ»æ§
äœäžã䜵起ããããšãªãææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®é€å»
ãå¯èœã§ããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãç空èžçãããã¯çªçŽ
ã«ããã¬ã¹ã¹ããªããã³ã°ã§ã¯è§Šåªã®æŽ»æ§ã¯èã
ãäœäžããæ°Žèžæ°èžçã®ç¹ç°ãªæå¹æ§ãæããã§
ããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ ç¬¬æ貎éå±âããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ç³»é¯
äœã觊åªãšããŠãéå°ã®ããªã¢ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€
ã³ãåå¿æº¶åªåã³ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®ååšäžããª
ã¬ãã€ã³ãäžé žåççŽ åã³æ°ŽçŽ ãšåå¿ãããŠåŸã
ããããããã«ãã«ååå¿çæ液ããçæã¢ã«ã
ãããåé¢ååŸããåŸã觊åªåã³ææ©é«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ãå«æããæ®æ¶²ã埪ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ãšããŠåå¿ç³»ã«å
埪ç°ãããããããã«ãã«åæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã該埪
ç°è§Šåªæ¶²ã®å°ããšãäžéšãæåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãšããŠæåº
ãã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ãæ°Žèžæ°èžçããããšã«ããæ
æ©é«æ²žç¹å¯çç©ã®å°ããšãïŒéšãçåºããã猶åº
液ãããããã«ãã«ååå¿å·¥çšã«å埪ç°ãããã
ãšãç¹åŸŽãšãããªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åæ¹
æ³ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ãªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ã
ãããã«ãã«åæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã第æ貎éå±ãã
ãžãŠã ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé åã¯ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ãªã¬
ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠãããªã¢
ãªãŒã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ã§ã
ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé ã第ïŒé ã®ããããã«
èšèŒã®ãªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åæ¹æ³ã«ãã
ãŠã該æåºè§Šåªæ¶²ããåå¿æº¶åªã®äžéšãŸãã¯å šéš
ãé€å»ããåŸã«æ°Žèžæ°èžçã«äŸããããšãç¹åŸŽãš
ããæ¹æ³ã
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12179679A JPS5645436A (en) | 1979-09-21 | 1979-09-21 | Hydroformylation of olefin |
| NL8005027A NL8005027A (nl) | 1979-09-21 | 1980-09-05 | Werkwijze voor het hydroformyleren van alkenen. |
| GB8029751A GB2061266B (en) | 1979-09-21 | 1980-09-15 | Process for the hydroformylation of olefins |
| BR8005962A BR8005962A (pt) | 1979-09-21 | 1980-09-18 | Aperfeicoamento em processo para a hidroformilacao de olefinas |
| DE19803035468 DE3035468A1 (de) | 1979-09-21 | 1980-09-19 | Verfahren zur hydroformylierung von olefinen |
| US06/189,427 US4322564A (en) | 1979-09-21 | 1980-09-22 | Process for hydroformylation of olefins |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12179679A JPS5645436A (en) | 1979-09-21 | 1979-09-21 | Hydroformylation of olefin |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5645436A JPS5645436A (en) | 1981-04-25 |
| JPS6157814B2 true JPS6157814B2 (ja) | 1986-12-09 |
Family
ID=14820120
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12179679A Granted JPS5645436A (en) | 1979-09-21 | 1979-09-21 | Hydroformylation of olefin |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4322564A (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS5645436A (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR8005962A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE3035468A1 (ja) |
| GB (1) | GB2061266B (ja) |
| NL (1) | NL8005027A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5682871A (en) * | 1979-12-12 | 1981-07-06 | Seitetsu Kagaku Co Ltd | Method for preventing corrosion of metal in aerosol product |
| JPS5841830A (ja) * | 1981-09-07 | 1983-03-11 | Nissan Chem Ind Ltd | ãªããœæ³ã«ããã¢ã«ã³âã«ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
| DE3341035A1 (de) * | 1983-11-12 | 1985-05-23 | Ruhrchemie Ag, 4200 Oberhausen | Verfahren zur herstellung von aldehyden |
| GB2192182B (en) * | 1986-07-01 | 1990-05-23 | Davy Mckee | Process for the production of aldehydes |
| US5053551A (en) * | 1986-07-01 | 1991-10-01 | Davy Mckee (London) Limited | Process for the production of aldehydes by hydroformylation |
| EP0272608B1 (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1992-03-04 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation | Process for the hydroformylation of an olefin |
