JPS61261283A - Continuous quick composting process and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing compost, and more specifically, it relates to a method and an apparatus for producing compost, and more specifically, it relates to a method and an apparatus for producing compost, and more specifically, it relates to a method and an apparatus for producing compost. It relates to a method and apparatus for continuously producing odorless compost of extremely high quality by fermentation in an extremely short time and in a simple manner, and is useful not only in the technical field of fertilizers but also in pollution prevention and environmental hygiene. It is also extremely useful in various technical fields.

[Prior art and its problems]

Conventionally, as a method for fermenting organic matter in a short time and composting it, there is a method disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 11895/1983. In this method, compost raw materials are stored in a closed fermentation tank and fermented by forced ventilation to form compost.

However, with this method, the fermenter is almost sealed, so
Moisture generated by heat generation during fermentation condenses on the inner wall of the fermenter due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside, and these water droplets are absorbed by the compost material around the inner wall, and the material becomes sludge-like and unfermented, causing a foul odor. In addition, there is a disadvantage that the resulting compost has a high moisture content because it mixes with the fermented part, and it also requires a large aeration device to perform forced aeration, making the device complicated and large. At the same time, it had the disadvantage of being expensive.

Furthermore, as a method to improve the shortcomings of the above method,
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-29958, fertilizer raw materials are stored in a rotatable and highly breathable cage, warm air is supplied to this cage from a hollow shaft, etc., and while the cage is rotated, the fertilizer raw materials are Fermentation improves the heating and air contact of the contents, and also makes stirring easier, making fermentation more efficient.
Furthermore, an apparatus for producing odorless fertilizer based on animal human waste is disclosed, which uniformly converts animal human waste such as chicken manure into odorless fertilizer.

However, the apparatus for producing odorless animal human waste fertilizer disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-29958 is a so-called batch-type processing apparatus. It is necessary to take out all the fertilizer from the cage and then input new raw materials into the cage to restart the production of fertilizer, which not only makes continuous production of fertilizer impossible, but also makes it difficult to promote fermentation. Therefore, when enzymes, returned sludge, seed bacteria, etc. are added, they must be added to the raw materials each time, and the raw materials must be heated each time at the initial stage of fermentation.

[Purpose of the invention]

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composting method and device that solves the above-mentioned problems in composting organic matter. Targeting compostable organic waste such as sludge, the fertilizer raw material is housed in a rotatable, highly breathable cage and is rotated to produce the fertilizer raw material, as disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-29958. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composting method and apparatus that can perform continuous processing while retaining the characteristics of fermentation.

[Structure of the invention]

The present invention provides a cylinder having a plurality of ventilation holes at least on its circumferential surface, and partitioning the inside of the cylinder with a plurality of planes including an axis, extending toward the circumferential surface, and having ventilation holes to form a plurality of inner tanks. In the fermentation tank, one of the inner tanks is filled with unfermented compost raw materials, and the adjacent inner tank contains compost that has completed fermentation or is in the process of fermentation,
By rotating this cylindrical fermenter, the compost raw materials are stirred and fermented, and then the fermented compost is taken out.
A continuous rapid composting method characterized by refilling the unfermented compost raw material into the inner tank after taking it out, repeating the above-mentioned cycle, and taking out the fermented compost in sequence,
” and “A large number of ventilation holes are provided at least on the circumferential side, and the interior is partitioned by a plurality of partition plates that include the axis and extend toward the circumferential side and have ventilation holes to form a plurality of inner tanks, and each inner tank is A cylindrical fermentation tank with an opening/closing door.
A continuous rapid composting device comprising a rotating device for rotating the fermenter, and a cover that covers the entire fermenter and is equipped with a drain removal device. ”.

The present invention has the above-described configuration, wherein the inner tank contains unfermented compost raw materials, and the adjacent inner tank contains compost that has been fermented or is in the process of being fermented,
This cylindrical fermentation tank is rotated to stir and ferment the compost raw materials to produce compost.The fermented compost is then taken out, and the inner tank is filled with unfermented compost raw materials again. , the above cycle is repeated to produce compost continuously, and there is no need for the above-mentioned disadvantages such as the occurrence of condensation during the production process, and there is no need for the addition of enzymes or microorganisms or heating at the initial stage of fermentation, making it a delicate process. An important feature is that no operation is required.

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an embodiment of the composting fermentation apparatus of the second invention of the present application used in the composting method of the first invention of the present application.

The embodiment device shown in the figure includes a cylinder 1 provided with a large number of ventilation holes at least on the circumferential side, a rotation device 8 for rotating the core part 1,
It has a cover 11 for keeping the cylinder 1 warm in a ventilated state.

The tube 1 has a substantially cylindrical shape as a whole, and both ends are surrounded by flat pars 19, and a roller 20, which will be described later, is brought into contact with this so that the tube 1 is rotated by a rotating device 8. An acid-resistant and alkali-resistant synthetic resin mesh and a stainless steel mesh 3 are stretched around the circumferential side of the cylinder 1, and the meshes of the mesh 3 constitute ventilation holes.

In addition, in this example, the tube 1 is used horizontally, but
It may also be a vertical type in which the cylinder 1 is rotated in an upright position. Further, in this embodiment, a net is used to provide ventilation holes in the tube 1, but a large number of holes may be provided on the circumferential side of the tubular material to serve as ventilation holes.

Both end faces of the cylinder 1 may be similarly provided with ventilation holes, and it is also preferable to attach a heat insulating material 21 for the purpose of increasing heat retention and promoting fermentation.

The inside of this cylindrical fermenter l is partitioned by a mesh partition plate 22 to form, for example, inner tanks A, B, and C. Partition plate 2
2 is a plurality of planes including the axis and extending toward the circumferential side,
This forms a plurality of inner tanks. In other words, in the present invention, instead of cutting the tube 1 into rings using the partition plate, the tube is cut parallel to the axis of rotation of the tube, so to speak, in the longitudinal direction to form an inner tank having a columnar body with a fan-shaped cross section. That's what I do. The partition plate 22 has the same structure as described above.
Ventilation holes are provided using a mesh or by punching a large number of holes in the board itself.

Each inner tank is provided with a ventilation pipe 23. The ventilation pipe 23 is provided with a large number of pores 24 in order to aerate air, and if necessary, oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas into the inner tank to speed up aerobic fermentation. put. The ventilation pipe 23 is connected to the blower 25 via a coupler 24.

Inner tanks ASB and C are provided with opening/closing doors 26, 26' and 26'' on their peripheral sides, respectively, for taking in and out the contents.
Further, a large number of comb teeth 27 are implanted on the inner surface of the circumferential side to facilitate mixing and agitation of the contents.

FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the rotation system for the tube 1. In FIG. In this embodiment, as in the previous embodiment, the roller 2
0 and the flat parr 19 and rotate the roller 20 to rotate the cylinder 1. Instead, the roller 20 simply contacts the flat parr 19 to rotationally support the cylinder 1, and the cylinder 1 is rotated by rotating the roller 20. 1 rotation is the drive roller 2
A wire rope 29 is stretched between the flat parr 19 and the drive roller 28, and the driving roller 28 is driven to rotate by the rotating device 8, and the tube 1 is rotated by the wire 29.

An outer plate 30 and a belt conveyor 31 are provided below the cylinder 1 to facilitate taking out and collecting the contents of the inner tank.

Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the tube 1, in particular the porous attachment to its circumferential side, the rotary drive system of the tube, and the vent tube 2.
3 illustrates another example of the piping of No. 3.

In FIGS. 4 and 5, the tube 1 has a substantially cylindrical shape as a whole, and a disk 4°4 covering both ends is provided with a shaft 5.5, which is connected to a support 7.7. bearing 6 installed in
, 6 for rotatable support. On the circumferential side of tube 1,
The ribs 2 are attached to form a cylinder, and between each rib, for example, an acid-proof and alkali-resistant synthetic resin net and a stainless steel cover 3 are stretched.

this! The mesh ii3 constitutes a ventilation hole. Further, a part of the net 3 is attached to the lip 2 so as to be openable and closable, and is used as an entrance/exit for raw materials and manufactured compost.

In the same way as described above, the partition plate 22 is provided inside the cylinder, and the inner tank A
, B, and C are the same as in the previous embodiment.

In FIG. 6, an inner cylinder 14 is provided in the center, which functions as a rotational drive shaft for the cylinder and also functions as a blow cylinder. By providing this inner cylinder 14, sufficient air can be supplied to the raw material inside the cylinder 1 through natural ventilation.

However, in this case, if the diameter of the tube 1 is too large, ventilation will be poor, so the diameter of the tube 1 is preferably about 1 m in diameter.

In this embodiment, the inner tanks A, B, and C have a hollow columnar shape with a fan-shaped cross section.

The rotating device 8 includes a motor 9 and a speed reducer 10, and the speed reducer 10 is connected to one of the shafts 5 to rotate the tube 1. Although a motor is used here, other prime movers such as a gasoline engine may be used, and in the case of a small device, it may be operated manually.

The cylindrical fermenter 1, the rotating device 8, the belt conveyor 31, etc.
The entire body is covered with a cover 11 to ensure heat retention. As the cover 11, an agricultural vinyl house or the like is used as appropriate, but a drain hole 3 is provided to prevent water vapor generated during compost production from condensing on the inner surface of the cover and adversely affecting fermentation.
2 to allow excess water to drain out.

Further, if necessary, although not shown, an exhaust port and an intake port may be provided.

FIG. 4 also shows another embodiment of the cover 11, in which the cover 11 is made of, for example, transparent vinyl and has a hollowed-out tent shape. It is constructed in a substantially sealed manner with a space separating it from the air. Air supply holes 12 and exhaust holes 13 are provided at appropriate locations on the cover 11. Although these air supply holes 12 and exhaust holes 13 may be used as they are in the open state, it is advantageous to connect a cylindrical blower to the air supply holes 12 because the ventilation efficiency within the cover 11 increases.

Furthermore, if a deodorizing device is attached to the exhaust hole 13, odors generated during operation can be removed.

The cylindrical fermenter 1 is not only a cylinder but also a hexagonal cylinder,
'In addition, a square cylinder, a hexagonal cylinder, etc. may be used.

Next, a composting method using the above composting fermentation device will be explained.

First, an unfermented material prepared by mixing compost raw materials such as valve sludge and raw chicken manure (or pig or cow manure) to a moisture content of 70 to 85% (preferably about 80%) is placed in inner tank B at the door 2 of tank B.
Pour into tank B from step 6.

Although the amount to be added may be arbitrary, according to the present invention, the desired purpose can be achieved even when 100% filling is performed, so it is particularly excellent as an industrial method capable of large-scale processing. Adjacent A,
The C tank contains or is filled with a fermented product that is in an active fermentation state.

Keep the inside of House 11 warm. The door 26 is closed, and the blower 25 is controlled to vent from the ventilation pipe 23 so that the amount of ventilation is such that the temperature of the high-temperature fermented materials in tanks A and C does not drop rapidly.

Thereafter, the cylinder 1 is rotated while measuring the temperature inside the raw material (product temperature). The rotation is performed by a motor 9 at a rotational speed of 1 to 2 revolutions per hour. Further, the rotation does not have to be performed continuously; it is stopped when the temperature of the product is to be raised, and the rotation is continued when the temperature of the product is to be lowered.

For example, at the beginning of raw material preparation, the cylinder 1 is rotated to stir the raw material, and the entire raw material is sufficiently exposed to air to grow aerobic microorganisms. Thereafter, the rotation is stopped or the rest period is lengthened, and the rotation is intermittently rotated to ferment the raw materials and increase the internal temperature.

During this time, the cylinder is intermittently rotated to mix the high-temperature and low-temperature parts of the raw material.

At this time, the unfermented material in tank B is
Not only is the activated fermented material in tank C rapidly heated, but the microorganisms and enzymes are transferred from tanks A and C to tank B, and the rotation of tank 1 further promotes the transfer. , the fermentation of raw materials in tank B is greatly promoted. Therefore, unlike conventional methods, there is no need to separately add enzymes or microorganisms to the raw materials, and there is no need to separately heat them. It can be said to be an energy-saving system.

After approximately 48 hours, the raw material in tank B reaches a temperature of 60°C or higher, and reaches a maximum temperature of 70°C or higher around 72 hours. Therefore, we gradually lowered the temperature and after about 96 hours, we
The temperature was below 0℃.

Through this fermentation process, the water in the raw material with a high moisture content is rapidly evaporated and passed through the screen 3 to the plastic greenhouse 11.
Dew condenses on the inner surface of the tank and drains from the drain hole 32. Therefore, the moisture content of the raw material in the tank is significantly reduced, and even if the raw material has a high moisture content, the temperature of the compost can be maintained while maintaining air permeability as the tank rotates. There is no possibility that it will change at all.

According to the final fermentation method, aeration is promoted by the rotation of the tank as well as rapid fermentation, so the amount of air supplied by the blower 25 is also small, and 100% filled raw materials can be fermented in just a few days (for example, about 3 days). % decrease. For this reason, the fermented product at the center of the inner tank and the raw materials at the outer edge are exchanged between the inside and outside each time it rotates due to the effect of the void created above, resulting in a uniform fermented product and the fermentation itself being greatly improved. will be promoted.

As described above, according to the present invention, even if the inner tank is 100% filled with raw materials, it can be stirred uniformly, high quality compost can be produced in an extremely short time, and a large amount of waste can be processed. This will give you the benefit of knowing that you can do it.

Moreover, the comb teeth 27 attached to the inner wall have the effect of preventing the raw materials from forming into lumps and leaving no unfermented portions.

After processing in this way for several days, when the compost material has fermented at a temperature of about 60°C or less, one of the tanks, for example, tank A, is closed with the door 26.
The product is opened and taken out by the belt conveyor 31, and the product is collected. Then, new compost raw materials are filled into the tank after adjusting the moisture content, and the above cycle is repeated.

Then, for example, product compost is taken out from tank A and BSC every day, and then raw materials are added to continuously produce compost. In this way, rapid fermentation can be continued while maintaining the temperature inside the tank with low energy.

In this way, for example, the active fermentation period is about 70 hours, and after the in-tank treatment is carried out to deodorize the product, if necessary, it may be left at room temperature to perform secondary fermentation or ripening treatment. In addition, if necessary, all the inner tanks are filled with unfermented raw materials to start the fermentation process, and after fermentation is completed, the contents of one tank are taken out and new raw materials are put into it to carry out the present invention. You may.

〔Example〕

Composting of organic matter was carried out using the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 (and FIG. 2).

In other words, 4011 quail droppings and 4 coffee grounds were added to the ASC tank.
A mixture consisting of 01, papermaking sludge 401, and return sludge 4ON was charged into tank B, and the mixture from the above except return sludge was charged into tank B.

The cylinder 1 was slowly rotated 3 to 4 times every day at a rate of 1 rotation/hour, and ventilation was performed naturally without using a blower.

After 36 hours, the product temperature in tanks A and C reached 73°C.

After another 36 hours, the temperature of the product in tank B reached 72°C, so the door 26 was opened and the fermented product was taken out from tank C and conveyed to the outside by the belt conveyor 31.

The same unfermented compost raw material as described above was charged into this C tank and treated in the same manner. Then, 24 hours later, the fermented material was taken out from tank A, and then new raw materials were introduced, and compost was continuously produced in one tank every day.

After only 3 days of fermentation, the contents were completely composted, and an excellent compost was obtained with almost no off-odor. Changes in product temperature, temperature inside the greenhouse, cavity temperature inside the tank, and outside temperature are
It was as shown in the figure.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, the present invention releases moisture to the outside through the ventilation holes, prevents unfermented compost raw materials from turning into sludge, prevents bad odors, and continuously produces high-quality, fully fermented compost with low moisture content. Moreover, the effect can be obtained in a short period of time. Furthermore, the present invention allows raw materials to be evenly exposed to air without requiring a large aeration device, and fermentation can be achieved in a short period of time, and the device can be made simple, compact, and inexpensive. There are benefits to be gained.

Moreover, according to the present invention, there is no need to add enzymes, returned sludge, seed bacteria, etc., or to heat the fermentation at the initial stage, so that high-quality compost can be automatically produced at an amazing speed of 3 to 4 days, and in an energy-saving manner. It can be manufactured by equipment.

The targets are extremely wide-ranging, such as sewage, clothing, livestock waste, poultry manure, pulp sludge, coffee grounds, kitchen waste, agricultural waste, straw, and pasture, as well as pollution prevention technology and environmental purification. It is also technically excellent.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a front view showing one embodiment of the composting fermentation device used in the composting method of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view thereof, Fig. 3 is another embodiment of the drive device, and Fig. 4 is a composting fermentation device. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A of the ventilation device, FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the ventilation pipe, and FIG. 7 is a front view showing another embodiment of the vent pipe. It is a graph showing changes in compost product temperature, greenhouse internal temperature, tank internal pore temperature, and outside temperature. Figure 2 Procedural Amendment 7-1 1. Indication of the case: Japanese Patent Application No. 100566/1982 2, Title of the invention: Continuous rapid composting method and apparatus 3, Person making the amendment Relationship with the case Patent applicant address: University @ 6-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 4 people
Name: Takahashi Fusa-4, Agent Address: 3-19-12 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo On page 14, line 19 of the specification, the phrase “Habo 48 hours later” has been replaced with “Habo 24 hours later.” ” he corrected. The statement "around 72 hours" on page 14, line 20 of the specification is corrected to "around 36 hours." In the second line of page 15 of the specification, the phrase "approximately 96 hours" is corrected to "approximately 70 hours."

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Cylindrical fermentation in which a plurality of inner tanks are formed by providing a large number of ventilation holes at least on the circumferential side, and partitioning the inside with a plurality of planes that include the axis, extend toward the circumferential side, and have ventilation holes. In the tank, one of the inner tanks is filled with unfermented compost raw material, and the adjacent inner tank is filled with compost that has completed fermentation or is in the process of fermentation, and by rotating this cylindrical fermentation tank, the compost raw material is is fermented while stirring, then the fermented compost is taken out, the inner tank after being taken out is filled again with unfermented compost raw materials, the above cycle is repeated, and the fermented compost is taken out one after another. Features a continuous rapid composting method. (2) At least a large number of ventilation holes are provided on the circumferential side, and the inside is partitioned by a plurality of partition plates that include the axis and extend toward the circumferential side and have ventilation holes to form a plurality of inner tanks, and each inner tank The continuous rapid fermentation tank is characterized by comprising a cylindrical fermenter equipped with an opening/closing door, a rotating device for rotating the fermenter, and a cover that covers the entire fermenter and is equipped with a drain removal device. Composting equipment.