| JPH0643857A (ja) * | 1992-07-22 | 1994-02-18 | Pearl Gakki Seizo Kk | æ楜åšã®å ±é³ŽèŽããã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
| ZA96178B (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 1997-06-30 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Organic compounds and processes for their manufacture |
| DE20210904U1 (de) * | 2002-07-19 | 2003-08-21 | Holzlehner Martin | Desodorierende Zubereitung zur Anwendung auf der menschlichen haut |
| US7667079B2 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2010-02-23 | Oxea Corporation | Processes for recovery of a triarylphosphine from a group VIII metal catalyst complex mixture |
| KR20220041177A (ko) | 2019-07-29 | 2022-03-31 | ìŽì€ížë§ ìŒë¯žì¹Œ 컎íë | ìŽë¶íŽ ë° ê°ë©íì¬ë¶íŽë¡ë¶í°ì ì¬íì©ë ëšë첎륌 ê°ë íŽëŠ¬ìì€í 륎ì ì ì¡° ë°©ë² |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1945574B2 (de) * | 1968-09-14 | 1975-01-23 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tokio | Verfahren zur RÃŒckgewinnung eines Rhodiumkatalysators aus einem Oxo-Reaktionsprodukt |
| US3998622A (en) * | 1975-12-23 | 1976-12-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Rhodium from hydroformylation still heels |
| FR2351077A1 (fr) * | 1976-05-13 | 1977-12-09 | Celanese Corp | Procede perfectionne d'hydroformylation des olefines avec un catalyseur complexe au rhodium |
-
1979
- 1979-09-21 JP JP12179679A patent/JPS5645436A/ja active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-09-05 NL NL8005027A patent/NL8005027A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-09-15 GB GB8029751A patent/GB2061266B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-18 BR BR8005962A patent/BR8005962A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-09-19 DE DE19803035468 patent/DE3035468A1/de active Granted
- 1980-09-22 US US06/189,427 patent/US4322564A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3035468C2 (ja) | 1988-07-28 |
| BR8005962A (pt) | 1981-03-31 |
| NL8005027A (nl) | 1981-03-24 |
| GB2061266A (en) | 1981-05-13 |
| US4322564A (en) | 1982-03-30 |
| DE3035468A1 (de) | 1981-04-09 |
| GB2061266B (en) | 1983-10-19 |
| JPS5645436A (en) | 1981-04-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0484977B1 (en) | Improved mixed aldehyde product separation | |
| US4247486A (en) | Cyclic hydroformylation process | |
| EP0016285B2 (en) | Process for the production of valeraldehydes by hydroformylation of butene-1 | |
| EP0016286A2 (en) | Hydroformylation process | |
| EP0158517B1 (en) | Process for the production of ethylene glycol | |
| MXPA05001396A (es) | Procedimiento para la obtencion de aldehidos mediante la hidroformilacion de compuestos olefinicamente insaturados, catalizado con complejos de metal no modificados en presencia de esteres ciclicos de acido carboxilico. | |
| US6969777B2 (en) | Method for the hydroformylation of olefins comprising 2 to 8 carbon atoms | |
| GB1582010A (en) | Cyclic hudroformylation process | |
| EP3083541A1 (en) | Hydroformylation process | |
| JPS6157814B2 (ja) | ||
| US5648553A (en) | Method for producing aldehydes | |
| US4792636A (en) | Process of recovering aldehydes | |
| EP3374340B1 (en) | Process for producing aldehydes | |
| EP0959063B1 (en) | Process for producing alcohols | |
| US4292448A (en) | Process for the hydroformylation of olefins | |
| JP2841689B2 (ja) | ãã¬ã«ã¢ã«ãããã®ç²Ÿè£œæ³ | |
| EP0097891B1 (en) | A method for refining crude aldehyde products | |
| JPH0764772B2 (ja) | ãªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åæ³ | |
| JP2021187800A (ja) | ã¢ã«ãããã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JP2511937B2 (ja) | ããããã«ãã«ååå¿å¯çç©ããã®æ䟡ç©ã®ååæ³ | |
| JPS584690B2 (ja) | ãªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åæ¹æ³ | |
| JP2000038359A (ja) | ã¢ã«ã³âã«ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPS5822132B2 (ja) | ãªã¬ãã€ã³ã®ããããã«ãã«åæ¹æ³ | |
| JPH07149684A (ja) | ã¢ã«ãããé¡ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |